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1
Jiang, Yuncheng, Baoyu Guo und Zhigang Yan. „Multi-Criterion Spatial Optimization of Future Police Stations Based on Urban Expansion and Criminal Behavior Characteristics“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, Nr. 7 (11.07.2022): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11070384.
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Lanzhou’s rapid development has raised new security challenges, and improving public safety in areas under the jurisdiction of police stations is an effective way to address the problem of public security in urban areas. Unfortunately, the existing studies do not consider how factors such as future land changes, building functions, and characteristics of criminal behavior influence the choice of areas for police stations and the optimization of police stations with respect to traffic congestion. To solve these problems, we apply multiple methods and multi-source geospatial data to optimize police station locations. The proposed method incorporates a big data perspective, which provides new ideas and technical approaches to site selection models. First, we use the central city of Lanzhou as the study area and erase the exclusion areas from the initial layer to identify the undeveloped areas. Second, historical crime data, point of interest, and other data are combined to assess the potential crime risk. We then use the analytic hierarchy process to comprehensively assess undeveloped areas based on potential crime hotspots and on socioeconomic drivers and orography. In addition, according to China’s Road Traffic Safety Law and the current traffic congestion in the city, a minimum speed is determined, so that the target area can be reached in time even in congested traffic. Finally, we draw the spatial coverage map of police stations based on the location-allocation model and network analysis and optimize the map by considering the coverage rate of high-risk areas and building construction, in addition to maintenance and other objectives. The result shows that crime concentrates mainly in densely populated areas, indicating that people and wealth are the main drivers of crime. The differences in the spatial distribution of crime hotspots and residential areas at different spatial scales mean that the ratio of public security police force to household police force allocated to different police stations is spatially nonuniform. The method proposed herein reduces the overlap of police station service areas by 22.8% and increases the area coverage (12.01%) and demand point coverage (7.25%). The area coverage means an area potentially accessible within five minutes, and point coverage implies an effective drive. Within reasonable optimization, this allows us to eventually remove 13 existing police stations and add 24 candidate police stations.
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Oberio, Elnelyn C., und Markh B. Jamandre. „Police CrimeStat“. Philippine Social Science Journal 3, Nr. 2 (16.11.2020): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.152.
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This project aimed to automate the manual entry of the incident reports of the Philippine National Police. The system is projected to provide effective monitoring and updated statistical reports that will be used for decision-making processes. All police stations within the designated area will have an installed application that is centralized nationwide. Thus, data analysis would be easier and useful for law enforcement agencies for long-term crime bust programs. The system has the following specific objectives: first is to provide easier access to blotter reports, to improve decision making with interactive maps, to promote information sharing, and lastly, to offer statistical information of incidents. Evaluation of incident reports by an authorized officer is necessary before encoding them into the system. The data that the system needs includes the following: complainant and suspect's name(s), case details, and the type of offense. Inputted incident reports can be seen by the central office and other police stations; however, data manipulation is accessed only in the central office. The system can search and display case details in a printable format based on the user's specified query. By utilizing the Google map application program interface (API), the user can quickly locate and see the crime's exact location. This particular feature is challenging because there is a need to structure a detailed data mining design to promptly generate reliable reports. Once data are encoded in the system, the central office can create reports according to their needs. The system development started with data gathering by interviewing the Non-Uniform Personnel of Murcia Police station and performed the requirements analysis for the system.
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Fondevila, Gustavo, Carlos Vilalta-Perdomo, Mateo Carlos Galindo Pérez und Fernando G. Cafferata. „Crime deterrent effect of police stations“. Applied Geography 134 (September 2021): 102518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102518.
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Mingyue Qiu, Mingyue Qiu, Xueying Zhang Mingyue Qiu und Xinmeng Wang Xueying Zhang. „Analysis and Prediction of Epidemic Prevention and Control by Police Stations Based on Time Series“. 電腦學刊 34, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2023): 075–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/199115992023123406006.
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<p>It has been over two years since the outburst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, China has entered into a normalization stage and police stations are still in the endeavor of improving their epidemic prevention and control measures. However, grassroots police stations are still backward in epidemic prevention and control, and lack of response measures for each period of the epidemic. This paper uses time series models to predict the epidemic trend and analyze the measures undertaken by the police stations. In the process of data pretreatment, this paper focuses on the data processing of the epidemic control period. Then the epidemic trend is predicted based on five different time series models and two different time intervals. The results indicate that the tertiary exponential smoothing prediction model with day as the interval is the best and accurate prediction method. According to the prediction model, it can be determined the current stage of the epidemic development by time points, so as to give targeted reference for the police stations. The basic idea in using various time series models is to predict the accumulated number of confirmed cases based on the existing data not only to help, guide and refine the existing epidemic measures but also offer suggestions for epidemic prevention and control by police stations in response to each period of the epidemic. Based on the findings exhaustive recommendations are proposed for real-time and targeted epidemic prevention and control by police administration.</p> <p> </p>
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Santos, Cecilia MacDowell. „En-gendering the Police: Women's Police Stations and Feminism in Sao Paulo“. Latin American Research Review 39, Nr. 3 (2004): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2004.0059.
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Kumar Chandra Gupta, A., P. Kumar und N. Vasanth Kumar. „Development of Geospatial Map Based Election Portal“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (28.11.2014): 1149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-1149-2014.
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The Geospatial Delhi Limited (GSDL), a Govt. of NCT of Delhi Company formed in order to provide the geospatial information of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and its organs such as DDA, MCD, DJB, State Election Department, DMRC etc., for the benefit of all citizens of Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD). <br><br> This paper describes the development of Geospatial Map based Election portal (GMEP) of NCT of Delhi. The portal has been developed as a map based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for pertain to planning and management of Department of Chief Electoral Officer, and as an election related information searching tools (Polling Station, Assembly and parliamentary constituency etc.,) for the citizens of NCTD. The GMEP is based on Client-Server architecture model. It has been developed using ArcGIS Server 10.0 with J2EE front-end on Microsoft Windows environment. The GMEP is scalable to enterprise SDSS with enterprise Geo Database & Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity. <br><br> Spatial data to GMEP includes delimited precinct area boundaries of Voters Area of Polling stations, Assembly Constituency, Parliamentary Constituency, Election District, Landmark locations of Polling Stations & basic amenities (Police Stations, Hospitals, Schools and Fire Stations etc.). GMEP could help achieve not only the desired transparency and easiness in planning process but also facilitates through efficient & effective tools for management of elections. It enables a faster response to the changing ground realities in the development planning, owing to its in-built scientific approach and open-ended design.
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Telagam, Nagarjuna, Nehru Kandasamy und Somanaidu U. „Smart Device for Women's Safety Designed Using IoT and Virtual Instrumentation Browser“. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) 17, Nr. 02 (25.01.2023): 166–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i02.35227.
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In the present technological developments, the internet of things (IoT) technology connects all interconnected networks. The attacks on women are increasing daily in Indian countries. If the woman is not carrying a mobile phone or device, she cannot contact the police station or other family members. This proposed method will help the women identify the exact location and inform the police station in such a scenario. The Emergencies, the women, can press the button once the location information is tracked. The purpose of this project is to help women in emergencies. Location tracking and short service messages are also sent to the family members and nearby police stations.
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Xu, Chong, Xi Chen, Lin Liu, Minxuan Lan und Debao Chen. „Assessing Impacts of New Subway Stations on Urban Thefts in the Surrounding Areas“. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, Nr. 10 (23.09.2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10100632.
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Whether newly implemented public transit stations influence the nearby crime pattern has been debated for years. In ZG City, China, 2 new subway lines and 20 new stations were implemented in 2017. This intervention allows us to test the plausible relationship between new public transit stations and thefts in the surrounding areas. We use the difference-in-differences (DID) model to assess the theft in the treatment and control areas before and after the implementation of the new stations, with necessary socioeconomic and land-use variables and time from the addition of the station being controlled. We also explicitly examine the impacts of the proximity of the stations and the Spring Festival on theft. The results suggest the following: (1) theft around the new subway stations significantly increases after the stations’ implementation, while the control area does not see much change in thefts; (2) proximity between the neighboring stations’ increases thefts; and (3) theft near the new stations significantly decreases during the month of the Spring Festival. This study contributes to the literature on the relationship between the subway system and crime, especially from a Chinese perspective. The finding of the research can bring insights to urban transit planning, allocation of the police force, and crime prevention.
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Yu, Lijie, Yarong Cong und Kuanmin Chen. „Determination of the Peak Hour Ridership of Metro Stations in Xi’an, China Using Geographically-Weighted Regression“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 6 (13.03.2020): 2255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062255.
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The ridership of a metro station during a city’s peak hour is not always the same as that during the station’s own peak hour. To investigate this inconsistency, this study introduces the peak deviation coefficient to describe this phenomenon. Data from 88 metro stations in Xi’an, China, are used to analyze the peak deviation coefficient based on the geographically weighted regression model. The results demonstrate that when the land around a metro station is mainly land for work, primary and middle schools, and residences, its station’s peak hour is consistent with the city’s peak hour. Additionally, the station’s peak hour is more likely to deviate from the city’s peak hour for suburban stations. There are two ridership options when designing stations, namely the extra peak hour ridership during a city’s peak hour and that during a station’s peak hour, and the larger of the two is used to design metro stations. The mixed land use ratio must be considered in urban land use planning, because although non-commuting land can mitigate the traffic pressure of a city’s peak hour, it may cause the deviation of the station’s peak hours from that of the city.
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Yu, Lijie, Quan Chen und Kuanmin Chen. „Deviation of Peak Hours for Urban Rail Transit Stations: A Case Study in Xi’an, China“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 10 (14.05.2019): 2733. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102733.
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The inconsistencies of passenger flow volume between stations’ peak hours and cities’ peak hours have emerged as a phenomenon in various cities worldwide. Passenger flow forecasting at planning stages can only predict passenger flow volume in city peak hours and for the whole day. For some stations, the highest flow does not occur in the city peak hours, and station scale design is often too small. This study locates the formation mechanism of station peak in which the temporal distribution of the station is the superposition of different temporal distributions of the purpose determined by land-use attributes. Data from 63 stations in Xi’an, China, were then used to present an enlargement coefficient which can change the boarding and alighting volume in city peak hours to a station’s own peak hours. This was done by analyzing the inconsistencies of passenger flow volume between the station’s peak hours and the city’s peak hours. Morning peak deviation coefficient (PDC) and evening PDC were selected as datasets, and stations were classified accordingly. Statistics of land usage for every type of station showed that when the stations were surrounded by developed land, the relationship between the PDC and the commuter travel land proportion was to some extent orderly. More than 90.00% of stations with a proportion of commuter travel land that was more than 0.50 had PDCs under 1.10. All stations with a proportion of commuter travel land that was less than 0.50 had morning PDCs over 1.10. Finally, data from 52 stations in Chongqing, China were used to verify the findings, with the results in Chongqing predominantly corresponding to those in Xi’an.
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Nelson, Sara. „Constructing and Negotiating Gender in Women's Police Stations in Brazil“. Latin American Perspectives 23, Nr. 1 (Januar 1996): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x9602300109.
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Zhen, Cao, Feng Jia Hao, Geng Juan und Tian Zhun. „A study on integrated development approaches for bus stations based on cluster analysis“. E3S Web of Conferences 512 (2024): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451203012.
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Integrated development of bus stations is proposed in response to the city’s priority development policy for public transportation. This approach aims to address the challenges of limited station land and increased financial pressure on bus operations by effectively utilizing urban land resources. Therefore, the selection of integrated development methods for bus stations becomes crucial. This study examines the characteristics of 36 bus station sites in Xi’an, considering both their intrinsic features and external environmental attributes. Using diverse data collection methods and analysis techniques, including Python, AcrGIS, and the Gaode Maps Open Platform, the research focuses on four dimensions: Points of Interest (POI), location characteristics, station attributes, and station connectivity features. By identifying 24 key clustering factors through Z-score standardization, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), elbow method, and K-means++ clustering, the 36 bus stations are categorized into five types: residential community development, commercial development, office building development, integrated development, and not recommended for development. These classification results provide guidance for future research on integrated development methods for bus stations.
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Molines, Mathieu, Pierre-Yves Sanséau und Mladen Adamovic. „How organizational stressors affect collective organizational citizenship behaviors in the French Police“. International Journal of Public Sector Management 30, Nr. 1 (09.01.2017): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2016-0043.
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Purpose Stress issues are a major concern for public organisations, especially in law enforcement. Organisational context is to blame for high levels of stress and low performance. Thus, the purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the authors aim to understand how one contextual variable – organisational stressors that emanate from the police station’s characteristics – affect organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The second research aim is to assess how promoting trust in the police station can help mitigate the negative effects of these stressors. Based on the job demands – resources framework, the model posits that organisational stressors initiate a health-impairment process through an emotional-exhaustion climate, that can ultimately damage collective OCBs. The authors also propose that fostering a trust climate, as job resource, buffer the undesirable and negative impact of organisational stressors on exhaustion climate and collective OCB. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for a quantitative study. Based on a sample of 718 police officers from 70 French Police stations, the authors follow the procedure outlined by Preacher (2013) to test the moderated-mediation model. Findings The study show that organisational stressors initiate a health-impairment process through an emotional-exhaustion climate, that can ultimately damage collective OCBs. The authors also demonstrate that fostering a trust climate, as job resource, will not decrease negative effects of organisational stressors but only contained them. Low-trust climate and moderate trust climate will, on the contrary, amplified the negative effects of these organisational stressors. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study stressors-strain-performance relationship at the collective level in a large sample of police officers. The paper includes implications for the development of interventions at the collective level.
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B. Gokula Krishnan, Bhargavi D Hemmige. „The role of Community Radio in Gender based Development.“ Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 1 (18.02.2023): 1431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.295.
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People who listen to community radio are better able to take part in civic discourse, government, economic development, poverty alleviation, and anti-corruption campaigns. There is no natural audience for community radio. What is needed is to connect Community Radio to people's most pressing concerns and to ensure that people see their issues in the context of their right to development." It's a study on the effectiveness of Community Radio (CR) in India, as well as on the level of community involvement in the programme. By examining the efficacy of selected indicators, this study aims to bridge the knowledge gap that exists between the broadcaster and the beneficiaries. Community radio stations in India have been singled out for examination, with an eye toward documenting and analysing their own internal structures as well as their finances. An important factor in supporting a community radio station's long-term viability is the number of populations it serves, which in turn attracts more revenue in the form of advertising, which in turn improves the station's sustainability. Lacking policy, Nepali radio stations self-identify as "Community" or "Commercial" stations based on their stated mission statements and goals and the way they programme.
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Kumar Chandra Gupta, A., P. Kumar und P. Kumar Sharma. „DEVELOPMENT OF GEOSPATIAL MAP BASED PORTAL FOR DELIMITATION OF MCD WARDS“. ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W7 (12.09.2017): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w7-49-2017.
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The Geospatial Delhi Limited (GSDL), a Govt. of NCT of Delhi Company formed in order to provide the geospatial information of National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCTD) to the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD) and its organs such as DDA, MCD, DJB, State Election Department, DMRC etc., for the benefit of all citizens of Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (GNCTD). <br><br> This paper describes the development of Geospatial Map based Portal for Delimitation of MCD Wards (GMPDW) and election of 3 Municipal Corporations of NCT of Delhi. The portal has been developed as a map based spatial decision support system (SDSS) for delimitation of MCD Wards and draw of peripheral wards boundaries to planning and management of MCD Election process of State Election Commission, and as an MCD election related information searching tools (Polling Station, MCD Wards and Assembly constituency etc.,) for the citizens of NCTD. The GMPDW is based on Client-Server architecture model. It has been developed using Arc GIS Server 10.0 with .NET (pronounced dot net) technology. The GMPDW is scalable to enterprise SDSS with enterprise Geo Database & Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity. <br><br> Spatial data to GMPDW includes Enumeration Block (EB) and Enumeration Blocks Group (EBG) boundaries of Citizens of Delhi, Assembly Constituency, Parliamentary Constituency, Election District, Landmark locations of Polling Stations & basic amenities (Police Stations, Hospitals, Schools and Fire Stations etc.). GMPDW could help achieve not only the desired transparency and easiness in planning process but also facilitates through efficient & effective tools for management of MCD election. It enables a faster response to the changing ground realities in the development planning, owing to its in-built scientific approach and open-ended design.
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Jiménez Paz, Pablo Alejandro, Katherin Vanessa Rodríguez Zevallos und Frank Edmundo Escobedo Bailón. „Sistema de información geográfica para el registro de actos delictivos como soporte de las comisarías usando el API de ArcGis“. Revista Investigación Universitaria 11, Nr. 1 (30.06.2021): 540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53470/riu.v11i1.16.
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Citizen insecurity is one of the biggest problems in the world, in search of a solution to address this problem, we found that a GIS is a tool worth evaluating for a possible solution. As an objective of this study, we seek to evaluate the feasibility of using a GIS to record criminal acts supported by police stations, for the development of this project we propose SCRUM as a development framework and for the methodology of data collection we will take articles, theses, newspapers and external statistics. Throughout some research, we will be able to make different comparisons about elements for our software, this goes from the effectiveness of using it to improve citizen security, the different perspectives that similar software can take (real time population, time period population, state entities), to the best way to get a better cost benefit for the development by evaluating the differences between the software. Finally, we were able to conclude that there is a high degree of effectiveness on the part of the GIS, in addition to the fact that it makes possible new methods of prevention for the improvement of citizen security.
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Huang, Yongyi, Atsushi Yona, Hiroshi Takahashi, Ashraf Mohamed Hemeida, Paras Mandal, Alexey Mikhaylov, Tomonobu Senjyu und Mohammed Elsayed Lotfy. „Energy Management System Optimization of Drug Store Electric Vehicles Charging Station Operation“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 11 (30.05.2021): 6163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116163.
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Electric vehicle charging station have become an urgent need in many communities around the world, due to the increase of using electric vehicles over conventional vehicles. In addition, establishment of charging stations, and the grid impact of household photovoltaic power generation would reduce the feed-in tariff. These two factors are considered to propose setting up charging stations at convenience stores, which would enable the electric energy to be shared between locations. Charging stations could collect excess photovoltaic energy from homes and market it to electric vehicles. This article examines vehicle travel time, basic household energy demand, and the electricity consumption status of Okinawa city as a whole to model the operation of an electric vehicle charging station for a year. The entire program is optimized using MATLAB mixed integer linear programming (MILP) toolbox. The findings demonstrate that a profit could be achieved under the principle of ensuring the charging station’s stable service. Household photovoltaic power generation and electric vehicles are highly dependent on energy sharing between regions. The convenience store charging station service strategy suggested gives a solution to the future issues.
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Feng, Hongxia, Yaotong Chen, Jinyi Wu, Zhenqian Zhao, Yuanqing Wang und Zhuoting Wang. „Urban Rail Transit Station Type Identification Based on “Passenger Flow—Land Use—Job-Housing”“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 20 (20.10.2023): 15103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015103.
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Urban rail transit stations serve as pivotal hubs that facilitate the advancement of diverse economic activities. Based on different types of metro stations, the sustainable and coordinated development of public transport and land use can be achieved through rational land use planning and the rational allocation of urban infrastructure and public service facilities. Drawing upon mobile phone signaling data and land use data, this article presents a complex classification methodology for metro stations, employing the lens of “passenger flow behavior—land use structure—job-housing density” in the context of Xi’an. The stations are categorized into six distinct types, including employment-led stations with a job–housing density balance, as well as stations characterized by job–housing mismatch with a high residential density. The results indicate a low level of coupling between the passenger flow patterns of the stations and the spatial characteristics of the station areas. In addition, the spatial distributions of the stations demonstrate a significant aggregation effect in each station type, while the degree of integration between the different station types remains limited. These findings collectively suggest that the urban rail transit stations in Xi’an have not achieved complementary development, thereby reflecting a notable trend of cross-regional commuter flow in the city.
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Newham, Gareth. „Promoting police integrity at station level: The case of the Hillbrow police station“. Urban Forum 13, Nr. 3 (Juli 2002): 20–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12132-002-0007-0.
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Brownfield-Stein, Chava. „Military-Police Fusion at the Southern Border“. Israel Studies Review 35, Nr. 2 (01.09.2020): 101–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2020.350207.
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Examining the activities of the Israel Defense Forces along the Gaza-Israel border, this article identifies a new phase in what the author calls ‘military-police fusion’. The analysis focuses on novel technologies—remote-controlled weapon stations and unmanned ground vehicles—and on the women soldiers who operate these systems. The central claim is that the blurring of boundaries between military and policing missions, combined with high-tech weaponry, has resulted in the development and implementation of new modes of violence that are currently undergoing a process of redefinition and feminization. The article addresses three key dimensions of the processes occurring in the hybrid operational environment along the Gaza-Israel border: the legal dimension, the technological dimension, and the gender dimension.
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Kim, Joon-Seok, und Nina Shin. „Planning for Railway Station Network Sustainability Based on Node–Place Analysis of Local Stations“. Sustainability 13, Nr. 9 (24.04.2021): 4778. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094778.
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We principally focus on evaluating the local and entire network performance of railway stations for sustainable logistics management in South Korea. Specifically, we aim to address the issue of dealing with vulnerability in logistics dependent on the degree of connectivity. To resolve this issue, we investigate (i) the current level of local railway station sustainability performance from the perspectives of the value of the station (node) and the geographical location (place), and (ii) how railway station network management can prepare for imminent internal and external risks. Integrating node–place analysis and social network analysis approaches, we demonstrate a means of assessing (i) local railway station performance by comparing how one station’s value differs from that of other stations, and (ii) overall railway network performance by measuring the degree of connectivity based on the centrality characteristics. Consequently, we recommend improvement in planning orders considering the degree of local performance and network vulnerability for railway station network sustainability.
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Liu, Sitong, Zhi Tang, Danyu Zhang und Xiaoying Meng. „Urban Living Room Model for Integrated Development of Station City--Taking the Southern Hub of Fengtai Station as an Example“. E3S Web of Conferences 490 (2024): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449002002.
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With the development of China's high-speed railway, railway passenger stations are subtly changing the urban structure, and the fragmentation of the city caused by traditional railway passenger stations should not be underestimated, affecting the development of the city in five aspects: functional composition, traffic organisation, economic development, policy coordination and environmental damage. This paper takes Fengtai Station as an example and summarises the integrated development mode of "urban living room" from macro-industry, meso-planning and micro-design: to enhance economic activation and functional diversity; to increase traffic connectivity and spatial inclusiveness; and to improve environmental adaptability under the concept of sustainability, in order to create a comprehensive, integrated and sustainable urban living room. It provides new construction points and design ideas for the integrated design of rail way passenger stations
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Wang, Xinru, Liang Xia, Fei Pei, Li Chang, Wen Tong Chong, Zu Wang und Song Pan. „Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10) Concentration of Subway Transfer Stations in Beijing, China“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 3 (28.01.2022): 1552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031552.
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Although much research is being conducted on the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 at subway stations, there is no research focusing on a complex subway transfer station. In this paper, the characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 at transfer stations are studied. For comparison, monitoring is performed under different outside conditions at four different transfer stations in the non-peak period during March 2018. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 on the platform in the transfer stations is approximately 10 μg/m3 lower than in the non-transfer station, when outside PM2.5 is lower than 150 μg/m3. However, the ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 at the transfer stations (lowest: 78.1%) is higher than at the non-transfer station (lowest: 61.2%), indicating that the PM10 content differs from the non-transfer station. In a transfer station with the same depth, the PM concentration is the same or similar. In addition, the concentration of PM2.5 at subway stations has a strong correlation with the outside environment (R2 = 0.897), which indicates that an outside condition is important for the subway environment.
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Lim, Chang-Ho. „A Study on Implications of British Transport Police System“. Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice 31, Nr. 4 (30.12.2022): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21181/kjpc.2022.31.4.251.
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Today the changes of railway environment are further increasing the demand for railway policing. The South Korean Railway Police Force puts great efforts into protecting citizens’ lives and properties and maintaining order on trains and in train stations. In order for South Korean Railway Police Force to develop further from now on, it may be necessary to analyze the railway police system in advanced foreign countries and derive implications as many as possible for South Korean Railway Police Force. The purpose of this study is to analyse the organization and operation of the British Transport Police System and to derive the useful implications for the South Korean Railway Police. These implications will be helpful for further development of the South Korean Railway Police Force.
Among the advanced foreign railway police forces, the British Transport Police has jurisdictions over almost all railways in U.K, and the British Transport Police Authority(BTPA) has been established to oversee and maintain the efficient and effective police force of the British Transport Police. Regarding the British Transport Police, the management of the BTP by BTPA, the establishment of regular annual plans, the establishment of clear mission and vision system, and the systematic goals setting may give many implications for the South Korean Railway Police Force.
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Hasyimi, Valid, und Djoko Santoso Abi Suroso. „Urban Green Space Development Strategy–Reconverting Gas Station To Public Parks In The City Of Surabaya, Indonesia“. Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology 2, Nr. 2 (01.06.2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24273/jgeet.2017.2.2.306.
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Urban Green Space Development has become a challenging task for city governments especially in Indonesia, due to high prices of land around urban centers. On the other hand, there are inconsistencies between land use and land allocation within the city planning. In Surabaya City, quite a lot of gas stations were built on areas which are originally intended for green open spaces. Surabaya City Municipality is strongly committed to reconvert Gas Station Areas to green open spaces as determined in the plan. Innovative strategies have enabled the city government to reconvert 13 gas stations to public parks. This paper analyzes the implementation process of the Urban Green Space Reconversion Policy, describing the historical details of the issues, the taking over of land from gas station owners, and the park development and campaigning. Discussion also includes the most influential factors in this success story.
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Cao, Yangliu, Hongzhi Guan, Tao Li, Yan Han und Junze Zhu. „Research on a Prediction Method for Passenger Waiting-Area Demand in High-Speed Railway Stations“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 3 (22.01.2022): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031245.
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The rapid development of intelligent transportation systems and high-speed railways has shortened the waiting time of passengers and the demand for waiting areas. Large-scale stations not only increase the difficulty for passengers when traveling but also waste a great deal of land resources and construction funds. Therefore, this research analyzes passenger waiting area demand according to the characteristics of urban development, passenger travel characteristics and station departure passenger flow. This paper establishes a prediction model for the number of passengers spending time in the waiting room, taking into account passenger traffic and train departure timetables. We used Beijing South Railway Station, Xi’an North Railway Station, Hefei South Railway Station and Zhoukou East Railway Station as examples to predict the numbers of passengers spending time in waiting rooms of different types and scales of station. Research results show that shortening the length of passengers’ early arrival times can effectively reduce the number of passengers gathered in medium-sized stations, which are located in new first-tier cities. Under the influence of the urban traffic environment and passenger flow, the uncertainties regarding travel time and passenger flow in first-tier cities are lower than those in new first-tier cities and higher than those in third-tier and fourth-tier cities. Therefore, the waiting area demand of passengers departing from medium-sized stations in new first-tier cities is lower than that of passengers from large stations in first-tier cities, and higher than that of passengers from small stations in third-tier and fourth-tier cities.
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Maneewan, Warakun, Nopadon Kronprasert, Damrongsak Rinchumphu und Chaiwat Sangsrichan. „Applying the TOD Standard for Potential Location Selection for Sustainable Transit-Oriented Development in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand“. Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, Nr. 9 (30.09.2022): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.9.9.
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Transit-oriented development (TOD) was organized as policies to promote the development of public transportation infrastructure in many countries, including the Thai government. Presently, Thailand is aiming for the growth of the city spreads in each region along with economic growth by stimulating sustainable development, especially in Chiang Mai Province. The purpose of this study was to implement the application of the TOD standard as an analytical tool in the context of Thailand. We adapted TOD standard as an instrument and indicator for physical data collection on areas that have the potential to be developed into TOD stations in Chiang Mai. The TOD standard as a selection tool will be used to score the selected three stations located on the Chiang Mai Red Line Mass Transit System Project that has the potential to develop into TOD. Data collection covers a radius from the stations of 500 meters and 500 – 1000 meters for commercial and residential land use, respectively. The scoring shows that the Airport station is the most potential area, followed by the Chiang Mai Rajabhat University and Nakornping hospital station. The results show that TOD standards had the potential to be used in the context of Thailand to enhance assessment, help in planning and drawing TOD policy for the upcoming station project, and identify specific TOD characteristics that need improvement.
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Ju, Weiyi, Jie Wu, Qingchun Kang, Juncheng Jiang und Zhixiang Xing. „Fire Risk Assessment of Subway Stations Based on Combination Weighting of Game Theory and TOPSIS Method“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 12 (14.06.2022): 7275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127275.
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With the rapid development of urban modernization, traffic congestion, travel delays, and other related inconveniences have become central features in people’s daily lives. The development of subway transit systems has alleviated some of these problems. However, numerous underground subway stations lack adequate fire safety protections, and this can cause rescue difficulties in the event of fire. Once the fire occurs, there will be huge property losses and casualties. In addition, this can have a vicious impact on sustainable development. Therefore, in order to make prevention in advance and implement targeted measures, we should quantify the risk and calculate the fire risk value. In this study, through consulting experts and analysis of data obtained from Changzhou Railway Company and the Emergency Management Bureau, the fire risk index system of subway stations was determined. We calculated the index weight by selecting the combination weighting method of game theory to eliminate the limitations and dependence of subjective and objective evaluation methods. The idea of relative closeness degree in TOPSIS method iwas introduced to calculate the risk value of each subway station. Finally, the subway station risk value model was established, and the risk values for each subway station were calculated and sorted. According to expert advice and the literature review, we divided the risk level into five levels, very high; high; moderate; low and very low. The results shown that 2 subway stations on Line 1 have very high fire risk, 2 subway stations on Line 1 have high fire risk, 2 subway stations on Line 1 have moderate fire risk, 8 subway stations on Line 1 have low fire risk, and 13 subway stations on Line 1 have very low fire risk. We hope that through this evaluation model method and the results to bring some references for local rail companies. Meanwhile, this evaluation model method also promotes resilience and sustainability in social development.
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Kyed, Helene Maria. „STATE POLICING AND INVISIBLE FORCES IN MOZAMBIQUE“. Africa 84, Nr. 3 (23.07.2014): 424–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972014000345.
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ABSTRACTThis article explores how the state police in Mozambique tried to (re)encroach upon a former war zone and what their methods implied for state authority more generally. Post-war reform efforts to professionalize the police in accordance with the rule of law and human rights have had apparently paradoxical results. This is in part because efforts to constitute state authority have relied on both embracing and taming ‘tradition’ as an alternative domain of authority, order and law. Ethnographic fieldwork at police stations shows that the police increasingly handle witchcraft cases and spiritual problems. This, the article argues, does not only reflect a tension between local/customary and state/legal notions of order and justice. Equally significant is the existence of partial sovereignties. A spiritual idiom of power and evildoing constitutes an alternative articulation of sovereignty due to the capacity of invisible forces to give and take life. This is an idiom mastered by chiefs and healers. Police officers engage with invisible forces to gain popular legitimacy and manifest state power, and yet they never manage to fully master those forces. Consequently, state police authority remains uncertain, and must be continually reinforced by enacting hierarchies and jurisdictional boundaries and by using force.
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Zeng, Long, Si-Zhe Chen, Zebin Tang, Ling Tian und Tingting Xiong. „An Electric Vehicle Charging Method Considering Multiple Power Exchange Modes’ Coordination“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 13 (04.07.2023): 10520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151310520.
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To achieve sustainable environmental development, numerous countries and governments have been vigorously promoting the proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) through a series of policy measures and economic subsidies. With the increasing number of EVs, multiple EV charging modes are being researched to satisfy owners’ requirements. In this paper, an EV charging method considering multiple power exchange modes’ coordination is proposed for meeting owners’ requirements with cost-effectiveness. In the proposed method, the battery swapping (BS) station, building-to-vehicle (B2V) station, and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) station are considered. In G2V stations, EVs charge from the power grid. In B2V stations, distributed renewable energy generation is considered as the energy provider. This study contemplates the use of photovoltaic power systems in B2V stations for the charging of EVs. In BS stations, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid is considered. The battery energy storage is utilized for reducing the battery degradation cost (BDC) and power cost. EVs are dispatched to the corresponding charging stations according to the electric price, BDC, and so on. In the dispatching process, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and Hungarian algorithm are applied. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the power matching between EVs and charging modes is discussed.
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Qin, Jianxin, Jing Qiu, Yating Chen, Tao Wu und Longgang Xiang. „Charging Stations Selection Using a Graph Convolutional Network from Geographic Grid“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 24 (14.12.2022): 16797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416797.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) have attracted considerable attention because of their clean and high-energy efficiency. Reasonably planning a charging station network has become a vital issue for the popularization of EVs. Current research on optimizing charging station networks focuses on the role of stations in a local scope. However, spatial features between charging stations are not considered. This paper proposes a charging station selection method based on the graph convolutional network (GCN) and establishes a charging station selection method considering traffic information and investment cost. The method uses the GCN to extract charging stations. The charging demand of each candidate station is calculated through the traffic flow information to optimize the location of charging stations. Finally, the cost of the charging station network is evaluated. A case study on charging station selection shows that the method can solve the EV charging station location problem.
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Peng, Jiadong, Yufang Liao, Yuanhua Jiang, Jianming Zhang und Xingren Qi. „Development of the homogenized monthly precipitation series during 1910–2014 and its changes in Hunan Province, China“. Journal of Water and Climate Change 8, Nr. 4 (12.07.2017): 791–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2017.178.
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Abstract Based on the statistical method and the historical evolution of meteorological stations, the precipitation time series for each station in Hunan Province of China during 1910–2014 are tested for their homogeneity and then adjusted. The missing data caused by war and other reasons at the eight meteorological stations which had records before 1950 is filled by interpolation using adjacent observations, and complete precipitation time series since the establishment of stations are constructed. After that, according to the representative analysis of each station in different time periods, the precipitation series of Hunan Province during 1910–2014 are built and changes are analyzed. The results indicate that the annual precipitation has no significant linear trend but has obvious inter-decadal fluctuation during 1910–2014 and a periodic oscillation of 20 years is the most significant. Precipitation in winter (DJF) and summer (JJA) shows a slight wetter trend, and a slight dryer trend in spring (MAM) and autumn (SON). Abrupt change test suggests that annual and seasonal precipitations except for MAM and SON have abrupt ascending changes in the recent 100 years.
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Zhou, Bo, Xiaofei Hu und Changsheng Xiong. „Differential Influences of High-Speed Railway Stations on the Surrounding Construction Land Expansion and Institutional Analysis: The Case of Taiwan and Hainan“. Land 13, Nr. 1 (19.12.2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010010.
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The purpose of this paper is to compare the differential impact of Taiwan High-speed Railway (T-HSR) and Hainan East Ring High-speed Railway (HER-HSR) stations on the surrounding construction land expansion, reveal the underlying institutional reasons, and then provide policy recommendations for coordinating the rational development of land resources and ecological environment protection around high-speed railway (HSR) stations. The research methods include the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, buffer analysis, and GIS spatial analysis. The results show that (1) The spillover impact of HSR stations on the surrounding construction land expansion is the result of the game between different actors around the development and protection of land around HSR stations under the action scenarios of various external factors. The surrounding construction land of 12 stations of T-HSR increased by 269.98 km2 within the study scope and period, while the surrounding area of 10 stations in HER-HSR increased by 187.61 km2. (2) There are nine stations in T-HSR that affect the expansion of surrounding construction land within 1.0–3.0 km and lead to the expansion of construction land of 22.44 km2, while there are six stations in HER-HSR that affect the expansion of construction land within 1.5–3.5 km and lead to the expansion of construction land of 24.20 km2. Other stations cannot effectively identify their areas of influence due to other reasons. (3) Each station of HER-HSR has a stronger influence intensity and degree on the expansion of surrounding construction land than that of T-HSR, which is closely related to institutional factors such as land planning, land property rights, and public participation. In conclusion, the differences in land planning, land property rights, public participation, and other basic systems will lead to differences in the expansion of surrounding construction land for HSR stations. This research aims to provide institutional adjustment suggestions to achieve coordinated economic development and ecological protection around HSR stations in two Chinese islands with different institutional environments.
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Caset, Freke, Filipe Marques Teixeira, Ben Derudder, Kobe Boussauw und Frank Witlox. „Planning for nodes, places and people in Flanders and Brussels: Developing an empirical railway station assessment model for strategic decision-making“. Journal of Transport and Land Use 12, Nr. 1 (22.11.2019): 811–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2019.1483.
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Against the backdrop of current policy discussions in Flanders dealing with differentiated urban development schemes for strategic railway stations, this paper develops an empirical railway station assessment tool. We build on the node-place modeling literature, and more specifically on the tradition of quantitative station assessment models which has emerged from it. First, a series of methodological contributions are proposed in which we suggest strategies to improve the analytical strength of some standard node-place parameters, we broaden the model with temporal variability in accessibility, and we complement the model with a user-based accessibility account. Second, the conceptual model is applied to the case of Flanders and Brussels (the north of Belgium). Drawing on factor and cluster analysis, two intelligible station typologies are produced for both node-place and user-based data. Both typologies are interpreted and complemented with station-specific rose diagrams summarizing a station’s accessibility profile. These diagrams reveal insightful and detailed knowledge about station-specific accessibility characteristics, some of which are not captured by standard node-place analyses. Lastly, a more in-depth discussion focusing on five exemplary cases reveals what the results of these analyses may mean for planning practice.
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Cao, Ying, Mingrui Li und Jianping Zuo. „Evaluation Analysis and Recommendations for the Development of the Menda Railway Site Based on TOPSIS Model“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 15 (04.08.2022): 9594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159594.
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In order to realize the goal of “building up mobile homestays among lucid waters and lush mountains”, the Mentougou District of Beijing wants to plan the surrounding area with the theme of “One Line and Four Mines” in the west of Beijing. In order to comply with the requirement of “one station, one scene”, 12 railway stations need to be planned and developed in different directions, So the station development needs to be evaluated and analyzed first. In this study, the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) method are comprehensively used to establish indicators from five aspects: natural potential, mining heritage potential, social potential, traffic potential and tourism potential, and to evaluate the development decision of 12 railway stations of the Menda Railway. The tourism development direction and development importance of abandoned railway stations are decided from the horizontal and vertical dimensions, and the results of the TOPSIS model are expanded beyond the numerical value itself. On this basis, this study also combined with the existing situation of each site, and gave suggestions on the development planning of each site.
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Pang, Lei, Yuxiao Jiang, Jingjing Wang, Ning Qiu, Xiang Xu, Lijian Ren und Xinyu Han. „Research of Metro Stations with Varying Patterns of Ridership and Their Relationship with Built Environment, on the Example of Tianjin, China“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 12 (14.06.2023): 9533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129533.
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The metro station ridership features are associated significantly with the built environment factors of the pedestrian catchment area surrounding metro stations. The existing studies have focused on the impact on total ridership at metro stations, ignoring the impact on varying patterns of metro station ridership. Therefore, the reasonable identification of metro station categories and built environment factors affecting the varying patterns of ridership in different categories of stations is very important for metro construction. In this study, we developed a data-driven framework to examine the relationship between varying patterns of metro station ridership and built environment factors in these areas. By leveraging smart card data, we extracted the dynamic characteristics of ridership and utilized hierarchical clustering and K-means clustering to identify diverse patterns of metro station ridership, and we finally identified six main ridership patterns. We then developed a newly built environment measurement framework and adopted multinomial logistic regression analysis to explore the association between ridership patterns and built environment factors. (1) The clustering analysis results revealed that six station types were classified based on varying patterns of passenger flow, representing distinct functional characteristics. (2) The regression analysis indicated that diversity, density, and location factors were significantly associated with most station function types, while destination accessibility was only positively associated with employment-oriented type stations, and centrality was only associated with employment-oriented hybrid type station. The research results could inform the spatial planning and design around metro stations and the planning and design of metro systems. The built environment of pedestrian catchment areas surrounding metro stations can be enhanced through rational land use planning and the appropriate allocation of urban infrastructure and public service facilities.
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Sevcikova, Hana, und Brice Nichols. „Land use uncertainty in transportation forecast“. Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, Nr. 1 (26.07.2021): 805–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1853.
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Using an integrated land use and travel model system implemented for the Puget Sound region in Washington state, a Bayesian Melding technique is applied to represent variations in land use outcomes, and is propagated into travel choices across a multi-year agent-based simulation. A scenario is considered where zoned capacity is increased around light rail stations. Samples are drawn from the posterior distribution of households to generate travel model inputs. They allow for propagation of land use uncertainty into travel choices, which are themselves assessed for uncertainty by comparing against observed data. Resulting travel measures of zonal vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per capita and light rail station boardings indicate the importance of comparing distributions rather than point forecasts. Results suggest decreased VMT per capita in zones near light rail stations and increased boardings at certain stations with existing development, and less significant impacts around stations with lower initial development capacity. In many cases, individual point level comparisons of scenarios would lead to very different conclusions. Altogether, this finding adds to a line of work demonstrating the policy value of incorporating uncertainty in integrated models and provides a method for assessing these variations in a systematic way.
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Tang, Xiang, Jianxiao Ma, Peng He und Chubo Xu. „Parking Allocation Index Analysis of Office Building Based on the TOD Measurement Method“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 5 (22.02.2022): 2482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052482.
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Under the overall strategic guidance of emission peaks and carbon neutrality, an increasing number of cities are focusing on sustainable transportation development as an important measure for sustainable transportation development. Transit-oriented development (TOD) can guide residents to green trip options and reduce the dependence on private cars. Many cities have qualitatively reduced the parking allocation index of office buildings around rail stations, and quantitative research on the influence area and degree of TOD is lacking. This paper selects office buildings in the rail transit station influence area as the research object, puts forward the TOD measurement method of rail transit stations based on the improved “Node-Place” model, and clusters the stations under different measurement indices by the K-means algorithm. For different types of stations, the multinomial logit (MNL) model is used to build different types of trip mode split models to put forward the reduction calculation method of the parking allocation index of office buildings in the rail transit station influence area. Finally, this paper applies the revision of Nanjing’s allocation index in 2019, and the TOD measurement is identified through the “Node-Place-Connection” model. The optimized calculation method of the parking allocation index for office buildings is proposed. The results indicate that the method can reduce parking allocations to encourage the use of green transportation and guide the construction of urban sustainable transportation systems.
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Mabuku, Kennedy Kaumba. „Bridging Cultural Diversity Gaps at Luhonono Police Station: Police Leadership Role“. Journal of Current Social and Political Issues 1, Nr. 2 (31.12.2023): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jcspi.v1i2.488.
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This study investigates the pivotal role of police leadership in mitigating cultural diversity gaps within the Luhonono Police Station, utilizing an exploratory qualitative approach. The study's sample comprises four police leaders with station experience and five non-management police officers. Data collection involves individual semi-structured interviews, recorded to aid data interpretation, with thematic analysis employed for data analysis. The findings underscore the significance of effective police leadership in improving relationships, minimizing turnover, ensuring fairness in decision-making, enhancing performance, and motivating the police force. The study recommends that the selection of police leaders should prioritize their commitment to embracing cultural diversity. Furthermore, it advocates for the development of policies supporting cultural diversity, provision of training, and promotion of awareness among the team to foster an inclusive and respectful workplace. The study argues that, although police leaders play a pivotal role in addressing cultural diversity, their effectiveness is impeded without standardized institutional policies or strategies to manage such issues.
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Nogal, Maria, und Pilar Jiménez. „Attractiveness of Bike-Sharing Stations from a Multi-Modal Perspective: The Role of Objective and Subjective Features“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 21 (31.10.2020): 9062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219062.
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When analysing the performance of bike-sharing scheme (BSS) stations, it is common to find stations that are located in specific points that capture the interest of users, whereas nearby stations are clearly underused. This uneven behaviour is not totally understood. This paper discusses the potential factors influencing station attractiveness, supported by the related literature on cyclists’ and pedestrians’ preferences and the characteristics of the stations themselves. The existing literature addresses these topics independently, while this work unites them by proposing a non data-extensive methodology that allows the attractiveness of BSS stations to be assessed. Attractiveness in this context is understood as the set of physical, environmental and service-related features of a bike station that make it more appealing for BSS users than nearby stations. Special attention is paid to differentiating objective features, based on facts, from subjective features, those influenced by personal perceptions. This classification becomes important in this context because subjective aspects can change from one geographical location to another, making the findings related to these aspects difficult to apply to other regions. Moreover, the assessment of the stations’ levels of safety and security is included. Thus, the proposed measure of attractiveness of BSS stations provides a balanced overview of several features. The consideration of station attractiveness when designing BSS layouts will help to refine the design of new layouts and will assist in conducting an appropriate diagnostic evaluation of the existing ones. This tool will allow urban and transportation planners to reduce re-balancing costs and to maximise user satisfaction at a low cost, which have a direct impact on improving the urban sustainability. The proposed method is applied to the Dublin bike sharing scheme, Dublinbikes, with good performance results.
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Manel, Nasri, und Kebbour Akram. „Heritage Values and Historical Significance of the Colonial Railway Built at the Algerian ?Sahara's Gateway“. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 15, Nr. 2 (06.03.2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2024-0008.
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This research aims to chronologically explore the historical development of Algeria's railway system and conduct an in-depth analysis of the Biskra city railway station's heritage values. It seeks to provide context for the specific case under investigation and advocate for the preservation and enhancement of the station's significance. The research comprises two phases: identifying the railway system in Algeria through a diachronic analysis and conducting a historical-architectural inquiry focused on the Biskra railway station. A qualitative methodology is employed, involving the examination of archival documents, historical accounts, geographical maps, and architectural drawings. The railway heritage in the Ziban region, facing obsolescence, warrants national recognition for its industrial and historical importance. The Biskra railway station symbolizes Algeria's history and industrial era, yet its contemporary utility decline mirrors other stations in the region facing disuse, threatening their heritage. Despite this, the station holds potential to chronicle humanity's industrial revolution. Industrial heritage, particularly railway heritage, remains underappreciated in Algeria, necessitating policy measures for management and social efforts for preservation. Recognizing and safeguarding this heritage requires legal frameworks, social mobilization, and active engagement from associations.
Received: 20 January 2023 / Accepted: 29 February 2024 / Published: 6 March 2024
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Yang, Liu, Liu, Liu und Gan. „Comprehensive Public Transport Service Accessibility Index—A New Approach Based on Degree Centrality and Gravity Model“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 20 (12.10.2019): 5634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205634.
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: Public transport accessibility (PTA) is an essential index for evaluating the efficiency of urban public transport resource and public service. Improving public transport accessibility is considered as the most effective way of alleviating urban congestion and promoting urban sustainability. PTA can be divided into three types, which are access to stations, accessibility of networks and access to activities. This paper focuses on evaluating access to public transport service at stations, considering walking time to stations and waiting time for services at stations. Numerous studies have been carried out on evaluating the accessibility of public transport stations. When building accessibility evaluation model, rare has seen different public transport modes as an integrated system. Hence the topological structure and geometrical layout of the system are not considered. In this paper, factors like the configuration of the public transport system and the surrounding environment of stations are included for the evaluation. The centrality of station index (COS) is presented to describe the importance of stations in the integrated public transport system. The COS index is an improved combination of the gravity model and degree centrality index of the complex network. This index improves the degree centrality index by replacing the number of nodes with weighted connections between stations. By modeling public transport operation, configuration and surroundings of stations, a comprehensive public transport service accessibility index (CPTAI) is formulated to quantify accessibility at the community level. To compute this index, a network analysis model is firstly applied to find the nearest station for each point of interest (POI) by using ArcGIS desktop 10.2, and the transport service frequency at the nearest station is measured. Then Baidu Map API is employed to measure the impedance indexes between stations in the integrated public transport network. Activities covered by stations within a given distance are seen as the generation and attraction of trips in between the stations. Then a weighted gravity model and COS is presented to calculate the integrated service frequency (ISF) for each POI afterward. In the end, the index is converted to the community level, which is CPTAI. The experiment is carried out in Wuhan metropolitan area, Hubei, China. Smart card data (SCD) is utilized to evaluate CPTAI and examine the association between commuting trips by public transport and accessibility level within Wuhan metropolitan area. Experimental results show that CPTAI has a significant statistical association with trips by public transport.
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Qiang, Li, Xing Yahong, Gu Zhihong, Liu ZhiWei, Qi HuiWen und Liu Zhuo. „Research on Distributed Energy Operation Model of Distribution Network in China“. E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913602014.
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With the development of China's social economy, the total demand for energy is increasing. Compared with traditional thermal power plants, natural gas distributed energy stations have many ad-vantages, which can realize the cascade utilization of energy, the efficiency of energy utilization can be im-proved. Using natural gas as fuel, SO2 and dust pollution can be eliminated, and improve the safety and reli-ability of power supply. However, the distributed energy station needs more capital investment during the project construction, but the distributed energy station has difficulty financing. Firstly, this paper introduces the environment of distributed energy policy in China, analyzes the current status of the China's natural gas distributed energy. Then, this paper summarizes the development of the Germany the energy industry pro-ject financing, and provides experience for the use of the financing methods of China's energy stations. Fi-nally, the model of China's natural gas energy construction is introduced from three aspects of investment, financing and engineering construction. The research results of this paper can provide experience for the project financing of the distributed energy station in China.
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Toso, San, Dadang Suprijatna und J. Jopie Gilalo. „ANALISIS YURIDIS FORUM KEMITRAAN POLISI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN MASALAH MELALUI MUSYAWARAH BERDASARKAN SKEP KAPOLRI NO. : SKEP/737/X/2005 TENTANG KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI KEPOLISIAN (Studi Kasus Polsek Bogor Utara)“. DE RECHTSSTAAT 2, Nr. 2 (01.09.2016): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jhd.v2i2.676.
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As a barometer of political stability, defense and security. Development of policy and strategy leadership of the Police on community policing (community policing) as a follow up of National Police chief SKEP No. Pol .: SKEP / 737 / X / 2005. The program is intended for the police closer to the community so that people are encouraged / motivated to cooperate with the police in assisting the principal task of the police to create security and order (security and public order). Identification of problems in this study were 1) How the duties and functions of the Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in society, 2) Any barriers and Efforts faced by Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in the community The purpose of this study was to determine the duties and functions FKPM, barriers, and efforts to resolve conflicts in society. In writing this essay, the writer used descriptive analytical research. This research method is used to make the description clear, systematic, transparent and precise about the facts / specific nature of the area and population which is then analyzed to obtain the desired facts. Results of this study concluded that the duties and functions of the Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in society in order to realize the maximum and community policing has not yet impact on the increasing public perception of the police. The direct impact of the policy community policing in all areas is simply the birth of the board-board FKPM. In terms of implementation, it appears less optimal competence of officers in the police station and police station level. Instructive culture within the police, which was adopted from the military norm policing policy making by officials on the ground is seen more as a mere 'implementation of new tasks' rather than the 'improvement of quality of service'.
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Arianti, Anita Renni, Novriyenni Novriyenni und Indah Ambarita. „The Grouping Of Types Of Tax Revenue In Binjai City Uses The K-Means Clustering Method Algorithm“. Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA) 3, Nr. 1 (05.10.2023): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.286.
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Taxes are a major source of state revenue. Without taxes, most activities of the country are difficult to implement. The use of tax money includes ranging from employee shopping to financing various development projects. Public utilities such as roads, Bridges, schools, hospitals/center facilities, police stations are financed with tax returns. Tax money is also used for financing to provide a sense of security for all levels of society. Every citizen from birth to death enjoys facilities or government services all funded with tax money.
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Tong, Xin, Yaowu Wang, Edwin H. W. Chan und Qingfeng Zhou. „Correlation between Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Land Use Catchment Areas, and Local Environmental Transformation“. Sustainability 10, Nr. 12 (05.12.2018): 4622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124622.
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Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been recognised as a sustainable planning approach and that is typically designed for a whole city. Individual land use characteristics and the causations have often been ignored. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to explore the factors that influence the land use catchment area (LCA) characteristics at a station neighborhood level. First, it contributes a methodology to measure the LCA by introducing a new concept. The density gradient was introduced to generate the scale and compactness degree of each station. Second, it provides a theoretical framework for understanding the causes of different LCAs. The partial least squares (PLS) regression model was employed to explore the accessibility effects. By analysing density gradient curves, it reveals that stations grew to fit the negative exponential function. Regarding the scale and form degree of LCAs, the impact of accessibility before and after a station construction have been corroborated. Moreover, the effects of facilities function before construction, distance from main roads, and elevated stations have been emphasized. The results provide support for a more sophisticated concept of catchment area relating to land use at the level of an individual TOD station, while shedding light on the benefits of those engaged in the future design of TOD with due consideration of the local physical environments.
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Lefevre, Alexandre, Bruno Malet-Damour, Harry Boyer und Garry Rivière. „Advancing Urban Microclimate Monitoring: The Development of an Environmental Data Measurement Station Using a Low-Tech Approach“. Sustainability 16, Nr. 7 (08.04.2024): 3093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16073093.
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Researchers studying urban climates aim to understand phenomena like urban heat islands (UHIs), which describe temperature differences between urban and rural areas. However, studies often lack numerous measurement points and frequently overlook parameters like radiation and air velocity due to the high cost of precision instrumentation. This results in data with a low resolution, particularly in tropical cities where official weather stations are scarce. This research introduces a new, low-tech tool for district-level outdoor thermal comfort assessment and UHI characterization to address these challenges. The automated weather station employs sensors to measure temperature, humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, and globe temperature. The paper details these sensors’ rigorous selection and validation process, followed by a description of the sensor assembly, data acquisition chain, and network operation mechanisms. Calibration outcomes in laboratory and in situ environments highlight the station’s reliability, even in tropical conditions. In conclusion, this weather station offers a cost-effective solution to gathering high-resolution data in urban areas, enabling an improved understanding of the UHI phenomenon and the refinement of urban microclimate numerical models.
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Moitsadi, Zitha, Mmabatho P. Aphane, Lerato Mofokeng und Jacob T. Mofokeng. „Evaluation of Trainees’ Post-Training Competency in the South African Police Service“. Publica: Jurnal Pemikiran Administrasi Negara 16, Nr. 1 (21.02.2024): 34–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jpan.v16i1.33618.
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This paper presents the findings on the respondents’ perceptions of trainees’ competency after completing training. A survey was conducted among 329 respondents from 13 police stations in the Johannesburg policing area using a questionnaire. The findings revealed that contextual factors, namely effectiveness, training environment and trainer’s skills as well as adequate resources towards development have a positive impact on the programme conducted at the training centres. Furthermore, the findings highlighted that the respondents were of the view that, since the inception of new methods of training after the 1994 democratic elections, the South African Police Service (SAPS) had demonstrated a progressive development towards responding to community matters. However, there were gaps in the training and development programmes such as lack of resources, the blanket approach to training and the training models focusing on current challenges rather than future trends. To address these challenges within the SAPS and ensure that there is effective training and development for organisational performance, there is a need to ensure that there are adequate resources for training and development. The training and development procedures within the SAPS also need to adopt international standards. The management at the Johannesburg Training Centre also needs to come up with an effective strategy to identify the needs and skills gaps of employees and ensure that these are addressed in an ever-changing and improving training and development strategy. This study provides critical input and makes a contribution to the literature related to training in the SAPS in South Africa.
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Bateman, Tim. „Book Review: Defending suspects at police stations: the practitioner’s guide to advice and representation“. Youth Justice 4, Nr. 2 (August 2004): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147322540400400207.
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Shafiq, Aqib, Sheeraz Iqbal, Salman Habib, Atiq ur Rehman, Anis ur Rehman, Ali Selim, Emad M. Ahmed und Salah Kamel. „Solar PV-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Security Bikes: A Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 21 (24.10.2022): 13767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113767.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more attractive for a variety of reasons. One of the major advantages of EVs is that they emit fewer polluted gases. Other factors that must be addressed include an increase in fuel prices and a decline in energy resources such as fossil fuels. These characteristics have a greater impact on Pakistan’s clean and green image. Electric vehicles are becoming an attractive option for reducing global fossil fuel usage, as well as CO2 emissions, from road transportation. The electricity required to charge an EV’s battery is commonly sourced from the power grid. When EVs are charged by the electrical grid, there are significant power constraints in the system. To promote renewable energy consumption and reduce CO2 emissions, specific solar system-based charging stations should be designed. Other benefits of renewable energy generation include increased grid flexibility and reduced grid congestion. Moreover, the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan, has a huge potential for solar energy. This article investigates the possibility of designing a solar photovoltaic-based EV charging station for security bikes located in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Before installing a PV charging station, the charging station’s feasibility must be studied. The proposed study also analyzes the power reliability, energy cost, and CO2 emissions of a PV-powered charging station. The proposed system’s outcomes are compared to grid-based charging stations. In comparison to other existing approaches, there is a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including CO2, CO, SO2, and NOX. The proposed study anticipates the economic and environmental benefits of EV charging stations powered by renewable energy resources.