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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Developmental ecological niche theory“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Developmental ecological niche theory"
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Wang, Yousong, Yufan Zhang, Yang Li, Martin H. Asare und Yan Zhang. „Empirical Study on Ecological Niche Evaluation on Regional Construction Industry in China“. Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 8, Nr. 1 (01.10.2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801408010164.
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The ecological system of the construction industry had been divided into three aspects, i.e.economy, scale and technology. Basing on the ecological niche theory, this paper established the evaluation model and studied on the ecologi-cal niche status about national regional construction industry in China using statistical data from 2007 to 2012. The analy-sis results show that Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Liaoning have the highest scores in the economic and the scaled niche. Tianjin, Beijing and Jiangsu’s technology niche are better. Overall, Integrated niche still has a better performance in Jiangsu, Zhe-jiang and Liaoning. The calculated values are 0.1002, 0.0696 and 0.0592 respectively. In terms of the discreteness and the diversity, the score of the scaled niche is the highest. The economic niche’s score is the second. And the lowest score is belonged to the technology niche. It is also found that the national construction industry has an unbalanced development in each area. The construction industry depends on the advantage of the economic investment and scaled advantage in the eastern coastal and the central regions. The level of the management and the technology is still low in the whole industry. Therefore, it is suggested that the Chinese government should enhance the strength of the construction investment and de-velopment in the north and west regions, ensuring the good developmental situation in the eastern and central regions. The R&D and the spreading of the technological advanced achievement should be strengthened. And the management and the technology level of the construction industry should be improved.
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Antai, Imoh, und Crispin M. Mutshinda. „Competitor Identification for Sustainable Survival Strategies: Illustration with Supply Chain Versus Supply Chain Competition“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 14 (14.07.2021): 7861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147861.
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We describe a methodology for identifying competitors from first principles, drawing on the ecological niche theory which stipulates that competition arises from the dependence of interacting entities on the same limiting resources or, in ecological terms, from overlap in their niches. Depending on the context, the entities of interest may be species, products, firms, countries, or supply chains. We discuss the concepts of niche breadth and niche overlap and provide a mathematical expression for computing the competitive effects of interacting entities on one another from niche breadth and overlap measures. We illustrate the competitor identification procedure with simulated data mimicking a situation where supply chains compete over logistics modes on which they rely for moving goods from point to point. Competition identification is invaluable to business sustainability as it allows the entities involved to remain sustainable and persist in a competitive environment by crafting effective strategies that allow them to continuously adapt to changes and mitigate the negative impacts of competition.
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Liu, Dandan, Anmin Huang, Dewei Yang, Jianyi Lin und Jiahui Liu. „Niche-Driven Socio-Environmental Linkages and Regional Sustainable Development“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 3 (27.01.2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031331.
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The changes in niche roles and functions caused by competition for survival resources have implications in various domains, with natural science and social science standing out. Currently, expanding the ecological niche concept and its practical interpretation in the fields of social ecology, geography and sustainable science is becoming a crucial challenge. This paper is based on niche theory to observe niche evolution and resulting socio-ecological effects of 1186 towns in 19 prefecture cities in Yangtze River delta. The results indicate that: Towns around the Taihu Lake displayed obvious spatial agglomeration, which was leading the development of the entire region. The town niche shows obvious characteristics of north-south differences and hierarchy distribution. The niche coordination degree of Jiangsu Province was higher than that of Zhejiang Province. The higher the subsystem coordination degree, the better the town development. Towns with poor ecological conditions are often subject to competition, while towns with better ecological conditions often benefit from cooperative development. The niche separation and collaboration could enhance niche competition of towns and cities in the region. The proposed framework can facilitate interdisciplinary exchanges among geography, sociology, landscape ecology and regional planning and provide insights for understanding regional co-opetition relationship and regional sustainable development.
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Guo, Yulun, Tao Wang, García Molinos Jorge, Huan Zhang, Peiyu Zhang, Min Zhang und Jun Xu. „Differential Responses of Food Web Properties to Opposite Assembly Rules and Species Richness“. Water 12, Nr. 10 (12.10.2020): 2828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102828.
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Trophic niches condition the energetic performance of species within food webs providing a vital link between food web assembly, species diversity, and functioning of ecosystems. Our understanding of this important link is, however, limited by the lack of empirical tools that can be easily applied to compare entire food webs at regional scales. By comparison, with different a priori synthetic models defined according to specific assembly rules (i.e., purely random, limiting similarity, and niche filtering), we demonstrate that a set of food web properties (trophic richness, evenness, and divergence) are controlled by ecological processes. We further demonstrate that although both limiting similarity and niche filtering are statistically significant assembly processes shaping our studied lake food webs, their relative importance is richness-dependent, and contextual to the specific food web property under consideration. Our results have both important theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, the observed richness-dependent variation on food web properties contradicts the common criticism on food web theory that food web properties are roughly scale-invariant. Practically, these properties can help avoiding spurious conclusions, while providing useful information for multiple food web niche spaces supporting the ecosystem functioning.
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Müller, Gerd B. „Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary“. Interface Focus 7, Nr. 5 (18.08.2017): 20170015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015.
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Since the last major theoretical integration in evolutionary biology—the modern synthesis (MS) of the 1940s—the biosciences have made significant advances. The rise of molecular biology and evolutionary developmental biology, the recognition of ecological development, niche construction and multiple inheritance systems, the ‘-omics’ revolution and the science of systems biology, among other developments, have provided a wealth of new knowledge about the factors responsible for evolutionary change. Some of these results are in agreement with the standard theory and others reveal different properties of the evolutionary process. A renewed and extended theoretical synthesis, advocated by several authors in this issue, aims to unite pertinent concepts that emerge from the novel fields with elements of the standard theory. The resulting theoretical framework differs from the latter in its core logic and predictive capacities. Whereas the MS theory and its various amendments concentrate on genetic and adaptive variation in populations, the extended framework emphasizes the role of constructive processes, ecological interactions and systems dynamics in the evolution of organismal complexity as well as its social and cultural conditions. Single-level and unilinear causation is replaced by multilevel and reciprocal causation. Among other consequences, the extended framework overcomes many of the limitations of traditional gene-centric explanation and entails a revised understanding of the role of natural selection in the evolutionary process. All these features stimulate research into new areas of evolutionary biology.
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Olson, Mark E. „Plant Evolutionary Ecology in the Age of the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis“. Integrative and Comparative Biology 59, Nr. 3 (20.05.2019): 493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz042.
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AbstractPlant ecology is increasingly turning to evolutionary questions, just as evolutionary biology pushes out of the strictures of the Modern Synthesis into what some regard as an “Extended Evolutionary Synthesis.” As plant ecology becomes increasingly evolutionary, it is essential to ask how aspects of the Extended Synthesis might impinge on plant ecological theory and practice. I examine the contribution of plant evolutionary ecology to niche construction theory, as well as the potential for developmental systems theory and genes-as-followers adaptive evolution, all important post-Modern Synthesis themes, in providing novel perspectives for plant evolutionary ecology. I also examine ways that overcoming dichotomies such as “genetic vs. plastic” and “constraint vs. adaptation” provide fertile opportunities for plant evolutionary ecologists. Along the same lines, outgrowing vague concepts such as “stress” and replacing them with more precise terminology in all cases provides vastly increased causal clarity. As a result, the synthetic path that plant ecologists are blazing, becoming more evolutionary every year, bodes extremely well for the field, with vast potential for expansion into important scientific territory.
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Zhang, Danning, Yanshu Shi und Weiwei Li. „China’s Sharing Economy of Mobility Industry: From Perspective of Industrial Ecosystem“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 24 (12.12.2019): 7130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247130.
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The development of China’s sharing economy has slowed down significantly after experiencing the savage growth since the beginning of 2018 and has entered the turning point of structural adjustment. Factors including homogeneous and single profit model, excessive reliance on capital, and the immaturity of win-win industrial ecosystem are major bottlenecks. Therefore, how to overcome the obstacles is a key issue to be solved urgently. In view of the sharing economy’s characteristics of industry integration and cross-boundary symbiosis, the concept of sharing economy industrial ecosystem was put forward. Furthermore, social network analysis (SNA) was used to solve the problem of weak synergy in the development of China’s sharing economy and strive to break through the development bottleneck in order to realize the optimization of China’s sharing industry ecosystem and the sustainable development of industry. Specially, we proposed a fusion framework of industrial ecosystem and SNA including macro, meso, and micro dimensions. Macro analysis is based on the fusion of ecological environment in ecosystem theory and density analysis in SNA. Meso analysis is based on the fusion of ecological communities in ecosystem theory and subgroup analysis in SNA. Micro analysis is based on the fusion of an ecological niche in ecosystem theory and centrality analysis in SNA. It was found that the ecosystem of sharing mobility industry has been basically established, and the ecological diversity is good, including sharing mobility, third-party platform, automobile manufacturing, insurance and venture capital enterprises and universities. In addition, some sharing enterprises, typically represented by Didi, are upgrading their strategies to ecological development through cross-border integration. Mobile payment plays a vital role in developing China’s sharing mobility industry.
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Zeder, Melinda A. „Domestication as a model system for the extended evolutionary synthesis“. Interface Focus 7, Nr. 5 (18.08.2017): 20160133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0133.
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One of the challenges in evaluating arguments for extending the conceptual framework of evolutionary biology involves the identification of a tractable model system that allows for an assessment of the core assumptions of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). The domestication of plants and animals by humans provides one such case study opportunity. Here, I consider domestication as a model system for exploring major tenets of the EES. First I discuss the novel insights that niche construction theory (NCT, one of the pillars of the EES) provides into the domestication processes, particularly as they relate to five key areas: coevolution, evolvability, ecological inheritance, cooperation and the pace of evolutionary change. This discussion is next used to frame testable predictions about initial domestication of plants and animals that contrast with those grounded in standard evolutionary theory, demonstrating how these predictions might be tested in multiple regions where initial domestication took place. I then turn to a broader consideration of how domestication provides a model case study consideration of the different ways in which the core assumptions of the EES strengthen and expand our understanding of evolution, including reciprocal causation, developmental processes as drivers of evolutionary change, inclusive inheritance, and the tempo and rate of evolutionary change.
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Pinho, Patrícia F., Luciano J. S. Anjos, Saulo Rodrigues-Filho, Diogo V. Santos und Peter M. Toledo. „Projections of Brazilian biomes resilience and socio-environmental risks to climate change“. Sustentabilidade em Debate 11, Nr. 3 (31.12.2020): 225–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18472/sustdeb.v11n3.2020.33918.
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Climate change has been considered, at a global level, as one of the main anthropogenic drivers of environmental transformation, especially on biomes, ecosystems and the most vulnerable population. In this regard, the concept of resilience has been widely used in ecology to explain the ecosystem transition thresholds by which forests and other habitats are able to restructure in the face of various external disturbances. However, the concept of resilience in facing climate change impacts and risks through the lens of socio-environmental risks in Brazil is still underdeveloped, especially at the biome level. This article uses the theory of critical transitions to ecological niche distribution modeling in future global warming scenarios by the end of the century, in order to highlight the change in ecological resilience of the Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pampa biomes, and how the changes in resilience can lead to an increased exposure, vulnerabilities and risks to socio-environmental security. This article shows how an interdisciplinary approach bringing together modeling of biome resilience may be a tool to support decision making and public policies on mitigation and adaptation to climate change and reduce risks to socio-environmental security.
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Piperno, Dolores R. „Assessing elements of an extended evolutionary synthesis for plant domestication and agricultural origin research“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, Nr. 25 (02.06.2017): 6429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1703658114.
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The development of agricultural societies, one of the most transformative events in human and ecological history, was made possible by plant and animal domestication. Plant domestication began 12,000–10,000 y ago in a number of major world areas, including the New World tropics, Southwest Asia, and China, during a period of profound global environmental perturbations as the Pleistocene epoch ended and transitioned into the Holocene. Domestication is at its heart an evolutionary process, and for many prehistorians evolutionary theory has been foundational in investigating agricultural origins. Similarly, geneticists working largely with modern crops and their living wild progenitors have documented some of the mechanisms that underwrote phenotypic transformations from wild to domesticated species. Ever-improving analytic methods for retrieval of empirical data from archaeological sites, together with advances in genetic, genomic, epigenetic, and experimental research on living crop plants and wild progenitors, suggest that three fields of study currently little applied to plant domestication processes may be necessary to understand these transformations across a range of species important in early prehistoric agriculture. These fields are phenotypic (developmental) plasticity, niche construction theory, and epigenetics with transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. All are central in a controversy about whether an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis is needed to reconceptualize how evolutionary change occurs. An exploration of their present and potential utility in domestication study shows that all three fields have considerable promise in elucidating important issues in plant domestication and in agricultural origin and dispersal research and should be increasingly applied to these issues.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Developmental ecological niche theory"
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Kristiansen, Pernilla, und Anna Allebert. „Barns övergång från förskola till förskoleklass : En undersökning av bilderböcker“. Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85018.
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The aim of the study is to investigate a selection of picture books about the start of school to see how children's transitions from preschool to preschool class are depicted. This is to further investigate whether picture books can be used as a complement to transition activities. Through this study, we aim to gain more knowledge about whether the books in the study could serve as a complement to transition activities. In total, six picture books have been processed using close-up reading as a method and the developmental ecological niche theory. Previous research shows that the transition between preschool and preschool class is a problem area where there are major shortcomings in the interaction between these different activities. Therefore, the study aims to investigate a transitional activity without collaboration requirements for the activities. The results show that the characters in the picture books place the greatest emphasis on the community rather than the teaching and education in school. The social interaction and emotions are close in the plot and are difficult to distinguish as they often reflect each other.Syftet med studien är att undersöka ett urval av bilderböcker om skolstarten för att se hur barns övergångar från förskola till förskoleklass skildras. Detta för att vidare undersöka om bilderböcker kan användas som komplement till övergångsaktiviteter. Genom denna undersökning strävar vi efter att få mer kunskap kring huruvida böckerna i studien skulle kunna fungera som ett komplement till övergångsaktiviteter. Totalt har sex bilderböcker bearbetats med hjälp av närläsning som metod och den utvecklingsekologiska nischteorin. Den tidigare forskningen visar att övergången mellan förskola och förskoleklass är ett problemområde där stora brister finns i samverkan mellan dessa olika verksamheter. Därav eftersträvar studien att undersöka en övergångsaktivitet utan samverkanskrav för verksamheterna. Resultatet visar att karaktärerna i bilderböckerna lägger störst vikt vid gemenskapen snarare än undervisningen och utbildningen i skolan. Det sociala samspelet och känslor ligger nära i handlingen och är svåra att särskilja då de ofta återspeglar varandra.
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Poole, Jennifer Eileen. „Towards an ecological theory of developmental dyslexia“. Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426243.
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Richmond, David A. „Niche competition in the occupational labor market: An ecological theory of labor market dynamics“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284273.
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This dissertation models occupational wage using a fusion of the economic model of supply and demand and an ecological theory of social groups. I argue that competition between different occupations for similar workers is a key element in determining the amount of labor supplied to occupations, and therefore also determines wages. The model places occupational groups in niches within a social space composed of the sociodemographic dimensions of age, education, race, and gender. Occupations compete in their niches for members with other occupations in the niche. High levels of competition lead to lower levels of supply, and, therefore, higher wages. This approach challenges a key assumption of current approaches to wage determination, namely that human capital dimensions are the only dimensions relevant to wage outcomes, and that the effect of these dimensions is constant and unidirectional. I address several lacuna evident in previous work. The model I present is the first truly structural model of occupational interdependence. The model treats the set of occupations holistically, as a interdependent system, rather than independently. In addition, I introduce price into the theory of community ecology, which has been heretofore ignored in this work. Finally, this dissertation presents a theory which may explain the so called dual labor market wage effect. Data is taken from nine consecutive years of the Current Population Survey (1983-1991). I estimate the rate of change of supply and demand in the occupational labor market using a simultaneous equations model which incorporates the effect of competition along multiple social dimensions. I estimate both unidimensional effects of competition along age and education and multidimensional effects of competition along age, education, race, and gender simultaneously.
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Jess, Michael Chalmers. „Curriculum innovation from a complex ecological perspective : a developmental physical education case study“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8190.
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With recent developments in Scottish education characterised by less prescriptive curriculum guidance, educators, and teachers in particular, are being presented with the opportunity to become more active participants in the curriculum innovation process (Scottish Executive, 2004). This thesis argues, however, that a more participatory curriculum innovation approach contrasts with the centrally-driven top-down curriculum projects that have held currency over the last 30 years; as such, the experiences of most teachers, and their managers, have not helped build the capacity to cope with and influence the curriculum innovation process. Following on, it is suggested there is an urgent need to develop curriculum innovation approaches that specifically set out to help educators construct these innovation-related capacities. The thesis proposes that a more participatory curriculum innovation approach may be achieved by extending concepts from current educational ‘change knowledge’ (Fullan, 1993) to include key principles from complexity-oriented theories (Biesta, 2010; Morrison, 2010). A complex ecological approach (CEA) is presented in which curriculum innovation efforts are portrayed as complex, self organising, emergent, non-linear and ambiguously bounded phenomena influenced by the ongoing interaction of contextual factors and personal capacities. The applicability of this complex ecological approach is explored by means of a case study focused on my personal curriculum innovation efforts in primary physical education (PE) over a twenty-four year period from 1987-2011 in two countries: England and Scotland. I provide a detailed retrospective analysis of the ‘Developmental Physical Education Project’ (DPEP) to explore the extent to which the macro, meso and micro contexts in which I worked and my personal capacities have influenced my curriculum innovation efforts over this twenty-four year period. In particular, the nature of my developmental PE innovation efforts, characterised as complex, self-organising, emergent, non-linear and ambiguously bounded is explored. Analysis reveals the important influence of different contextual factors on the nature of these innovation efforts, particularly the prevailing policy-making and policy-dissemination processes and the support of micro-level management. However, the most significant finding is the central role played by my personal capacities in shaping innovation efforts that, over time, are self-organising, emergent, ambiguously bounded and non-linear. In particular, the analysis highlights how six key capacities; reflection, inquiry, emotions, vision, knowledge and relationships, all played a key role in helping me cope with and influence the innovation process. Given these findings, the thesis concludes by proposing ways in which the CEA may help educators, and teachers in particular, better understand, negotiate and influence future curriculum innovation agendas.
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Link-Perez, Melanie A. „Using distance-similarity relations to evaluate the importance of neutral ecological drift“. Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122438909.
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Jones, Kelley Simmons. „Childhood Sexual Behavior: An Integrated Developmental Ecological Assessment Approach“. Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1463340188.
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Furniss, Tucker J. „The Utah Forest Dynamics Plot: Long-Term Ecological Monitoring and Theoretical Ecology in a High-Elevation Subalpine Environment“. DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5193.
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The Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity has been advanced as a universal theory for species coexistence in forests worldwide, but few studies have examined its relevance to high-elevation, stressful environments. I established the Utah Forest Dynamics Plot (UFDP) in a heterogeneous subalpine forest at 3,091 m elevation on the Colorado Plateau to examine three underlying assumptions of neutral theory (functional equivalence, ecological equivalence, and habitat generality) and one prediction (the species abundance distribution). The UFDP comprises 27,845 stems ≥1 cm diameter at breast height of 17 species, 10 genera, and 6 families over 13.6 ha. The neutral model was a poor fit to the observed species abundance distribution, but I did not find the alternative lognormal model to provide a better fit. Using spatial pattern analyses of tree data, topography, and soil type, I found some limited support for the neutral theory assumptions of functional and ecological equivalency, with notable exceptions. Populus tremuloides, Pinus flexilis, and Pinus longaeva were characterized by non-neutral recruitment processes, and Abies bifolia and Populus tremuloides exhibited asymmetric competitive and facilitative interactions. The assumption of habitat generality was strongly contradicted, with all ten abundant species in the UFDP having habitat preference. In this subalpine temperate forest, species diversity and community structure are influenced more by habitat heterogeneity, species differences, and niche selection, with neutral processes playing a lesser role.
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Thorne, Cecilia. „New interpretations of developmental psycbology regarding the determinants of conduct“. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101471.
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Two current positions in the field of human development are presented. On the one hand, Scarr' s theory abour the effects of genotype on environment is discussed. On the other hand, the ecological theory of Bronfenbrenner, which describes human developmenr as an interaction between the developing person and his/her environment. The author discusses some aspects of both positions that need furrher study in order ro prevent negarive effects and have a better understanding of child development, in third world countries.El artículo presenta dos posiciones actuales que buscan explicar el desarrollo humano desde perspectivas diferentes. Por un lado, se presenta la posición de Scarr acerca de los efectos de los genotipos sobre el ambiente, donde el peso de la interpretación está dado en los aspectos hereditarios. Por otro lado, la teoría ecológica sustentada por Bronfenbrenner que define al desarrollo humano como una interacción entre la persona en desarrollo y su medio ambiente. La aurora discute algunos aspectos de ambas posiciones en los que sería importante profundizar para prevenir negativos y tener una mejor comprensión del desarrollo del niño, en países en vías de desarrollo.
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Pagnotta, Murillo. „Living and learning together : integrating developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking in the study of social learning“. Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16386.
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Behavioural scientists argue that ‘social learning' provides the link between biological phenomena and cultural phenomena because of its role in the ‘cultural transmission' of knowledge among individuals within and across generations. However, leading authors within the social sciences have proposed alternative ways of thinking about social life not founded on the Modern oppositions including nature-culture, biology-culture, body-mind, and individual-society. Similarly, the distinction between a domain of nature and a domain of nurture has also been extensively criticized within biology. Finally, advocates of ‘radical embodied cognitive science' offer an alternative to the representational-computational view of the mind which supports the conventional notion of culture and cultural information. This thesis attempts to integrate developmental systems theory, radical embodied cognitive science, and relational thinking, with the goal to bring the field of social learning closer to these critical theoretical developments. In Chapter 2, I find no justification for the claim that the genome carries information in the sense of specification of biological form. Chapter 3 presents a view of ontogeny as a historical, relational, constructive and contingent process. Chapter 4 uses the notions of environmental information, abilities, affordances, and intentions to make sense of behaviour and learning. In Chapter 5, I argue that the notion of social learning can be understood in terms of relational histories of development rather than in terms of transmission of information. I then report empirical studies investigating behavioural coordination and social learning consistent with this theoretical framework. Chapter 6 presents evidence that dyads in a joint making activity synchronize their attention constrained by their changing situation and that coordination of attention is predictive of implicit and explicit learning. Chapter 7 presents evidence that joint attention does not require gaze following and that attentional coordination is predictive of learning a manual task. Together, these theoretical and empirical studies suggest a new way of thinking about how humans and other animals live and learn socially, one that is consistent with critical theoretical and philosophical developments that are currently neglected in the literature on social learning.
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Alkhuzaim, Faisal Kh. „“I Want Ketchup on my Rice”: The Role of Child Agency on Arab Migrant Families Food and Foodways“. Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7258.
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This exploratory research study examines changes in food and foodways (food habits) among Arab migrant families in a small community in Tampa, Florida. It also explores how those families’ children may play a role in the process of change. Within this community, I conducted my research study at a private school, where I recruited families with children between the ages of eight and seventeen. In applying the ecological model of food and nutrition and the developmental niche theoretical framework, this research draws on qualitative methods, including structured interviews with parents; focus group discussion with parents; a food survey; and children’s focus groups that included engaging activities such as vignettes (role playing), free-listing and sorting, and one-day food menus. I used MAXQDA 18 software for qualitative data analysis, and the results show that the main factors aiding in post-migration food and foodways changes are time constraints (lifestyle), ingredients, and availability and accessibility of permissible food (halal). Parent did not mention their children as a main factor; however, they perceive influence of their children. Feeding practices such as rewarding, restriction, forcing, and family meals were emerging themes, and children express their agency around those practices. Children developed their own agency regarding food because of their social and physical environments. Older children perceived their influence on their families’ food and foodways by introducing food items to their own families.
Bücher zum Thema "Developmental ecological niche theory"
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Sultan, Sonia E. Organism and Environment: Ecological Development, Niche Construction, and Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Sultan, Sonia E. Organism and Environment: Ecological Development, Niche Construction, and Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Mittelbach, Gary G., und Brian J. McGill. Community Ecology. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835851.001.0001.
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Community Ecology provides a broad, up-to-date coverage of ecological concepts at the community level and is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and ecological researchers. The field of community ecology has undergone a transformation in recent years, from a discipline largely focused on processes occurring within a local area to a discipline encompassing a much richer domain of study, including the linkages between communities separated in space (metacommunity dynamics), niche and neutral theory, the interplay between ecology and evolution (eco-evolutionary dynamics), and the influence of historical and regional processes in shaping patterns of biodiversity. To fully understand these new developments, however, students continue to need a strong foundation in the study of species interactions, and how these interactions are assembled into community modules and ecological networks. Trait-based assembly rules are presented as another approach to understanding community assembly, especially for real-world communities that may contain hundreds of species. This new edition fulfils the book’s original aims, both as a much-needed up-to-date and accessible introduction to modern community ecology, and in identifying the important questions that are yet to be answered. This research-driven textbook introduces state-of-the-art community ecology to a new generation of students, adopting reasoned and balanced perspectives on as-yet-unresolved issues. Pictures and graphics throughout the text allow students to visualize advanced concepts.
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Stotz, Karola, und Paul Griffiths. A Developmental Systems Account of Human Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823650.003.0004.
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We argue here that to understand human nature is to understand the plastic process of human development and the diversity it produces. Drawing on the framework of developmental systems theory and the idea of developmental niche construction, we argue that human nature is not embodied in only one input to development, such as the genome, and that it should not be confined to universal or typical human characteristics. Both similarities and certain classes of differences are explained by a human developmental system that reaches well out into the ‘environment’. We point to a significant overlap between our account and the ‘life history trait cluster’ account of Grant Ramsey, and defend the developmental systems account against the accusation that trying to encompass developmental plasticity and human diversity leads to an unmanageably complex account of human nature.
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Worm, Boris, und Derek P. Tittensor. A Theory of Global Biodiversity (MPB-60). Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691154831.001.0001.
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The number of species found at a given point on the planet varies by orders of magnitude, yet large-scale gradients in biodiversity appear to follow some very general patterns. Little mechanistic theory has been formulated to explain the emergence of observed gradients of biodiversity both on land and in the oceans. Based on a comprehensive empirical synthesis of global patterns of species diversity and their drivers, this book develops and applies a new theory that can predict such patterns from few underlying processes. The book shows that global patterns of biodiversity fall into four consistent categories, according to where species live: on land or in coastal, pelagic, and deep ocean habitats. The fact that most species groups, from bacteria to whales, appear to follow similar biogeographic patterns of richness within these habitats points toward some underlying structuring principles. Based on empirical analyses of environmental correlates across these habitats, the book combines aspects of neutral, metabolic, and niche theory into one unifying framework. Applying it to model terrestrial and marine realms, the book demonstrates that a relatively simple theory that incorporates temperature and community size as driving variables is able to explain divergent patterns of species richness at a global scale. Integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives, the book yields surprising insights into the fundamental mechanisms that shape the distribution of life on our planet.
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Lucyshyn, Joseph, Brenda Fossett, Christy Cheremshynski, Lynn Miller, Sharon Lohrmann, Lauren Binnendyk, Sophia Khan, Stephen Chinn, Samantha Kwon und Larry Irvin. Transforming Coercive into Constructive Processes with Families of Children with Developmental Disabilities and Severe Problem Behavior. Herausgegeben von Thomas J. Dishion und James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.25.
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This chapter describes an ecological approach to behavioral intervention with families of children with developmental disabilities and severe problem behavior that is designed to promote survivable interventions in family contexts. The approach, ecological family centered positive behavior support, is based on an ecological unit of analysis, coercive processes in family routines. The unit of analysis represents a synthesis of behavioral theory, coercion theory, and ecocultural theory. The approach aims to transform coercive into constructive processes in family routines. The chapter discusses the challenges faced by families raising a child with a developmental disability. It describes the components of the ecological unit of analysis and their contributions to tertiary level behavioral intervention with families. Results of a longitudinal intervention study that investigated the efficacy of the approach are presented. Implications are offered for assessment and intervention with families of children with developmental disabilities who may need tertiary level behavioral intervention services.
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Gelfand, Michele J., Chi-yue Chiu und Ying-yi Hong, Hrsg. Handbook of Advances in Culture and Psychology, Volume 7. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190879228.001.0001.
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Volume 7 of the Advances in Culture and Psychology series showcases cutting-edge contributions from internationally renowned culture scholars who span the discipline of culture and psychology and represent diversity in the theory and study of culture within psychology. In the first chapter, Ronald F. Inglehart presents data from countries containing over 90% of the world’s population, demonstrating that in recent decades, rising levels of economic and physical security have been reshaping human values and motivations and thereby transforming societies. In the next chapter, Zoltán Kövecses illustrates how conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) functions as a link between culture and cognition. In her chapter on cultural-developmental approaches to moral psychology, Lene Arnett Jenssen lays out life course “templates” for the three Ethics of Autonomy, Community, and Divinity. Thomas S. Weisner next illustrates how ecological theory links structural and environmental conditions to the cultural learning environments of children and the everyday routines and activities that shape the behavior and minds of children. Miriam Erez then describes research on cross-cultural similarities and differences in the area of work motivation and multicultural teams. Finally, Pawel Boski advances the concept of the cultural experiment and how it can illuminate how individuals react with resistance or tolerance when faced with cultural change.
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Sugden, David A., und Helen C. Soucie. Motor development. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0014.
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This chapter examines motor development from a number of perspectives. The first two sections overview a description followed by possible explanations of motor development. These sections are predicated on the assumption that two major questions permeate motor development: the first question asks what happens during development, describing and analysing the changes that occur; the second, a more difficult question, examines the possible explanations as to what are the mechanisms that are driving these changes. A third section provides an overview of recent work in the area of infant and early childhood development utilizing concepts from dynamic systems theory and ecological psychology. A fourth part examines two relatively recent ideas from early childhood and motor development. The first one promotes the idea of embodied cognition where a child’s physical, social, and linguistic interaction with the environment may be the root of flexible intelligent behaviour. The second one looks at the way in which some development is atypical, through an examination of precursors in early infancy being possible predictors for later problems. Finally, an example of atypical development is illustrated through a description of the condition known as developmental coordination disorder.
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Fuchs, Thomas. Ecology of the Brain. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199646883.001.0001.
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Overcoming the brain centrism of current neuroscience, Ecology of the Brain develops an ecological and embodied concept of the brain as a mediating or resonance organ. Accordingly, the mind is not a product of the brain: it is an activity of the living being as a whole, which integrates the brain in its superordinate life functions. Similarly, consciousness is not an inner domain located somewhere within the organism, but a continuous process of engaging with the world, which extends to all objects that we are in contact with. The traditional mind–brain problem is thus reformulated as a dual aspect of the living being, conceived both as a lived or subjective body and as a living or objective body. Processes of life and of experiencing life are inseparably linked. Hence, it is not the brain, but the living human person as a whole who feels, thinks, and acts. This concept is elaborated on a broad philosophical, neurobiological, and developmental basis. Based on a phenomenology of the lived body and an enactive concept of the living organism as an autopoietic system, the brain is conceived in this book as a resonance organ, mediating the circular interactions within the body as well as the interactions between the body and the environment. Above all, a person’s relations to others continuously restructure the human brain which thus becomes an organ shaped by social interaction, biography, and culture. This concept is also crucial for a non-reductionist theory of mental disorders, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, which is developed in a special chapter.
Buchteile zum Thema "Developmental ecological niche theory"
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Pfeifer, Rolf, und Dimitrios Lambrinos. „Cheap Vision—Exploiting Ecological Niche and Morphology“. In SOFSEM 2000: Theory and Practice of Informatics, 202–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44411-4_13.
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Barker, Gillian, und John Odling-Smee. „Integrating Ecology and Evolution: Niche Construction and Ecological Engineering“. In History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences, 187–211. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7067-6_10.
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Freguglia, Paolo, Eleonora Andreotti und Armando Bazzani. „Modelling Ecological Systems from a Niche Theory to Lotka-Volterra Equations“. In SEMA SIMAI Springer Series, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41120-6_1.
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Lijuan, Gu, und Wang Min. „The Analysis of the SMEs Survival Strategy Based on the Ecological Niche Theory“. In Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, 417–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27948-5_55.
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Balon, Eugene K. „The theory of saltatory ontogeny and life history models revisited“. In Early life histories of fishes: New developmental, ecological and evolutionary perspectives, 13–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9258-6_1.
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Paine, Michael D., und Eugene K. Balon. „Early development of the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum, according to the theory of saltatory ontogeny“. In Early life histories of fishes: New developmental, ecological and evolutionary perspectives, 184–206. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9258-6_10.
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Paine, Michael D., und Eugene K. Balon. „Early development of the northern logperch, Percina caprodes semifasciata, according to the theory of saltatory ontogeny“. In Early life histories of fishes: New developmental, ecological and evolutionary perspectives, 132–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9258-6_8.
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Cadotte, Marc W., und T. Jonathan Davies. „An Entangled Bank“. In Phylogenies in Ecology. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157689.003.0001.
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This chapter reviews the history of the use of phylogenetics in ecology, beginning with a discussion of early attempts to classify the diversity of life and the development of evolutionary theory. In particular, it examines how early taxonomists, starting with Carl Linnaeus, have grouped species by similarity in their traits and how early ecologists and biologists such as Charles Darwin recognized the importance of relatedness in influencing ecological interactions and species distributions. The chapter proceeds by focusing on the introduction of the neutral theory of biodiversity into mainstream ecology and the development of the niche-based model of community assembly. It also considers how some ecologists questioned the relevance of phylogenetic corrections for ecology and concludes by analyzing the emergence of ecological phylogenetics or ecophylogenetics.
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Pásztor, Liz, Zoltán Botta-Dukát, Gabriella Magyar, Tamás Czárán und Géza Meszéna. „Population regulation and the ecological niche“. In Theory-Based Ecology, 200–228. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199577859.003.0010.
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„Chapter 12: Niche Conservatism, Tracking, and Ecological Stasis“. In Evolutionary Theory, 282–306. University of Chicago Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226426198.003.0016.
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Shen Cheng lin und Zhang Xinxin. „Strategies for third party logistics enterprises based on theory of Ecological Niche“. In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Automation and Logistics (ICAL). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ical.2008.4636535.
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Lu, Qing, Liyan Xu, Zhen Cai und Xiao Peng. „The spectrum of metropolitan areas across the world, and detection of potential metropolitan areas with Chinese characteristics“. In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sdgu8646.
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When people talk about the Metropolitan Area (MA), they mean differently in different parts of the world with different contexts. Based on its spatial extent, internal structure, socio-economic function, and network characteristics, an MA can refer to various entities from a metropolis to a Megacity-region. In an effort to clarify the MA concept, we review the origin of the MA concept and its development in various parts of the world, especially the United States, Japan and China, so as to propose a spectrum of MAs, and their relationship with specific human and natural geographical contexts. Particularly, we find MAs in China typically have a unique three-circle structure, which is composed of a core circle, a commuting circle, and a functional metropolitan circle. By international comparable standards which include factors such as population density, facility density, and economic activity intensity, and adjusted with reasonable context-dependent considerations in China, the three circles are designated as follows: the spatial extent with the highest development intensity and assuming a central regional role is identified as the core circle; the districts and counties around the core circle with a commuting rate greater than 10% are identified as the commuting circle; and the districts and counties within an one-hour accessible zone are identified as the functional metropolitan circle. To test the model, we utilize eight sources of big data covering ecological background, population, economy, transportation, real estate, land use, infrastructure, and culture characteristics, and with a fusion analysis of the data we show how the factors combined give rise to the three-circle structure in typical Chinese MAs, and why the combination of the same factors in the US and Japanese contexts works otherwise to fill different niches in the spectrum of MAs mentioned above. For a further inquiry, within the framework of the same model and using the same dataset, we identify 32 cities from all 338 prefecture-level cities in China that would qualify as an MA or potential MA, which we call “the Metropolitan Areas with Chinese Characteristics”, and designate the spatial extent of the three circles within each of the MAs. Additional analyses are also conducted to locate the main development corridors, key growth poles, and currently underdeveloped regions in each of the MAs. We conclude the paper with discussions of potential challenges of MA development in China vis-a-vis current policies, such as cross-administration collaboration between jurisdictions within the same MA, and cross-scale collaboration between MAs, cities, and city groups. Placing the research in the global context, and considering the vast similarities between China and other developing countries in terms of population density, land resources, urbanization level, and socio-economic development status in general, we argue that China’s model of MAs may be also applicable to other developing countries. Therefore, this research may shed lights to planning researchers and practitioners around the world, especially in developing countries in understanding the development conditions of MAs in their own contexts, and also in methods for identifying and planning potential MAs to achieve their specific policy objectives.