Dissertationen zum Thema „Design systémique“
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El, Khamsa Sarah. „Modélisation du circuit de la signification des produits du design : approche sémiotique et systémique“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010586/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe theoretical models proposed by STIC (Information and Communication Sciences) have been revised to date by the protagonists of Design Studies. They suggest among others to check their validity and viability as communication models for the systems, services, goods and situations, which are getting more and more complex.It is in this vein that we register our project. The idea is to build an interpretative model constituting a new theoretical framework. The main objective is to seize the communicative potential of the products at the crossroads of potential actions, habits and beliefs embodied in them. Our theoretical framework and our analytical tool will revolve around the peirce semiotic approach and the systemic theory (second systemic as called by Morin), which will also develop an ecological perception of the object as a coherent and interactive system with its environment
Roche, Amelie. „Proposition d'une méthode de conception systémique d'interface homme-système adaptée aux situations de multihandicap“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0272/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the field of Human-System Interface (HSI) design, one key concept is the User-Centred Design (UCD), an approach that considers the user as the centre of the design process. Although this approach is a significant advance to provide solutions that meets the needs and expectations of end-users, it is not totally suitable for end-users with multiple disabilities. Moreover, despite the benefits of the UCD, only few designers apply this approach. The use of standard approaches remains dominant. There is a general lack of awareness among designers on how take account of end-users, even less when the end-users have multiples disabilities.In view of these observations, our work has been structured to two main axes, conducted in parallel. We have elaborated and formalized design method of HSI, named AMICAS (Innovative Methodological Approach of Adapted Systemic Design), in order to design tools or services adapted for users, whatever their disabilities are. This method has been tested to children with multiple disabilities in educational context and with elderly in care homes. Also, we have developed a decision support tool. The purpose of this tool is to help designers to take into account end-users and their disabilities into the design stage. Based on the results, we suggest in synthesizing an improved version of AMICAS and we have published the decision support tool online
Allais, Romain. „Transition systémique pour un développement durable : entre conception et territoire“. Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0024/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSystem transition is required.to meet sustainability challenges. Our proposal is to apply general principles from a hybrid approach between forecasting (trends) and principled backcasting to industrial companies. These principles provide guidelines for each of the five dimensions of sustainability (political, territorial, social, environmental and economic). The developed method is based on the strategic process (analyze, choose, deploy) to include additional dimensions in the design of the product through the value constellation of the extended company. Two trajectories are explored: the integration of the environment (case studies) and the territory (theory) in product design through organizational innovation driven by the renewal of strategic and operational governance. This interdisciplinary research lays the foundation for the development of a method to support the transition of industrial companies towards the 5-dimensions sustainable development by integrating new dimensions hitherto little or no exploited in the product design process
Gazbour, Nouha. „Intégration systémique de l’éco-conception dès la phase de R&D des technologies photovoltaïques“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT018/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFaced with current environmental challenges, investing in renewable energies in the name of the "energy transition" is the alternative most adopted by many countries. Renewable energies, in particular photovoltaic solar (PV) energy, have thus become innovative and competitive sectors in full expansion. In this context, it is therefore necessary to ensure that new PV technologies, which are complex and the result of several manufacturing stages, meet the criteria of a product with low environmental impact, referred here as eco-designed.The state of the art on eco-design shows that the consideration of environmental constraints in R&D projects with low TRL "Technology Readiness Level" is still an emerging phenomenon, for two main reasons. On the one hand, environmental impact assessment is relatively complex for a non-mature technology under development (TRL low) because its characteristics and manufacturing processes are not yet fully defined. On the other hand, the identified tools in the literature have several limitations that impede their appropriation in R&D organizations.This research work therefore aims to develop a methodology to enable the sustainable integration of eco-design into R&D organizations, supporting their industrial partners in innovation and competitiveness. Thus, the developed method is based on the estimation of the evolution rate of technical, economic and environmental criteria of a new technology (low TRL) through a specific database of reference. The construction of the database relies on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), used as a management tool to provide reliable results, despite the low TRL level.To integrate this approach into R&D organizations in a sustainable way, the method developed was implemented in a software "ECO PV" dedicated to crystalline silicon PV systems, which represent more than 94% of the current PV market today. Based on the principle of democratization of environmental knowledge and capitalization of information, this tool is accessible not only to LCA experts but also to all engineers in the PV field.Finally, this research work enabled to generate reliable, simple and quantified results and to develop an eco-design methodology to guide the technological choices of projects in the upstream phases of R&D, in order to develop PV systems more environmentally friendly
Berbecea, Alexandru. „Approches multi-niveaux pour la conception systémique optimale des chaînes de traction ferroviaire“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917657.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBila, Deroussy Pathum. „Approche systemique de la créativité : Outils et methodes pour aborder la complexite en conception amont“. Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0038/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStimulating creativity remains a major challenge to support innovation. Since pioneering theoretical work from 1950-1960, there is now a large number of tools, methods, and guidelines disseminated among practitioners. However, companies today face such complexity, both technical and organizational, that the tools and methods traditionally used reach their limits and became inefficient. Not only we don’t have any strong fundamental theory of creativity, but also research in this field often lacks relevance in terms of transfer into practice and adequacy with pragmatic industrial needs. This thesis explores how the systemic approach allows the study of creativity to highlight new ways to stimulate it in complex industrial settings. This approach allowed us to synthesize the mechanisms of creativity in a systemic model, and bring out three fundamental interactions: sensorimotor, cognitive, and social. To simultaneously stimulate these interactions, three methodological guidelines have been proposed and tested in a car manufacturer industrial environment, in the context of real innovation projects. The results of our experiments show that the combined use of, first analogical stimulation tools, the other a language of visual forms, and finally a cyclical process alternating imagination, design and creation, can significantly improve the creative performance. Our model of creativity, now understood as "the complex system of creation", enables us to jointly enrich the theoretical scientific field and also methodological practices. It also opens developing prospects for innovation management and management sciences
Jaafar, Amine. „Traitement de la mission et des variables environnementales et intégration au processus de conception systémique“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0070/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work presents a methodological approach aiming at analyzing and processing mission profiles and more generally environmental variables (e.g. solar or wind energy potential, temperature, boundary conditions) in the context of system design. This process constitutes a key issue in order to ensure system effectiveness with regards to design constraints and objectives. In this thesis, we pay a particular attention on the use of compact profiles for environmental variables in the frame of system level integrated optimal design, which requires a wide number of system simulations. In a first part, we propose a clustering approach based on partition criteria with the aim of analyzing mission profiles. This phase can help designers to identify different system configurations in compliance with the corresponding clusters: it may guide suppliers towards “market segmentation” not only fulfilling economic constraints but also technical design objectives. The second stage of the study proposes a synthesis process of a compact profile which represents the corresponding data of the studied environmental variable. This compact profile is generated by combining parameters and number of elementary patterns (segment, sine or cardinal sine) with regards to design indicators. These latter are established with respect to the main objectives and constraints associated to the designed system. All pattern parameters are obtained by solving the corresponding inverse problem with evolutionary algorithms. Finally, this synthesis process is applied to two different case studies. The first consists in the simplification of wind data issued from measurements in two geographic sites of Guadeloupe and Tunisia. The second case deals with the reduction of a set of railway mission profiles relative to a hybrid locomotive devoted to shunting and switching missions. It is shown from those examples that our approach leads to a wide reduction of the profiles associated with environmental variables which allows a significant decrease of the computational time in the context of an integrated optimal design process
Pereira, Andréa Franco. „Applications des connaissances issues du développement durable, de l'environnement et de la systémique, au design industriel de produits dans une approche de "macroconception"“. Compiègne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001COMP1344.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoussignol, Nicolas. „Le "P3 systemic business model" : proposition d'une démarche collaborative de business modelling à l'heure de l'Anthropocène“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the Anthropocene era, human activities have had a greater impact than ever on the planet's ecosystems. If we want to live in a space that is fair and safe for humanity, companies, which are largely responsible for and directly impacted by this situation, need to rethink the way they do business. Given the complexity of these issues and the inherent limits of analytical thinking in responding to them, the business model concept needs to mobilise systems thinking. Within the cooperative Biocoop, as part of an action-research project, we developed a systemic business modelling approach and supported two shops in the network through collaborative workshops. The result was the development of a new conceptual representation of the business model, and a tried and tested business modelling approach based on the principles of systems thinking to understand the complex issues facing businesses
Morales, Mendoza Luis Fernando. „Écoconception de procédés : approche systémique couplant modélisation globale, analyse du cycle de vie et optimisation multiobjectif“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0106/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe objective of this work is to propose an integrated and generic framework for eco-design coupling traditional modelling and flowsheeting simulation tools (HYSYS, COCO, ProSimPlus and Ariane), Life Cycle Assessment, multi-objective optimization based on Genetic Algorithms and multiple criteria decision-making methods MCDM (Multiple Choice Decision Making, such as ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, M-TOPSIS) that generalizes, automates and optimizes the evaluation of the environmental criteria at earlier design stage. The approach consists of three main stages. The first two steps correspond respectively to process inventory analysis based on mass and energy balances and impact assessment phases of LCA methodology. Specific attention is paid to the main issues that can be encountered with database and impact assessment i.e. incomplete or missing information, or approximate information that does not match exactly the real situation that may introduce a bias in the environmental impact estimation. A process simulation tool dedicated to production utilities, Ariane, ProSim SA is used to fill environmental database gap, by the design of specific energy sub modules, so that the life cycle energy related emissions for any given process can be computed. The third stage of the methodology is based on the interaction of the previous steps with process simulation for environmental impact assessment and cost estimation through a computational framework. The use of multi-objective optimization methods generally leads to a set of efficient solutions, the so-called Pareto front. The next step consists in identifying the best ones through MCDM methods. The approach is applied to two processes operating in continuous mode. The capabilities of the methodology are highlighted through these case studies (benzene production by HDA process and biodiesel production from vegetable oils). A multi-level assessment for multi-objective optimization is implemented for both cases, the explored pathways depending on the analysis and antagonist behaviour of the criteria
Tepeli, Esra. „Processus formalisé et systémique de management des risques par des projets de construction complexes et stratégiques“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0122/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProject risk management is a growing concern in the field of construction. It is not limited to technical risks, but also covers financial risks, economic, organizational or contractual and any type of risks crucial for complex and strategic construction projects. Risk management process involves the identification, analysis, monitoring of risks and opportunities throughout the project life cycle. The formalized and systematic risk management process first identifies and analyzes the risks associated with the chronological decomposition of the project (phases, sub-phases, tasks), with the organizational structure of the project (project actors), with resources, contracts, external factors and material or immaterial flows between these elements. The formalized and systematic approach adapts to the dynamic and evolving nature of the project, to the type of contract and the type of project, to the level of detail and the vision of the stakeholder who manages risks. The whole process is highly fed by real projects study cases. A tool for risk management is developed to put into practice the theoretical approach and to test the process in the case studies of Public Private Partnership (PPP) and Design-Build-Maintenance projects
Poline, Marie. „Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
Delépine, Baudoin. „Computer-aided design (CAD) tools for bioproduction and biosensing pathway engineering“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE032/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdvances in systems and synthetic biology are fueling our ability to develop successful metabolic engineering applications for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals. We can envision a future in which designer cells could be engineered to transform any carbon source into any target compound. This daunting task will be achieved by leveraging methods that proved themselves in other engineering disciplines. Among those, the use of Computer Aided Design(CAD) softwares is expected to reduce the amount of time and expert knowledge needed to design de novo metabolic pathways. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to our pathway prediction algorithm and its CAD implementations. Most notably, we will present RetroPath2.0, a versatile reaction network prediction framework focused on retrosynthesis that is built to be easily extensible by the community. In the second part, we will highlight the interest of intracellular biosensors for metabolic engineering and introduce SensiPath, a web application that uses a reaction prediction engine to design biosensing circuits for compounds for which no direct biosensors are known. Altogether, this thesis proposes that bioCAD tools should focus on empowering users’ creativity and encourage them to explore original applications
Batt, Gregory. „Design, optimization and control in systems and synthetic biology“. Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00958566.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePoline, Marie. „Contribution aux méthodes de conception et de gestion des systèmes énergétiques multi-sources par optimisation systémique : application aux trains hybrides électrique autonomes“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, there are two traction modes for railway: the diesel and electric traction. Each mode has its own issues. For diesel, the increasing control of the greenhouse gas emissions imposes to evolve this type of train to a less polluting solution. For electric traction, the energy consumption creates a voltage drop which can cause a traffic slowdown, which will limit the traffic development. The studied solution by SNCF is the hybridization of the train (adding storage system).Thus, these works have the objective to build a method to do the pre-sizing of storage systems embedded in trains. Moreover, to take into account the mutual influence of the sizing and the energy management, this last one is included in the sizing model. An optimization algorithm solves the global model.The method has been developed for the two traction modes (diesel and electric) and the optimization has been made with SQP algorithm (Sequential Quadratic Programming)
Gosset, Stéphanie. „Le placement des individus comme organisation spatiale des habitacles de transport public urbain : Une modélisation littéraire au service de l'innovation en design“. Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR1804/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe French rail transport company Alstom Transport inquires whether new usages are emerging in urban public transport vehicles. The systemic approach has been chosen as a theoretical frame to respond to this question. This approach enables to examine the organization of the individual-passenger compartment system. Structured observation has been conduct in 12 cities (5 countries). Data analysis combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies, allows describing the placement based on 2 scales (the passengers compartment and the individual). The sense of the sitting position and the possibility to lean on has been brought to light as well as the spatial organization of activities. A potentially emerging usage could be observed. It interrogates a possible evolution of the organization of placement, and opens new research perspectives regarding the spatial organization of activities
Gomes, Charles. „Contribution de la planification expérimentale à la modélisation de phénomènes complexes en formulation“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn some domains of formulation, as cosmetics, the phenomena can be very chaotic with discontinuities or not linear zones. In the cosmetic field, the formulator has to propose the optimal experimental strategy which must be well adapted to the constraints imposed by the experimenters. For such phenomena, classical designs of experiments, such as Scheffé simplexes lattices or the D-optimal designs, are proving insufficient because the experimental points do not uniformly cover the experimental space. Indeed, it is essential in these studies to explore the whole experimental domain and to uniformly distribute points in the space. For that purpose, the Space-Filling Designs (SFD), frequently used in the case of orthogonal variables, but less in the case of the mixture variables, are particularly interesting. The objective of this thesis is to adapt the algorithms for construction of uniform designs in the case of mixture designs and to propose guidelines for the choice of the nature and the number of points of the experimental design
Schindler, Aude. „Vers la multi-performance des organisations : conception et pilotage par les valeurs du centre de recherche intégré MIRCen du CEA“. Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453302.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFauvel, Clément. „Approche modulaire de l'optimisation des flux de puissance multi-sources et multi-clients, à visée temps réel“. Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0181/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe energy systems describe a class of systems whose from structural and functional characteristics raise the problem of the energy distribution to satisfy the services in real time. The solution of this multi-objectives problem, namely energetic, is the energy management strategy, whose design is still an open problem. The solutions studied in this thesis are incorporated in the framework of an industrial partnership and particularly in those systemic design approaches. The first contribution is a methodology of modular and generic design of the energy management strategy, for the multi- clients and multi-sources systems. It defines two types of functional elements: the clients and the sources, interacting through a node, which is the carrier of thestrategy. The second contribution deals with thegeneric formulation of the strategy and itssimplification by means of decomposition in accordance with two problems: the hybridization of sources and the competition of clients, which a real ready known in the literature. The third contribution is partial to the selection of innovative or existing algorithms, which are compatible with a real-time target to execute the strategy. Finally, the energy strategy of a refrigerated truck with a hybrid energy architecture is designed by the proposed modular approach, and the algorithm feasibility is validated by the simulation
Gomes, Charles. „Contribution de la planification expérimentale à la modélisation de phénomènes complexes en formulation“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0735.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn some domains of formulation, as cosmetics, the phenomena can be very chaotic with discontinuities or not linear zones. In the cosmetic field, the formulator has to propose the optimal experimental strategy which must be well adapted to the constraints imposed by the experimenters. For such phenomena, classical designs of experiments, such as Scheffé simplexes lattices or the D-optimal designs, are proving insufficient because the experimental points do not uniformly cover the experimental space. Indeed, it is essential in these studies to explore the whole experimental domain and to uniformly distribute points in the space. For that purpose, the Space-Filling Designs (SFD), frequently used in the case of orthogonal variables, but less in the case of the mixture variables, are particularly interesting. The objective of this thesis is to adapt the algorithms for construction of uniform designs in the case of mixture designs and to propose guidelines for the choice of the nature and the number of points of the experimental design
Nguyen, Duc Trung. „Optimal sizing and system management of water pumping and desalination process supplied with intermittent renewable sources“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study focuses on systemic design, integrating simultaneously issues of sizing and optimal energy management. The system under study consists of a pumping process including a brackish water desalination system fed by hybrid renewable power sources with minimum electrochemical storage. Such a device belongs to the class of “autonomous systems” supplied by intermittent sources whose power profile has a “given” waveform: “with minimum electrical storage, power has to be converted, stored in water tanks, or wasted following climatic (sun, wind) conditions”. Influence of environment conditions and robustness of the optimization process is then also discussed in this thesis. Both dynamic and quasi static models are implemented for representing the whole system. The device is firstly modeled dynamically by Bond Graph methodology. For faster simulations, which are more suitable for system optimization, a quasi static model is created to be simulated in the Matlab environment. For such systems, given a certain source power, finding optimal operation point at each period consists of a power sharing between all pumping devices: it is a complex process with huge nonlinearities (efficiency vs power curves) and with many constraints as for the limitation of pump powers, tank level conditions, or pressure and flow limitations in hydraulic network and pumping devices. It is not so trivial to define an objective function which ensures system performance and robustness versus environment conditions: a convenient objective function, whatever the input power profile, is then proposed to implement the optimal management. The optimization problem being mathematically expressed, consisting of objective function maximization under constraints, efficient optimization methods by non linear programming are implemented. The issue of sizing and its coupling with system management efficiency is finally studied. In particular, the interest of modular operation with several pumps connected in parallel is also concerned in this research
Meunier, Simon. „Optimal design of photovoltaic water pumping systems for rural communities – a technical, economic and social approach“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS440/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePhotovoltaic water pumping systems (PVWPS) are an interesting solution to improve access to water in rural communities of developing countries. This thesis develops a methodology for the optimal design of PVWPS for domestic consumption based on an interdisciplinary approach. The objective is to determine the sizings of the PVWPS and its geographical positions in the village that maximize the positive impact of the system on socio-economic development and minimize its life-cycle cost. This methodology is applied to the case of a rural village in Burkina Faso, where we have been collecting technical and socio-economic data for 2 years. The first main originality of this work is the modelling of the link between the design of a PVWPS and its socio-economic impact, which allows to include the socio-economic impact to be included as an objective function of the optimisation. The second main originality is the inclusion of the geographical position of the PVWPS in the village as an optimisation variable, in addition to the sizing of the system. There is potential for applying the proposed methodology for the set-up of other types of systems such as community mills powered by photovoltaic energy in isolated areas and public charging points for electrical vehicles in cities
Nguyen, Duc Trung. „Optimal sizing and system management of water pumping and desalination process supplied with intermittent renewable sources“. Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study focuses on systemic design, integrating simultaneously issues of sizing and optimal energy management. The system under study consists of a pumping process including a brackish water desalination system fed by hybrid renewable power sources with minimum electrochemical storage. Such a device belongs to the class of “autonomous systems” supplied by intermittent sources whose power profile has a “given” waveform: “with minimum electrical storage, power has to be converted, stored in water tanks, or wasted following climatic (sun, wind) conditions”. Influence of environment conditions and robustness of the optimization process is then also discussed in this thesis. Both dynamic and quasi static models are implemented for representing the whole system. The device is firstly modeled dynamically by Bond Graph methodology. For faster simulations, which are more suitable for system optimization, a quasi static model is created to be simulated in the Matlab environment. For such systems, given a certain source power, finding optimal operation point at each period consists of a power sharing between all pumping devices: it is a complex process with huge nonlinearities (efficiency vs power curves) and with many constraints as for the limitation of pump powers, tank level conditions, or pressure and flow limitations in hydraulic network and pumping devices. It is not so trivial to define an objective function which ensures system performance and robustness versus environment conditions: a convenient objective function, whatever the input power profile, is then proposed to implement the optimal management. The optimization problem being mathematically expressed, consisting of objective function maximization under constraints, efficient optimization methods by non linear programming are implemented. The issue of sizing and its coupling with system management efficiency is finally studied. In particular, the interest of modular operation with several pumps connected in parallel is also concerned in this research
Pandi, Diamantina. „Approches systémiques dans le dessin c. 1965-1975“. Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis aims at exploring the artistic realizations as well as the critical and theoretical approaches of the complex and multidimensional concept of "system" in relation to the transformation of drawing between 1965 and 1975. The discourse around the notion of “system” prevails the post-war world, especially in the 1960s and 1970s. The aesthetics of systems, as theorized by art critic Jack Burnham in his article “Systems Aesthetics” published at the Artforum in 1968- which signals the radical transition from an object-oriented culture to a systems-oriented culture - is the starting point of this thesis. We examine the notion of the system by attempting to highlight the interconnections between information and systems theories, the cybernetic model, the “linguistic turn” and its implications for the development of conceptual artistic practices in the period 1965-1975. In this period, drawing became a privileged field for the development of systemic methodologies. Through the cases of eleven artists, Sol LeWitt, Mel Bochner, Hanne Darboven, Dorothea Rockburne, Robert Morris, Alighiero Boetti, John Latham, Bernar Venet, Lee Lozano, Stanley Brouwn and William Anastasi, this thesis examines the artistic experimentation on “systems of drawings”: linguistic and arithmetic systems of diagrammatic order, autopoietic systems, as well as systemic strategies that take place in the spatiotemporal context. By focusing on the heterogeneity, the diversification and the hybridization of these practices, the thesis analyzes the formal and conceptual translations of the drawing which demand the autonomisation and the reconceptualisation of this medium in the period that we examine
Coffin, Florent. „Méthodologie de conception coopérative de produit complexe : application au développement d'un prototype d'un système intelligent de copilotage automobile“. Compiègne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995COMPD838.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSellami, Bachir. „Afgar : un système à base de connaissance basé sur les objets pour l'Aide à la Fabrication des Grilles de service des Agents Roulants de la SNCF“. Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD556.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePauwels, Edouard. „Applications de l'apprentissage statistique à la biologie computationnelle“. Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00958432.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuiumento, Velloso Carolina. „Les paysages dans leur complexité : une ressource pour le développement territorial du piémont et des contreforts viticoles du Larzac (Languedoc-Roussillon)“. Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990398.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGoyenetche, Félix. „Le design comme compétence de la conduite à projet en contexte de crise : le cas du projet Visières“. Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25381.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHumanity is experiencing a period of systemic crisis. The crisis of spring 2020 revealed many disfunctions and established a climat of uncertainty over different sector of activity. To respond to this climat of crisis, new postures and practices are required; and design is no exception. In order to explore the dynamics of response to a crisis and the role of design, this research project is investigating the role of design in the conduct of project in a context of crisis. The key ability of design to act and react to any events, situations, actions that emerges during the conduct of a project in a time of crisis. This research is looking into answering the question: “How does design dynamize the conduct of project in a context of crisis and at which level?” In order to answer this question, theories of strategic design, project management and the dynamics of trust and cooperation are presented. The main objective of this research is to identify and understand the competency of design intervenes the conduct of project and the associated practices. This research looks to answer those questions through the case study of a crisis. Interviews and observations were conducted through the participation in the project Visières. The project Visières is a self-organizing response to the shortage of protective medical visor during the spring crisis of 2020. The course and the evolution of the project act as a showcase of the role of design in the conduct of project in times of crisis. The strategic design perspective is used to explore the position of design and its competency of adaptation as a key actor in societal transformation and emergency relief. The results of this research on the specific competency of design to act and react to events of a project promotes that the design practice of « bricolage » is the most suited to conduct a project in a context of crisis. Also, to support the success of the project, the practice of « bricolage » requires an agile environment, an agile organization and agile organizational practices.
Souza, de Melo Érika. „Le retravail en conception d'ingénierie dans les projets de développement de produit : le cas d'un fabricant d'équipement d'origine (FEO) canadien = Engineering design rework in product development projects : a canadian OEM case study“. Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9343/1/eprint9343.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCucuzzella, Carmela. „Design thinking and the precautionary principle : development of a theoretical model complementing preventive judgment for design for sustainability enriched through a study of architectural competitions adopting LEED“. Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is a contribution to the general theory of design thinking. In the prevalent demand for a sustainable development, the main objective of this research is the construction of a theoretical model of design thinking that contextualizes standard sustainability evaluation tools. The basis of these normative tools is analyzed in four dimensions: ontological, methodological, epistemological and teleological. Indications of potential counter-productive effects of these norms for design thinking confirm the need for a theory of qualitative judgment. Our central hypothesis revolves around the benefits of the underlying conceptual framework of the ‘precautionary principle’ for design thinking, the first formulations of which goes back to the early seventies in Germany, and was in fact created as a way to address the failures of traditional scientific evaluation tools or methods. The thesis comprises five parts. Beginning with a historical perspective, a review of classical models of design thinking, specifically focuses on the evolving approaches for addressing sustainable development. Theories of “green design” coming from the early sixties, theories of ecological design of the seventies and eighties are finally converging on the developing theories of “sustainable design” formulated in the early nineties. The underlying theories of the precautionary principle are then reviewed and explored for the specific context of design within the perspective of sustainability. Current methods of standard risk assessment methods are compared to a precautionary approach, revealing their conceptual limits for design thinking. A preliminary theoretical model for design thinking is then constructed adopting the theories underlying the precautionary principle. This model represents a global vision for judging the design project in a context of sustainability, rather than on traditional approaches for risk assessment, which are purposive and instrumental. The precautionary principle is further explored for the specific context of architectural design. This exploration begins with a historical perspective of the classical notion of ‘prudence’ for guiding architectural judgment. In light of the contemporary issues related to sustainability, we then examine the challenges of judging architectural projects given the increasing international prominence of such standard evaluation methods (i.e. Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, LEED). The thesis proposes a reinterpretation of design thinking as proposed by Donald A. Schön is introduced such that the use of tools, like LEED can be contextualized. This exercise reveals an epistemological barrier, which shall be taken into consideration when reformulating the theoretical model. In accordance with a constructivist epistemology, a new theoretical model is therefore confronted to the study and illustration of three contemporary Canadian architectural competitions adopting the standard evaluation method LEED. A preliminary set of ‘tensions’ identified in the judgment process and design thinking is further categorized into their conceptual counterparts. These are: (1) analogical/logical conceptualization; (2) epistemological/methodological uncertainty; (3) interpretive/analytic comparability; and (4) universal/contextual relevance of the proposal. These conceptual tensions are considered as vectors that come into correlation with the theoretical model, enriching it, yet without validating it, in the positivist sense of the word. These confrontations with the real, help better define the epistemological barrier identified above. This thesis therefore highlights the often underestimated impact of environmental standards on the judgment process and design thinking, with particular, albeit non restrictive, reference to contemporary Canadian architectural competitions for public buildings. It concludes by stressing the need for a new form of “reflective prudence” in design thinking along with a more critical use of current evaluation tools for sustainability founded on a global integration rather than on the opposition of environmental approaches.
Savard, Sébastien. „La remédiation du jeu de rôle sur table vers les plateformes virtuelles : enquête sur les usages émergents à la disposition du maître de jeu 2.0“. Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTurcotte, Yolaine. „Le poteau d’utilité publique, icône d’un autre siècle?“ Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4874.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aerial distribution network, also known as the utility network, comprised of wooden poles and its cables, is still omnipresent in the majority of Québec’s cities. Although many perceive the public utility poles as belonging to another era, they are not ready to disappear; quite the opposite, they don’t cease to evolve. Recently, more and more pieces of equipment have been added to the network: technical contraptions, additional cables, apparatuses mounted on the summit, antennas for wireless communication, etc. Although these devices are industrially produced, the service of industrial designers has been rarely solicited during their initial conception. This research examines the aerial distribution system from a design prospective, an angle of the « new » design approach also called design thinking. The intent of this study is to analyze the impact of the aerial distribution network on the urban environment with the goal of better guiding future design practices of such infrastructures. In order to do so with a transdisciplinary mind-set, several approaches have been solicited: the systemic approach, the landscape approach and the approach of system partnership. Through literature search and field observation the research intends to obtain a holistic view of the aerial distribution network and its challenges. Through inventory, the research exposes the results of our analytical questioning: what does the aerial distribution network consist of, who intervenes with and within the network, what are their interactions, what are the viewpoints of the different categories of actors with regards to the network, how does the presence of the network impact the urban landscape and how has it evolved over the years. From a design perspective, seeking to understand an overall problem situation helps to insure that the right problems are being addressed, that all contributing aspects are being taken into account and thus diminishing negative repercussions on the current and future contextual situations. The main findings of this research show that the current composition of the distribution network has significant shortcomings, even without taking into consideration the newly added services, uses and equipment. Management among service providers using the network is also facing challenges. The add-on of devices combined with all other equipment that gradually appear on public streets allow us to anticipate a level of saturation within the urban landscape. The hermetic and « crystallized » practices of the service providers that share the network are neither in line with the initiatives nor with the general aspirations when it comes to urban planning. Studying the problem situation of the distribution network using a design approach allows us to proactively isolate design opportunities that aim for the improvement of the existing situation, with regards to the newly appearing equipment on the poles. This approach encourages solutions that limit collateral repercussions once in its contextual environment and addresses at the same time other problem areas. Finally, the analysis of the research results allows us to enumerate a series of guidelines for the design of a future distribution network, which have been elaborated from a design perspective.
De, Blois Michel. „Le projet organisant : vers une ontologie du projet d'aménagement“. Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9899.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleConstruction projects are often affected by lower levels of performance and significant gaps between what is planned and what is actually realized. This thesis aims to examine the phenomenon that allows the built environment project to organize itself and carry out its objectives. The hypothesis states that: projects influence, transform and create the organizations that conduct them, following a dynamic and iterative process, referred to as «self- organizing » and « structuring ». This « active organizing » process generates transformations – organizational and structural – conditioned by the very nature of the project itself. To validate this hypothesis, an ontological frame, based on four categories of analysis has been devised, including: (a) organization and structures; (b) the project and its processes; (c) the artefact and its design, and; (d) actors’ dynamic. These fields are put in relations using systemic principles and tools within the paradigmatic frame of complexity. The methodology includes three steps, deployed along five articles : article no1 presents the research problem and theoretical framework; articles no2, 3 and 4 use case studies and case surveys for the study of various aspects of the organizational structures; article no5 presents a longitudinal case study, spanning three years, which examined decision processes. The five articles explore the following topics: (no1) the design thinking approach to projects and actors’ dynamic behavior ; (no2) the informality of communications and coordination ; (no3) contingency factors that influence the « structuring » of the temporary multiorganization – TMO; (no4) the typologies of the TMO, and ; (no5) the study of iterative processes and their influence on organizational structures. Seven results validate sub-hypotheses that state that: a process of «self-organization » generates transformations – organizational and processual – linked to the specific nature of the project. Therefore, the project : (1) is conducted by both formalized and often linear management approaches as well as iterative design process, the former being non-linear and self-organizing and responding to systemic principles ; (2) contributes to create its own processes of development, and ; (3) constitutes a contingency factor that influences the structuring of the TMO that is created to conduct the project itself. This analysis reveals the diversity and complexity of organizational processes and structures, producing a multidimensional representation of project behaviour. Three important contributions are drawn from these conclusions : (1) the frame of ontologies of the project and its underlying systemic functioning ; (2) the existence of inter-organizational work constellations and a typology of six TMO configurations, and ; (3) the statement of the « organizing project » that, through the « self-organization » approach, « organizes » itself and the processes and organization that are created to conduct it, through actors’ multiple roles.
Codirection: Dr. Gonzalo Lizarralde
Moshaver, Sam. „Designing supplementary space in multi-family housing“. Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25511.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDemographics and lifestyles have changed considerably in the past few decades. These changes are bound to influence the design of housing and they notably include a series of emerging needs: additional spatial needs due to additional activities brought to the traditional housing premises. Planning for those emerging needs is the main theme of this thesis. In a typical single-family detached house, the basement is available to accommodate the spatial requirements for these emerging needs. However, such a provision does not typically exist in multi-family housing. This thesis proposes a specific additional space to accommodate these emerging needs: the supplementary space. Although such a space has not been explored in the literature, there are precedents for its application in multi-family floor planning. The objective of this study is to provide guidelines for the design and the integration of this supplementary space. It relies on the systems approach as the design-decision methodology due to its logic of deducting the solution from the analysis of the objective. Applying the systems approach means that all the criteria corresponding to the specific purpose of the supplementary space will be extrapolated from the objective. However, once the supplementary space is being used to deal with emerging needs, it will then introduce its own relevant criteria. This study will start with the criteria for designing a home office because this is the most demanding emerging needs activity. The criteria are organized as vectors of a generic model indicating how the supplementary space can be formulated. The model will target the workplace at home and subsequently offer solutions to them. This study focuses on the planning provisions dealing mainly with visual and spatial privacy. The overall outcome of the model is to suggest guidelines to incorporate the supplementary space within multi-family residential buildings, a feature not offered in traditional planning. The concept of adaptability is the key design strategy to accommodate change in architecture and housing, even more in the case of a supplementary space. Therefore, the supplementary space model will apply the concept of adaptability through the Open Building (OB) approach; elaborating more on the practical design and construction features. Different OB applications, such as the NEXT21 project and the KSI (Kikou Support and Infill) protocol in Japan, are examples that can be used as efficient guidelines to design a supplementary space. The feasibility of the supplementary space model can be validated and served in the real world. Industrialized building systems are capable of accommodating change without demolition as their dry mechanical joints are generally at meeting the DfD (design for disassembly) standards, not only for the supplementary space but also for the whole dwelling unit.