Zeitschriftenartikel: „Demonstration panel“

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Frank C. Fan, Frank C. Fan, Sam Choi Sam Choi und and C. C. Jiang and C. C. Jiang. „Demonstration of full-parallax three-dimensional holographic display on commercial 4 K flat-panel displayer“. Chinese Optics Letters 14, Nr. 1 (2016): 010007–10011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201614.010007.

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LAMIC, Elise, Nicolas FLEURISSON, Fabien NAZARET, Jean-Pierre BONNAFÉ, Ludovic ROPARS und Alexandre COLLOT. „DEMONSTRATION OF THE APPLICATION OF SUPERPLASTIC FORMING USING INFRARED HEATING EMITTERS TO A PART OF STRUCTURE INCLUDING VARIOUS GEOMETRICAL SINGULARITIES“. MATEC Web of Conferences 321 (2020): 04023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032104023.

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ArianeGroup and Aurock led a feasibility study through the realization of a scale 1 TA6V demonstrator, using superplastic forming (SPF). ArianeGroup designed the demonstrator according to its knowledge of representative structures, comprising singularities: welds, stiffeners and areas with important thicknesses variations. Aurock performed first numerical simulations of the complete process, putting in evidence the various difficulties to be solved. Then, the demonstrator was physically carried out. Once the demonstration was virtually obtained, each steps of the process were experimented: welding of thick plates with limited deformation, machining of flat panels, pre-forming by rolling and final SPF. For the SPF step, a heating cover and a reinforced refractory castable die were manufactured. Infrared emitters’ position and heating power regulation laws were carefully defined, for the panel to be kept at the correct temperature until being formed. The SPF step led to a successful demonstration of the representative structure. The experimental approach confirmed the process modelling predictability. Limited Scale 1 demonstration was necessary to ensure the process validity with real thicknesses and thickness variations, which are known to mask problems if scale reductions are used without precautions. This methodology can be transfer to a real structure only by tooling adaptations, without additional feasibility works.

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Piquette, Jean C. „Analytical backplate removal in panel tests: An experimental demonstration“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, Nr. 3 (März 1995): 1978–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.413049.

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Sugawara, Yoshiki, Hironori Sahara, Shinichi Nakasuka, Stephen Greenland, Takeshi Morimoto, Kanichi Koyama, Chisato Kobayashi, Hideaki Kikuchi, Takanori Okada und Hidenori Tanaka. „A satellite for demonstration of Panel Extension Satellite (PETSAT)“. Acta Astronautica 63, Nr. 1-4 (Juli 2008): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.016.

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Park, Malcolm. „Brunelleschi's Discovery of Perspective's “Rule”“. Leonardo 46, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_00566.

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Brunelleschi's lost panel painting of the Florence Baptistery, created in the early 15th century, is frequently cited as the first work to accurately use perspective. The system he used is unknown, and the only information about the painting mentions a demonstration by which the painting was viewed through a hole in the panel as a reflected image in a mirror. The author argues here that the image was created in a camera obscura using the panel and a mirror in the same relationship as used in the demonstration. The author also proposes that the process revealed perspective's basic “rule”: Vanishing points for parallel, horizontal lines exist at the eye level.

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Carrera, Arnau, Narcís Palomeras, Natàlia Hurtós und Marc Carreras. „Free-floating panel intervention by means of Learning by Demonstration★“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, Nr. 2 (2015): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.007.

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Bhattarai, Shankar, Ji-Seong Go, Hongrae Kim und Hyun-Ung Oh. „Development of a Novel Deployable Solar Panel and Mechanism for 6U CubeSat of STEP Cube Lab-II“. Aerospace 8, Nr. 3 (05.03.2021): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030064.

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The structural safety of solar cells mounted on deployable solar panels in the launch vibration environment is a significant aspect of a successful CubeSat mission. This paper presents a novel highly damped deployable solar panel module that is effective in ensuring structural protection of solar cells under the launch environment by rapidly suppressing the vibrations transmitting through the solar panel by constrained layer damping achieved using printed circuit board (PCB)-based multilayered thin stiffeners with double-sided viscoelastic tapes. A high-damping solar panel demonstration model with a three-pogo pin-based burn wire release mechanism was fabricated and tested for application in the 6U CubeSat “STEP Cube Lab-II” developed by Chosun University, South Korea. The reliable release function and radiation hardness assurance of the mechanism in an in-orbit environment were confirmed by performing solar panel deployment tests and radiation tests, respectively. The design effectiveness and structural safety of the proposed solar panel module were validated by launch vibration and in-orbit environment tests at the qualification level.

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Zhao, Honggang, Qiquan Zheng, Yang Wang, Junhui Cao, Chao Wang und Jihong Wen. „Acoustic absorption of a metamaterial panel: Mechanism, boundary effect and experimental demonstration“. Applied Acoustics 184 (Dezember 2021): 108369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108369.

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van Goor, H., G. Harms, P. O. Gerrits, F. G. Kroese, S. Poppema und J. Grond. „Immunohistochemical antigen demonstration in plastic-embedded lymphoid tissue.“ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 36, Nr. 1 (Januar 1988): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/36.1.3275710.

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We describe a method for post-embedding immunohistochemical demonstration of a wide range of antigens in glycol methacrylate-embedded tissue. Rat spleen and thymus tissues were fixed by immersion in fixatives containing different concentrations of paraformaldehyde, washed in sucrose phosphate buffer, dehydrated in acetone, infiltrated in a glycol methacrylate mixture in which the commonly used softener 2-butoxyethanol was replaced by butaandiol monoacrylate, and embedded. Trypsin was used to re-expose the masked antigenicity. Excellent results were obtained with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) directed against T-cells, B-cells, Ia-positive cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and leucocyte common antigen-bearing cells. The method described combines exact localization of antigens with optimal tissue morphology.

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Oxley, Les, und Peter C. B. Phillips. „MEETING OF THE NEW ZEALAND ECONOMETRIC STUDY GROUP (NZESG)“. Econometric Theory 16, Nr. 2 (April 2000): 283–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466600162097.

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The inaugural meeting of the NZESG was held in February 1997 and comprised 14 papers, a software demonstration, and a roundtable panel discussion. Around 15 participants attended throughout, with stronger attendance on the first day.

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Nosheen, Farhana, Muhammad Imran, Sadia Anjum und Robina Kouser. „Economic Growth, Environmental Efficiency, and Industrial Transfer Demonstration Zones of China: A Way Forward for CPEC“. Review of Applied Management and Social Sciences 4, Nr. 2 (01.06.2021): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/ramss.v4i2.136.

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Environmental efficiency, industrial transfer demonstration zones, and carbon transfer networks can impact the quality of the environment. This paper examines the relationship between environmental efficiency, carbon transfer networks, and national industrial transfer demonstration zones tested by utilizing some prefectural-level Chinese cities’ panel data from 2003 to 2017 through the Different-in-Difference method as way forward for China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). The results show that environmental efficiency improved with industrial transfer demonstration zones by boosting the ability to innovate, government’s expenditure on the environment, and regulatory frameworks for the environment. The findings reflect a significant increase in the GDP of the triennial industry while an insignificant decrease. Hence, to promote all-inclusive first-rate development, regional collaborative must be ensured during industrial transformation demonstration.

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dos Santos Martins Padoan, Flavia Carla, Pier Giorgio Schiavi, Gianmaria Belardi, Pietro Altimari, Antonio Rubino und Francesca Pagnanelli. „Material Flux through an Innovative Recycling Process Treating Different Types of End-of-Life Photovoltaic Panels: Demonstration at Pilot Scale“. Energies 14, Nr. 17 (04.09.2021): 5534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175534.

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A quantitative assessment of the material flux emerging from a pilot plant for the treatment of end-of-life photovoltaic panel waste was reported. The process included the manual dismantling of aluminum frames, mechanical treatment for size reduction, and the physical treatment of the milled materials for the release of coarse glass from the encapsulant polymer. Demonstration activities were performed using 1 ton of Si-, 1 ton of CdTe-, and 1 ton of CIGS-based photovoltaic panels (investigated separately), confirming the ability of the process to treat different photovoltaic technologies. The characterization of the input materials was performed and compared with previous literature data. The major bottleneck in the definition of an effective process option for the treatment of different panel technologies was emphasized by the high heterogeneity reported. Mass balances for the proposed process were derived by the recovered material flow. It was highlighted that in processes based on mechanical treatments, producing predominantly coarse fractions allows for the facile separation of most of the valuable components. In this perspective, the present work offers further insights into the design of recycling process to reach increased profitability/sustainability, especially considering the distributions of valuable metals in the process products.

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Watson, Maxwell. „CO2CRC’s carbon capture and geological storage demonstration in Victoria“. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 126, Nr. 2 (2014): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs14016.

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The recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report (Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis) states that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’, and that ‘it is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century’. The IPCC report follows a common trend attributing increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions as the cause of this climate change. Carbon dioxide (CO2), primarily from the combustion of fossil fuels for energy, is the most common greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Reduction of greenhouse gas emission, particularly CO2 to the atmosphere, is therefore a key environmental issue facing Australia and the world.

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Bhattarai, Shankar, Ji-Seong Go, Hongrae Kim und Hyun-Ung Oh. „Experimental Validation of a Highly Damped Deployable Solar Panel Module with a Pogo Pin-Based Burn Wire Triggering Release Mechanism“. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (14.12.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8829515.

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In this present work, a highly damped deployable solar panel module was developed for application in the 3 U CubeSat. The solar panel proposed herein is effective in guaranteeing the structural safety of solar cells under a launch environment owing to the superior damping characteristics achieved using multilayered stiffeners with viscoelastic acrylic tapes. A holding and release action of the solar panel was achieved by a new version of spring-loaded pogo pin-based burn wire triggering mechanism. A demonstration model of high-damping solar panel assembly was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the design. The holding and release mechanism achieved using a pogo pin was functionally tested through solar panel deployment tests under ambient room temperature and a thermal vacuum environment. The design effectiveness and structural safety of the solar panel module were validated through qualification-level launch and in-orbit environment tests.

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Smith, E., L. Oni, A. Midgley, D. Ekdawy, R. Corkhill, C. Jones, S. Marks et al. „THU0373 Demonstration of an “Excellent” Biomarker Panel for Identifying Active Lupus Nephritis in Children“. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, Suppl 2 (Juni 2015): 331.1–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.3352.

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Yamada, Kouhei, und Hosei Nagano. „Development of a heat storage panel for micro/nano-satellites and demonstration in orbit“. Applied Thermal Engineering 91 (Dezember 2015): 894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.073.

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Bhattarai, Shankar, Hongrae Kim und Hyun-Ung Oh. „CubeSat’s Deployable Solar Panel with Viscoelastic Multilayered Stiffener for Launch Vibration Attenuation“. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020 (11.08.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820619.

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Ensuring the structural safety of a deployable solar panel under a severe launch vibration environment is one of the important factors for a successful CubeSat mission. A CubeSat’s deployable solar panel proposed in this study is effective to guarantee the structural safety of solar cells by attenuating launch loads owing to the superior damping characteristic achieved by a multilayered stiffener with viscoelastic acrylic tapes. The demonstration model of 3 U CubeSat’s deployable solar panel was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed design. The basic dynamic characteristics of the solar panel were measured through free-vibration tests according to the various layers of the stiffener. Moreover, the characteristics of the deployed solar panel were measured and investigated under various temperatures to predict its capability under in-orbit operation. The effectiveness of the proposed design for launch vibration attenuation was demonstrated through qualification level sine and random vibration tests.

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Gruenbaum, P. E., W. A. McNeely, H. A. Sowizral, T. L. Overman und B. W. Knutson. „Implementation of Dynamic Robotic Graphics For a Virtual Control Panel“. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 6, Nr. 1 (Februar 1997): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.1.118.

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This paper describes an implementation of “robotic graphics,” in which forces and torques are provided in virtual environments by the method of interacting with robots that are not attached to the body. The demonstration simulates a flat control panel containing an assortment of switches by using an immersive virtual reality head-mounted display, electro-magnetic and videometric tracking, and a robot that holds a turret containing one of each of the types of switches. The robot dynamically presents the switches to be touched in a just-in-time only-as-needed basis. Results are presented regarding visual/force registration for finger tracking and human performance.

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Xiang, H. Y., und Yue Xian Zhong. „Forming Defects Analysis of Auto-Panel Stamped Part with Experimental Strain Approach“. Materials Science Forum 471-472 (Dezember 2004): 503–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.503.

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This document explains and demonstrates an experimental method to determine principal plastic strains in industrially stamped sheet panels. The principal strains distribution after a given stamping process can be obtained using computer aided grid experimental method. In contrast with FLD (Forming Limit Diagram) obtained by the material testing, the measured results of strain distribution can be used to determine the sheet metal’s formability allowing to determine at which point the sheet metal cracks or uneven stretch occurs and other forming defects. The main principle and related theory of this approach are discussed. One automobile panel stamped part as a practical case was studied, the strain distribution of the part after a given stamping process was measured and calculated, a demonstration of how to deal with the results in comparison with FLD to determine and solve forming problems is analyzed.

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Borzendowski, Stephanie, Michael Vredenburgh, Catherine Darlson, Michael Hersh, Alison Vredenburgh und Ilene Zackowitz. „Children’s Safety Workshop: A Demonstration of Human Factors Professionals’ Preparaton with Practicing Attorneys“. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 63, Nr. 1 (November 2019): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181319631511.

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This special joint session with shared interest from multiple technical groups (Forensics professional, Children’s issues, and Safety) presents an interactive demonstration of human factors preparation with “client” attorneys. Actual attorneys, exhibits and experts from a matter that took place in South Florida will work with the audience to “prepare” the case and give example cross-examination testimony. The attorneys and experts will then form a panel to respond to audience questions.

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Ravichandran, Siddharth, Shuhei Yamada, Tomonori Ogawa, Tailong Shi, Fuhan Liu, Vanessa Smet, Venky Sundaram und Rao Tummala. „Design and demonstration of Glass Panel Embedding for 3D System Packages for heterogeneous integration applications“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, Nr. 1 (01.10.2018): 000331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000331.

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Abstract This paper demonstrates a next generation high-performance 3D packaging architecture with smaller form factor, excellent electrical performance and reliability for heterogeneous integration. High density Logic-HBM integration, today, is built predominantly using interposers which are fundamentally limited in assembly pitch and interconnect lengths, and they also are expensive as the package sizes increase. On the other hand, high-frequency applications continue to use laminates which are again limited by package size and ability to integrate many components. WLFO promises better performance and form factor at lower costs, but current WLFO packages are mold-based and hence are limited to small packages. This paper presents the first demonstration of 3D Glass Panel Embedding (GPE) technology for high-performance large package applications involving heterogeneous integration. The tailorable CTE of glass allows a reliable direct board SMT of large GPE packages that not only benefits form factor and signal speed, but also provides radical benefits to power delivery. Unlike interposers and silicon bridges, GPE packages are not bump limited and can support BEOL-like I/O densities with Silicon-like RDL at much lower costs. The fundamental limitations like die-shift and poor dimensional stability of current organic WLFO packages are addressed by parametric process improvements to reduce die-shift to <2 um while also improving the RDL surface planarity for high-yielding fine-line structures. This paper describes the fabrication process for 3D GPE, leading to demonstration of a technology using embedding of chips with all-Cu interconnections at 40um I/O pitch while also enabling double-side assembly of chips to achieve 3 levels of device integration.

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Ravichandran, Siddharth, Shuhei Yamada, Tomonori Ogawa, Tailong Shi, Fuhan Liu, Vanessa Smet, Venky Sundaram und Rao Tummala. „Design and Demonstration of Glass Panel Embedding for 3D System Packages for Heterogeneous Integration Applications“. Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 16, Nr. 3 (01.07.2019): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.930748.

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Abstract This article demonstrates a next-generation high-performance 3D packaging technology with smaller form factor, excellent electrical performance, and reliability for heterogeneous integration. High-density logic-memory integration, today, is built predominantly using interposers which are fundamentally limited in assembly pitch and interconnect lengths, and they also are expensive as the package sizes increase. On the other hand, high-frequency applications continue to use laminates which are also limited by package size and ability to integrate many components. Wafer-level fan-out (WLFO) packaging promises better performance and form factor at lower costs, but current WLFO packages are mold-based and hence are limited to small packages. This article presents a 3D packaging technology using glass panel embedding (GPE) for high-performance with potential for large body size heterogeneous integration applications. The tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion of glass allows a reliable direct board attach of large GPE packages that not only benefits the form factor and signal speed but also provides radical benefits to power delivery. Unlike interposers and silicon bridges, GPE packages are not bump-limited and can support I/O densities comparable with backend-of-line with silicon-like redistribution wiring at much lower costs. The fundamental limitations such as die shift and poor dimensional stability of current organic WLFO packages are addressed by parametric process improvements to reduce die shift to <2 μm while also improving the RDL surface planarity for high-yielding fine-line structures and integrating through glass via (TGV) in the fan-out region for 3D packaging. This article describes the fabrication process for 3D GPE, leading to demonstration of a technology using embedding of chips with all-Cu interconnections at 40-μm I/O pitch with TGVs at 300-μm pitch, thus enabling double-side RDL and assembly of chips to achieve three levels of device integration.

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Udagama, P. V., P. H. David, J. S. Peiris, Y. G. Ariyaratne, K. L. Perera und K. N. Mendis. „Demonstration of antigenic polymorphism in Plasmodium vivax malaria with a panel of 30 monoclonal antibodies.“ Infection and Immunity 55, Nr. 11 (1987): 2604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.55.11.2604-2611.1987.

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Levine, Edward L., und David P. Baker. „Panel appraisal as a criterion in test validation: A demonstration in a law enforcement job“. Journal of Business and Psychology 7, Nr. 2 (1992): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01013927.

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Penneru, Anjaneya Prasad, Richard Lin, Paul Antcliff und Hansol Choi. „Development and Characterisation of Lightweight Sandwich Panel for Table Tennis Table“. Advanced Materials Research 410 (November 2011): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.410.353.

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Lightweight sandwich panels (LWSP) have been used in various sectors of construction and transportation industries. However, due to the cost and complexity of the manufacturing process, their usage in high level sport equipment has been somewhat neglected. This study investigates the feasibility of using a wood veneer sandwich panel to construct the playing surface of a table tennis table. The effects of material parameters, such as the face sheet thickness, core configuration, core thickness and surface coating, on the dynamic friction coefficient and coefficient of restitution, which ultimately dictate the speed, bounce and spin of the ball, will be examined. All results from characterisation of the LWSP table using the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) standards will be compared with those from commercially available tables. The material parameters identified to yield the most consistent and favourable characteristics for a table tennis game will be applied for construction of a full size demonstration table.

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Park, Tae-Yong, Bong-Geon Chae und Hyun-Ung Oh. „Development of 6 U CubeSat’s Deployable Solar Panel with Burn Wire Triggering Holding and Release Mechanism“. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019 (30.04.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7346436.

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In the present work, a deployable solar panel based on a burn wire triggering holding and release mechanism was developed for use of 6 U CubeSat. The holding and release mechanism was designed based on a nichrome burn wire cutting method widely used for CubeSat applications. However, it provides a high loading capability, reliable wire cutting, multiplane constraints, and handling simplicity during the tightening process of wire. A demonstration model of a printed circuit board-based solar panel stiffened by a high-pressure fiberglass-laminated G10 material was fabricated and tested to validate the effectiveness of the design and functionality of the mechanism under various test conditions. The structural safety of the solar panel combined with the mechanism in a launch vibration environment was verified through sine and random vibration tests at qualification level.

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Althoff, Klaus-Dieter, Kerstin Bach, Ralph Bergmann und Cindy Marling. „The 27th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning“. AI Magazine 41, Nr. 1 (13.04.2020): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v41i1.5288.

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The 27th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning was held September 8–12, 2019, in Otzenhausen, Germany. The theme of the conference was explainable artificial intelligence. The conference featured four invited talks, an invited panel, four workshops, a doctoral consortium, four technical paper sessions, and a poster and system demonstration session. This report summarizes conference highlights.

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Ogura, Nobuo, Siddharth Ravichandran, Tailong Shi, Atom Watanabe, Shuhei Yamada, Mohanalingam Kathaperumal und Rao Tummala. „First Demonstration of Ultra-Thin Glass Panel Embedded (GPE) Package with Sheet Type Epoxy Molding Compound for 5G/mm-wave Applications“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2019, Nr. 1 (01.10.2019): 000202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2019.1.000202.

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Abstract With the number of connected-devices increasing tremendously, communication data rates are projected to be at least 10–100X in the 5G/mm-wave (MMW) technology - much higher than the existing 4G LTE connections.[1], [2] To catch up with the trend, novel packaging technology in the MMW frequency range is required, which will address fundamental MMW technical challenges such as high dielectric loss, degradation of quality factors in passives, increased parasitic, dramatically-enhanced electromagnetic interference, and the reduced radiation efficiency of antenna arrays. State-of-the-art approaches being pursued include organic-core substrates that have a low dielectric constant (Dk) and low dissipation factor (Df) such as fluorine based or liquid-crystal polymer (LCP) substrates in order to achieve enhanced antenna performance and low signal dissipations. These organic-based substrate technologies, however, can neither miniaturize packages nor handle precision signal routings that enable high density packages. To address these challenges, attention is focused on Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (FOWLP) technologies, like eWLB, InFO, and SWIFT, where integrated circuits (ICs) are embedded in epoxy molding compound. [3]–[6] Recently, glass-panel embedding (GPE) technology is emerging as an ideal packaging methodology that enables superior performance along with small form factor, ultra-low-loss, high density, ultra-short interconnects, and low cost. [7] These benefits stem from the advantages of using glass which has excellent properties such as ultra-smooth surface for precision redistribution layer (RDL), exceptional dimensional stability for panel-scalability and tailorability of CTE that allow direct board-attach for improved system performance. In addition, utilizing the epoxy molding compounds as encapsulation material allows the GPE package to be thinner and more robust package with small farm factor. Molding of glass cavity panels also helps with the handling of ultra-thin glass which is seen as a bottleneck towards glass based packaging solutions in production. These facilitates enhanced throughput by allowing more cavity cut outs (more coupons) per panel. This paper presents the first demonstration of ultra-thin GPE with sheet type epoxy molding compound (SMC) for 5G/mm-wave applications. First part of this paper discusses the process-flow used in glass-panel embedding with laminated SMC, including chip placement in glass cavities, lamination of SMC, and the reliability of the package architecture. This paper reports on such a demonstration in 60 μm glass substrates with 40 μm thickness SMC. The second part of this paper focuses on low-loss interconnects for 5G/mm-wave applications and presents the process development of signal routings such as transmission lines and microvias in RDLs as well as through-package vias (TPVs) with via-in-via process. The results suggest that the ultra-thin GPE architecture is a promising packaging technology solution for a variety of applications including high-frequency communications and high-performance computing.

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Sawyer, Brett, Yuya Suzuki, Zihan Wu, Hao Lu, Venky Sundaram, Kadappan Panayappan und Rao Tummala. „Design and Demonstration of 40 micron Bump Pitch Multi-layer RDL on Panel-based Glass Interposers“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2015, Nr. 1 (01.10.2015): 000379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2015-wp24.

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This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a two-metal layer RDL structure at 40 um pitch on thin glass interposers. Such an RDL structure is targeted at 2.5D glass interposer packages to achieve up to 1 TB/s die-to-die bandwidth and off-interposer data rates greater than 400 Gb/s, driven by consumer demand of online services for mobile devices. Advanced packaging architectures including 2.5D and 3D interposers require fine line lithography beyond the capabilities of current organic package substrates. Although silicon interposers fabricated using back-end-of-line processes can achieve these RDL wiring densities, they suffer from high electrical loss and high cost. Organic interposers with high wiring densities have also been demonstrated recently using a single sided thin film process. This paper goes beyond silicon and organic interposers in demonstrating fine pitch RDL on glass interposers fabricated by low cost, double sided, and panel-scalable processes. The high modulus and smooth surface of glass helps to achieve lithographic pitch close to that of silicon. Furthermore, the low loss tangent of glass helps in reducing dielectric losses, thus improving high-speed signal propagation. A semi-additive process flow and projection excimer laser ablation was used to fabricate two-metal layer RDL structures and bare glass RDL layers. A minimum of 3 um lithography and 20 um mico-via pitch was achieved. High-frequency characterization of these RDL structures demonstrated single-ended insertion losses of −0.097 dB/mm at f = 1 GHz and differential insertion losses of −0.05 dB/mm at f = 14 GHz.

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Sundaram, Venky, Fuhan Liu, Chandra Nair, Rao Tummala, Atsushi Kubo, Tomoyuki Ando, Keith Best und Corey Shay. „Demonstration of Embedded Cu Trench RDL using Panel Scale Lithography and Photosensitive Dry Film Polymer Dielectrics“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, Nr. 1 (01.10.2017): 000689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-thp13_159.

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Abstract This paper presents the first demonstration of fine pitch embedded trench RDL on glass substrates using a new family of ultra-high resolution dry film photo-sensitive polymer dielectrics and a new large area panel scale lithography tool. The specific research targets are to demonstrate multilayer RDL scaling to 1um lines and vias at >200 I/Os per mm of die edge for 2.5D interposers and high density fan-out packages.

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Mulford, Rydge B., Samuel D. Salt, Lance P. Hyatt, Kyle S. Meaker, Vivek H. Dwivedi, Matthew R. Jones und Brian D. Iverson. „Experimental demonstration of heat loss and turn-down ratio for a multi-panel, actively deployed radiator“. Applied Thermal Engineering 178 (September 2020): 115658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115658.

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Ambrasas, Gintautas, Artūras Kaklauskas und Edmundas K. Zavadskas. „EFEKTYVIŲ PROJEKTŲ KŪRIMO DEMONSTRACINĖ SISTEMA/DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT PROJECTS“. JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 2, Nr. 8 (31.12.1996): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1996.10590176.

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The paper describes the Demonstration System suggested by the authors. This Demonstration System enables efficient performance of alternative life-time process planning, multicriteria assessment, utility degree determination and selection of the most efficient versions of various projects and their constituent parts: Determination of rational design solutions for walls, windows, roof structures, basement floor, heating system. Selection of rational constituent parts of a project (selection of construction site and location, multipurpose complex assessment of buildings, determination of rational types of contracts). Selection of efficient interested parties (contractors, suppliers, neighbours). Alternative designing of life-time process of a project (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings), its multicriteria assessment, determination of utility degree and selection of the most efficient version: Determination of efficient investment projects. Preparation of recommendations on efficiency increase of projects. Alternative roof-to-basement designing of a building (one-family dwelling houses; agricultural, cast-in-place, prefabricated panel, and thermal renovation of buildings) and its multicriteria analysis. This Demonstration System enables to perform alternative designing of projects and their constituent parts, multicriteria analysis, determination of utility degree and priority and preparation of recommendations on further improvement of projects. The Demonstration System is composed of two main parts: knowledge and decisionmaking subsystem. The knowledge base contains information (system and subsystems of criteria, values and significance of criteria, etc.) fully characterizing life-time processes of various projects (investments, buildings and so forth) and their constituent parts. For instance, knowledge base of life-time process of constituent parts of a building consists of information on alternative construction sites, buildings, designers, contractors, suppliers and so on. A construction site can be described by the following system of criteria: cost, assessment of existing services (water supply, sewerage, gas, electric power supply), air contamination level, living expenses, shopping possibilities, assessment of possibilities for recreation, sports and medical care, possibility to find a job, development outlooks of the district, transport conveniences, etc. The composed knowledge base is processed in various sections by decision-making subsystem. The multicriteria analysis of received results is performed by decision-making subsystem two. The Demonstration System is used by Bachelors, Engineers and Masters while working on their term and final projects. The paper gives a more detailed analysis of the proposed System. There is presented one of works performed by means of the Demonstration System.

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GRADY, J. O', A. S. KRAJEWSKI und E. F. RAMAGE. „Demonstration of clonality in T-cell lymphoma using an anti-T-cell receptor variable region antibody panel“. Histopathology 17, Nr. 6 (Dezember 1990): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1990.tb00795.x.

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Korotkov, P. A., A. B. Trubyanov, A. A. Avdeeva und A. I. Gismieva. „Statistical Analysis of Environmental Pollution Impact on Population Morbidity in the Republic of Mari El“. Statistics and Economics 17, Nr. 3 (30.06.2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2020-3-58-66.

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The article considers an econometric approach to the analysis of relation between the population morbidity rate depending on ecology and the environmental pollution index. Panel data are used in this approach.The purpose is to find quantitative relations between the state of the environment and public health under the differentiated man-caused load threatening public health in the Republic of Mari El. Materials and methods. The research methods are based on the approaches to correlation and regression analysis of the panel data. In order to identify the environmental pollution index statistically related to the morbidity rate, Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated. Then the regression models for the panel data were developed: a fixed-effect model and a random-effect model. The sources of the panel data are the following: Regional Statistics Office in the Mari El Republic (Maristat), Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Mari El Republic (Rospotrebnadzor) and Ministry of Healthcare of the Mari El Republic. The data include six air and water pollution indexes and seven priority indicators of the population morbidity rate in 15 municipal districts of the Mari El Republic in the period of 2009–2017.Results. The analysis of the Pearson and Spearman's correlation coefficients helped to identify environmental pollution indexes closely related to the population morbidity rate. These indicators were used as input data of the panel regression model. Three statistically significant panel regression models were identified. They describe the impact of pollution of drinking water from the distributed network on bronchial asthma morbidity among 0–14-aged children diagnosed for the first time in their life; and the impact of emission into the atmosphere of pollutants from the point emission sources on gastritis and duodenitis morbidity among 15–17 aged teenagers diagnosed for the first time in their life.Conclusion. The identified models have biological plausibility. The ethiopathogenetic analysis confirms the possibility of existence of the identified relations. The statistically significant relations between environmental pollution and public health do not prove existence of cause-and-effect links between them. It is statistical demonstration of the hypothesis of their possible existence. This demonstration is an essential work stage to make the hypothesis a hard fact. In the future, it is proposed to use additional, more objective and integral evaluation of environmental quality, for example, the fluctuating asymmetry of bilateral features of biological objects.

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Gong, Yanyu. „The Policy Effect of the National Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zones on the Growth of Local Agricultural Economy—Empirical Analysis Based on County Data in Sichuan Province“. E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 03042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125303042.

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Based on panel data of 178 counties (cities and districts) in Sichuan province from 2010 to 2018, this paper empirically tested the policy effect of establishing national modern agricultural demonstration zones on local agricultural economic growth by using the DID method. Research has shown that the establishment of the demonstration zones has a positive policy effect on agricultural economic growth, and the robustness test has proved the correctness of the model construction and the validity of the empirical results. However, further research found that the policy lacks a sustained promotion effect. The policy effect appeared a turning point in 2014 and then presents a stable trend. Therefore, this paper makes recommendations for the continuous development of agricultural modernization work in the future and the formulation of follow-up related policies.

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Middendorf, Lorna. „Panel Session on Extracting Testimony from the Human Factors Expert Witness“. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, Nr. 9 (Oktober 1988): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803200905.

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The purpose of this panel is to focus on concepts and procedures used by the human factors expert witness in providing evaluative and court-related services in product liability and similar legal actions. The role of the human factors expert witness during trial and specifically during the taking of trial testimony will be presented with analysis and discussion to demonstrate direct examination of qualifications or voir dire, presentation of scientific foundations, opinions and conclusions. This panel has been planned as part of an annual meeting series to answer expressed member needs for information on legal procedures, the experience and techniques of other experts, training on tactics and strategy for participation in the adversarial legal system, and ethics/standards regarding giving testimony (Forensics Professional Technical Group Survey, 1987). There will be a legal/human factors approach with a witness-attorney demonstration of direct testimony to promote an understanding of the special role of the human factors expert witness in providing competent, ethical and understandable testimony to assist the trier of fact in litigation. An important goal is to provide participants in the panel session with some basic knowledge for appropriate conduct during the process of trial direct examination.

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Cosgrove, John A., Bethany R. Lee und George J. Unick. „A Longitudinal Evaluation of Wraparound’s Impact on Youth Mental Health Service Use“. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 28, Nr. 3 (15.04.2019): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063426619842568.

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Wraparound is a care coordination model that has shown effectiveness for serving children and youth with significant emotional and behavioral health needs and their families. The current study evaluates a statewide wraparound demonstration with the goals of reducing the use of residential care and increasing access to outpatient mental health services among youth at risk of residential placement. More than 5 years of linked public systems data were analyzed using longitudinal panel data modeling to estimate wraparound treatment effects on service use over time. Findings show that wraparound enrollment decreased the use of residential treatment and increased the use of outpatient therapy, consistent with the goals of the demonstration. Implications are discussed for wraparound’s effectiveness as a statewide care coordination model, the importance of quality implementation of wraparound, and the current study’s methodological contributions to the wraparound literature.

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Mehndiratta, Amit, James D. Rabinov, Michael Grasruck, Eric C. Liao, David Crandell und Rajiv Gupta. „High-resolution dynamic angiography using flat-panel volume CT: feasibility demonstration for neuro and lower limb vascular applications“. European Radiology 25, Nr. 7 (27.02.2015): 1901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-015-3612-8.

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Bostanci, Faruk, Eyup Kadioglu und Guven Sayilgan. „Determinants of Dividend Payout Decisions: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis of Turkish Stock Market“. International Journal of Financial Studies 6, Nr. 4 (20.11.2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijfs6040093.

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This study analyzes the firm-specific factors affecting the dividend payout decisions of the companies whose shares are traded on the Borsa Istanbul stock exchange. To this end, the dynamic panel regression is applied to 853 observations of yearly average of 106 companies listed on the Borsa Istanbul between 2009 and 2015. According to results from the Arellano–Bover/Blunder-Bond two-step system generalized method of moments, a statistically significant positive effect on dividend payout was found in the relationship between the dividend payout of the previous year, the company’s return on equity and the market value/book value ratio, liquidity and the company’s size. The demonstration of a positive relationship between dividend payout and return on equity supports the free cash flow hypothesis and the positive relationship with the previous year’s dividend payout ratio supports the dividend smoothing hypothesis for Turkey.

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Kakutani, Takenori, Zhong Guan, Yuya Suzuki, Muhammad Ali, Serhat Erdogan, Atom Watanabe, Mohanalingam Kathaperumal und Madhavan Swaminathan. „Advanced Low Df Dry film Build-up Material on Glass panel for 5G application“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, Nr. 1 (01.09.2020): 000201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000201.

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Abstract This paper describes the demonstration of a low loss substrate (laminated glass) for high-frequency transmission using a dry film build-up material with low loss tangent (Df). This paper also evaluates filter characteristics and dielectric characteristics of the substrate in the mm-Wave band. The advanced low loss dry film build-up material was newly developed, and applicable to high frequency transmission. This material has a Df of 0.0025 at 10 GHz and also exhibits excellent adhesion and electrical reliability required for advanced dielectric materials. In addition, glass was used as a core material in this paper because of its excellent signal transmission characteristics compared to silicon wafers or organic substrates. To demonstrate the benefit of low loss materials for high frequency transmission, passive components for high frequency filter substrates were fabricated using - 6-inch square thin (0.2mm) glass panel with various build-up materials (Material A with a Df of 0.0025, and Material B with a Df 0.0042 at 10 GHz) laminated. Copper wiring patterns on the dielectric layers were fabricated by a semi-additive process (SAP). Circuit patterns with low pass filters and band pass filters were also fabricated. First, transmission characteristics and characteristic impedances were measured to check the electrical performance. The measured lowest transmission loss of < 1.43 dB at 39 GHz were achieved when Material A was applied as the build-up material. Second, biased-highly accelerated stress test (bHAST) was conducted to evaluate the reliability performance of the substrates with two build-up materials, Material A and a conventional material. The test condition was based on the JEDEC level 2 standard. The substrate with Material A retained good insulation properties over 300 hours of bHAST treatment, demonstrating its excellent insulating performance. In summary, Material A has been shown in this paper to exhibit reduced transmission loss in high-frequency filter substrates at millimeter wave frequencies.

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Frank, E., D. J. Kupfer, P. Rucci, M. Lotz-Wallace, J. Levenson, J. Fournier und H. C. Kraemer. „Simultaneous evaluation of the harms and benefits of treatments in randomized clinical trials: demonstration of a new approach“. Psychological Medicine 42, Nr. 4 (24.08.2011): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711001619.

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BackgroundOne aim of personalized medicine is to determine which treatment is to be preferred for an individual patient, given all patient information available. Particularly in mental health, however, there is a lack of a single objective, reliable measure of outcome that is sensitive to crucial individual differences among patients.MethodWe examined the feasibility of quantifying the total clinical value provided by a treatment (measured by both harms and benefits) in a single metric. An expert panel was asked to compare 100 pairs of patients, one from each treatment group, who had participated in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) involving interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) and escitalopram, selecting the patient with the preferred outcome considering both benefits and harms.ResultsFrom these results, an integrated preference score (IPS) was derived, such that the differences between any two patients' IPSs would predict the clinicians' preferences. This IPS was then computed for all patients in the RCT. A second set of 100 pairs was rated by the panel. Their preferences were highly correlated with the IPS differences (r=0.84). Finally, the IPS was used as the outcome measure comparing IPT and escitalopram. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the effect size comparing treatments indicated clinical equivalence of the treatments.ConclusionsA metric that combines benefits and harms of treatments could increase the value of RCTs by making clearer which treatments are preferable and, ultimately, for whom. Such methods result in more precise estimation of effect sizes, without increasing the required sample size.

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Dong, Jie, Xing Wei Zheng, Zhen Yan Zhang, Yin Xing Wang, Li Jin und Wen Jiang Ding. „Plastic Formability and Auto Demonstration Parts of Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr Magnesium Alloy“. Materials Science Forum 690 (Juni 2011): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.690.455.

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Mg-3.0Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr (wt.%, NZ30K) alloy shows middle strength and high toughness, potentially being applied as a wrought alloy. In this paper, this alloy is first successfully cast into some billets in a diameter of 100mm by direct chill (DC) casting. The optimal casting temperature is 700°C and casting speed is 90mm/min. Then, the deformability of NZ30K alloy billets was modeled by using uniaxial tensile and compression tests at different process parameters. The results show that the optimum deformation temperature of the as-cast NZ30K alloy is between 350 and 400 °C and strain ratio ranges from 0.01 to 1 s-1. Finally some round and rectangular tubes (which are also bent and weld into a support frame for an auto instrument panel) are successfully extruded, and an end cover for auto transmission case is successfully forged. Both the extruded and forged demo parts show good mechanical properties. The maximum ultimate tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of the T5 state alloy are 323 MPa, 318MPa and 11.2%, respectively.

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Zikmund-Fisher, Brian J., Angela Fagerlin und Peter A. Ubel. „A Demonstration of ‘‘Less Can Be More’’ in Risk Graphics“. Medical Decision Making 30, Nr. 6 (07.04.2010): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x10364244.

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Background. Online tools such as Adjuvant! provide tailored estimates of the possible outcomes of adjuvant therapy options available to breast cancer patients. The graphical format typically displays 4 outcomes simultaneously: survival, mortality due to cancer, other-cause mortality, and incremental survival due to adjuvant treatment. Objective. To test whether simpler formats that present only baseline and incremental survival would improve comprehension of the relevant risk statistics and/or affect treatment intentions. Design. Randomized experimental manipulation of risk graphics shown included in Internet-administered survey vignettes about adjuvant therapy decisions for breast cancer patients with ER + tumors. Participants. Demographically diverse, stratified random samples of women ages 40 to 74 y recruited from an Internet research panel. Intervention. Participants were randomized to view either pictographs (icon arrays) that displayed all 4 possible outcomes or pictographs that showed only survival outcomes. Measurements. Comprehension of key statistics, task completion times, graph evaluation ratings, and perceived interest in adjuvant chemotherapy. Results. In the primary study (N = 832), participants who viewed survival-only pictographs had better accuracy when reporting the total chance of survival with both chemotherapy and hormonal therapy (63% v. 50%, P < 0.001), higher graph evaluation ratings (x = 7.98 v. 7.67, P = 0.04), and less interest in adding chemotherapy to hormonal therapy (43% v. 50%, P = 0.04; adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.68, P = 0.008). A replication study (N = 714) confirmed that participants who viewed survival-only graphs had higher graph evaluation ratings (x = 8.06 v. 7.72, P = 0.04) and reduced interest in chemotherapy (OR=0.67,P=0.03). Limitations. Studies used general public samples; actual patients may process risk information differently. Conclusions. Taking a ‘‘less is more’’ approach by omitting redundant mortality outcome statistics can be an effective method of risk communication and may be preferable when using visual formats such as pictographs.

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Dimopoulos, Meletios, Robert Kyle, Jean-Paul Fermand, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Jesus San Miguel, Asher Chanan-Khan, Heinz Ludwig et al. „Consensus recommendations for standard investigative workup: report of the International Myeloma Workshop Consensus Panel 3“. Blood 117, Nr. 18 (05.05.2011): 4701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-10-299529.

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AbstractA panel of members of the 2009 International Myeloma Workshop developed guidelines for standard investigative workup of patients with suspected multiple myeloma. Both serum and urine should be assessed for monoclonal protein. Measurement of monoclonal protein both by densitometer tracing and/by nephelometric quantitation is recommended, and immunofixation is required for confirmation. The serum-free light chain assay is recommended in all newly diagnosed patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. Bone marrow aspiration and/or biopsy along with demonstration of clonality of plasma cells are necessary. Serum β2-microglobulin, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase are necessary for prognostic purposes. Standard metaphase cytogenetics and fluorescent in situ hybridization for 17p, t(4;14), and t(14;16) are recommended. The skeletal survey remains the standard method for imaging screening, but magnetic resonance imaging frequently provides valuable diagnostic and prognostic information. Most of these tests are repeated during follow-up or at relapse.

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Joshi, Pankaj, Frank Khelfa, Hendrik Lehmkuhl, Patrick Cordes, Patrick Naujoks, Thorsten Scharowsky und Kay Kochan. „Design, development and testing of digital MEMS pressure sensor array for full-scale vibroacoustic measurements“. INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, Nr. 2 (01.08.2021): 4343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2671.

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This manuscript addresses design, development, and application of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based digital pressure sensor array for vibroacoustic measurements. These vibroacoustic measurements were conducted on a A320 type single aisle aircraft demonstrator subjected to broadband as well as tonal excitations. Cabin noise levels were measured with both condenser microphones as well as digital MEMS pressure sensor array. The measured cabin noise shows strong qualitative as well as quantitative agreement between both type of measurement devises for full scale cabin noise measurements inside an aircraft demonstrator. The observed strong agreement is valid for both single wall (fuselage with thermal insulation) and double wall (fuselage with thermal insulation and trim panel) cabin noise measurements. Such strong agreement within 1.0 dB tolerance is significantly motivating for further development of reliable but low-cost MEMS based measurement devises and corresponding efficient data post-processing algorithms for full scale vibroacoustic measurements in general. Additionally, it is also demonstrated that the large number of MEMS based digital pressure sensors can be used in areas where the physical space constraints are high. This demonstration shows strong potential to derive additional vibroacoustic indicator for the development and the testing of future noise control solutions in a non-traditional way.

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Gupta, Atul, Eric Snyder, Christiane Gottschalke, Kevin Wenzel, James Gunn, Hao Lu, Yuya Suzuki, Venky Sundaram und Rao Tummala. „First Demonstration of Fine Line RDL Yield Enhancement using an Innovative Ozone Treatment Process for Panel Fan-out and Interposers“. Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2017, DPC (01.01.2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2017dpc-tp1_presentation2.

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As front end transistor scaling by Moore's law faces economic and technical challenges, interconnect scaling by advanced packaging technologies has started to add value at system level for a variety of electronics applications including consumer, high performance computing and automotive. The focus on yield improvement at every node that has enabled transistor scaling is now becoming a very critical need for high volume manufacturing of advanced packaging technologies such as 2.5D interposers and high density fanout [1]. This paper describes the first demonstration of a novel atmospheric approach based on ozone as an alternative to vacuum-based plasma treatment for photoresist cleaning to enhance the re-distribution layer (RDL) yields in advanced semi-additive process (SAP) processes. The ozone process is applicable to wafers as well as large panels, and is suited for small feature sizes down to 1um that are required for interposers and future fan-out packages. Ozone process provides an environmentally friendly solution eliminating the need for hazardous chemicals used in wet cleaning processes and has the potential to significantly increase throughput and reduce process cost compared to plasma processing by eliminating the need for vacuum chambers. The goal of this research is to demonstrate the effectiveness and benefits of the atmospheric dry ozone process developed using an MKS Instruments ozone delivery system for electrolytic copper plating yield improvement and dry film resist (DFR) residue cleaning, for 1-10um RDL critical dimensions (CD). The paper will describe the process fundamentals and the manufacturing tools, and discuss the characterization by contact angle measurements to confirm wettability of the plating surfaces, as well as demonstrate improvement of fine line RDL plating quality. The ever-increasing requirement for higher computing power in both high power applications and low power hand held or wearable devices is driving the need for higher signal bandwidth connections between logic and memory chips enabled through advances in the packaging world. The wiring density and I/O pitch are scaled down to achieve high bandwidth interconnections on a package with limited routing space. Photolithography, electrolytic copper plating, and copper seed layer etch are three crucial defining the yield and minimum feature size of RDL in the SAP flow. With the feature size scaling down to 3 μm, the quality of the metallized copper structure is crucial for high performance applications. Traditionally, wet chemical cleans are used for improving copper plating yields. The wet chemical process uses hazardous chemicals such as trichloroethylene (TCE) that are not environmentally friendly. These processes may be substituted with an oxygen plasma treatment that can clean organic residues in DFR trenches and improve wettability of the seed layers prior to plating as well as DFR residues after copper plating and DFR stripping. However, such plasma treatment approach requires a vacuum chamber which limits its throughput and cost effectiveness for high volume manufacturing. This paper proposes a higher throughput alternative solution to the plasma treatment process for electrolytic copper plating. Since the ozone gas is generated from oxygen, and reduced to oxygen upon process completion, no hazardous gas is required, or discharged into the atmosphere. To demonstrate the applicability of the ozone treatment to wafer-scale and panel-scale processing, two different types of copper seed layers, physical vapor deposition (PVD) Ti-Cu, and electroless plated copper, were evaluated. The effectiveness of both ozone and oxygen plasma treatments were qualified against a control sample with no treatment. The 7 μm thick DFR was laminated on the copper seed layers, then patterned with a projection lithography tool, and a minimum feature size of 3 μm was resolved. After photolithography, the substrates were subjected to ozone or plasma treatments. The water contact angle measurements show significant wettability improvement on the surfaces of substrates with copper seed layer, DFR, and DFR mesh patterned on a copper seed layer. Copper plating quality was then compared between samples. Both the ozone and plasma treatments resulted in excellent copper metallization quality due to the creation of a hydrophilic surface. The effectiveness of the ozone treatment at 50 deg C was confirmed, thus minimizing any impact on DFR stripping. The ozone treatment was also applied to clean the DFR residues after resist stripping and our results confirmed that the ozone process removed any remaining photoresist residues from the copper surface. In conclusion, this paper proposed and demonstrated high throughput, atmospheric pressure ozone treatment as an innovative alternative to plasma treatment for cleaning the surfaces prior to electrolytic copper plating, as well as for photoresist residue removal after resist strip. The results show yield improvement of plated RDL and DFR residue cleaning. The ozone process does not use any hazardous chemicals or gases and also does not require any vacuum steps, which makes it environmental friendly and high throughput, and offers a promising approach for fine line RDL for interposers and fan-out packages in meeting the semiconductor industry roadmap needs.

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Yang, Le, Xinzhu Sang, Xunbo Yu, Boyang Liu, Li Liu, Shenwu Yang, Binbin Yan, Jingyan Du und Chao Gao. „Demonstration of a large-size horizontal light-field display based on the LED panel and the micro-pinhole unit array“. Optics Communications 414 (Mai 2018): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.12.069.

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Xue, Haiping, und Chenchen Fang. „The Impact of High School Entrance Examination Competition on Students’ Participation in Extracurricular Tutoring in the Compulsory Education Period: An Empirical Analysis Based on the Data of China Family Panel Studies“. Best Evidence in Chinese Education 8, Nr. 2 (31.07.2021): 1081–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/bece.21.or040.

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We used the Hierarchical Linear Bernoulli Model based on China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2016 data and provincial high school acceptance rate data. We explored the relationship between provincial high school entrance examination competition and students’ extracurricular tutoring participation during compulsory education. The study found that the high school acceptance rate and occupational high school acceptance rate have no significant effect on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring in the compulsory education stage. However, the high school acceptance rate has a significant positive impact on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring, and there is a heterogeneous effect on the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring from families of different social classes. The higher the high school acceptance rate, the greater the probability of students from families with higher social strata participating in extracurricular tutoring. The demonstration high school acceptance rate has a significant negative impact on students’ extracurricular tutoring participation rate. It has a heterogeneous influence on students’ extracurricular tutoring participation in different school stages and social class families. The education administration department should actively expand high-quality, high school educational resources and increase the demonstration high school acceptance rate. And to increase the number of admissions for the demonstration high school to disadvantaged families with lower social strata to alleviate the pressure of families and students from the high school entrance examination competition. This can not only reduce the participation rate of students’ extracurricular tutoring during the compulsory education stage, but also promote the equalization of high-quality high school entrance opportunities for children of different classes of families.

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Gavrilov, D., R. Gr Maev und D. P. Almond. „A review of imaging methods in analysis of works of art: Thermographic imaging method in art analysis“. Canadian Journal of Physics 92, Nr. 4 (April 2014): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2013-0128.

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This article discusses a number of modern techniques used for the analysis of works of art. The most widely used approaches as well as lesser known ones are outlined in terms of their applications and the kind of information on the condition of artworks that can be extracted. Special attention is paid to the method of thermographic analysis of works of pictorial art. The principles of the technique, various computational approaches, and safety concerns are discussed. A set of examples is provided for the demonstration of the capabilities of thermographic assessment, including a range of real canvas and panel paintings exhibited in museums and in private collections.

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Tulkens, Paul M., Tamara V. Milosevic, Gaëlle Vertenoeil, William Vainchenker, Stefan N. Constantinescu und Françoise Van Bambeke. „1616. Mechanism of Thrombocytopenia Induced by Oxazolidinones Antibiotics (Linezolid, Tedizolid): Demonstration of Impairment of Megakaryocyte Differentiation From Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells associated with Mitochondrial Toxicity“. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (01.10.2020): S801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1796.

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Abstract Background Linezolid causes thrombocytopenia, which limits its use. In cell culture and in tissues from treated patients, linezolid impairs mitochondrial protein synthesis (due to structural similarities and common binding sites between bacterial and mitochondrial ribosomes). Recent studies have shown that mitochondria act as a key relay in the process leading from activation of the thrombopoietin receptor to megakaryocytes differentiation. Methods Validated ex-vivo human model of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) differentiation for (i) measuring megakaryocytes, granulocyte-monocytes, and burst-forming unit-erythroids colony formation; (ii) differentiation into megakaryocytes (conversion of CD34+ into CD41+/CD42+ cells; morphology) and proplatelets formation, (iii) mitochondrial toxicity (electron microscopy; cytochrome c-oxidase activity [partly encoded by the mitochondrial genome]). Results We show that linezolid (and the recently approved tedizolid), both at concentrations corresponding to their human serum concentrations) inhibit the maturation of HSC into fully differentiated megakaryocytes (CD41 and CD42-positive cells) and the formation of proplatelets. Optic and Electron microscopy) showed an impairment of the formation of typical megakaryocytes (lack of large polylobulated nuclei and of intracellular demarcation membrane system [required for platelet formation]), together with disappearance of the internal structure of mitochondria. Biochemical studies showed a complete suppression of the activity of cytochrome c-oxidase (a key enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain). Conclusion Our study provides for the first time insights in the mechanism of thrombocytopenia induced by linezolid and tedizolid, identifying mitochondria as their target and showing that the drugs will impair the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into mature platelets-releasing megakaryocytes. It illustrates how mitochondria dysfunction may play a key role in toxicology and diseases, while paving the way for rational approaches for the design and screening of less toxic derivatives for the benefit of future patients. Disclosures Paul M. Tulkens, MD, PhD, Bayer (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)Menarini (Speaker’s Bureau)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)Trius (now part of Merck) (Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Françoise Van Bambeke, PharmD, PhD, Bayer (Speaker’s Bureau)

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