Bücher: „Depressive beliefs“

1

Gavigan, Philomena A. Beliefs about depression: Its treatment and the role of the G.P. in an urban Irish sample. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.

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2

Depression Is a Liar: It is possible to recover and be happy again - even if you don't believe it right now. [Place of publication not identified]: Danny Baker, 2013.

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3

Fazal-Short, Nasreen. Beliefs about psychosis and their relationship to co-morbid depression: A comparison of Sikh and white patients. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.

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4

Szymanski, Adam. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723121.

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The hegemonic meaning of depression as a universal mental illness embodied by an individualized subject is propped up by psychiatry’s clinical gaze. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism turns to the work of contemporary filmmakers who express a shared concern for mental health under global capitalism to explore how else depression can be perceived. In taking their critical visions as intercessors for thought, Adam Szymanski proposes a thoroughly relational understanding of depression attentive to eventful, collective and contingent qualities of subjectivity. What emerges is a melancholy aesthetics attuned to the existential contours and political stakes of health. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism adventurously builds affinities across the lines of national, linguistic and cultural difference. The films of Angela Schanelec, Kelly Reichardt, Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Kanakan Balintagos are grouped together for the first time, constituting a polystylistic common front of artist-physicians who live, work, and create on the belief that life can be more liveable.

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5

Bacher, June Masters. No Time For Tears: Can Dreams Rise Above Grim, Depression-Era Realities for the Harrington Family? 9. Aufl. Eugene, OR, USA: Harvest House Publishers, 1992.

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6

Fong, Jeffrey A. Somatization and cultural beliefs about mental health among generations of Asian Americans. 1989.

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7

Mullin, Walter Joseph. The impact of depression on marital beliefs and marital communication. 2000.

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8

Lozano-Vranich, Belisa, und Jorge R. Petit. The Seven Beliefs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Rayo, 2004.

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9

Lozano-Vranich, Belisa, und Jorge R. Petit. The Seven Beliefs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Rayo, 2004.

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10

Publishing, Greenyx. Depression Lies Don't Believe It: 3 Column Ledger. Independently Published, 2019.

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11

Publishing, Greenyx. Depression Lies Don't Believe It: Unruled Composition Book. Independently Published, 2019.

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12

Simberlund, Jessica, und Eric Hollander. The Relationship of Body Dysmorphic Disorder to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and the Concept of the Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum. Herausgegeben von Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0034.

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This chapter describes the relationship of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the concept of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. BDD is proposed to be part of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders, given its many similarities to OCD. OCD and BDD are both characterized by obsessions and compulsions, although in BDD individuals focus specifically on body image concerns, whereas in OCD they typically focus on concerns such as contamination, harm, and aggression. Distress that results from obsessions usually generates compulsive behaviors intended to reduce emotional discomfort. Individuals with BDD are more likely to have delusional beliefs and significantly poorer insight. Individuals with BDD report higher rates of major depressive disorder, substance use disorders, suicidal thoughts, and suicide attempts. OCD and BDD demonstrate familiality, indicating that they are likely related conditions. OCD and BDD are thought to be heterogeneous disorders that result from both genetic and environmental factors, some of which appear to be shared; for example, they appear to share some abnormalities involving the basal ganglia and limbic system (specifically the caudate nucleus).

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13

The Seven Beliefs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Rayo, 2003.

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14

Brewster, Kelsey. Nobody Understands Me but My Therapist: Normalizing Therapy When Depression, Anxiety & Limiting Beliefs Are Real. Opportune Independent Publishing Company, 2021.

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15

Lozano-Vranich, Belisa, und Jorge R. Petit. The Seven Beliefs: A Step-by-Step Guide to Help Latinas Recognize and Overcome Depression. Rayo, 2003.

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16

Tacchi, Mary Jane, und Jan Scott. 6. Current controversies, future directions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199558650.003.0006.

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Some people believe depression is massively over-diagnosed, some believe it to be an understandable reaction to life that should not be medicalized or treated, and some view depression as a diagnosable disorder but disagree with the treatments that should be offered. Is depression over-diagnosed? Do antidepressants work? Are all therapies equally effective for depression? ‘Current controversies, future directions’ explores these issues and looks at what evidence exists for the use of complementary and alternative therapies such as herbal medicines and exercise. It examines links between mood disorders and circadian rhythms and the immune system, and between research on the psychotherapy of the mind and the neuroscience of the brain.

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17

Davidson, Kate M. Cognitive Therapy for Personality Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199997510.003.0017.

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CBT for personality disorders (CBTpd) uses a developmental model that places emphasis on core beliefs concerned with self-identity and other people that have arisen in childhood and behavioral strategies to compensate, avoid, or cope with these core beliefs. The therapy is less intensive than other therapies for personality disorder. A narrative formulation engages individuals in therapy and increases psychological understanding of problems, such as how core beliefs developed through adverse events in childhood led to emotional and behavioral patterns that are negative and often self-destructive and interfere with the development of positive relationships and the enhancement of life skills. CBTpd helps the patient gain control over distress, promotes more adaptive beliefs about self, and increases interpersonal skill and resilience. CBTpd has been evaluated in randomized controlled trials and shown to be effective in treating BPD, including those with suicidal behavior and severe depression.

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18

Mineka, Susan, Deepika Anand und Jennifer A. Sumner. Important Issues in Understanding Comorbidity Between Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder. Herausgegeben von C. Steven Richards und Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.031.

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The comorbidity of anxiety and mood disorders has been of great interest to psychopathology researchers for the past 25 years. One topic––the comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD)––has received considerable attention, in part because it has raised fundamental nosological issues regarding whether GAD should continue to be categorized as an anxiety disorder or whether it should be recategorized as a mood disorder. We review the logic for reclassifying GAD with the mood disorders as well as what we believe to be even more compelling reasons for why it should be retained as an anxiety disorder. In doing so, we review three different kinds of comorbidity—cross-sectional, cumulative (lifetime), and sequential. We also discuss overlaps and distinctions in what is known about the etiology of GAD and MDD and how their somewhat different cognitive and affective profiles bear on these issues of classification. Finally, we briefly discuss what some of the treatment implications may be for individuals with comorbid GAD and MDD.

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19

Simmons, Rachel A., und Katharine A. Phillips. Core Clinical Features of Body Dysmorphic Disorder : Appearance Preoccupations, Negative Emotions, Core Beliefs, and Repetitive and Avoidance Behaviors. Herausgegeben von Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0006.

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This chapter reviews core clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and presents two cases. Individuals with BDD are preoccupied with perceived flaws in their appearance that they view as ugly or abnormal (but that other people view as slight or nonexistent), to the point of experiencing significant distress or impairment in psychosocial functioning. The preoccupation with perceived ugliness triggers a cascade of negative emotions and behavioral responses that are intended to alleviate the appearance concerns but often do not. These responses include repetitive behaviors to check, fix, obtain reassurance about, or hide disliked body areas as well as avoidance of social situations. BDD is associated with high levels of emotional distress and a range of painful emotions, such as depression, anxiety, social anxiety, and shame. Core beliefs often focus on feeling unlovable, inadequate, or worthless. Associated features include high rejection sensitivity and perceived stress and low assertiveness.

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20

Dillon, Kirsten H., Patricia A. Resick und Candice M. Monson. Psychotherapy: Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT). Herausgegeben von Charles B. Nemeroff und Charles R. Marmar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259440.003.0031.

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This chapter discusses cognitive processing therapy (CPT), a trauma-focused, cognitive-behavioral treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). CPT focuses primarily on identifying and challenging maladaptive beliefs that have developed about and as a result of the trauma, in order to help the client adopt a more balanced set of beliefs. Based on its long history of research support, CPT is one of the leading evidence-based treatments for PTSD. The chapter covers the theoretical background for CPT, describes the therapy, and presents a summary of research findings. Studies of CPT across multiple populations, settings, cultures, and countries are discussed. Research on the efficacy of CPT for individuals with comorbid conditions (e.g., brain injury, personality disorders, depression) and the impact of CPT on health-related outcomes and psychosocial functioning is also presented.

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21

Buhlmann, Ulrike, und Andrea S. Hartmann. Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Herausgegeben von Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0022.

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According to current cognitive-behavioral models, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a vicious cycle between maladaptive appearance-related thoughts and information-processing biases, as well as maladaptive behaviors and negative emotions such as feelings of shame, disgust, anxiety, and depression. This chapter provides an overview of findings on cognitive characteristics such as dysfunctional beliefs, information-processing biases for threat (e.g., selective attention, interpretation), and implicit associations (e.g., low self-esteem, strong physical attractiveness stereotype, and high importance of attractiveness). The chapter also reviews face recognition abnormalities and emotion recognition deficits and biases (e.g., misinterpreting neutral faces as angry) as well as facial discrimination ability. These studies suggest that BDD is associated with dysfunctional beliefs about one’s own appearance, information-processing biases, emotion recognition deficits and biases, and selective processing of appearance-related information. Future steps to stimulate more research and clinical implications are discussed.

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22

Szymanski, Adam. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism. Amsterdam University Press B.V., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789048561681.

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The hegemonic meaning of depression as a universal mental illness embodied by an individualized subject is propped up by psychiatry’s clinical gaze. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism turns to the work of contemporary filmmakers who express a shared concern for mental health under global capitalism to explore how else depression can be perceived. In taking their critical visions as intercessors for thought, Adam Szymanski proposes a thoroughly relational understanding of depression attentive to eventful, collective and contingent qualities of subjectivity. What emerges is a melancholy aesthetics attuned to the existential contours and political stakes of health. Cinemas of Therapeutic Activism adventurously builds affinities across the lines of national, linguistic and cultural difference. The films of Angela Schanelec, Kelly Reichardt, Apichatpong Weerasethakul and Kanakan Balintagos are grouped together for the first time, constituting a polystylistic common front of artist-physicians who live, work, and create on the belief that life can be more liveable.

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23

Svensson, Antonia Louise. Locus of control, coping strategies, depression and fear-avoidance beliefs in relation to chronic back pain: Trying to predict pain severity and disability from psychological variables. 1997.

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24

Wall, Jesse. Being Yourself. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801900.003.0013.

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This chapter discusses authentic decision-making as it relates to depression based on three parallel concepts found in philosophy, psychology, and the law. Since major depression is characterized (amongst other things) by ‘symptoms of sadness and diminished interest or pleasure’, ‘feelings of worthlessness/excessive/inappropriate guilt’ and a ‘cognitive triad of pessimism regarding the self, the world and the future’, the chapter explores whether an individual who has these symptoms can act on a judgment, thought, or belief in a way that lacks authenticity. It first explains, in philosophical terms, why autonomous decision-making presupposes a ‘personal identity’, before outlining a series of clinical observations suggesting that competence to make a decision requires an ‘appreciative ability’. It also considers whether the legal test for the capacity to make a decision has a component that is equivalent to ‘personal identity’ or an ‘appreciative ability’.

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25

Nedelcu, Andrei. Christian Depression: A Biblical and Scientific Perspective for People Who Totally Lost Their Hope and Believe There Is Nothing Left. Independently Published, 2020.

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26

Leahy, Robert L. Don't Believe Everything You Feel: A CBT Workbook to Identify Your Emotional Schemas and Find Freedom from Anxiety and Depression. New Harbinger Publications, 2020.

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27

Leahy, Robert L. Don't Believe Everything You Feel: A CBT Workbook to Identify Your Emotional Schemas and Find Freedom from Anxiety and Depression. New Harbinger Publications, 2020.

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28

PhD, Robert L. Leahy. Don't Believe Everything You Feel: A CBT Workbook to Identify Your Emotional Schemas and Find Freedom from Anxiety and Depression. New Harbinger Publications, 2020.

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29

Depression Is a Liar: It IS Possible to Recover and Be Happy Again - Even If You Don't Believe It Right Now. Independently Published, 2019.

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30

John, Rich. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Retrain Your Brain from Wrong Behaviors, Irrational Beliefs and Negative Ways of Thinking. Open Yourself to Life, Happiness and the Freedom of Change. Independently Published, 2019.

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31

Porterfield, Amanda. “The Very Heart and Soul and Spirit of Our National Will”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199372652.003.0007.

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Public relations and advertising developed during the 1920s, supporting new theories of corporate trusteeship that called on managers to balance the interests of owners, workers, and consumers. Battling New Deal reforms amid widespread belief that big business was to blame for the Great Depression, business leaders became more dedicated to partisan politics. Opponents of government regulation found new bedfellows in fundamentalist Christians who interpreted current events in light of a cosmic battle between Christ and the Antichrist. Business leaders drawn to conservative interpretations of the Bible supported the expansion of evangelical networks that linked patriotism and fundamentalist Christianity to anti-statist economic policy.

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32

McTagarta, Daisy. Anxiety Workbook with Therapy Techniques: Beat Anxiety and Depression. Learn How to Feel Free and Believe in Yourself - 120 Pages Guided Journal. Independently Published, 2021.

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33

Brigade, Journals. If You Believe in Yourself Anything Is Possible: Anxiety Manager Guided Notebooks and Journals to Manage Anxiety Reduce Stress Cope with Depression. Independently Published, 2019.

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34

Deng, Gary, und Barrie R. Cassileth. Complementary therapies in pain management. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0912.

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Complementary therapies are modalities that are not traditionally part of Western medical care. Some of these therapies have demonstrated a favourable benefit:risk ratio in recent research and many can be incorporated into a multimodality pain management plan. In general, complementary therapies reduce pain by interfering with the processing of pain signals or lessen the impact of pain on the patient’s emotional state. Mind-body therapies, such as hypnosis, meditation, yoga/qigong, and music therapy, can reduce anxiety, depression, and stress-all common in patients experiencing pain. Acupuncture appears to have direct analgesic effects and reduce nausea and vomiting, which are potential side effects from opioid therapy. Massage therapy may reduce anxiety, and to a lesser degree, depression and pain. Complementary therapies are generally safe when provided by trained practitioners, although certain safety precautions still need to be exercised. The origin of pain, the factors complicating it, burdens and risks to patient, and each patient’s belief system and cultural background should all be considered when selecting from among the complementary modalities for pain.

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35

Onoye, Jane M., Deborah Goebert und Leslie Morland. Cross-Cultural Differences in Adjustment to Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period. Herausgegeben von Amy Wenzel. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199778072.013.31.

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Cultural context is important to understanding cross-cultural difference in adjustment to pregnancy and the postpartum period. Culture is complex, with interrelated variables posing challenges for research. Highlighted with examples of research with women from Western, Eastern, Native, and Other cultures, the chapter discusses variables such as acculturation and acculturative stress, social support, religious and spiritual beliefs and practices, and help-seeking and utilization of services in perinatal mental health and adjustment. Although rates of psychiatric symptoms and disorders vary across cultures, postpartum depression is universal and most often reflected in the perinatal mental health literature. Research on interventions and services mainly examine Western approaches as standard models of health care; however, understanding cultural context can help to inform directions for intervention adaptations or tailoring through a “cultural lens.” There are growing segments of cross-cultural perinatal mental health research, but many gaps still remain.

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36

Harp, Gillis J. Protestants and American Conservatism. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199977413.001.0001.

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Protestant beliefs have made several significant contributions to conservatism, both in the more abstract realm of ideas and in the arena of political positions or practical policies. First, they have sacralized the established social order, valued and defended customary hierarchies; they have discouraged revolt or rebellion; they have prompted Protestants to view the state as an active moral agent of divine origin; and they have stressed the importance of community life and mediating institutions such as the family and the church and occasionally provided a modest check on an individualistic and competitive impulse. Second, certain shared tenets facilitated this conjunction of Protestantism and conservatism, most often when substantial change loomed. For example, common concerns of the two dovetailed when revivals challenged the religious status quo during the colonial Great Awakening, when secession and rebellion threatened federal authority during the Civil War, when a new type of conservatism emerged, and dismissed the older sort as paternalistic, when the Great Depression opened the door to a more intrusive state, when atheist communism challenged American individualism, and, finally, when the cultural changes of the 1960s undermined traditional notions of the family and gender roles. Third, certain Christian ideas and assumptions have, at their best, served to heighten or ennoble conservative discourse, sometimes raising it above merely partisan or pragmatic concerns. Protestantism added a moral and religious weight to conservative beliefs and helped soften the harshness of an acquisitive, sometimes cutthroat, economic order.

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37

Haskard-Zolnierek, Kelly B., Tricia A. Miller und M. Robin DiMatteo. Promoting treatment adherence. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.003.0037.

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Empirical evidence demonstrates that quality healthcare outcomes depend greatly upon patients’ adherence to their recommended treatments. Patient adherence is a patient’s ability to follow his or her treatment recommendations given by a healthcare provider. Rates of adherence, however, can be as poor as 50% or less among patients with certain chronic diseases. For cancer patients, non-adherence can have serious consequences, including increased disease morbidity and mortality. Factors associated with non-adherence in cancer patients include treatment complexity, illness severity, patients’ beliefs and attitudes, lack of social support, and depression. Improving adherence depends upon effective provider–patient communication, trust in the therapeutic relationship, shared decision-making, and a realistic assessment of patients’ knowledge and understanding of their treatment. To assist cancer patients in acquiring appropriate disease and treatment information, to build commitment and motivation, and to assist in the development of strategies to overcome treatment barriers, healthcare professionals can use the Information-Motivation-Strategy model.

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38

Greene, Alison Collis. Radical Christianity and Cooperative Economics in the Postwar South. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039997.003.0008.

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This chapter tells a pair of stories—a grassroots beginning and a white backlash sparked by charges of outside agitation—that suggest an all-too-familiar civil rights narrative. Yet, in 1940s North Carolina, two communities—the black farmers and professionals in Tyrrell County and the multiracial network of leftist Protestants who applauded and supported their work—open up a new kind of civil rights story. Theirs is a story of interaction, interdependence, and partnerships built on a shared belief in the inseparability of economic and racial justice. Historians have long emphasized the turn from a Depression-era emphasis on economic and racial justice as two parts of a greater whole to a Cold War-era focus on civil rights and racial integration.

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39

Letheby, Chris. Philosophy of Psychedelics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198843122.001.0001.

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Philosophy of Psychedelics is the first scholarly monograph in English devoted to the philosophical analysis of psychedelic drugs. Its central focus is the apparent conflict between the growing use of psychedelics in psychiatry and the philosophical worldview of naturalism, which holds that the natural world is all that exists. The book reviews scientific evidence that psychedelics such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin can be given safely in controlled conditions, and can cause lasting psychological benefits with one or two administrations. Supervised psychedelic sessions can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and addiction, and improve well-being in healthy volunteers for months or even years. But these benefits seem to be mediated by ‘mystical’ experiences of cosmic consciousness, which prompts a philosophical concern: Do psychedelics cause psychological benefits by inducing false or implausible beliefs about the metaphysical nature of reality? The author integrates empirical evidence and philosophical considerations in the service of a simple conclusion: This ‘Comforting Delusion Objection’ to psychedelic therapy fails. Exotic metaphysical ideas do sometimes come up, but they are not the central driver of change in psychedelic therapy. Psychedelics cause lasting psychological benefits by altering the sense of self and changing how people relate to their minds—not by changing their beliefs about the ultimate nature of reality. The upshot is that a traditional conception of psychedelics as agents of insight and spirituality can be reconciled with naturalism. Controlled psychedelic administration can lead to genuine knowledge gain and spiritual growth, even if no cosmic consciousness or divine Reality exists.

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40

Harris, Andrea. Lincoln Kirstein’s Social Modernism and the Cultural Front. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199342235.003.0004.

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This chapter takes a biographical approach to Lincoln Kirstein’s creation of a modernist theory of ballet to situate its development in the 1930s cultural wing of the Popular Front and explore its evolution through and after World War II. Fueled by the cultural front’s belief in the role of the arts in social revolution, Kirstein seized the opportunity to decouple ballet from existing biases about its elitism and triviality, and formulate new ideas about its social relevance in the Depression period. After exploring the development of Kirstein’s social modernism in the cultural front, chapter 2 then turns to the challenges posed to the 1930s belief that art could be productively combined with politics through two major turning points in Kirstein’s life. These are his experiences in World War II, and the erosion of his own artistic role in the ballet company after the formation of the New York City Ballet and the ascendance of George Balanchine’s dance-for-dance-sake aesthetic in the late 1940s. The chapter illustrates Kirstein’s attempts to negotiate the social modernist aesthetic he crafted under the wing of the cultural front within the volatile political, economic, and artistic circumstances of World War II, anticommunism, and the Cold War.

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41

Sciberras, Colette. Buddha, Aristotle, and Science. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190456023.003.0002.

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This chapter compares Western philosophical and scientific foundations with Buddhist philosophies on the topic of flourishing in nature. It argues that flourishing is good by querying the purpose of nature, the existence of God and the good. Defining flourishing in terms of Aristotle’s final cause, and questioning some of the assumptions of the founders of modern science, the chapter presents a common quandary—whether science and faith are reconcilable. Through attempting to steer a Middle way between belief in eternal souls, gods and divine purposes, and the depressing conclusions of nihilists and (some) atheists, it suggests that Buddhism can be seen as scientific, if the definition of what counts as an ‘observation’ is widened. Then, by weaving together Buddhism and Aristotle, the chapter makes the case for the positive value of flourishing in nature and among humans.

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42

Bick, Sally. Unsettled Scores. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042812.001.0001.

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Unsettled Scores treats the Hollywood activities of Aaron Copland and Hanns Eisler, who were among the earliest modernist composers to negotiate the collision of the high/low dichotomy within these two cultural realms. The social and political crises provoked by capitalism and war profoundly affected these ideals and, in turn, the men’s cultural and aesthetic thinking. Confronting and living through social crisis (Eisler during the instability of Weimar Germany and Copland through America’s Depression years), both composers experimented with new artistic forms and values, shaping their musical perspectives. Eventually, they turned to Hollywood, where they found possibilities to negotiate their distinct modernist aesthetics and political beliefs. The book approaches Copland’s and Eisler’s Hollywood activities through a dual study, pairing interpretations of their writings on the subject with close examination of their first film scores: Copland’s music for Lewis Milestone’s 1939 film Of Mice and Men and Eisler’s 1943 score for Hangmen Also Die!, directed by Fritz Lang. This study examines how the highly politicized and topical nature of these films appealed to each composer’s political ideologies concerning society and the human condition. Their scores became agents for political expression as they transformed their individual styles into the commercial sphere.

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43

Sugar, Martha. When Mothers Work, Who Pays? www.praeger.com, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216187004.

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This book is a comprehensive look at the results of a study, done under the auspices of Kent State University, that explored the attitudes, beliefs, and life orientation of 253 women between the ages of 25 and 45. Depending upon the amount of employment that the subjects' mothers had outside the home while the subjects were growing up, the adult subjects responded to questions of adjustment to life, overall sense of well-being, emotional stability, and sense of self-fulfillment. The overwhelming response was that women whose mothers had worked while they were growing up were more likely to suffer from depression, to feel less effective as parents, and to report less satisfaction with their parenting skills, careers, and life in general. Contrary to perceived notions of family adjustment to working mothers, day care, and women's liberation, this study forces us to respond to the warning signals issued by a generation of the daughters of working mothers. While Sugar's findings are clear and unambiguous, she provides ample information for the reader to explore other interpretations of the data and the cause and possible solutions.

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44

Zang, David W. American Brigadoon. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037610.003.0011.

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This chapter examines the ways in which Penn State University football “fans draw their sense of community from the shared belief that Happy Valley is not only a mythic place, but a singularly righteous one as well.” It puts legendary coach Joe Paterno at the center of the narrative and sees “Happy Valley as a fantastical American Brigadoon” that may vanish after him. The State College, Pennsylvania, area acquired the “Happy Valley” nickname because of its seeming immunity to the economic misery of the Great Depression. Paterno came to State College as an assistant coach in 1950. Four years later, Brigadoon debuted in American movie theaters. It was the tale of an enchanted village that appeared once every hundred years; by covenant, if anyone left, the village would disappear forever. This chapter discusses Paterno's success with Penn State's football team and argues that he has done far more good for the game and for Penn State than he can possibly undo in his fading years.

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Hartmann, Andrea S., und Ulrike Buhlmann. Prevalence and Underrecognition of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Herausgegeben von Katharine A. Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190254131.003.0005.

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Large epidemiologic studies across Western countries that used DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria have found a point prevalence rate of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) of 1.7% to 2.9%. The prevalence of BDD is higher in clinical samples. Gender ratios in epidemiologic studies show a slight preponderance of females, which is confirmed in most convenience and clinical samples. Prevalence rates appear to be highest in younger (adolescent) subsamples. Other demographic correlates include a lower likelihood of being in a committed relationship, less education, lower household income, and higher unemployment rates. Key clinical correlates from epidemiologic studies are greater depression, anxiety, and somatoform symptoms and more frequent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Reasons for the underrecognition of BDD include shame, fear of not being understood by the clinician, lack of readiness for treatment, skepticism about treatment or belief in the superiority of other forms of treatment (such as cosmetic treatment), and lack of financial coverage for treatment.

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Morrison, James Ashley. England's Cross of Gold. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501758423.001.0001.

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This book challenges the conventional view that the UK's ruinous return to gold in 1925 was inevitable. Instead, the book offers a new perspective on the struggles among elites in London to define and redefine the gold standard — from the first discussions during the Great War; through the titanic ideological clash between Winston Churchill and John Maynard Keynes; to the final, ill-fated implementation of the “new gold standard.” Following World War I, Churchill promised to restore the ancient English gold standard — and thus Britain's greatness. Keynes portended that this would prove to be one of the most momentous — and ill-advised — decisions in financial history. From the vicious peace settlement at Versailles to the Great Depression, the gold standard was central to the worst disasters of the time. Economically, Churchill's move exacerbated the difficulties of repairing economies shattered by war. Politically, it set countries at odds as each endeavored to amass gold, sowing the seeds of further strife. The book reveals that these events turned crucially on the beliefs of a handful of pivotal policymakers. It recasts the legends of Churchill, Keynes, and their collision, and it shows that the gold standard itself was a metaphysical abstraction rooted more in mythology than material reality.

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Kelley, Robin D. G. President Obama. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0016.

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The chapter argues that President Obama had to “transcend” race by invoking a politics of color-blindness, building unity not by collectively acknowledging that the nation has a race problem, but through forgetting and ignoring the past and present. Moreover, anyone who believes an Obama administration is willing or able to challenge neoliberalism or has an interest in dismantling empire is deluded. He is president, and halfway into his first term he had made his political agenda clear: he has escalated the war in Afghanistan, is reluctant to reverse Bush policies of extraordinary rendition or refusing terror suspects trial, backed a watered-down health care reform bill, and the list goes on. Of course, he also faces the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression and intractable House and Senate Republicans. Obama may have been shaped by abolition democracy, but it is simply impossible to be a drum major for justice in the White House.

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Perry, Samuel L. Addicted to Lust. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190844219.001.0001.

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Few other cultural issues alarm conservative Protestant families and communities more than the seemingly ubiquitous threat of pornography. Thanks to widespread access to the internet, conservative Protestants now face a reality in which every Christian man, woman, and child with a smartphone can access limitless pornography in his or her bathroom, at work, or at a friend’s sleepover. Once confident of their victory over pornography in society at large, conservative Protestants now fear that “porn addiction” is consuming even the most faithful. How are conservative Protestants adjusting to this new reality? And what are its consequences in their lives? Drawing on over 130 interviews, as well as numerous national surveys, Addicted to Lust shows that, compared to other Americans, pornography shapes the lives of conservative Protestants in ways that are uniquely damaging to their mental health, spiritual lives, and intimate relationships. Samuel Perry demonstrates how certain pervasive beliefs within the conservative Protestant subculture unwittingly create a context in which those who use pornography are often overwhelmed with shame and discouragement, sometimes to the point of depression or withdrawal from faith altogether. Conservative Protestant women who use pornography feel a “double shame,” both for sinning sexually and for sinning “like a man,” while conflicts over pornography in marriages are escalated with patterns of lying, hiding, blowing up, or threats of divorce. Addicted to Lust shines new light on one of the most talked-about problems facing conservative Christians.

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Wueschner, Silvano A. Charting Twentieth-Century Monetary Policy. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188223.

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Herbert Hoover, as Secretary of Commerce, and Benjamin Strong, as Governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, played a critical role in the formulation of American monetary policy during the 1920s. Yet little attention has been given to the relationship between them—at first cooperative, then increasingly one of conflict and factionalism—or to the impact of that relationship on policy formulation. This book sheds new light on their roles in policy making and relates those roles to larger conflicts over where policy should be made, how the Federal Reserve System should be structured, and the balance that should be struck between international, national, and regional considerations. Focusing on the Hoover-Strong relationship from a political rather than a purely economic perspective, the book's scope includes both domestic and international aspects of Federal Reserve policy formulation. New sources have enabled the author to provide both fresh details and a broader interpretation. Elaborating on the belief that the Depression resulted from policies developed during the autumn of 1927, the author contends that the foundation for those policies was laid with America's decision to underwrite the Dawes plan, the decision to underwrite England's return to the gold standard, and the involvement in European monetary stabilization—all issues over which Hoover and Strong disagreed.

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Young, Phoebe S. K. Camping Grounds. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372410.001.0001.

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Camping appears to be a simple proposition, a time-honored way of getting away from it all. Yet as this book demonstrates, the simplicity of camping is deceptive, its history and meanings far from obvious. Why do some Americans find pleasure in sleeping outside, particularly when so many others, past and present, have had to do so for reasons other than recreation? A closer look at the history of camping since the Civil War reveals unexpected connections between its various forms and its deeper significance as an American tradition linked to core beliefs about nature and national belonging. Never only a vacation choice, camping has been something people do out of dire necessity and as a tactic of political protest. Still, the dominance of recreational camping as a modern ideal and natural idyll has obscured other forms from our collective memory. Camping Grounds rediscovers these unexpected and interwoven histories of sleeping outside. It uses extensive research to trace surprising links between such varied campers as veterans, tramps, John Muir, newly freed African Americans, and early leisure campers in the nineteenth century; federal campground designers, Depression-era transients, family car campers, backpacking enthusiasts, countercultural youth, and political activists in the twentieth century; the crisis of the unsheltered and the tent-based Occupy movement in the twenty-first. These entwined stories show how Americans camp to claim a place in the republic and why public spaces of nature are critical to how we relate to nature, the nation, and each other.

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