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1
Chivers, Clare. "Disorders of sex development : developmental challenges and mothers' experiences of support." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2014. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/12845/.
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An increasing body of research has sought to determine the impact of Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) on the family of the affected child. Little is currently understood about the support needs of the family and how well these needs are met. With a focus on mothers as primary caregivers, Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse semi-structured interviews with eight mothers of children with DSD about their experiences of support. Four master themes emerged which encapsulated the stages in their child’s development when mothers most needed support, the importance of developing an understanding of the child’s condition, the lack of an acknowledgement of the emotional needs of the parent, and the importance of having close and trusted networks for support. Continuity and availability of support were considered important and while all participants prioritised maintaining privacy about the condition, a minority felt that this impacted on the level of support they received. Key periods of time for support were identified and while some felt that they were well supported others felt that their support did not meet their emotional needs. The results were discussed in light of previous research, and the clinical implications considered.
2
Weaver, Zupko Barbara. "Participatory action research learning involving women who have developmental challenges." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0021/MQ44827.pdf.
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Echols, Cynthia. "Challenges in sustaining person-centered planning to accomplish organizational change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279971.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the variables associated with the sustainability of Person Centered Planning over time by Support Coordinators working in an agency that provided services to individuals with developmental disabilities. Identifying these factors that positively or negatively affect the implementation and longterm sustainability of Person Centered Planning was an important outcome of the current study. The study was designed to investigate the following areas: (a) the current level of use of Person Centered Planning by Support Coordinators in the agency; (b) the variables associated with the degree to which Person Centered Planning has been sustained; (c) strategies for ensuring sustainability of Person Centered Planning; and (d) the agency's demonstration that its values are consonant with the philosophy and goals of Person Centered Planning. The research in this study was qualitative in nature, utilizing questionnaires, interviews and document reviews. Fourteen Support coordinators and five administrators employed by the agency comprised the population in the present study. Support coordinators who participated in this study were asked to complete a questionnaire related to specific demographics, as well as a questionnaire that illustrated the individual's perception of his/her use of Person Centered Planning. Both the administrators and the support coordinators were interviewed. The interviews were semistructured, guided by a set of questions, which provided consistent parameters around the areas for discussion. The review of documents included a portion of the Individual Service Plans completed during the years 2000--2001, and a review of the agency's mission statement and other planning documents. From the review of the ISP, a paucity of documentation exists from which to corroborate the numbers of support coordinators that self-reported they are either using Person Centered Planning or completing ISPs, which are person-centered. The results of the study provided evidence that Person Centered Planning has not been sustained as an overall organizational change within the agency under study.
4
Salk, Jane E. "International shared management joint venture teams : their developmental patterns, challenges, and possibilities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13118.
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5
Quintero, Lizbeth. "THE NEEDS AND CHALLENGES EXPERIENCED BY LATINO PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/734.
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With an estimated 1.8 million children born in the US with a developmental disability in the past decade and a 43% increase in the Latino population in the same time period, there are more Latino parents who have children born with a developmental disability than ever before. Due to factors such as language barriers and legal status, Latino parents of children with developmental disabilities tend to experience higher needs. This study explored the challenges and needs Latino parents faced when caring for a child with special needs. The design of the study was qualitative. Participants were a convenience sample of nine Latino women who had a child or children with a developmental disability. Results of the study suggested that there was a large need for more parental education regarding developmental disabilities, support groups, and a larger variety of services and programs available to both parents and children. Increased length and frequency of services were also identified as needs. The most common barriers to the accessibility of programs and services for Latino parents were language barriers and legal status. Other findings discussed focus on the programs and services that parents have found beneficial as well as the role social workers play in the accessibility and attainability of programs, services and resources.
6
Harris, Vanessa A. "Identifying the challenges of previously incarcerated mothers." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1335492121.
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Cupples, Balin Bede. "Holistic Athlete Development in Australian Rugby League: From a Better Understanding of Developmental Environments to Addressing Individual Challenges." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24288.
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Adopting Rugby League (RL) as a vehicle through which to examine Talent development (TD) processes, the current thesis aims to further the understanding of TD environments (TDEs) and their role in athlete development by examining a range of factors that influence TD. Utilising an ecological approach and acknowledging the complexity of TD, the current research incorporates a variety of methodological approaches interwoven into four separate but sequentially linked studies. These include: an initial retrospective design examining the behavioural developmental trajectories of 224 professional RL players; a mixed method and subsequent longitudinal analysis of ecological context ‘strengths’ of three anecdotally ‘effective’ school-based RL TDEs to triangulate ‘strengths’, explore perceived change and association between environment ‘processes’ and the individual psycho-behavioural ‘outcomes’; and a concluding quasi-experimental designed professional club embedded intervention promoting psychosocial and coping skill development to assist player transition. Overall findings highlight the value of multiple trajectories to expertise, the key role of the environment and looking beyond the quantity and quality of training to a more holistic approach to development. The strong influence of supportive cultures and the provision of resources to enhance individual abilities such as coping, self-regulation and self-evaluation to ensure any opportunities afforded are maximised were identified as important. Given TD is multifaceted, and expertise requires several years to achieve, findings may practically assist the efficiency of TD process, allocation of resources and provide broad implications that may assist the effectiveness of current TD practice for individuals and sports.
8
Gruenberg, Kevin. "Mentalization in DIR/Floortime| Facilitating reflective functioning in parents of children with developmental challenges." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3703391.
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<p> By highlighting the profound link between Greenspan and Wieder’s (2006) DIR/Floortime and Fonagy et al.’s (2002) mentalization theory, this comprehensive literature review makes more evident: 1) the wider applicability of DIR/Floortime to a range of conditions, not limited to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); 2) that parents are the primary mutative agent in their child’s life; 3) that ASD symptomology creates obstacles to the parents’ capacity to construct optimal social-emotional learning environments, which undermines parents’ unique growth promoting role; 4) parental trauma functions as a barrier to the implementation of DIR/Floortime; and lastly 5) the cultivation of parental mentalization, through attachment-based interventions, must be a central component of DIR/Floortime treatment. Additionally, this dissertation includes a summary of findings from interviews with five professionals with expertise in DIR/Floortime or mentalization-based therapy and who carefully utilize parent work in their clinical practice with children. </p>
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Ford, Jacqueline Yvonne. "Challenges of Child Trauma on Adoptive Families' Social and Emotional System." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/885.
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Adoption-focused psychoeducation is deemed essential in maintaining the permanency of traumatized children within a new family unit. However, adoptive parents of traumatized children struggle to find training to address their unique concerns. Guided by the lens of psychodynamic theory, the purpose of this study was to investigate the challenges faced by adoptive families of traumatized children. Special focus was placed on the social and emotional relationships of the adoptive parents of traumatized children, to identify the realistic expectations towards attachment from the families' perspectives. Fifteen families were randomly selected to participate in this study from a group of 30 parents who adopted traumatized children in Arizona. A phenomenological approach was utilized to gather information from face-to-face and telephone interviews. The data analysis utilized the horizontalization approach which highlighted significant statements that were classified into codes. Thematic categories were drawn and summarized. Textual descriptions evolved from the thematic groups acknowledging their experiences and how these lived experiences guided their decision to adopt a traumatized child. Verification techniques, data mining, journaling, clustering, brainstorming, and peer reviews were used to ensure the quality of data. Emergent themes emphasized the need for adoption-focused training specific to traumatized children. Further research on this phenomenon should determine the significance of specialized psychoeducational training versus general foster care training, before and after adoption. Positive social change may result in tailoring existing training programs to meet the needs of families who adopt traumatized children.
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Perrin, Randy Lee. "Socioeconomic Challenges in the Household and the Prevalence of Comorbidity Among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4552.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed childhood neurobehavioral disorder, is increasing annually at about 5% per year. ADHD has been diagnosed in approximately 6.4 billion children in the U.S., and it is estimated that 66% of those afflicted have 1 or more comorbid conditions. Children with ADHD are often from socioeconomically challenged households. What is unclear from the literature is the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), defined as education, employment, and income and the reporting of comorbidities with ADHD. The problem is that children with ADHD from low SES households may be reporting a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, which can lead to misdiagnosis, improper treatment, and greater financial burden for families and the public health system. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive, nonexperimental study was to examine the relationship between household SES and the reporting of a comorbidity (anxiety, depression, behavioral issues) in children with ADHD by analyzing secondary data from the National Survey of Children's Health (N = 99,677). Ecological systems theory guided this study which is based on the premise that individuals encounter many environments in their lives and these environments can impact health and well-being. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that parental education level, employment, and household income were significantly associated with the reporting of comorbidities for children with ADHD. This research may lead to positive social change by allowing resources to be allocated to low SES households of children with ADHD to decrease the number of children developing comorbid conditions.
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Al, Qassim Waheed. "An analysis of Bahrain's reform process, 1999-2005 : elite driven reform, developmental challenges, and strategic opportunities." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2596/.
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This study offers the first detailed analysis on the social, economic, and political elite driven reforms undertaken in the Kingdom of Bahrain by King Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa in the significant timeframe of 1999-2005. This era has witnessed the most fundamental changes in the country since the historic situation of 1973-75. Therefore, in accordance with the thesis' objectives, an original contribution is offered firstly through the detailed and micro level examination and analysis of the character of the reforms. Such analysis is largely absent from any scholarship on this topic. Secondly, it provides a comprehensive identification of the obstacles and challenges facing the implementation of future reforms and changes. The thesis focuses on a variety of differential factors within broad social, economic, political, and human rights spectrums. It provides an identification of policy relevant initiatives which would likely counter the obstacles to future reform. Here it is suffice to say that current policy relevant scholarship and indeed government practice may indicate that strategic vision exists but fails to appreciate that on a broad level there is an acute lack of detailed policy planning. This study shows how the lack of bureaucratic project management and analysis, at a bureaucratic agency level, on new initiatives is the overarching factor, which inhibits the successful advancement of reform for the future. Furthermore, attention is given to particular localised initiatives that also need to be undertaken. Finally, and most importantly, this thesis offers a new interpretation through a pragmatic analysis of this era of reform. Indeed, it offers a comprehensive understanding and meaning to the reforms and changes in Bahrain for scholarship in this field. Moreover, it builds on the existing body of scholarship on GCC states politics in particular and the Arab region in general, by showing the uniqueness of Bahrain and ultimately the need for a country specific solution to its existing barriers to future success.
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Mahlatsi, Lehlohonolo Kennedy. "Developmental mandate of district municipalities in the Free State : challenges in promoting environmental rights / Lehlohonolo Kennedy Mahlatsi." Thesis, North West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/12825.
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Promotion and existence of a clean environment is a sine qua non for sustained life
expectancy. The ushering in of the 1996 Constitution introduced a developmental local
government in terms of which the objects of local government include the provision of
services to communities in a sustainable manner, the promotion of social and economic
development, and a safe and healthy environment. These objects, together with the
provisions of Bill of Rights enjoin municipalities to promote socio-economic rights on,
amongst others, the environment. Realization of these rights, however, depends on the
extent to which local government co-operates with other spheres of government in
mutual trust and good faith. The scope of the study involved a theoretical exposition of Development Economics and environment; an analysis of the relationship between "environment" and sustainable development; a discourse on the relevance of local government in promoting environmental rights; an evaluation of the capacity and preparedness of District Municipalities in the Free State in promoting environmental rights as enshrined in the Constitution; and co-operative governance as a function in promoting environmental rights. For the purpose of the study the hypothesis was formulated that: the concurrency of jurisdiction and devolution between local government and other spheres of government on environmental issues are not properly managed and resourced to enable district municipalities in the Free State to discharge their environmental development mandate in a manner that is efficient, effective and economical. The study cuts across literature review on primary and secondary sources to an empirical survey that involved a study of lOP content of district municipalities, and a qualitative study with questionnaires on a significant sample population, together with a comparative study on two district municipalities outside the Free State. It was established, amongst others that: * The exclusion of environmental management as a function of district municipalities unnecessarily limits the scope of district municipalities to promote environmental rights; * Local government system puts district municipalities at the cutting edge of delivery of basic services on environmental issues; * There seems to be no direction as to how district municipalities can deal with environmental issues other than municipal health component; * A general lack of capacity and resources from national and provincial governments negatively impacts on the propensity of district municipalities to realize developmental mandate of promoting environmental rights. The study concludes with a set of recommendations for legislative overhaul and for management action in improving the state of environmental care. In addition, it unlocks opportunities for further research on the matter.<br>Ph.D., Public Management and Administration, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010
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DE, FABRITIIS PAOLA. "Brainless? With a good head on their shoulders! How children without corpus callosum take on developmental challenges." Bachelor's thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/36913.
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Studies on split-brain cases have helped elucidate a crucial role of the corpus callosum (CC), that is information transfer between the two cerebral hemispheres (Gazzaniga, 2000). Comparative psychology studies suggested that CC plays a role in the acquisition of hemispheric specialisation. The relation between information integration in higher cognitive functions and specialisation development has to be unravelled yet. The contribution of the corpus callosum (CC) to the development of cognitive functions and the concurrent hemispheric specialisation has been relatively neglected until recently.
This study examines the developmental trajectories in different domains in callosal agenesis (ACC), a pathology in which the corpus callosum (CC) is absent since birth. When ACC is isolated, children may develop normal intelligence. These extremely rare cases might help understand how the CC contributes to cognitive and linguistic functions epigenesis.
Differently from adult split-brains, ACC children can transfer simple tactile and visual information across hemispheres, attesting to neuronal plasticity. Nevertheless, in tasks demanding more of efficient callosal integration (e.g. BFA Banich, 1990), their performance appears quantitatively and qualitatively different from controls. ACC individuals show early motor coordination difficulties, and no patent language impairments in routine clinical tests. At later ages, simple motor coordination problems are overcome, but bimanual coordination difficulties are distinctively reported, alongside with clearer impairments in communication abilities.
While in childhood comprehension of language - literal and non-literal - is suboptimal, only in adolescence, metaphors and idioms comprehension, requiring fast inter-hemispheric integration of language skills, reveal frank difficulties.
A very similar developmental trajectory emerges from a double single case of complete AgCC, examined experimentally at 8 and 12 years of age. Extent and limits of neuronal plasticity in congenital absence of CC is discussed on the background of the Dennis’ and neuroconstructivist theories.
Post Scriptum.
As the present work concerns only two participants and other participants are about to be recruited, anybody interested in being updated should contact me at
P_de_fabritiis@yahoo.co.uk or pdefabritiis@hotmail.com,
Or the Italian Forum about AgCC: agenesiacorpocalloso@hotmail.it
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Tsatsire, Israel. "A critical analysis of challenges facing developmental local government : a case study of the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/778.
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This thesis investigates the challenges facing developmental local government in South Africa, using the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality as a reference. The thesis comprises eight chapters. The study is based on the assumption that the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, like other municipalities in South Africa, is confronted by numerous challenges in implementing its constitutional developmental mandate conferred on it by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act 108 of 1996. It is vital that local government understands and contextualises these challenges, so that appropriate interventions may be developed. The widespread recent service delivery protests which, in many instances, have turned violent, have sounded an alarm that cannot be ignored. If local government is already struggling to fulfill its traditional mandate of service delivery, then it would find it difficult to spearhead social and economic transformation and development. This study proposes to provide a brief historical background on the evolution and transformation of local government in South Africa. Issues such as the new status and developmental mandate of local government, the extent to which local government has succeeded in complying with its developmental mandate, as well as the challenges it has encountered along the way, will be addressed. Recommendations are presented on how the existing status quo can be changed to enhance service delivery and development and enable low government to fulfil its developmental role more efficient and effectively, with particular reference to the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality. The empirical survey and research methodology employed in the study is described. This is followed by the operationalisation of the survey questionnaire used for gathering the data needed for analysis. The research findings of the empirical survey are then statistically analysed and reported. The concept of models is introduced, and selected models are explained. This is followed by an explanation of the proposed normative model for monitoring and evaluating service delivery and development in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality, for possible replication in other South African municipalities. Various recommendations flowing from the results of the empirical study, namely the responses made by the respondents during the empirical survey, are proposed in the final chapter. If adopted, these recommendations will enable the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality to deal with the developmental challenges facing it, ultimately rendering the Municipality a more efficient and effective developmental agent.
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Lewis, Amy Lynne. "DEVELOPMENTAL ENGLISH PROFESSORS’ EXPERIENCES WITH LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS AT AN URBAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE: CHALLENGES, BENEFITS, AND OTHER PERCEPTIONS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/376112.
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Urban Education<br>Ph.D.<br>Universities and colleges are embracing and utilizing technology to a rapidly increasing extent, responding to its cost-effectiveness and efficiency as well as the regularity with which 21st century students rely upon it in their everyday lives. Chief amongst the technology used in higher education are Learning Management Systems (LMS), such as Blackboard, Sakai, and CANVAS. Urban community colleges have also embraced LMS, but with student bodies that often lack regular access to or extensive experience with using technology for socio-economic or generational reasons, the outcomes from using LMS can be very different to those experienced at four-year institutions that generally serve a more affluent, traditionally-aged demographic. In particular, students in developmental courses, or those courses designed for individuals who could not test into college-level courses, can be particularly challenged when it comes to using LMS in their studies as it is an additional component to which they must acculturate in higher education whilst attempting to rectify their skills deficiencies. For faculty teaching developmental students, this can raise the question of whether it is important to acclimate students to the technology they will be called upon to use in the 21st century classroom or whether the sole focus should be remediating students’ lacking academic skills. This qualitative, interpretivist, constructivist-activist/pragmatic study uses interviews with urban community college professors who use or reject the college’s LMS (i.e. CANVAS) to varying extents in their classrooms, non-participant observations of the course components those professors who use CANVAS post online, and course artifacts to examine and reflect upon professors’ experiences with employing or eschewing such technology with their students.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Rogan, Carrie. "Growth Within the Adjunct Faculty Role: An Interaction of Challenge, Support, and Context." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1512398012738022.
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Drotos, Stephanie M. "“Secret Ingredients” in Postsecondary Educational Attainment: Challenges Faced by Students Attending High Poverty High Schools." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299170270.
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Williams, C. L. (Catherine L. ). "The role of developmental challenges of adolescence in predicting treatment adherence and glycaemic control in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27922.
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There has been a significant amount of research investigating potential reasons for the
high rates of non-adherence and poor metabolic control amongst adolescence with insulin
dependent diabetes. Adolescence is a period where young people face a range of
developmental challenges, such as individuating from their family, conforming to their
peer group and dealing with their emerging sexuality and body image. While the
relevance of these has been discussed, to date, there has been limited empirical
investigation in diabetes of their impact on adolescents’ management and adjustment to
type 1 diabetes.
The major aims of this study were to examine the relationship between some of the major
developmental challenges of adolescence, adherence and psychopathology among a
group of adolescence with Type 1 Diabetes. Sixty-two adolescents with Type 1 diabetes
completed a series of questionnaires assessing eating attitudes, family support and fear of
negative evaluation, as well as their beliefs about diabetes and measures of anxiety and
depression. In addition, participants were asked to keep a diary of blood sugar level
readings and their responses to these over seven consecutive days. Glycaemic control was
assessed using HbA1c levels at baseline and three months later.
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Hardie, Julie Christine. "New Opportunities or difficult challenges? Self-regulation of learning in Chinese students in a western university setting." Thesis, University of Canterbury. UCTL - University Centre for Teaching & Learning, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3392.
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International students often desire to study overseas and many countries, including New Zealand, welcome them into their schools and universities. Students from Mainland China, one of the most populous countries in the world and, until quite recently closed to the rest of the world, have, in the past few years, made up the large majority of those who come to New Zealand to study. Those wishing to enter university after completing high school in China must acquire a specified level of English and successfully complete a two semester long Foundation Studies course, before being eligible for undergraduate study. Research into independent or self-regulated learning has shown that Western (mainly American) students are much more successful academically and enjoy their studies more if they are willing and able to self-regulate their learning. This research has occurred mostly in Western settings with Western participants. The present research using a mixed methods approach aimed to examine the self-regulated learning, epistemological beliefs, demographic factors and personality traits of Mainland Chinese students studying in the Foundation Studies course and to determine whether any of these factors appeared to have any appreciable effect on their experiences in the course and on their final outcomes. The research found that while no one specific factor seemed to determine experiences and outcomes, it would appear that personality characteristics of face, optimism and other Dependability scores may mediate factors such as ability (measured by grades), length of time in the country, self-regulated learning and motivational strategies (such as organisation, time management, effort regulation and self-efficacy), and previous independent learning to influence these experiences and outcomes. While it appears that the North American theory of self-regulated learning is applicable to these students, it seems that cultural beliefs may affect which self-regulatory factor is most salient in their academic outcomes. Further research would be valuable to clarify these differences.
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Wan, Lin [Verfasser]. "Dealing with wandering in dementia care : a developmental story of designing a GPS monitoring system and its challenges in a wider context / Lin Wan." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1182681476/34.
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Bailey, Beth A., David Wood, Andrea Clements, et al. "Polydrug Use and Other Risk Factors Among Women Receiving MAT During Pregnancy: Challenges for Research on Health and Developmental Effects in Infancy and Beyond." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7665.
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Alrumayh, Ziyad. "Use of a Daily Behavior Report Card and Response Dependent Fading to Increase and Maintain Academic Engagement in an Elementary Student with Developmental Delay." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3514.
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The initial and maintenance effects of a Daily Behavior Report Card (DBRC) intervention and fading procedure on Academic Engaged Time (AET) of a 6-year-old boy with Developmental Delay and Attention Deficits were evaluated with a reversal design. Following an initial baseline, the DBRC was implemented and then completely removed followed by reapplication of the DBRC. Subsequently, the report card was gradually reduced in the frequency of its use from very daily to every other day. Increased AET reliably varied with the application and then removal of the DBRC. Whereas complete removal of the DBRC resulted in substantial decreases in AET, response dependent fading of the card was associated with AET of 80% or above. Teacher intervention ratings demonstrated social validity of the intervention in terms of its effectiveness, acceptability and efficiency. Research and practical issues are discussed.
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Bailey, B., David Wood, Andrea Clements, et al. "Poly-drug Use and Other Risk Factors Among Women Receiving MAT During Pregnancy: Challenges for Research on Health and Developmental Effects in Infancy and Beyond." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1816.
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Tšeole, Molise Paul. "Performance management systems implementation challenges in South African municipalities :|bthe case of Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality / M.P. Tšeole." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9709.
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In the accomplishment of good governance South African municipalities need to develop measurable objectives related to performance measures and targets that capture strategically important aspects of performance. This allows performance to be easily monitored and aligned with municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs).
Performance information should be used in conjunction with strategic planning, budgeting, policy analysis and evaluations, organisational reviews and performance appraisals for the managers. This is necessary in order to improve performance and for assuring the public that they are receiving value for money.
A Performance Management System (PMS) is the principal management mechanism intended to determine outcomes and impact of municipal service delivery on the communities they are commissioned by legislation to service. The PMS measures should always be relevant, meaningful and informative to political and administrative decision-makers. The data gathered from the PMS should be presented in a balanced, comprehensive and credible manner.
The aim of this study is to analyse the challenges that influence the implementation of the local government PMS in the Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality. The analysis entails identifying the challenges, evaluating them and then suggesting possible solutions to the challenges.<br>Thesis (M. Development and Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Jackson, Douglene. "A Mixed Method Study of Diagnostic and Adaptive Functioning Challenges in African American Preschool-Aged Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1851.
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Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are known to experience performance and participation challenges, with early diagnosis being critical for improved outcomes. Children from ethnic minority backgrounds tend to receive their diagnoses later, even when symptomatology is similar. This mixed methods study explored symptom severity, functional difficulties, and age at diagnosis for ASD and to describe the functional challenges encountered by preschool-aged children with ASD of African American descent. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health along with the Model of Human Occupation were the theories used for this study to conceptualize functional challenges and other potential factors. Research questions addressed symptom severity, degree of functional challenges, and age of diagnosis, and to gather family perspectives regarding functional challenges for preschool-aged children of African American descent. Data consisted of subpopulation responses from the 2009-2010 National Survey for Children with Special Healthcare Needs (N = 224) and locally-conducted interviews with parents (N = 3). No significant relationships were found using general linear model between age at diagnosis and symptom severity or degree of functional challenges. Qualitative themes included the diagnosis process, routines and transitions, communication, family and home environment, and school and community environments. Educators and health care providers need to enhance screening for early signs of ASD and consider racial and cultural implications related to performance and participation challenges. Social change implications include the development of effective and targeted awareness campaigns and improved diagnostic and intervention services for children with ASD from minority backgrounds and their families.
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Herrmann-Pillath, Carsten Li Kai Pan Jiancheng. "Developmental Challenges to Small and Medium Scale Industrial Enterprises in the Peoples Republic of China: Results of a 2001 National Sample Survey - Duisburger Papiere zur Ostasienwirtschaft ; 63 (2002)." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2003. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-05062003-084940/.
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The report summarizes the main results of the SME research that has been conducted in the framework of the Sino-German Cooperation Program in Empirical Economic Research, with the ifo Institute, Germany as the core unit to provide methodological support. The program focused on business cycle analysis and structural analysis of SME development in China. The SME survey was based on a representative sample with a two-stage samplib procedure on a national scale (1600 enterprises), and consisted of four special surveys on finance, supply and marketing, human resources and innovation. Main insights are the clear diagnosis of financial repression and discrimination against SME and a very serious lack of technical expertise in Chinese SME.
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Alrumayh, Ziyad, James Fox, Tina M. Hudson, and Sara Beth Hitt. "Use of the Daily Behavior Report Card and Response Dependent Fading to Increase Academic Engagement and Reduce Behavior Challenges in an Elementary Student With Developmental Delay and Attention Deficits: Initial Effects, Maintenance, and Social Validity." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4170.
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Daily Behavior Report Card effects on Academic Engaged Time of a 6 year-old boy with Developmental Delay and attention deficits were evaluated with a reversal design. Increased AET was maintained at normative levels during DBRC response dependent fading. Teacher intervention ratings demonstrated social validity. Research and practical issues are discussed
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Raei, Mohammed. "Development and Validation of the Adaptive Leadership with Authority Scale." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch153684122004308.
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Yuen, Miu-chun Christine, and 袁妙珍. "The challenge of conservation, development and sustainable developmentin Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260172.
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Botha, Johannes Rudolf. "Xenophobia conflict in De Doorns; a development communication challenge for developmental local government." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20094.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Xenophobic hostility is not an unfamiliar concept – it is practiced all over the world, also in
South Africa. Defined by the South African Human Rights Commission (SAHRC) as a
deep dislike of non-nationals by nationals of a recipient state, it constitutes a violation of
the human rights of a targeted group, threatening the very principals upon which the young
democracy is modelled on. What distinguishes xenophobia in South Africa from the rest of
the world is its violent manifestation. In this country xenophobia is more than just an
attitude, it is a violent practise, fuelled by racism, intolerance, ignorance and incapacity to
deliver on developmental expectations.
The 2008 xenophobic attacks in major centres in South Africa stunned the local and
international communities, causing researchers to rush in search of answers. Just as the
furore turned into complacency, on 17 November 2009, 3000 Zimbabwean citizens living
in the rural community of De Doorns in the Western Cape were displaced as a result of
xenophobic violence. Reasons for the attacks vary, with some blaming the contestation for
scarce resources, others attribute it to the country’s violent past, inadequate service
delivery and the influence of micro politics in townships.
In assessing the reasons for the attacks the study claims that the third tier of government
in terms of its Constitutional developmental mandate fails to properly engage with
communities on their basic needs; that its inability to live up to post-apartheid expectations
triggers frustration into violent xenophobic action. The De Doorns case offers valuable
insight into the nature and scope of the phenomenon in rural areas, highlighting local
government’s community participation efforts in exercising its developmental responsibility
and dealing with the issue of xenophobia.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Xenofobie is nie ’n onbekende verskynsel nie, dit kom reg oor die wêreld, ook in Suid-
Afrika voor. Gedefinieer deur die Suid Afrikaanse Menseregte Kommissie as ’n diep
gesetelde afkeur aan vreemdelinge deur die inwoners van ’n gasheer land,
verteenwoordig dit ’n skending van menseregte en hou dit ’n bedreiging vir die jong
demokrasie in. Xenofobie in Suid-Afrika word gekenmerk deur die geweldadige aard
daarvan. Hier verteenwoordig dit meer as ’n ingesteltheid, dit is ’n geweldadige uiting van
gevoelens, aangespoor deur, rassisme, onverdraagsaamheid, onverskilligheid en die
onvermoë om aan ontwikkelings-verwagtinge te voldoen.
Die 2008 xenofobiese aanvalle in die stedelike gebiede van Suid-Afrika het die land en die
wêreld diep geraak en ’n soeke na oplossings ontketen. Op 14 November 2009 word die
gerustheid na die 2008 woede erg versteur toe 3 000 Zimbabwiërs in De Doorns in die
Wes-Kaap deur xenofobiese geweld ontheem is. Redes wat aangevoer word wissel vanaf
mededinging vir werksgeleenthede tot die land se geweldadige verlede, onvoldoende
dienslewering en die invloed van mikro politiek in woonbuurte.
Met die oorweging van redes vir die aanvalle maak die studie daarop aanspraak dat die
derde vlak van regering in terme van sy Konstitusionele ontwikkelings-mandaad gefaal het
om na behore met die gemeenskappe rondom hul behoeftes te skakel, dat die regering se
onvermoë om aan die post-apartheid verwagtinge te voldoen frustrasie in xenofobiese
geweld laat oorgaan het. Die De Doorns geval bied waardevolle insig in die aard en
omvang van xenofobiese geweld in landelike gebiede en lê klem die plaaslike regering se
hantering van openbare deelname in terme van sy ontwikkelings verpligtinge.
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Ільяшенко, Анастасія, and Anastasiia Ilyashenko. "Global challenges in the system of international economic relations." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/43560.
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Abstracts are devoted to the study of global challenges of the 21st century. Now, the question arises of international cooperation and interaction in times of crisis that affect the economic capacity of individual countries, regions and the whole world. It would seem that under the influence of globalization processes all the countries of the world should establish channels of cooperation and become competitive. But since 2020, there has been an increasing need for new solutions to global problems and for new approaches to deal with critical situations.
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DICKHUT, LENA. "BUSINESS CASE DEVELOPMENT : CATEGORIZATION AND CHALLENGES." Thesis, KTH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199203.
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Every new product launching industrial company faces the difficulties of forecasting future success or failure of a new product before launch. Before launch it is common to develop a business case in order to estimate future quantities and set prices. In the present paper the challenges of developing a standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company are presented. Few academic studies have been conducted on the challenges and complexities of developing business cases. The research question under which this study is done is: What are the challenges associated with developing an effective standardized business case tool for a large industrial construction and mining company? Due to the different subject areas of the business case for new product launch, the challenges are categorized by topics developed by the researcher in the course of this project: process and team, data gathering and validation, quantity forecast and price forecast. The main challenges found in these categories by the researcher are: finding and motivating experts for the project of developing a standardized business case, gathering and selecting all data necessary without including redundant data, ensuring that different potential new products can be forecasted and designing the price forecast to be profit-maximizing. Solutions to these challenges are provided in the context of a case company by using methods suggested by the academic literature and the evaluation of expert interviews inside the case company
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Lindström, Gustav. "The Challenges of adopting DevOps." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264179.
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In traditional Software Development Life Cycle, medium and large organizations tend to divide the activities of Operations and Development into separate departments. These groups often have a troublesome relationship because of different incentives during the software delivery process. As a result, conflicts occur between development and operations personnel as they blame each other to be the cause of long lead times and inefficient software delivery processes. The concept of DevOps emerged trying to resolve the problem that arises when separating the work of Development and Operations into organizational silos. The term DevOps is a combination of the abbreviations of Development (Dev) and Operations (Ops). DevOps aim to create a coalition that spans between Development (software developers and quality assurance) and Operation (experts responsible to roll out software to production and managing the infrastructure, e.g. system, network and database administrators and technicians). The idea is to increase the speed of the software delivery process and to quickly solve critical issues, enable organizations to better serve their customers. DevOps means that development teams who previously were solely responsible for the development of their applications now have to manage and govern both development and operational responsibilities. Thus, the adoption of DevOps might introduce new type of challenges and implications for the traditional development teams. Current literature and research about DevOps focus mainly on the challenges that DevOps attempts to overcome. There is a lack of literature on the challenges that practitioners encounter during the adoption of DevOps. As more organizations and companies tend to adopt the concept of DevOps, it increases the need to understand potential challenges and effects of adopting DevOps. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the challenges that development teams encounter during the adoption of DevOps. This research was conducted by an inductive research approach through a single qualitative case study, with the use of semi-structured interviews. In total, four main challenges and fourteen sub-challenges were identified in this study. The four main challenges identified was, lack of awareness, lack of support for DevOps, implementing DevOps technology and adapting organizational processes to DevOps. This study concludes that the adoption of DevOps has a profound impact on the role of a software developer, and that the traditional role of a software developer needs to be evolved. The research provides four recommendations and means to overcome the challenges identified in this research, establishing common ways of working and spreading the knowledge, building commitment and trust by smarter seating, allocate time and resources to transition and trying out with one team and one application.<br>I traditionell livscykel för mjukvaruutveckling tenderar medelstora och stora organisationer att dela upp verksamheten i drift och utveckling i separata avdelningar. Dessa grupper har ofta en besvärlig relation på grund av olika incitament under mjukvaruleveransprocessen. Som ett resultat uppstår konflikter mellan utvecklings- och driftpersonal eftersom de beskyller varandra för att vara orsaken till långa ledtider och ineffektiva mjukvaruleveransprocesser. Konceptet DevOps uppstod för att försöka lösa det problem som uppstår när man separerar utveckling och drift i organisationella silosar. Termen DevOps är en kombination av förkortningarna för utveckling (Dev) och drift (Ops). DevOps syftar till att skapa en koalition som sträcker sig mellan utveckling (mjukvaruutvecklare och kvalitetssäkring) och drift (system-, nätverks- och databasadministratörer och tekniker). Idén är att öka hastigheten av mjukvaruleveranser och att snabbt lösa kritiska problem för att förbättra organisationens förmåga att betjäna sina kunder. DevOps innebär att utvecklingsgrupper som tidigare enbart ansvarade för utvecklingen av sina applikationer nu även har driftansvar. Således kan antagandet av DevOps introducera nya typer av utmaningar och konsekvenser för de traditionella utvecklingsgrupperna. Aktuell litteratur och forskning kring DevOps fokuserar främst på de utmaningar som DevOps försöker övervinna. Därav finns det brist på litteratur kring de utmaningar som utövare stöter på under antagandet av DevOps. Eftersom fler organisationer och företag tenderar att adoptera begreppet DevOps ökar behovet av att förstå potentiella utmaningar och effekter av att anta DevOps. Därav är syftet med denna studie att undersöka de utmaningar som utvecklingsgrupper bemöter under antagandet av DevOps. Denna forskning utfördes genom en induktiv forskningsinriktning, en kvalitativ fallstudie och datainsamling genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer. Totalt identifierades fyra huvudutmaningar och fjorton sub utmaningar i denna studie. De fyra huvudsakliga utmaningar som identifierades var, brist på medvetenhet, brist på stöd för DevOps, implementering av DevOps-teknik och anpassning av organisationsprocesser till DevOps. Den här studien drar slutsatsen att antagandet av DevOps har en djupgående inverkan på rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare och att den traditionella rollen som en mjukvaruutvecklare behöver utvecklas. Studien ger fyra rekommendationer och medel för att övervinna de utmaningar som identifierats, etablering av gemensamma sätt att arbeta och sprida kunskapen, bygga upp engagemang och förtroende genom smartare sittplatser, fördela tid och resurser till övergången samt prova med ett lag och en applikation.
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Roza, Mafalda Correia Larroudé Trigo da. "Mozambikes – The challenges of growth." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11610.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics<br>Mozambikes is a Mozambican social enterprise founded in 2009, whose mission is to
“transform the lives of rural Mozambicans by providing higher quality bicycles at low
market prices throughout the country.”1 The idea of Mozambikes resulted from a roadtrip,
in which Lauren and Rui came across many rural Mozambicans walking and carrying
heavy burdens on foot. They realized that bicycles would provide a quicker and safer way to reach the cities and improve their standard of living. The co-founders have therefore designed an innovative business model that allows them to accomplish their mission. In December 2011 the first order was dispatched and since then the social enterprise has gained recognition and has created three new business models, different from the initial one, in order to achieve a wider range of customers. At the end of 2012, 1,000 bicycles had been sold. During the next 6 years the co-founders want to expand in order to better achieve Mozambikes’ mission, producing 25,000 bicycles per year. To do this, they need
to develop a strategic plan towards a scaling up process.
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Olausson, Daniel. "Facing interface challenges in complex product development." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Projekt, innovationer och entreprenörskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51883.
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The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to New Product Development-literature by expanding the analysis of the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development in three areas, i.e. the outsourcing of manufacturing, uncertainty and time-criticality, and field service. The thesis focuses on interface challenges and solutions which concern three questions: How does the level of outsourcing of manufacturing affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the presence of uncertainty and time-criticality affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? How does the need to consider field service requirements affect the management of the R&Dmanufacturing interface in complex product development? The background and point of departure is the realization that there are three areas which influence the management of the important, dynamic interface between R&D and manufacturing. First, the level of outsourcing of manufacturing is increasing in many industries, which makes it even more demanding to manage the R&D-manufacturing interface in complex product development. Second, complex product development may also be characterized by uncertainty and time-criticality, and previous research indicates that these factors need to be handled differently. Third, it is increasingly important to consider not only R&D and manufacturing, but also field service requirements. The research methodology rests on a multiple case study approach where the main case used in this thesis is an extreme case in terms of uncertainty, R&D intensity and volume levels, i.e. Micronic Laser Systems. The main findings of the thesis revolve around the identification of the challenges and solutions involved in complex product development. Based on five research papers, the thesis identifies challenges associated with each of the three research questions, and all challenges identified revolve around how to identify and understand conflicting requirements, to establish an understanding of changing prerequisites and their implications, and to ensure active involvement and a certain degree of competence overlap between organizational functions (internal as well as external). The solutions identified for handling these challenges have one thing in common, namely a focus on achieving controlled responsiveness and flexibility based on an understanding of tradeoffs, interaction, and informed decision-making. These solutions differ from those prescribed in conventional product development literature which tends to focus on upfront planning techniques and how to follow plans. The findings may be of value to a variety of managers in different environments, in particular for project managers who are involved in complex product development. The main reason is that this kind of product development exhibits challenges and solutions different from those described in conventional literature on new product development, at least in cases where there is some degree of uncertainty.
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Shahriyari, Salman. "Distributed Agile Development; Suitability, Challenges and Practices." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17340.
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Uncertainty in software development and business environment and the need to increase thespeed of development have driven organizations to search for methods that are responsive toboth change and speed. Providing iterative development, agile development involvescustomers and users through different phases of development, and delivers frequent releasesof software to customer while receives the corresponding feedback. Using this approach, agiledevelopment thus aims at addressing mentioned issues of speed and uncertainty whiledeveloping only what customer needs from the beginning of the project. On the other hand,distributed software development is used in many organizations to reach global talent andglobal market. The problems associated with distributed software development such as lack ofenough communication and team coherency, have forced project managers to combine it withagile to mitigate these social problems. This study focuses on distributed agile development,its suitability for a typical project and its challenges and deficiencies. Text analysis andinterviews using qualitative methods are used in this scientific research work. From thetheoretical view point, different text covering agile methodology, distributed development andcombination of them were considered. This study covered two parts: first, an evaluation ofagile and distributed development opportunities and problems to help determine whether ornot distributed development is suitable for a project and second, considering the challengesonce starting to use this method and practices required to regard them. For the empirical part,the focus was put on Volvo IT employees by having seven interviews with members who arecurrently active in distributed agile development. These interviews were used to compare andverify the finding of the theoretical part. The results of the study were categorized into twosections. In the first part, important elements required to verify the suitability of using thismethod are provided. The recommended factors for this evaluation are cost, productivity,customer, team structure, etc. In the second part, the challenges of using distributed agiledevelopment were categorized into four parts: (a) challenges of selected agile method, whichthe focus in this study is Scrum, (b) challenges with time-zone differences, (c) communicationchallenges and (d) finally team building challenges. The required practices to address thesechallenges were also provided.<br>Program: Masterutbildning i Informatik
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Yeung, Louise H. (Louise Ho-Yee). "Challenges in implementing green workforce development training." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81154.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-47).<br>To meet the labor demands of green economic development, workforce development programs are increasingly training low-income workers for living wage jobs that contribute to environmental services or benefits. Yet, effectively preparing workers for jobs in emergent green economies, which can span many different sectors from energy efficiency to waste management, presents significant challenges for job training programs in practice. This thesis investigates the difficulties of adding a green dimension to job training while still meeting the basic employment objectives of workforce development programs. Through the experiences of the Oakland Green Jobs Corps and the Baltimore Center for Green Careers (BCGC), I analyze the mechanisms through which each program has influenced labor supply and demand to enable jobs in the green economy. Ultimately, the two cases highlight the tradeoffs between achieving green objectives and securing employment for disadvantaged workers at scale. In shedding light on how and why different programmatic decisions have influenced performance outcomes, this thesis aims to inform other cities' decisions in developing green jobs training initiatives.<br>by Louise H. Yeung.<br>M.C.P.
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Theußl, Stefan, Uwe Ligges, and Kurt Hornik. "Prospects and Challenges in R Package Development." Institute for Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/866/1/document.pdf.
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R, a software package for statistical computing and graphics, has evolved into the lingua franca of (computational) statistics. One of the cornerstones of R's success is the decentralized and modularized way of creating software using a multi-tiered development model: The R Development Core Team provides the "base system", which delivers basic statistical functionality, and many other developers contribute code in the form of extensions in a standardized format via so-called packages. In order to be accessible by a broader audience, packages are made available via standardized source code repositories. To support such a loosely coupled development model, repositories should be able to verify that the provided packages meet certain formal quality criteria and "work": both relative to the development of the base R system as well as with other packages (interoperability). However, established quality assurance systems and collaborative infrastructures typically face several challenges, some of which we will discuss in this paper.<br>Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Mabena, Christinah Sibongile. "Terminology development in isiNdebele : challenges and solutions." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/76366.
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Terminology development plays a significant role in the development of a language. IsiNdebele, as a South African language in its developmental stages, has been the focus of a great deal of attention since the dawning of South Africa’s new democracy. Consequently, the process of creating new terms for isiNdebele in a variety of fields, such as economics, science, health, law and information technology is currently underway.
Successful terminology development is dependent on the stakeholders identified and on their knowledge of term-formation strategies. Among the stakeholders contributing to the expansion of isiNdebele terminology are lexicographers and language practitioners, as well as representatives of government departments such as the Department of Arts and Culture and the Department of Basic Education and Training. It must be taken into consideration that most of those who have been involved so far are not well equipped as regards term formation strategies.
A small case study indicates that term formation strategies such as paraphrasing, transliteration, neologism, the compounding of words and semantic transfer were used. Paraphrasing was a frequently used strategy, followed by transliteration. From the outcomes, it was concluded that more workshops on term formation strategies should be held so as to equip isiNdebele collaborators with the knowledge necessary for the formation of terms. In future, a larger sample in should be considered in order to understand why other strategies were not that productively used in the formation of the terms considered, as well as investigating possible alternative strategies that could be utilized<br>Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>African Languages<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Siemens, Lynne Marie. "Rural businesses on Vancouver Island : challenges and opportunities." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1840.
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Many rural areas are undergoing structural changes as jobs in forestry, fishing, mining, agricultural and other natural resource-based industries decline. These communities, often based around these industries, are generally small and located some distance from urban areas. They are faced with decreasing population as residents and their families leave for jobs elsewhere. As a result, the communities and residents are looking for alternative ways to create employment and sustain themselves. Given the nature of these rural locations, many small businesses based there face challenges that are not generally experienced by enterprises in urban areas. Some communities are not accessible by paved road while others are not accessible by road at all, relying instead on water and air transportation. The business people in these areas often operate without standard business infrastructure, which can include telephone lines, broadband Internet, banking services and other items, and can have difficulty accessing supplies, customers, employees and other required materials. However, there has been relatively little research on the challenges facing rural businesses and the specific methods by which these owners mitigate these challenges. Understanding and addressing the challenges faced by these businesses becomes important in order to support and encourage economic growth and development in these rural communities. Building on this context, this research looks to answer the following questions: • Why do people start businesses in rural locations? • What type of businesses do they start? • What challenges do these rural businesses face? • How do owners respond to these challenges? Vancouver Island and the surrounding smaller islands in British Columbia, Canada serve as the research site. Given the exploratory nature of this research, an inductive approach has been selected with the use of case studies, interviews and grounded theory analysis. Purposeful sampling is used with the sample businesses meeting specific criteria, based on location, business size and definition of success. These businesses are interviewed at their locations to allow the researcher to experience the challenges associated with accessing the particular rural community. The interview topics are focused on the above research questions. There are several common characteristics among the sample owners and their businesses. The owners tend to be in-migrants who moved to the rural area for lifestyle reasons. They have started their business to provide an income, take advantage of a business opportunity, or both. Family members, particularly spouses, are actively involved in the business. In many cases, participants supplement their business income with other income sources to ensure business viability. Success is measured generally by personal and lifestyle goals, rather than financial criteria. The businesses face common challenges in terms of a limited local population base which impacts on market size and labour pool, rural location and access to urban centres, gaps in business and social services infrastructure and heavy time demands. The owners respond to these challenges in a variety of ways which includes the involvement of family, core business diversification, alternative income sources, long hours invested in the business and involvement with the community. To meet these challenges and devise their responses, the owners draw upon four key resources – their own skills and attitudes, their family, business and community. The resulting conceptual framework draws together these key resources and suggests that all four must be present to ensure success within a rural context. Each resource is comprised of several components which contribute to business success. The framework also integrates several resource-based theories, which consider the key resources either separately or in pairs, to create a holistic model. The conclusions focus on several key areas. This research contributes to the knowledge base on rural small businesses by creating a framework that draws directly from the experience of these owners and their objectives and motivations for their businesses. It reflects their internal focus and a concentration of the four resources that they access easily from within their domain. This research also suggests some possible roles for government which focus on its role in shaping the larger environment, particularly at the infrastructure level and human capital development. Finally, future research directions are recommended. This study considers a relatively unexplored topic and suggests ways for rural small businesses to address the challenges which they face. With this knowledge, individuals, businesses, communities and other interested organizations can work to achieve their economic development goals.
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Kanane, Aahd. "Challenges related to the adoption of Scrum." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90159.
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Software development projects took an important turn after the emergence of agilesoftware development methods. Indeed, this kind of projects has always been managed in atraditional way that requires an elaborate effort of planning. A way considered as inflexibleand that goes against the constantly changing and hardly predictable nature of softwaredevelopment projects. Agility offers more flexibility as far as requirements and changemanagement are concerned. In this study, the focus is placed on one of the most popularagile software development methods, namely Scrum. It investigates the challenges relatedto the adoption of Scrum, and for this the case of a company operating in the financial ITsector and that has been using Scrum for 5 years is examined. This case displays that thenature of Scrum makes that there is not a single way of adopting it. Adopting Scrum ismore a process of continuous adaptation and improvement, therefore facing challenges isan inseparable part of this process.
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Ferreira, Carlos. "Biodiversity offset markets : current challenges and prospective developments." Thesis, Coventry University, 2014. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/95462227-6977-437d-afae-05150ecea809/1.
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In 2012, the British government offered its support to the start of six biodiversity offsetting pilots. In doing so, Britain became one of over 30 countries where biodiversity offsets are used worldwide. However, despite the increasing importance of these mechanisms of environmental conservation, research on the conditions for emergence and success of biodiversity offsetting markets remains scarce.
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Lussier, Kattie. "The Learning Challenges of Capacity Development in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487895.
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In recent years, the concept of capacity development (CD) has gained ascendancy in development programmes. However, the understandings and practices of CD vary considerably. Moreover, the learning dimension of processes utilised to develop capacities is often under-explored. This thesis critically examines the CD discourses and practices taking place in Thua Thien Hue province i.n Vietnam. Specifically, it explores the relationships between adult Iearning and CD,· as perceived and defined by Vietnamese stakeholders. The research looks at the forms and understandings of CD taking place, the challenges they represent and the activities that are perceived to contribute to change. By doing so, it hopes to bring the perspectives of actors whose voices are seldom heard in the CD discourse to the fore, and to help narrow the perceived ,gap between understandings and practices of CD. It also aims to contribute to the growing body of t~eory around CD processes and approaches. Using an approach inspired by grounded theory, the research has identified three main learning challenges regularly faced by people involved in CD. These are: applying and transferring knowledge, skills and attitudes; engaging learners; and dealing with different mindsets and interests. These challenges, as well as other cross-cutting ones, influence each other in a systemic manner and add to the complexity of the processes aiming to develop capacities for development. In order to explore these challenges, the thesis looks at four approaches to CD: the farmer field school, the training and model approach, training of trainers and action based education. It inquires, in a particular context, into the ways these approaches deal with challenges and identifies proc~sses that appear to address them. Finally, .the thesis draws together a range of theoretical components from different fields ~ particularly that of adult learning - in an attempt to make sense of what can be done to reconcile CD practices and discourses. in the research area, while also providing evidence to advance global discussion on the relationships between CD, learning and qhange.
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Qureshi, Naima. "Professional development of teacher educators : challenges and opportunities." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2016. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79421/.
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This study examines the challenges and opportunities for the professional development of teacher educators in a leading teacher education university in Pakistan. It underpins the participatory and sociocultural perspectives of learning to gain insight into teacher educators’ learning. This research deployed a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach, using questionnaires followed by semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with teacher educators, heads of the departments, campus principals and higher management personnel. The study highlights the fact that the teacher educators do not have any formal permanent system of professional development. The findings further reveal the diverse professional characteristics of teacher educators in terms of experience in teaching, research and professional qualifications, which lead to varied learning experiences and professional challenges to teacher educators in their respective roles. Beginner teacher educators with no professional qualification and inadequate teaching and research experience face more challenges in meeting the demands of the higher education settings. Teaching appears to be the major professional role of teacher educators in comparisons to curriculum design, mentoring or engagement in research. This study raises a number of issues regarding professional adequacy and entry requirements of teacher educators, as well as the status of the field of teacher education in Pakistan. A key finding of this study is the contested context of the University as a workplace, which inhibited the professional relationship of teacher educators. This resulted in a balkanized culture, which challenged the learning of teacher educators. In addition, inequitable and insufficient access to resources, lack of professional support from management and excessive workloads limited the opportunities for learning. The study also highlights the fact that teacher educators are relying more on peer and self-learning. However, peer-learning was not evenly observed across all campuses. This research improves our understanding of Community of Practice showing that the concept needs to consider power, culture and disentangle the relationship between working conditions and learning. It also gives insight to the conceptualization of workplace affordances by seeing that such affordances are both personal and institutional. In terms of looking at Eraut’s ideas of informal learning, this research adds to our understanding that it is not just learning and contextual factors (institutional factors) which affect the learning of the individuals but also their professional context. In this research, professional context includes professional experiences (teacher educators’ repertoires in teaching and research), qualifications, their differentiated roles and positions. By doing so the research has added to the discourse of informal learning and provides an empirical study in the field of teacher education. In addition, this research provides deeper insight of teacher educators’ learning, and can assist in designing and strengthening the professional development opportunities for teacher educators in Pakistan.
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Yin, Yuhong. "Geographically Distributed Development : trends, challenges and best practices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42373.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, February 2007.<br>"January 2007."<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-103).<br>Economic and market forces as well as technological progress emerging throughout the last decade signifies the Geographically Distributed Development (GDD) or Global Software Development (GSD) as a software industry norm or necessity that is receiving considerable interest from companies all over the world. This thesis clarifies the terms used in distributed development practice, studies the status, key business drivers and major challenges of GDD or GSD, and then proposes a revised six-force framework to leverage the capabilities of geographically distributed development model. The proposed framework covers both the strategic and tactic aspects of investing and managing a global project team, including Strategic Vision and Management Skills, Organizational Structure and Team Building, Collaborative Technologies, Development Methodology and Software Life-Cycle Management in planning and managing distributed project and leveraging global teams. This thesis uses a case study to validate the challenges and concerns identified and to conclude that many problems in geographically distributed development can be overcome to enable companies to systematically harness the potential of this development model.<br>by Yuhong Yin.<br>S.M.
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Khong, Daniel. "Urban development partnerships challenges for leadership and management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65783.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-68).<br>'Partnership' is a term which is used very liberally in the context of large scale urban development. Mixed-use, brownfield projects, transit-oriented development, urban regeneration: all these projects require partnerships of a sort. This thesis reviews definitions of partnership and outlines benefits and shortcomings. In addition, managerial tools, group work processes, and leadership strategies are discussed with a view to understanding what the most effective approaches are to working in partnership. Managing consensus across organization boundaries and over long project durations is difficult. Indeed, it is arguably an amplification of dealing with the internal workings of a multi-disciplinary company. Approaches differ from building collaborative cultures, focusing on formal structures, and strengthening social and political networks. In reality, all three are always at play. However, circumstances, culture, and personal leadership preferences, will contribute to why one strategy might dominate in a given situation. The thesis finds that partnership in urban development is a reality which no sector has the luxury of avoiding. However, it may be possible to increase the scope and benefits of partnership, particularly in the making of great urban places. To do so will involve rethinking this mode of working to extend the breadth of activities. It will involve a broader range of partners representing a greater variety of interests and bringing wider capabilities. Inevitably, this will add further complexity. In order to assist leaders and managers in the middle of such contexts, a managerial framework has been developed. It is both a diagnostic and strategic tool to deal with the integration challenges, political and cultural dynamics of partnership situations.<br>by Daniel Khong.<br>M.B.A.
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Kovacs, L. "Prudential challenges in financial infrastructure development in Hungary." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59013.
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Financial infrastructure development needs are determined by infor-mation technology development and changes in financial and business needs. Accordingly, a need for completely new systems and regulatory frameworks emerges every ten to fifteen years. The payments and settlements framework is provided by BIS recommendations, including the relevant CPSS publications and the Principles for Financial Market Infrastructures report published in 2011. Efficiency is the ultimate driving force for development and this holds true for the project for intraday settlements in Hungary. The most tangible change in this respect is standardisation, now a basic requirement both nationally and internationally. Adoption of the BIS recommendations will result in efficiency improvement in payment services also in countries outside the eurozone, thereby promoting economic development and international relations.
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Zharova, L. V., and N. V. Eremeeva. "Indicators of sustainable development: contemporary trends and challenges." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/48806.
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Indicators that characterize social processes are based on statistical data,
and used in assessment the efficiency of activity, identification of causal
relationships in the decision- making process. The beginning of sustainability
measuring practice was marked by the appeal of the United Nations Conference on
the Human Environment, 1971, to prepare periodic international, regional, and subregional
reports on ―the state of, and outlook for, the environment‖ (UNEP, 1972).
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Becker, Lana L. "Moral Development of Accounting Students: Opportunities and Challenges." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2008. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3012.
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Business schools are under scrutiny today as accreditation agencies, professional organizations, and employers hold them accountable for the ethical training of future professionals. This literature review explores how the understanding of Kohlberg’s moral development theory can help accounting educators in their commitment to develop the ethical competencies of students. Lawrence Kohlberg’s stages of moral cognition are explained as well as James Rest’s contributions to the field of moral psychology. This paper synthesizes research findings specifically related to the moral development of accounting students and proposes possible explanations for these results. While the potential to morally develop students of higher education has been established through prior research, today’s accounting educators are challenged to implement research and pedagogical strategies that will enable them to actualize this potential.
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Mohan, Aneesha. "Agile Project Management Challenges : Analyzing and Exploring Agile Project Management Challenges from a Practitioner Perspective: A case study on HMS." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37536.
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