Dissertationen zum Thema „Détection de CO₂“
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Salman, Mayla. „Détection et signalisation du monoxyde de carbone chez des bactéries aérobies - Hémo-senseur RcoM-2 et réponses mycobactériennes au CO“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX076.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe toxic gas CO can act in low quantities as signaling molecule; detected by heme-based sensor proteins.The CO-dependent transcription factor RcoM-2 has a very high affinity for CO, while being insensitive to O₂. RcoM-2 binds to DNA only when CO is bound to heme. We characterized the heme-CO interaction in full-length RcoM-2 and compared it with the isolated heme domain RcoMH-2. RcoM-2 can bind CO with lower effective affinity than RcoMH-2. CO dissociates with a 20-fold higher rate than in RcoMH-2, where CO binding is almost irreversible. A small fraction of CO can escape from the protein, thus allowing RcoM-2 to act as CO sensor. The presence of the DNA binding domain influences the binding properties of CO to heme. Identification of the precise molecular origin of the dynamic properties must await the 3D structure RcoM-2.CO detection is crucial for Mtb, the infectious agent of tuberculosis that must overcome the host's defense mechanisms, including CO. The gene cor (rv1829) has been implicated in these processes. We have shown that Cor is a highly stable dimer that is able to stoichiometrically bind a heme cofactor, suggesting a potential function as direct CO sensor. A histidine residue was identified as potential heme ligand. The internal CO dynamics is very similar to other bacterial CO sensors. Cor exhibits DNA binding activity that depends on the presence of heme and CO, which is abolished in the H70A mutant. Our studies also showed that the transcriptional regulator Rv0081, induced in response to gaz changes, can bind to the predicted regulatory region of cor. The creation of a Δcor strain in the non- pathogenic model M. smegmatis continues and will be a first step towards transcriptomic analyzes
Henry, Lucas. „Sondes multimodales Re(CO)₃ pour la détection intracellulaire : synthèse, étude physico-chimique et sur cellules“. Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuestions of intracellular detection and cell-mediated localization of transition metal complexes are major in the context of metal complex development in biology and medicine. A compound must reach its cellular target to be pharmacologi- cally active: the localization is therefore a key parameter of activity. To study it, it is necessary to have probes and cell imaging techniques. Metal carbonyls are ideal candidates for multimodal bioimaging in fluorescence, infrared and X-ray fluorescence imaging. As they have been developed as "Single Core Multimodal Probe for Imaging" (SCoMPI), this thesis deals with the development, the study and the use of a rhenium-tricarbonyl unit [LRe(CO)₃X] (L = pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole, X = Cl−) as X-ray fluorescence probe for cellular imaging. We conjugated the Re(CO)₃ graftable probe to compounds of interest (hyaluronic acid, ferrocifens) in order to study their penetration and location in cells or in the skin, and we modified Re(CO)3 conjugates by organelles targeting groups (TPP, peptide, etc.) in order to develop species that were characterized in biological context by different analytical techniques and imaged by different microscopy techniques
Khelladi, Djamel Eddine. „Co-évolution des contraintes OCL suite à l'évolution des métamodèles“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066335.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm promotes the use of models and modeling languages during the development process aiming at a better quality and productivity. Metamodels are core components of any modeling language ecosystem to define structural aspects of a business domain. As a complement, the Object Constraint Language (OCL) is used to specify detailed aspects of the business domain, e.g. more than 750 constraints come with the UML metamodel. Unfortunately, metamodels are subject to a constant change and evolution which impacts the defined OCL constraints that may need to be co-evolved as well. Although several approaches have been proposed to detect metamodel changes during evolution and to use them to co-evolve OCL constraints. They still cannot detect a complete and a correct evolution trace of the metamodel while proposing a unique resolution per impacted OCL constraint whereas multiple and alternative ones can be applied. In this thesis, we propose an approach to detect metamodel changes during evolution while aiming at completeness and high precision. Our detection approach considers both atomic and complex changes during evolution. In addition, we propose a dedicated approach to co-evolve OCL constraints while considering alternative resolutions and ensuring that only the appropriate resolutions are proposed to the user for each impacted OCL constraint. Our validation shows on the one hand that a 100% recall is always reached in our case studies with an average precision of 70.75%, which is improved by our heuristics up to 91% and 100% in some cases. On the other hand, an average of 92% and 93% of respectively syntactically and semantically correct OCL co-evolution are reached in our case studies. Both approaches are implemented as plugins for the Eclipse IDE a wide-spread development environment for software developers. The plugins are under test by our industrial partners in the ANR MoNoGe project. This PhD resulted in eight published papers and three other papers are currently under submission/revision phase
Mao, Yuxiao. „Détection dynamique d'attaques logicielles et matérielles basée sur l'analyse de signaux microarchitecturaux“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ISAT0015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn recent years, computer systems have evolved quickly. This evolution concerns different layers of the system, both software (operating systems and user programs) and hardware (microarchitecture design and chip technology). While this evolution allows to enrich the functionalities and improve the performance, it has also increased the complexity of the systems. It is difficult, if not impossible, to fully understand a particular modern computer system, and a greater complexity also stands for a larger attack surface for hackers. While most of the attacks target software vulnerabilities, over the past two decades, attacks exploiting hardware vulnerabilities have emerged and demonstrated their serious impact. For example, in 2018, the Spectre and Meltdown attacks have been disclosed, that exploited vulnerabilities in the microarchitecture layer to allow powerful arbitrary reads, and highlighted the security issues that can arise from certain optimizations of system microarchitecture. Detecting and preventing such attacks is not intuitive and there are many challenges to deal with: (1) the great difficulty in identifying sources of vulnerability implied by the high level of complexity and variability of different microarchitectures; (2) the significant impact of countermeasures on overall performance and on modifications to the system's hardware microarchitecture generally not desired; and (3) the necessity to design countermeasures able to adapt to the evolution of the attack after deployment of the system. To face these challenges, this thesis focuses on the use of information available at the microarchitecture level to build efficient attack detection methods.In particular, we describe a framework allowing the dynamic detection of attacks that leave fingerprints at the system's microarchitecture layer. This framework proposes: (1) the use microarchitectural information for attack detection, which can effectively cover attacks targeting microarchitectural vulnerabilities; (2) a methodology that assists designers in selecting relevant microarchitectural information to extract; (3) the use of dedicated connections for the transmission of information extracted, in order to ensure high transmission bandwidth and prevent data loss; and (4) the use of reconfigurable hardware in conjunction with software to implement attack detection logic. This combination (composing to the so-called detection module) reduces the performance overhead through hardware acceleration, and allows updating detection logic during the system lifetime with reconfiguration in order to adapt to the evolution of attacks. We present in detail the proposed architecture and modification needed on the operating system, the methodology for selecting appropriate microarchitectural information and for integrating this framework into a specific computer system, and we describe how the final system integrating our detection module is able to detect attacks and adapt to attack evolution. This thesis also provides two use-case studies implemented on a prototype (based on a RISC-V core with a Linux operating system) on an FPGA. It shows that, thanks to the analysis of microarchitectural information, relatively simple logic implemented in the detection module is sufficient to detect different classes of attacks (cache side-channel attack and ROP attack)
Marusic, Jean-Christophe. „Fabrication et caractérisation de capteurs potentiométriques à électrolyte solide pour la détection du CO¦2 gazeux“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0017/MQ46659.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCherubini, Aurélien. „Utilisation des méthodes de polarisation spontanée et polarisation provoquée pour la détection de CO₂ en milieu poreux carbonaté“. Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30005/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinimally intrusive geophysical methods are required to characterize both the vadose zone of the Earth, hydrocarbon reservoirs and CO₂ sequestration. We investigate the impact of gaseous CO₂ on both electrical conductivity and electrokinetic properties of limestones under saturated and unsaturated conditions, using the spectral induced polarization and the self-potential methods. These data are contrasted with measurements performed on a Fontainebleau sandstone and data from the literature. That said, the dependence of a key parameter, the streaming coupling coefficient, with the saturation remains highly debated. Using the self-potential method, we explore the relationship between the streaming potential coupling coefficient, the capillary pressure curves and the permeability in carbonate rocks characterized by distinct textures. A new core flooding system is used to measure simultaneously both the relative permeability, the resistivity index and the streaming potential coupling coefficient in steady-state two-phase flow conditions as a function of the saturation with CO₂ or N₂. The results are compared with a recently developed theoretical model, which can accommodate either the Brooks and Corey or the van Genuchten models for the capillary pressure curves. Saturation was achieved with monovalent and divalent brines with ionic strength ranging from 1x10⁻³ Mol L⁻¹ to 1x10⁰ Mol L⁻¹. The magnitude of the coupling coefficient increases with decreasing ionic strength similarly to the trend observed for sandstones. The zeta potential has been calculated at full saturation using a modified version of the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation that accounts for surface electrical conductivity. Under atmospheric conditions, the magnitude of the zeta potential is decreasing with the increase of the ionic strength. We also investigate the effects of a CO₂ release and the calcite dissolution on the magnitude of the zeta potential. Finally, we use the spectral induced polarization method to determine the pore water conductivity effects on the complex electrical conductivity, the normalized chargeability and the main relaxation time during drainage in a clay free limestone. We also show evidences that these parameters could be considered as polarization parameters of the electrical double layer in the pore water conductivity range 10⁻³ - 10⁰ S m⁻¹
Remy, Bertrand. „Étude et réalisation d'un imageur actif laser à compression d'impulsion“. Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112346.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe thesis describes the breadboard of an imaging CO₂ laser radar based upon the use of a CW waveguide single mode laser, heterodyne detection and chirp pulse compression. A theoretical model of the system is given: overall performance, angular, range and Doppler precisions are estimated, as well as the influence of heterodyne mixing, speckle, atmospheric turbulence and optical aberrations. An evaluation of several scanning devices is also given, that compares their performance as far as Doppler precision is concerned. Parametric optimization of this imaging system has 1ed to a total field of view of 0,5° x 1° (corresponding to 64 x 128 points). The 3 images Range-Doppler Velocity and Reflectivity are generated at a repetition rate of about 1,5 Hz. Field tests and experimental results confirm the theoretical investigations and help compare the relative interests of these new images in a wide range of applications
Philippe, Julien. „Technologie de fabrication et analyse de fonctionnement d'un système multi-physique de détection de masse à base de NEMS co-intégrés CMOS“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT099/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDuring these last decades, Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) techniques, well developed for transistors, have been used for the Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) devices. Thanks to the combination of different physical properties (such as electronic, mechanical, optical etc.) the fabrication of various kinds of miniaturized sensors has been made possible. The sub-µm downscaling of MEMS has allowed the emergence of a new kind of devices called NEMS (for Nano ElectroMechanical Systems) and the possible use of the electromechanical systems in specific applications in which a high level of sensitivity and resolution is necessary, such as gas sensing, mass spectrometry and molecules recognition, to replace traditional bulky machines. Nevertheless, the use of these NEMS requires a CMOS electronic to enhance NEMS resonators readout and to implement closed-loop oscillators (e.g. phase-locked loop or self-oscillating loop) that provide real-time mass measurements. The integration of the electronic circuit with the resonators is a critical aspect for the fabrication of high performance sensors. The best way consists in monolithically processing these two parts on the same die allowing a size reduction of the sensor and an optimal signal transmission between the NEMS resonators and the CMOS circuit. In a first time, this thesis proposes to analyze the interest of this co integration from an electrical point of view. In a second time, this thesis deals with the development of a 3D co integration in which the nano resonators are fabricated above the CMOS circuit and the interconnections. The final part is focused on the layout design considerations for the implementation of a compact mass sensor based on a NEMS array co integrated with a CMOS
Khelladi, Djamel Eddine. „Co-évolution des contraintes OCL suite à l'évolution des métamodèles“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066335.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModel-Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm promotes the use of models and modeling languages during the development process aiming at a better quality and productivity. Metamodels are core components of any modeling language ecosystem to define structural aspects of a business domain. As a complement, the Object Constraint Language (OCL) is used to specify detailed aspects of the business domain, e.g. more than 750 constraints come with the UML metamodel. Unfortunately, metamodels are subject to a constant change and evolution which impacts the defined OCL constraints that may need to be co-evolved as well. Although several approaches have been proposed to detect metamodel changes during evolution and to use them to co-evolve OCL constraints. They still cannot detect a complete and a correct evolution trace of the metamodel while proposing a unique resolution per impacted OCL constraint whereas multiple and alternative ones can be applied. In this thesis, we propose an approach to detect metamodel changes during evolution while aiming at completeness and high precision. Our detection approach considers both atomic and complex changes during evolution. In addition, we propose a dedicated approach to co-evolve OCL constraints while considering alternative resolutions and ensuring that only the appropriate resolutions are proposed to the user for each impacted OCL constraint. Our validation shows on the one hand that a 100% recall is always reached in our case studies with an average precision of 70.75%, which is improved by our heuristics up to 91% and 100% in some cases. On the other hand, an average of 92% and 93% of respectively syntactically and semantically correct OCL co-evolution are reached in our case studies. Both approaches are implemented as plugins for the Eclipse IDE a wide-spread development environment for software developers. The plugins are under test by our industrial partners in the ANR MoNoGe project. This PhD resulted in eight published papers and three other papers are currently under submission/revision phase
Baumeyer, Julien. „Co-manipulation sûre d’un robot de protonthérapie“. Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2015/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis PhD thesis takes place in a medical context of oncological treatments, more particularly in robotised protontherapy. The objective of this thesis, carried out under a CIFRE contract with LEONI CIA Cable Systems, is the development of a safe comanipulation control dedicated to a serial medical robot. This control law should allow an operator to intuitively and precisely manipulate a robot of high inertia for accurate patients positioning. The contributions of this thesis focus on the development and implementation of an admittance-controlled Orion robot from LEONI CIA Cable Systems and the comparison of three haptic devices, and on the other hand, on the development of a proprioceptive collision detection mechanism allowing the improvement of operational safety. Based on a review of the literature on compliant controls, we have developed and implemented an admittance control approach dedicated to the Orion robot, taking into account the discretization of the control by the controller specific to this robot. A comparison experiment on the robot allowed us to identify the haptic device best suited to the clinical case considered. Based on a state of the art of collision detection mechanisms analysis, a frequency approach of the modeling of the axial torque taking into account the high reduction ratios and different robot technology has been proposed. It allows us to finely model the torque theoretically provided by the motors ; The latter is then compared with the measurement of the torque actually produced in order to detect a possible collision
Jaafar, Abdallah. „Développement de matériaux poreux pour des applications de détection en optique intégrée dans le moyen infrarouge“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Rennes (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024URENS043.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntegrated sensors based on guided optical devices can efficiently and selectively detect pollutant molecules present in water, air, and environment. The porous structure allows the targeted molecules to penetrate into the pores, leads to volume detection. This characteristic greatly enhances the sensitivity and the ability to detect a very small number of molecules. In this study, two mid-infrared (mid-IR) transparent materials were investigated for the evelopment of integrated optical waveguides: porous silicon (PSi) and porous germanium (PGe). PSi is produced by electrochemical anodization and can be used up to a wavelength of 8 µm. PSi-based planar and ridge waveguides were developed from lightly or heavily P-doped silicon substrates. The effect of thermal oxidation treatment on the optical properties of the waveguides was investigated. Transduction tests were carried out to detect carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the mid-IR at around 4.3 µm wavelength. On the other hand, PGe is produced using bipolar electrochemical etching, extending the detection range to a wavelength of 14 µm. This material offers a considerable advantage for the development of an integrated optical sensor, as most polluting molecules have an absorption band in the mid-IR spectral range. Thin and homogeneous PGe layers were obtained. An initial test for the fabrication of a Bragg mirror was also conducted
Niaz, Usman. „Amélioration de la détection des concepts dans les vidéos en coupant de plus grandes tranches du monde visuel“. Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0040/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVisual material comprising images and videos is growing ever so rapidly over the internet and in our personal collections. This necessitates automatic understanding of the visual content which calls for the conception of intelligent methods to correctly index, search and retrieve images and videos. This thesis aims at improving the automatic detection of concepts in the internet videos by exploring all the available information and putting the most beneficial out of it to good use. Our contributions address various levels of the concept detection framework and can be divided into three main parts. The first part improves the Bag of Words (BOW) video representation model by proposing a novel BOW construction mechanism using concept labels and by including a refinement to the BOW signature based on the distribution of its elements. We then devise methods to incorporate knowledge from similar and dissimilar entities to build improved recognition models in the second part. Here we look at the potential information that the concepts share and build models for meta-concepts from which concept specific results are derived. This improves recognition for concepts lacking labeled examples. Lastly we contrive certain semi-supervised learning methods to get the best of the substantial amount of unlabeled data. We propose techniques to improve the semi-supervised cotraining algorithm with optimal view selection
Alhamwi, Ali. „Co-design hardware/software of real time vision system on FPGA for obstacle detection“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30342/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleObstacle detection, localization and occupancy map reconstruction are essential abilities for a mobile robot to navigate in an environment. Solutions based on passive monocular vision such as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) or optical flow (OF) require intensive computation. Systems based on these methods often rely on over-sized computation resources to meet real-time constraints. Inverse perspective mapping allows for obstacles detection at a low computational cost under the hypothesis of a flat ground observed during motion. It is thus possible to build an occupancy grid map by integrating obstacle detection over the course of the sensor. In this work we propose hardware/software system for obstacle detection, localization and 2D occupancy map reconstruction in real-time. The proposed system uses a FPGA-based design for vision and proprioceptive sensors for localization. Fusing this information allows for the construction of a simple environment model of the sensor surrounding. The resulting architecture is a low-cost, low-latency, high-throughput and low-power system
Niaz, Usman. „Amélioration de la détection des concepts dans les vidéos en coupant de plus grandes tranches du monde visuel“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVisual material comprising images and videos is growing ever so rapidly over the internet and in our personal collections. This necessitates automatic understanding of the visual content which calls for the conception of intelligent methods to correctly index, search and retrieve images and videos. This thesis aims at improving the automatic detection of concepts in the internet videos by exploring all the available information and putting the most beneficial out of it to good use. Our contributions address various levels of the concept detection framework and can be divided into three main parts. The first part improves the Bag of Words (BOW) video representation model by proposing a novel BOW construction mechanism using concept labels and by including a refinement to the BOW signature based on the distribution of its elements. We then devise methods to incorporate knowledge from similar and dissimilar entities to build improved recognition models in the second part. Here we look at the potential information that the concepts share and build models for meta-concepts from which concept specific results are derived. This improves recognition for concepts lacking labeled examples. Lastly we contrive certain semi-supervised learning methods to get the best of the substantial amount of unlabeled data. We propose techniques to improve the semi-supervised cotraining algorithm with optimal view selection
Tran, Dai Lam. „Capteur d'ADN à base d' un nouveau polymère conducteur fonctionnalisé : détection électrochimique directe de l' hybridation“. Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077120.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTropis, Cyril. „Analyse et Optimisation des performances d'un capteur de gaz à base de SnO2 nanoparticulaire : Application à la détection de CO et CO2“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459852.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTörtei, Dániel. „Co-design of architectures and algorithms for mobile robot localization and model-based detection of obstacles“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30294/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAn autonomous mobile platform is endowed with a navigational system which must contain multiple functional bricks: perception, localization, path planning and motion control. As soon as such a robot or vehicle moves in a crowded environment, it continously loops several tasks in real time: sending reference values to motors' actuators, calculating its position in respect to a known reference frame and detection of potential obstacles on its path. Thanks to semantic richness provided by images and to low cost of visual sensors, these tasks often exploit visual cues. Other embedded systems running on these mobile platforms thus demand for an additional integration of high-speed embeddable processing systems capable of treating abundant visual sensorial input in real-time. Moreover, constraints influencing the autonomy of the mobile platform impose low power consumption. This thesis proposes SOPC (System on a Programmable Chip) architectures for efficient embedding of vison-based localization and obstacle detection tasks in a navigational pipeline by making use of the software/hardware co-design methodology. The obtained results are equivalent or better in comparison to state-of-the-art for both EKF-SLAM based visual odometry: regarding the local map size management containing seven-dimensional landmarks and model-based detection-by-identification obstacle detection: algorithmic precision over execution speed metric
Bourdiol, Floriane. „Évaluation de l'écotoxicité de nanotubes de carbone en milieu aquatique à l'aide du modèle amphibien xenopus laevis : synthèse, protocoles d'exposition, détection et dosage“. Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2214/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe exponential rise in the production and the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) raises concerns about their spread in the environment. Nevertheless, few information is available about their potential ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms. Our work was based on a forward-looking approach at the laboratory scale, using an aquatic model, the amphibian larva of Xenopus laevis. The acute, chronic and genetic toxicities were assessed after the exposure of larvae to DWCNT or MWCNT suspensions prepared according to various dispersion protocols. The potential synergistic effects of raw DWCNTs and lead were also assessed. The ingestion of CNT could disrupt the intestinal transit and the assimilation of nutrients. The toxic responses seem to be modulated both by the kind of CNTs, their concentration, and their dispersion state, the nature of the dispersing agent, as well as the presence of lead and its concentration (co-exposure). The tracking and the quantitative analysis of CNTs in biological samples are still huge challenges. On the one hand, larvae were exposed to CNTs synthesized from 13C-enriched sources in order to investigate the principle of probing their presence using the 13C/12C ratio (isotopic labeling). Preliminary studies suggest an heterogeneous biomagnification of 13C-DWCNTs in the liver, which has to be confirmed by more extensive investigations. On the other hand, a new technique for the quantitative detection of CNTs was developed on larvae exposed to DWCNTs. It is based on the dielectric relaxation of the sample suspensions in a microwave electromagnetic field which allows the extrapolation of CNT concentrations from complex permittivity measurements
Lapeine, David. „Etude et optimisation de nouveaux types de capteurs pour la détection de polluants en milieu aquatique“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT256/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we introduce the study and implementation of micro-sensors for natural risk management systems. The specification focused on the possibilities to develop a pollutant sensor capable of detecting the presence of hydrocarbons in the lagoon environments of southern Montpellier.These sensors should be designed in a "low cost" gait, resistant to environmental constraints and able to communicate in real time. The first chapter is based on a bibliographical study of the different methods of measurement that can be used for the detection of pollutants and potential materials for making the sensor. The most suitable measurement technology to answer the first two points of the specification is based on the implementation of acoustic transducers made from PZT with a technological process using the screen-printing technique. After justifying our choice of screen-printing deposition technique, we have detailed in the second chapter the technological process: first with the achievement of PZT ink, then with the masks design, and finally with the steps deposition and functionalization of transducers on alumina substrate and without substrate. From these first achievements, we have submitted the means and characterization tools needed to evaluate the different steps of the technological process set up with a focus on the quality of the PZT material and its piezoelectric properties. It is first about morphological (SEM images, profilometer) and structural (XRD, EDX) studies, and then about the measurement of piezoelectric and dielectric values (piezometer, spectral and impedance analyses). In the third chapter we discussed the sensor, with the production of prototypes based on screen-printed transducers developed in Chapter 2. The sensors were tested and calibrated with solutions of ethanol and toluene. For this, the screen-printed sensors were tested in experimental benches to validate the measurement technique of the acoustic waves time of flight. In view of the miniaturization and the integration of the system, we have set an electronic control board with a dedicated module. Finally in order to improve the measurements, we have shown that we could consider crossing/correlating several parameters. Thus, we have developed a screen-printed sensor for the measurement of the electrical conductivity in aquatic environment. From the first experimental results we validated the principle of the method. In the fourth and final chapter of this manuscript, we presented the first studies and achievements on the LTCC technology. By repeating the process parameters used during deposition on alumina substrate, we realized and characterized transducers placed on on a LTCC ceramic sheet. The first morphological and piezoelectric characterizations are encouraging, and the first acoustic tests have shown that the generations of acoustic waves, and a use for the production of sensors of pollutants were possible with this technology. Finally we have been able to achieve a first 3D structure incorporating an analysis cavity. Here again, results are very encouraging, although "adjustments" are needed to improve the technology. Also this 3D realization opens up many opportunities for the team to develop new sensors
Oudrhiri, Hassani Fahd. „Couches minces d'oxydes spinelles et de nanocomposites spinelle-CuO à propriétés semi-conductrices destinées à la réalisation de capteurs de gaz“. Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/588/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work involves the deposition of single-phase or nanocomposite thin film by RF sputtering for use as materials for gas sensors. As a first step, we studied the influence of deposition conditions on the microstructure of spinel oxides thin films. Electron microscopy, ellipsometry and surface area measurements by the B. E. T. Method made it possible to characterize the films microstructure and to establish a model which describes the arrangement of grains and the microporosity at the nanometer scale. We were able to observe a strong increase of the porosity in the films prepared with deposition conditions favouring collisions between particles and, accordingly, a strong shadowing effect between the grains (high argon pressure and long target-substrate distance). In the second step, the reduction phenomena during the deposition process by RF sputtering from a delafossite CuFeO2 target led to the deposition of nanocomposite CuO/CuxFe3-xO4 thin films. This type of original material combining intimately oxides of "n" and "p" type seems promising for the detection of CO and CO2. We sought to optimize the sensitivity of thin layers of 50 nm thickness on different substrates. A maximum sensitivity of 97% and 60% could be obtained when tested in CO and CO2 at 400 and 250°C, respectively
Sid, Mohamed Amine. „Co-conception diagnostic et ordonnancement des mesures dans un système contrôlé en réseau“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe works developed in this thesis deal with 'fault diagnosis and sensor scheduling co-design' in networked control system. This multidisciplinary subject requires theoretical knowledge in both fault diagnosis and communication networks. Our contribution consists in developing a co-design approach that integrates in the same framework the characteristics of fault diagnosis performance and real time sensor scheduling. The main benefit of this approach is minimizing the required network resources for attending acceptable fault diagnosis performances. We are interested in the development of more efficient and more adapted for real time implementation fault diagnosis algorithms while taking into account different types of communication constraints. In conjunction with these algorithms, two sets of sensor scheduling techniques are used : - Off-line scheduling - On-line scheduling (event triggered sampling) For off-line scheduling, the communication sequences are designed before the implementation of the diagnostic algorithm. In this context, we proposed several techniques for scheduling with different spatial and temporal complexity and adapted to different operating condition for the detection and the isolation of faults based on the information provided by the selected communication sequences. Moreover, we deal also with on-line scheduling techniques based on the event triggered sampling developed during the last decade. In This approach measurement packets are transmitted if and only if the transmission condition (event) is verified. This saves resources provided by the network while maintaining acceptable performance of fault diagnosis. The objective of these algorithms is to minimize the number of transmitted information which means less energy consumption and has a major importance in wireless networked control systems
Durand, Cédric. „Développement de résonateurs électromécaniques en technologie Silicon On Nothing, à détection capacitive et amplifiée par transistor MOS, en vue d'une co-intégration permettant d'adresser une application de référence de temps“. Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00375804.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDans ce contexte, nous proposons de développer des résonateurs électromécaniques en vue d'une intégration « front-end », pour la réalisation d'oscillateurs intégrés. Ainsi, nous avons fabriqué des démonstrateurs à partir des briques de base de la technologie CMOS Silicon On Nothing, en phase de R&D à STMicroelectronics. Du fait de la petite taille des composants, nous avons utilisé un transistor à grille résonante pour amplifier la détection de la résonance. Ainsi, des développements technologiques spécifiques ont permis de fabriquer les résonateurs et leur transistor de détection. La conception des dispositifs a été réalisée à partir du développement d'un modèle électromécanique des résonateurs. Ce modèle est compatible avec les outils de design et peut alors aider à la conception de l'oscillateur MEMS. Nous avons ensuite montré le bon fonctionnement des résonateurs fabriqués, ainsi que celui de l'amplification induite par la
détection MOS. Cette démonstration constitue une première, prouvant la fonctionnalité de la détection MOS pour un composant de petite taille, vibrant dans le plan du substrat. Enfin, nous avons validé le modèle électromécanique à partir d'autres modèles ainsi qu'avec les mesures des composants fabriqués.
En termes de perspectives, le recours à diverses améliorations permettrait d'obtenir des dispositifs
compatibles avec la réalisation d'un oscillateur performant et co-intégré.
Durand, Cédric. „Développement de résonateurs électromécaniques en technologie Silicon On Nothing, à détection capacitive et amplifiée par transistor MOS, en vue d’une co-intégration permettant d’adresser une application de référence de temps“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10008/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to good performances, small size, or either integration possibilities very close to transistors,electromechanical resonators offer a strong potential for quartz replacement in time reference applications. In this context, we propose to develop electromechanical resonators in a perspective of a front-end integration, for the realization of integrated oscillators. The fabricated demonstrators are based on the Silicon On Nothing CMOS technology, under R&D at STMicroelectronics. Due to the small size of the studied components, a resonant gate transistor was used to amplify the resonance detection. Specific technological developments enabled the fabrication of both resonator and detection transistor. Device conception was made by the use of an electromechanical resonator model, developed during the study. Thurthermore, the model is compatible with design tools, making it usefull for MEMS oscillator conception.Then, we demonstrated resonator and MOSFET detection amplification well-functionning on the fabricated devices.This is the first demonstration of MOSFET detection functionality for a small size and in-plane vibrating component. Finally, the electromechanical model was validated with other models and measurements. In terms of perspectives, the use of various design or technology improvements could able the access to devices compatible with the realization of a high perfromances and co-integrated oscillator
Durand, Cédric. „Développement de résonateurs électromécaniques en technologie Silicon On Nothing, à détection capacitive et amplifiée par transistor MOS, en vue d’une co-intégration permettant d’adresser une application de référence de temps“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDue to good performances, small size, or either integration possibilities very close to transistors,electromechanical resonators offer a strong potential for quartz replacement in time reference applications. In this context, we propose to develop electromechanical resonators in a perspective of a front-end integration, for the realization of integrated oscillators. The fabricated demonstrators are based on the Silicon On Nothing CMOS technology, under R&D at STMicroelectronics. Due to the small size of the studied components, a resonant gate transistor was used to amplify the resonance detection. Specific technological developments enabled the fabrication of both resonator and detection transistor. Device conception was made by the use of an electromechanical resonator model, developed during the study. Thurthermore, the model is compatible with design tools, making it usefull for MEMS oscillator conception.Then, we demonstrated resonator and MOSFET detection amplification well-functionning on the fabricated devices.This is the first demonstration of MOSFET detection functionality for a small size and in-plane vibrating component. Finally, the electromechanical model was validated with other models and measurements. In terms of perspectives, the use of various design or technology improvements could able the access to devices compatible with the realization of a high perfromances and co-integrated oscillator
Mansour, Agapy. „Étude des propriétés chimique et morphologique de composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma / métal“. Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNanocomposites consisting of finely dispersed metal nanoparticles into insulating matrix are the focus of much attention because of their optical, electrical or antibacterial properties, allowing a variety of technological applications. In this work, we are interested in hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix synthesized by cold plasma polymerization (PECVD), subsequently impregnated with a solution of metal salt which is finally reduced. These nanocomposites are mainly studied for their applications and less focused on their chemical and morphological structure. In this work, our goal is to study the dependence of chemical and morphological properties of such composite materials on the chemical structure of the plasma polymer, the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the chemical functions of the polymer involved with the polymer / metal interactions. The matrix will be both a plasma polymer and a mixture of two plasma polymers. The objective is then to better understand the nanocomposites formation, and to show their interest in different applications particularly in the detection of ammonia gas
Doblas, Jiménez David. „Exploration and detection of ultra-traces of explosives by chip calorimetry“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE017/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeing able to sense the minuscule amounts of energetic materials is crucial in the context of the fight against terrorism. Apart from the methods of detection of EM, which are specific to the chemical structure, one could use the enthalpy variations of the EM decomposition process for their detection by means of thermal analysis. However, the sensitivity of classical methods would be still insufficient to sense particles in the nanogram range. By contrast, the recently developed technique of chip calorimetry is perfectly suited for characterizing small amounts of samples and is therefore fully adequate for this task.In order to explore the possibilities of detection and identification of solid micro-particles of EM with thermal analysis, we discuss on the protocols optimized for the detection and identification of nanogram-size particles of EM and its mixtures with the chip calorimeter accessory. The results obtained on pure EM and its mixtures show that the detection threshold can be put at approximately several hundred picograms. The experiments were completed by the in-situ structural analysis using a combination with nanofocus synchrotron XRD
Ribeiro, Thierry. „Développement d'un appareil de quantification de croissance et/ou d'activité microbienne par impédancemétrie indirecte“. Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1369.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCapot, Rullier Anne. „L'hépatite chronique virale C chez les sujets co-infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : histologie, étude de la fibrose, détection intrahépatique du virus de l'hépatite C et comparaison avec les sujets immunocompétents“. Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR23002.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSid, Mohamed Amine. „Co-conception diagnostic et ordonnancement des mesures dans un système contrôlé en réseau“. Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0003/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe works developed in this thesis deal with 'fault diagnosis and sensor scheduling co-design' in networked control system. This multidisciplinary subject requires theoretical knowledge in both fault diagnosis and communication networks. Our contribution consists in developing a co-design approach that integrates in the same framework the characteristics of fault diagnosis performance and real time sensor scheduling. The main benefit of this approach is minimizing the required network resources for attending acceptable fault diagnosis performances. We are interested in the development of more efficient and more adapted for real time implementation fault diagnosis algorithms while taking into account different types of communication constraints. In conjunction with these algorithms, two sets of sensor scheduling techniques are used : - Off-line scheduling - On-line scheduling (event triggered sampling) For off-line scheduling, the communication sequences are designed before the implementation of the diagnostic algorithm. In this context, we proposed several techniques for scheduling with different spatial and temporal complexity and adapted to different operating condition for the detection and the isolation of faults based on the information provided by the selected communication sequences. Moreover, we deal also with on-line scheduling techniques based on the event triggered sampling developed during the last decade. In This approach measurement packets are transmitted if and only if the transmission condition (event) is verified. This saves resources provided by the network while maintaining acceptable performance of fault diagnosis. The objective of these algorithms is to minimize the number of transmitted information which means less energy consumption and has a major importance in wireless networked control systems
Dananché, Cédric. „Pneumonies chez l’enfant de moins de 5 ans dans les pays à revenu faible ou intermédiaire : description des sérotypes pneumococciques, prévalence du virus influenza et rôle des co-détections bactériennes et/ou virales“. Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1250.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePneumonia remains a public health issue in children under 5 years old. In order to study the etiological agents of pneumonia in this population, a case-control study was carried out between 2010 and 2014 by the Global Approach for Biological Research on Infectious Epidemics in Low Income Countries (GABRIEL) Network in 9 study sites located in 8 low or middle-income countries. The objectives of the present work were to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes, to assess the burden of influenza virus and its effect on the severity of pneumonia, and to study bacterial/viral co-detection in nasopharyngeal samples and their effect on the risk of pneumonia. Results showed that most of S. pneumoniae serotypes detected were included in the pneumococcal 13-Valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and confirmed the assumption that the isolate carrying or causing disease in an individual were of the same serotype. The importance of the burden of influenza virus in pneumonia cases, and particularly A H1N1 influenza, was highlighted. Finally, numerous nasopharyngeal co-detections were found both in pneumonia cases and in control subjects. Pathogenicity of microorganisms differs between species and might depend of the interactions with the microbiome of the respiratory tract. Results suggested that the implementation of PCV13 vaccination policies might be effective in the study population. Nevertheless, further studies focused on the most important co-detections of micro-organisms are needed to improve the understanding of their role in the pathogenesis of pneumonia and to guide appropriate public health interventions
Candel, Gaëlle. „Connecting graphs to machine learning“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLE018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis proposes new approaches to process graph using machine learning algorithms designed for tabular data. A graph is a data structure made of nodes linked to each others by edges. This structure can be represented under a matrix form where the connection between two nodes is represented by a non-zero value, simplifying the manipulation of the data. Nonetheless, the transposition of an algorithm adapted to tabular data to graphs would not give the expected results because of the structural differences. Two characteristics make the transposition difficult: the low nodes’ connectivity and the power-law distribution of nodes’ degree. These two characteristics both lead to sparse matrices with low information content while requiring a large memory. In this work, we propose several methods that consider these two graph’s specificities. In the first part, we focus on citation graphs which belong to the directed acyclic graph category and can be exploited for technical watch, while the second part is dedicated to bipartite graphs mainly use by recommender systems. These adaptations permit the achievement of usual machine learning tasks, such as clustering and data visualization. Specific co-clustering algorithms were designed to segment jointly each side of a bipartite graph and identify groups of similar nodes. The third part approaches graphs from a different perspective. The developed approach exploits the k nearest neighbours graph built from the tabular data to help correcting classification errors. These different methods use diverse methods to embed more information in a vector compared to the usual binary encoding, allowing to process graphs with usual machine learning algorithm
Filleau, Clément. „Mise en place d'une méthodologie de modélisation en vue du diagnostic des défauts électriques des alternateurs“. Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19288/1/Filleau.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrini, Marouane. „Diagnostic des engrenages à base des indicateurs géométriques des signaux électriques triphasés“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES052.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough they are widely used, classical vibration measurements have several limitations. Vibration analysis can only identify about 60% of the defects that may occur in mechanical systems. However, the main drawbacks of vibration measurements are the difficult access to the transmission system in order to place the sensor as well as the consequent cost of implementation. This results in sensitivity problems relative to the position of the installation and the difficulty to distinguish the source of vibration because of the diversity of mechanical excitations that exist in the industrial environment.Hence, the Motor Current Signatures Analysis (M.C.S.A.) represents a promising alternative to the vibration analysis and has therefore been the subject of increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, the analysis of electrical signatures has the advantage of being a technically accessible method as well as inexpensive and non-intrusive to the system. Techniques based on currents and voltages only require the motor’s electrical measurements which are often already supervised for the purposes of the control and the protection of the electrical machines. This process was mainly used for the detection of motors faults such as rotor bars breakage and eccentricity faults as well as bearings defects. On the other hand, very little research has been focused on gear faults detection using the current analysis. In addition, three-phase electrical signals are characterized by specific geometric representations related to their waveforms and they can serve as different indicators providing additional information. Among these geometric indicators, the Park and Concordia transforms model the electrical components in a two-dimensional coordinate system and any deviation from the original representation indicates the apparition of a malfunction. Moreover, the differential equations of Frenet-Serret represent the trajectory of the signal in a three-dimensional euclidean space and thus indicate any changes in the state of the system. Although they have been previously used for bearing defects, these indicators have not been applied in the detection of gear defects using the analysis of electrical current signatures. Hence, the innovative idea of combining these indicators with signal processing techniques, as well as classification techniques for gears diagnosis using the three-phase motor’s electrical current signatures analysis is established.Hence, in this work, a new approach is proposed for gear faults diagnosis using the motor currents analysis, based on a set of geometric indicators (Park and Concordia transforms as well as the properties of the Frenet-Serret frame). These indicators are part of a specifically built fault signatures library and which also includes the classical indicators used for a wide range of faults. Thus, a proposed estimation algorithm combines experimental measurements of electrical signals with advanced signal processing methods (Empirical Mode Decomposition, ...). Next, it selects the most relevant indicators within the library based on feature selection algorithms (Sequential Backward Selection and Principal Component Analysis). Finally, this selection is combined with non-supervised classification (K-means) for the distinction between the healthy state and faulty states. It was finally validated with a an additional experimental configuration in different cases with gear faults, bearing faults and combined faults with various load levels
He, Jin. „Urban Detection From Hyperspectral Images Using Dimension-Reduction Model and Fusion of Multiple Segmentations Based on Stuctural and Textural Features“. Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10281.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis master’s thesis presents a new approach to urban area detection and segmentation in hyperspectral images. The proposed method relies on a three-step procedure. First, in order to decrease the computational complexity, an informative three-colour composite image, minimizing as much as possible the loss of information of the spectral content, is computed. To this end, a non-linear dimensionality reduction step, based on two complementary but contradictory criteria of good visualization, namely accuracy and contrast, is achieved for the colour display of each hyperspectral image. In order to discriminate between urban and non-urban areas, the second step consists of extracting some complementary and discriminant features on the resulting (three-band) colour hyperspectral image. To attain this goal, we have extracted a set of features relevant to the description of different aspects of urban areas, which are mainly composed of man-made objects with regular or simple geometrical shapes. We have used simple textural features based on grey-levels, gradient magnitude or grey-level co-occurence matrix statistical parameters combined with structural features based on gradient orientation, and straight segment detection. In order to also reduce the computational complexity and to avoid the so-called “curse of dimensionality” when clustering high-dimensional data, we decided, in the final third step, to classify each individual feature (by a simple K-means clustering procedure) and to combine these multiple low-cost and rough image segmentation results with an efficient fusion model of segmentation maps. The experiments reported in this report demonstrate that the proposed segmentation method is efficient in terms of visual evaluation and performs well compared to existing and automatic detection and segmentation methods of urban areas from hyperspectral images.