Dissertationen zum Thema „Détection de l'ADN“
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Diakité, Mohamed Lémine Youba. „Microsystème pour la détection sans marquage de l'ADN par instabilités électrohydrodynamiques“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066179.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMerheb, Maxime Mohamad. „Détection et identification de l'ADN dégradé : nouvelles approches moléculaires et biophysiques“. Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0616.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpecies identification is a key issue in many topical fields such as food forensics, medicine, paleontology, etc. . In processed products (animal or plant), identification based on morphological characters is not possible because no diagnostic test is available, hence the need to use identification methods based on DNA amplification by PCR (DNA barcoding). However, in degraded substrates, this molecule is sometimes unavailable to PCR due to the presence of inhibitors and / or chemical modifications that block the activity of Taq polymerase. In the first part, this thesis develops a methodology for extracting and amplifying DNA from leather, taken as a model of a product which is highly resistant to molecular analysis due to the treatments used in its manufacture. Indeed, the DNA in worked skin is highly degraded, chemically modified and more specifically it is co-extracted with inhibitors of PCR (dyes and tannins). In addition to the important applications in fraud prevention and biodiversity protection, restoration of historical musical instruments was an important goal of our approach. As new enzymatic treatments (DNA repair) are currently limited to already amplifiable DNA substrates, it is necessary to develop a new approach for DNA inaccessible by PCR. Thus, the second part of this thesis develops a new non-enzymatic method. This physical detection of DNA is based on vibrational Raman spectroscopy (SERRS, Surface Enhanced Resonant Raman Spectroscopy). In the future, this approach could replace the PCR, and be applied for rapid and reliable molecular diagnosis, especially in medical tests
Regulus, Peggy. „Détection, caractérisation et mesure d'un nouveau dommage radio-induit de l'ADN isolé cellulaire“. Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134380.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuez, Pierre. „Détection et quantification de dégâts oxydatifs à l'ADN cellulaire. Rôle photosensibilisant des porphyrines endogènes“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGentil, Cédric. „Détection de l'hybridation de l'ADN sur réseaux de transistors à effet de champ avec fixation polylysine“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00110298.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLa première partie de ce travail détaille les expériences nous ayant permis de montrer le faisabilité d'une détection électronique d'abord de polylysine, puis d'ADN sur une réseau d'EOSFETs. Des micro- ou macro-gouttelettes de solutions contenant ces bio-polymères chargés ont été déposées en des endroits prédéfinis sur les réseaux de capteurs. Ces dépots locaux induisent des variations des caractéristiques courant-tension des transistors exposés, pouvant être corrélées à un apport de charges soit positives dans le cas de la polylysine, soit négatives en ce qui concerne l'ADN. Le signal électronique est proportionnel au nombre moyen d'oligonucléotides de 20 bases par unité de surface, tant que celui-ci reste inférieur à 1000-10000 molécules par µm², avec une variation de 10 mV pour 100 à 1000 molécules déposées par µm². Une saturation du signal électronique est observée au delà. La détection de micro-dépots de faibles concentrations en bio-polymères est limitée par l'existence de signaux électroniques parasites observés avec des solutions servant aux dilutions. La variations des signaux électroniques en fonction de la concentration en sel a également été caractérisée.
L'utilisation d'un protocole d'hybridation sur fixation polylysine, sans étape de blocage visant à limiter l'adsorption non spécifique de cibles a conduit à la mise en évidence d'un signal différentiel de l'ordre de 5 mV lors d'hybridations et de mesures dans un électrolyte de KCl 20 mM. L'hybridation à haut sel et la détection à bas sel permettent d'obtenir des différences d'environ 15 mV. Aucun signal électronique significatif d'appariement n'a été observé en utilisant un bloqueur. La sensibilité de détection électronique de l'hybridation, estimée à 100-1000 double-brins de 20 paires de bases par µm² est proche de celle associée à la technique classique de fluorescence (0,5 à 80 double-brins par µm²).
Le, Roux Goglin Emilie. „Détection des mutations de /TP53/ et /CTNNB1/ dans l'ADN tumoral ou plasmatique : signification comme biomarqueurs de l'hépatocancérogenèse“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLe, Roux Émilie. „Détection des mutations de TP53 et CTNNB1 dans l'ADN tumoral ou plasmatique : signification comme biomarqueurs de l'hépathocancérogenèse“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequent in tropical regions where its diagnosis is late and its treatments are inefficient. Early diagnosis implies identification of HCC specific molecular markers which can be detectable in easily collected samples such as blood samples. In this work, we have studied the interest of mutations in TP53 and CTNNB1 genes as biomarkers for early detection and determination of HCC etiology. On one hand, we have analysed a specific mutation at codon 249 of TP53 gene (Ser249). We have shown that variations in concentration of Ser249 mutation in circulating DNA are a marker of exposure to aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus, and that they may predict hepatocarcinogenesis. On the other hand, we have observed that mutations in TP53 and CTNNB1 genes can occur in the same HCC revealing complex mechanisms integrating the two pathways depending on etiology. Understanding these mechanisms will allow us to determine the value of mutations as molecular markers of HCC
MEYER, Vincent. „Détection d'homologies lointaines à faibles identités de séquences : Application aux protéines de la signalisation des dommages de l'ADN“. Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361212.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeyer, Vincent. „Détection d'homologies lointaines à faibles identités de séquences : Application aux protéines de la signalisation des dommages de l'ADN“. Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of my PhD thesis lay in the development of a new automatic approach for efficiently detecting remote homologues lost in the non significant output of PSI-BLAST program. My strategy is based on a two steps procedure : first, we take advantage of secondary structure predictions, second, based on the recent development of highly sensitive profil/profil comparison method. The method was initially calibrated on a sequence database. This database gathers sequences of domains whose structures so that effective existence of remote homologies could be controlled. This step was essential to deduce the optimal thresholds leading to the best detection capabilities for a semi-automatic use of the program. In a second step, the method was tested on a set of 100 protein sequences involved in DNA damage signalling and repair. Through various examples, we show the potentialities of the developed program for the large scale analysis of remote homologies in protein sequences. In particular, my work stimulated a new hypothesis for the understanding of the defects observed in a rare disease, the Nijmejen breakage syndrome, brought about by a mutation in the Nbs1 gene
Garlan, Fanny. „Nouvelles méthodes de détection de l'ADN tumoral circulant par PCR digitale en gouttelettes : application au suivi des patients“. Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB108/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCirculating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carries tumor-specific alterations that are detectable by minimally invasive sampling. It represents a highly pertinent marker for cancer monitoring during patients’ follow-up. CtDNA detection requires a highly sensitive and quantitative technique. In this context, this project focused on ctDNA quantification and monitoring by picoliter-droplet digital PCR. Thanks to the compartmentalization in millions of picoliter droplets, this tool allowed the detection of single DNA molecule with a sensitivity reaching 0.001%. Testing of ctDNA was performed through the evaluation of different potential biomarkers: specific mutations, ctDNA fragmentation, and hypermethylation of target sequences. On one hand, we observed in cancer patients that ctDNA is more fragmented than wild-type DNA, and, globally more fragmented than circulating DNA in healthy individuals. On the other hand, a strong correlation between percentages of hypermethylated and mutated DNA was observed during the follow-up of patients. Such results suggest the feasibility to precisely and quantitatively monitor ctDNA by the evaluation of hypermethylation as an alternative to the determination of mutational status. We have applied such ctDNA detection strategies in the context of two clinical studies. The PLACOL study, enrolling 82 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, allowed to highlight two prognostic factors: a ctDNA concentration threshold of 0.1 ng / mL, and the evaluation of ctDNA decreasing slope. In the second study, ctDNA was monitored in 11 melanoma patients in the context of a targeted therapy (vemurafenib). An inverse correlation between the concentrations of vemurafenib and ctDNA was demonstrated. These results suggest the clinical relevancy of ctDNA in advanced cancer patients, for the optimization of therapeutic management
Abdelkader, Zebda. „Propriétés microstructurales et électriques d'électrodes d'oxydes SnO2 et Cdln2O4 : application à la détection électrochimique directe de l'hybridation de l'ADN“. Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0024.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTwo kinds of metallic transparent and conductive oxides - SnO2 and CdIn2O4 - have been deposited in thin films using the aerosol pyrolysis technique. They have been used as semi-conductor electrodes in view of the label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization. The deposition conditions have been modified in order to obtain films exhibiting different characteristic. The correlations between micro structural and electrical properties of the as-deposited electrodes and their sensitivity to DNA hybridization have been particularly studied. The major result shows that the sensitivity to DNA hybridization of the studied semi-conductor electrodes is linked to the electrical resistivity of the electrodes. This is particularly true in the case of Cdln2O4 films, the microstructure of which exhibiting nearly no evolution. Ln contrast, in the case of the SnO2 films, the microstructure is an important parameter as well as the electrical resistivity
Meddeb, Romain. „Détection et quantification de l'ADN circulant : conditions pré-analytiques et applications pour le suivi des patients atteints de cancer colorectal“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT037.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe analysis of circulating DNA has already demonstrated its potential in oncology as a biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis of relapses, detection of minimal residual disease, monitoring tumor clonal evolution and acquired resistances, as well as a theranostic tool in predicting the efficacy of some targeted therapies. But apart from the recent approval by the FDA of two tests for the detection of EGFR gene alterations in circulating tumor DNA before the initiation of treatment with Gefitinib or Afatinib in non-small cell lung cancer, no application of circulating DNA in oncology has yet been validated in clinical practice. One of the main hurdles that has been well identified for several years, and therefore one of the main challenges for the scientific and medical community, is the harmonization and standardization of pre-analytical procedures for sample processing and associated analytical techniques. In addition, it seems that other recent issues have emerged, including the need for procedures adapted to particular clinical applications. Still with the aim of optimizing the analysis of circulating DNA, one of the two objectives of my thesis project was to study the influence of pre-analytical and demographic parameters on the quantification of circulating nuclear and mitochondrial DNA on a cohort of 104 healthy individuals and 118 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In particular, we showed a significant difference between healthy individuals with an age below and above or equal to the median value (Mann-Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.009), and between females and males (Whitney U test, Pvalue = 0.048). Multivariate analysis of these data then confirmed that age was the only predictive factor of a high nuclear-related circulating DNA concentration in our healthy individuals’ cohort (Odd Ratio = 2.41, Pvalue = 0.033). All other parameters studied did not show any influence on the quantification of nuclear or mitochondrial circulating DNA in healthy individuals or patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. In a second step, aware of the difficulties observed in the literature regarding the lack of harmonization and heterogeneity of results, we proposed a more complete and detailed guideline than that proposed by El Messaoudi et al in 2015, but mainly adapted to different clinical applications in oncology and other fields such as organ transplantation and non-invasive prenatal testing. Based on our own observations and a non-exhaustive review of the literature, this guideline is only validated for the analysis of nuclear circulating DNA. Specificities relative to the study of mitochondrial circulating DNA are now established and require a guideline entirely dedicated to its analysis. The second objective of my thesis project was to evaluate the prognostic value of circulating DNA analysis in the early detection of recurrences in patients curatively treated for stage II/III colorectal cancer, as part of a prospective multicentric clinical study called "DNAcir" promoted by the Limoges University Hospital. At this stage, the results of this project are preliminary and therefore the hypothesis made in this manuscript should be taken with caution. In addition, this thesis work provide a recent review of the literature in the field of circulating DNA and their clinical applications, while providing new knowledge on pre-analytical treatment of samples and also opening up new avenues for reflection, particularly on the potential effect of surgery on the quantification of circulating DNA, or even adjuvant therapy if necessary
Kaddoum, Lara. „La protéine MeCP2 : étude de son implication dans la réponse aux dommages à l'ADN et développement de nouveaux outils pour sa détection“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1683/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRett syndrome is a severe and progressive X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder that affects 1/10000 female birth. RTT is caused by mutations in the mecp2 gene, encoding the Methyl CpG binding Protein 2. MeCP2 binds to methylated DNA and has several roles in: transcription activation or repression, chromatin remodeling, alternative splicing of mRNA. . . Initially, my thesis project was to explore the hypothesis that MeCP2 may be able to transfer between cells. My results suggest that this phenomenon appears after cell fixation with acetone and doesn't occur in vivo. This work, however, allowed us to develop a new staining method to detect and localize proteins in mammalian cells using the split-GFP system. Within the frame of this project, I have also produced antibodies specific for each of the two MeCP2 isoforms. These novel antibodies should prove to be interesting tools to understand the role of each isoform in the pathology of Rett syndrome. More recently, my work was focalized on the relationship between MeCP2 and DNA damage. I was able to show that MeCP2 accumulates on DNA damage. Future work will be aimed at understanding the mechanisms involved in this newly uncovered function of MeCP2, and will hopefully improve our understanding of Rett syndrome pathogenesis
Liu, Wei. „Détection et évaluation de la cyto-génotoxicité des métaux par l'étude du métabolisme bioénergétique cellulaire et des lésions primaires de l'ADN : exemple du chrome“. Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20687.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJagoueix, Sandrine. „Liberobacter africanum et liberobacter asiaticum, les bactéries associées à la maladie du greening des agrumes : caractérisation, phylogénie et détection par l'étude de l'ADN ribosomique 16S“. Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR28363.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDubois, Véronique. „Détection de l'ADN du virus JC dans les leucocytes sanguins de patients infectés par le VIH et de patients immunodéprimés non infectés par le VIH“. Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGodard, Thierry. „Dommages à l'ADN et test des comètes : application à la détection de l'apoptose in vitro et à l'identification in vivo des organes cibles de produits génotoxiques“. Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN4061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBournique, Bruno. „Détection de l'ADN proviral du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine type 1 par "polymerase chain reaction" (PCR) : validation technique et clinique, étude de sujets séronégatifs à risque“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD540.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCuissot, Coeytaux Karen. „Inhibition de la ribonucléotide réductase par les oydes d'azote. Détection des domaines non-repliés dans les séquences protéiques. Application aux protéines de la réparation de l'ADN“. Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA11T034.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNguyen, Hieu Tung. „Détection des microorganismes à partir de la pulpe dentaire ancienne“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5031/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReviewing the literature shows that dental pulp is a useful source for bacteremic and paleomicrobiological diagnoses. In the first work, an experimental model of DNA degradation of the murine macrophage cell line J774 and Mycobacterium smegmatis by exposure to 90°C dry heat showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) of fragmentation level between bacterial and eukaryotic DNA. These results suggest that paleomicrobiological diagnosis can detect more large fragments of bacterial DNA from ancient buried specimens. In the second work, a system of rapid detection of seven pathogens by multiplex real-time PCR was used for detecting suspected pathogens from dental pulp of 1192 ancient teeth collected from 12 multiple burials including a mass grave in Douai, 1710 – 1712. After the Bartonella quintana detection in this site, real-time nested PCR and ultra-sensitive “suicide PCR” were used to confirm the presence of Rickettsia prowazekii strain Madrid E genotype B in 6/55 dental pulp specimens collected from 6/21 (29%) skeletons of soldiers buried in Douai.These results support the hypothesis that typhus was imported into Europe by Spanish soldiers from America. In the last work, DNA extracted from 5 dental pulp specimens collected from multiple burials at Issoudun, 17th – 18th centuries, was analyzed by pyrosequencing which detected Yersinia pestis sequences in the metagenome. For paleomicrobiology, pyrosequencing is a sensitive technic which can be used as baseline test to detect both suspected and unexpected pathogens from ancient specimens. We named this new approach «paleometagenomics»
Fiche, Jean-Bernard. „Etudes thermiques des puces à ADN par imagerie de résonance des plasmons de surface (SPRi) : vers la détection de mutations ponctuelles“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE10201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLn the space of one decade, DNA-chips became tools which cannot be ignored in the present scientific context. Placed at the interface between traditional disciplines, th. Ey are currently used for gene expression studies, SNP detection or who le genome analysis. This work uses for the first time surface plasmon resonance imaging coupled with tempe rature control - from 20°C to 80°C - applied to DNA-chip studies. Ln the first part, we study the DNA hybridization process on a solid support from a both kinetic and thermodynamic point of view, assuming the theoretical Langmuir model, ΔH and ΔS parameters are estimated as a function of probes length and show a non-conventional behaviour compared to the theoretical prediction. We assume that it could be due to a lack of accessibility on the DNA-chip surface. The second part is dedicated to point mutation detection using tempe rature scan technique. Our results, obtained with two models (K-ras and Cycline D1), are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in solution and let assume that this method could be applied for SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) detection on biological samples. A last application concerns the DNAglycosylase Fpg interactions with damaged DNA duplexes. Two lesions, 8-oxo-guanine and 5',8Cyclo-2'-desoxyadenosine, are used and Fpg enzymatic activity is only detected for the first one using an original thermal method
Lansac, Nicolas. „Développement de tests de diagnostic rapides basés sur l'ADN permettant la détection et l'identification de Neisseria spp., Neisseria meningitidis, Listeria monocytogenes ainsi que d'autres pathogènes associés à la méningite bactérienne“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0023/MQ51149.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBarbier, Valessa. „Développement, étude et applications de nouvelles matrices "intelligentes" pour l'analyse automatisée d'ADN par électrophorèse : séquençage, cartographie et diagnostic“. Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066388.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKim, Hwanuk. „Etude de l'électroluminescence de complexe de ruthénium sur polymère conducteur électronique et de la transduction électrochimique par des films de polypyrrole-3 substitué en vue de la détection de l'hybridation de l'ADN“. Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10085.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe study of this work concernes the detection of hybridization between DNA probes anchoring to a ECP film (ECP, electronic conductin pol ymer) and DNA target in solution. Two methodes have been investigated. The first is based on the variation of the ECP electroactivity. Nevertheless, this way is not enough sensitive to be used as a detection method. Indeed the ECP eiectroactivity change strongly in function of the analytical medium. The second method used the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) as a tool to detect the recognition DNAprobe/DNAtarget. We have studied the ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ to the interface of an ECP film. From a good agreement between the potential value to induce the ECL process and the electronic conductivity of ECP, the ECL of Ru(bpy)32+ onto an ECP film is then possible
Haguenoer, Ken. „Le projet Apache : détection de papillomavirus humains oncogènes par auto-prélèvement vaginal sec : une altlernative pour les femmes ne participant pas au dépistage du cancer du col de l'utérus ?“ Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077160.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aim of this study was to assess, for cervical cancer screening, the accuracy of vaginal self-collection transported dry (vsc-DRY) or in liquid medium (vsc-LIQ) for the detection of cervical infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) and to assess the effectiveness of home-mailed kit for vaginal self-sampling in unscreened women. As a first step, 722 women attending a Pap smear underwent a vsc-DRY and a vsc-LIQ. The sensitivity and specificity of vsc-DRY (88. 7% and 92. 5%) and vsc-LIQ (87. 4% and 90. 9%) for detecting cervical HPV infections were high. The vsc-DRY is accurate for the detection of cervical HPV infections. This low-cost and easy-to-ship sampling method was selected for the second phase of our project. As a second step, 6000 women aged 30 to 65 years, unscreened for more than 3 years, living in Indre-et-Loire were randomized into 3 groups: no intervention, recall letter to have a Pap smear or home-mailed vaginal self-sampling kit. Nine months after randomization, participation was significantly higher in the "self-sampling" group (22. 5%) than in the "recall" group (11. 7%) and the "no intervention" group (9. 9%). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios per extra screened woman was 77. 8€ for the "recall" group and 63. 2€ for the "self-sampling" group, relative to the "no intervention" group. Offering an in-home, return-mail kit for vaginal self-sampling with a dry swab is more effective and cost¬effective than a recall letter in increasing participation in cervical-cancer screening
François, Mariel. „Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C : signification clinique et biologique“. Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR3801.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProd'Homme-Gentil, Delphine. „Détection et étude de la localisation de l'ARN polymérase ARN-dépendante du virus de la mosai͏̈que jaune du navet (TYMV)“. Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077157.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrosseau, Jean-Philippe. „Détection, annotation fonctionnelle et régulation des isoformes de l'épissage alternatif associées au cancer de l'ovaire“. Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6652.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWetzel, Thierry. „Obtention d'outils moléculaires pour la détection et la différenciation du virus de la sharka (PPV) : clonage de l'ARN génomique d'une nouvelle souche de PPV“. Bordeaux 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR22016.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJana, Subha. „Biodetection using fluorescence energy transfer from Quantum dot excited whispering gallery modes to fluorescent acceptors“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS081.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuantification of specific biomarkers is an important diagnostic tool. Standard immunoassays such as ELISA require extensive washing steps and signal amplification, in particular when the biomarker of interest is only present at very low concentrations. On the other hand, non-radiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been used to design one-step homogenous bioassays which do not require any washing steps, where the biomarker enables the formation of a sandwich complex involving donor-labeled and acceptor-labeled antibodies. FRET from the donor to the acceptor then provides an optical signature of the complex formation, hence of the biomarker of interest. However, FRET which is highly sensitive to the donor-acceptor distance, only occurs in a significant rate when the distance between the donor and acceptor is less than 10 nanometers; thus the large size of many biological complexes limits the efficiency of energy transfer, preventing sensitive detection. Here I propose a novel energy transfer modality that uses solution-phase optical microcavities to enhance energy transfer. Following that, I describe a bio-sensing scheme designed to detect a cancer biomarker DNA in solution.To this aim, I have designed microcavity structures in which fluorescent colloidal quantum dots are located inside dielectric polymer microspheres to enable strong coupling of their fluorescence emission with the cavity resonance modes or whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of the microspheres. A detailed study was carried out to comprehend the structural and optical properties of these optical microcavities. I also characterized the energy transfer between these modes and acceptor dye-loaded nanoparticles present in the evanescent field, within a few tens of nanometers above the microsphere surface. An analytical model was constructed to provide insights into the WGM mediated energy transfer (WGET) mechanisms. Moreover, a comparison between WGET and FRET revealed the superiority of WGET in the context of building sensors with improved sensitivity and longer range of detection. In the last part of the thesis, a strategy is discussed in detail to provide biological functionalities to these optical microcavities which would enable them to interact with target analytes such as DNA, RNA, and proteins with high specificity, and moreover to reduce non-specific interactions. This strategy then was adapted to attach DNA capture probes onto the WGM enabled microcavities. Using the DNA attached microspheres as optical donor in combination with probe-DNA functionalized dye nanoparticles as optical acceptors, a biosensing assay has been successfully demonstrated to detect a cancer biomarker DNA called survivin in the solution phase. This assay did not only show good sensitivity towards the target, but also it has proven to be highly specific. The detection scheme has been demonstrated in a sophisticated confocal microscope at the single microsphere level, then successfully translated to a much simpler spectrofluorometer that measures fluorescence from the whole sample solution; the signature of the sandwich complex formation was also effectively detected.In conclusion, I demonstrated that microcavity-assisted energy transfer has several advantages over regular FRET assays. A real bio-sensing assay based on the WGET principle has also been successfully designed to detect cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. This study thus opens up many possibilities to design high-performing and more accurate assays to detect varieties of biological entities
Maylin, Sarah. „Détection de l'ARN du virus de l'hépatite C dans le foie et les cellules mononuclées du sang : nouvelle approche pour étudier l'éradication virale, la sévérité de la maladie et la réponse au traitement“. Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077252.
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