Zeitschriftenartikel: „Delayed-Outputs“

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Garofalo, F., und L. Glielmo. „Discrete Observes for Plant With Delayed Outputs“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 19, Nr. 13 (November 1986): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)59531-2.

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Kader, Zohra, Gang Zheng und Jean-Pierre Barbot. „Impulsive observer design for linear systems with delayed outputs“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, Nr. 1 (Juli 2017): 1263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.352.

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3

Bouridah, M. S., T. Bouden und M. E. Yalçin. „Delayed outputs fractional-order hyperchaotic systems synchronization for images encryption“. Multimedia Tools and Applications 80, Nr. 10 (28.01.2021): 14723–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10425-3.

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4

Adil, A., A. Zemouche, A. Hamaz, T. M. Laleg-Kirati, I. N’Doye und F. Bedouhene. „High-Gain Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems with Delayed Outputs“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, Nr. 2 (2020): 5057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1112.

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Palumbo, Pasquale. „A realizable observer for a flexible system with delayed outputs“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 33, Nr. 23 (September 2000): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)36927-6.

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Zidong Wang und Fuwen Yang. „Robust filtering for uncertain linear systems with delayed states and outputs“. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications 49, Nr. 1 (2002): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/81.974887.

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Farza, M., O. Hernández-González, T. Ménard, M. M’Saad und C. M. Astorga-Zaragoza. „Observer design for a class of uncertain systems with delayed outputs“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 50, Nr. 1 (Juli 2017): 1427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.285.

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8

Wang, Xinhua, Jinkun Liu und Kai-Yuan Cai. „Tracking control for a velocity-sensorless VTOL aircraft with delayed outputs“. Automatica 45, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2009): 2876–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2009.09.003.

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9

Liu, Xinpeng, und Xianqiang Yang. „Robust Variational Inference for LPV Dual-Rate Systems With Randomly Delayed Outputs“. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 70 (2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3067242.

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Guechi, El-Hadi, Jimmy Lauber, Michel Dambrine, Gregor Klančar und Saso Blažič. „PDC Control Design for Non-holonomic Wheeled Mobile Robots with Delayed Outputs“. Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 60, Nr. 3-4 (23.04.2010): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10846-010-9420-0.

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KUROIWA, JOUSUKE, SHIGETOSHI NARA und KAZUYUKI AIHARA. „RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF A SINGLE CHAOTIC NEURON TO STOCHASTIC INPUTS“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 11, Nr. 05 (Mai 2001): 1447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127401002857.

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Response properties of a single chaotic neuron to stochastic inputs are investigated by means of numerical simulations in the context of a nonlinear dynamical approach to analyzing chaotic behaviors of a neuron. We apply six kinds of stochastic inputs with the same mean rate but different correlations of interspike intervals, whose timings are determined by a stochastic process, namely, Markovian processes and Gaussian/Poisson random processes. From numerical evaluations of entropy and conditional entropies with respect to interspike intervals of outputs, it is shown that interspike intervals of outputs represent dynamical structures of each input. Numerical calculations of Lyapunov exponents, trajectories of dynamics and return plots of internal states make meaningful difference in dynamical properties of the model depending on inputs even if mean interspike intervals of outputs are almost the same values. In order to extract dynamical features of outputs, we calculate a time-delayed space representation of output responses to inputs, and the results provide different trajectories in a time-delayed phase space, which reflect a higher order statistical feature of inputs, amplifying their feature differences. For signals containing noise, the behaviors of the model do not suffer degradation, showing robustness to noise in the inputs. As conclusion, our results show that dynamical properties of inputs can be extracted with clear difference of response properties of the model, that is, the model gives a variety of the amplitude and the interspike intervals of outputs depending on inputs. In other words, the model can realize dynamical sampling of inputs with sensitivity of response properties to inputs and robustness to inputs with noise.

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Farza, Mondher, Omar Hernández-González, Tomas Ménard, Boubekeur Targui, Mohammed M’Saad und Carlos-Manuel Astorga-Zaragoza. „Cascade observer design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with delayed outputs“. Automatica 89 (März 2018): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2017.12.012.

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Tarbouriech, S., J. M. Gomes Da Silva und G. Garcia. „Delay-dependent anti-windup strategy for linear systems with saturating inputs and delayed outputs“. International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 14, Nr. 7 (10.05.2004): 665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.899.

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Li, Jiayi, Qiang Cai, Pu Li, Yi Yang, K. Alan Shore und Yuncai Wang. „Image recognition based on optical reservoir computing“. Chaos: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science 32, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2022): 123106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110838.

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We propose an image recognition approach using a single physical node based optical reservoir computing. Specifically, an optically injected semiconductor laser with self-delayed feedback is used as the reservoir. We perform a handwritten-digit recognition task by greatly increasing the number of virtual nodes in delayed feedback using outputs from multiple delay times. Final simulation results confirm that the recognition accuracy can reach 99% after systematically optimizing the reservoir hyperparameters. Due to its simple architecture, this scheme may provide a resource-efficient alternative approach to image recognition.

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Lavretsky, E., N. Hovakimyan und A. J. Calise. „Upper bounds for approximation of continuous-time dynamics using delayed outputs and feedforward neural networks“. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 48, Nr. 9 (September 2003): 1606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2003.816987.

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Sun, Lantao, Gang Chen und Walter A. Robinson. „The Role of Stratospheric Polar Vortex Breakdown in Southern Hemisphere Climate Trends“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71, Nr. 7 (20.06.2014): 2335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-0290.1.

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Abstract This paper investigates the connection between the delay in the final breakdown of the stratospheric polar vortex, the stratospheric final warming (SFW), and Southern Hemisphere climate trends. The authors first analyze Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and three climate model outputs with different climate forcings. Climate trends appear when there is a delay in the timing of SFWs. When regressed onto the SFW dates (which reflect the anomaly when the SFW is delayed for one standard deviation of its onset dates), the anomaly pattern bears a resemblance to the observed climate trends, for all the model outputs, even without any trends. This suggests that the stratospheric and tropospheric circulations are organized by the timing of SFWs in both the interannual time scale and climate trends because of external forcings. The authors further explore the role of the SFW using a simplified dynamical model in which the ozone depletion is mimicked by a springtime polar stratospheric cooling. The responses of zonal-mean atmospheric circulation, including zonal wind, temperature, and poleward edge of the Hadley cell and the Ferrel cell, are similar to the observed climate trends. The authors divide the years into those in which the SFW is delayed and those in which it is not. The responses for the years in which the SFW is delayed are very similar to the overall response, while the stratosphere is only characterized by the localized cooling for those years in which the SFW is not delayed, with no subsequent downward influence into the troposphere. This suggests that, in order to affect the troposphere, ozone depletion must first delay the SFW so as to induce a deep response in planetary wave drag and the associated eddy-driven circulation.

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Djennoune, Said, Maamar Bettayeb und Ubaid Muhsen Al-Saggaf. „Synchronization of fractional–order discrete–time chaotic systems by an exact delayed state reconstructor: Application to secure communication“. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 29, Nr. 1 (01.03.2019): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2019-0014.

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Abstract This paper deals with the synchronization of fractional-order chaotic discrete-time systems. First, some new concepts regarding the output-memory observability of non-linear fractional-order discrete-time systems are developed. A rank criterion for output-memory observability is derived. Second, a dead-beat observer which recovers exactly the true state system from the knowledge of a finite number of delayed inputs and delayed outputs is proposed. The case of the presence of an unknown input is also studied. Third, secure data communication based on a generalized fractional-order Hénon map is proposed. Numerical simulations and application to secure speech communication are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed approach.

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Hernández-González, O., M. Farza, T. Ménard, B. Targui, M. M’Saad und C. M. Astorga-Zaragoza. „A cascade observer for a class of MIMO non uniformly observable systems with delayed sampled outputs“. Systems & Control Letters 98 (Dezember 2016): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2016.10.006.

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Dimassi, H., A. Loria und S. Belghith. „Adaptive observers-based synchronization of a class of Lur'e systems with delayed outputs for chaotic communications“. IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, Nr. 12 (Juni 2012): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120620-3-mx-3012.00015.

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Park, Hyunbin, und Shiho Kim. „Single Inductor Multiple Output Auto-Buck-Boost DC–DC Converter with Error-Driven Randomized Control“. Electronics 9, Nr. 9 (19.08.2020): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091335.

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We propose a single inductor multiple output (SIMO) auto-buck-boost DC–DC converter with error-driven randomized control (EDRC). The conventional controls in a SIMO DC–DC converter supply power to outputs that have been selected in a sequential order. Furthermore, they control the inductor current levels at either edge of a switching period in a steady state to be at the same level to alleviate cross-regulation. However, this limits the flexibility of the converter to respond to changes in load requirements. A sequential selection of light loads results in these loads being selected more often than a load demand, degrading the efficiency for light loads. In addition, limited flexibility leads to delayed responses. This paper introduces an auto-buck-boost topology that selects outputs based on output errors, and instantaneously adjusts the inductor current level. Moreover, we propose a technique for allowing any output to avoid selection when all outputs are fully supplied. The proposed EDRC scheme achieves improvements in efficiency in regards to light loads, cross-regulation, and output driving capability.

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Myers, Catherine. „LEARNING WITH DELAYED REINFORCEMENT THROUGH ATTENTION-DRIVEN BUFFERING“. International Journal of Neural Systems 01, Nr. 04 (Januar 1991): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065791000376.

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Learning with delayed reinforcement refers to situations where the reinforcement to a learning system occurs only at the end of a string of actions or outputs, and it must then be assigned back to the relevant actions. A method for accomplishing this is presented which buffers a small number of past actions based on the unpredictability of or attention to each as it occurs. This approach allows for the buffer size to be small, and yet learning can reach indefinitely far back into the past; it also allows the system to learn when reinforcement is not only delayed but also reinforcements from other unrelated actions may arrive during this delay. An example of a simulated food-finding creature is used to show the system at work in a predictive application where reinforcements show this interleaving behaviour.

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Saini, Vikram, und Lillie Dewan. „Instrument variable method based on nonlinear transformed instruments for Hammerstein system identification“. Journal of Vibration and Control 24, Nr. 13 (22.02.2017): 2802–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317694770.

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An extended instrumental variable (EIV) method is considered for the stochastic Hammerstein system (ARMAX and general model structure). The EIV method provides consistent parameter estimates by eliminating noise-induced bias in the least square (LS) method. To estimate the parameters, the Hammerstein model is formulated using the bilinear parameterization. The bilinear model is identified by introducing the nonlinear instrumental variables obtained from transformed delayed outputs using nonlinear mapping and polynomial basis of delayed inputs. These instruments are analyzed in full generality by computing the bounds on expected relationship between instruments and noise for the general noise disturbance structure. Then, a specific case with hyperbolic tangent (tanh) transformation is considered. Comparative performance analysis of the proposed IV method with the existing IV method, the data filtering-based LS methods, and the extended LS method shows improvement in the statistical properties of parameters estimates.

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Madhavan, Radhika, Arjun K. Bansal, Joseph R. Madsen, Alexandra J. Golby, Travis S. Tierney, Emad N. Eskandar, William S. Anderson und Gabriel Kreiman. „Neural Interactions Underlying Visuomotor Associations in the Human Brain“. Cerebral Cortex 29, Nr. 11 (27.12.2018): 4551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy333.

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Abstract Rapid and flexible learning during behavioral choices is critical to our daily endeavors and constitutes a hallmark of dynamic reasoning. An important paradigm to examine flexible behavior involves learning new arbitrary associations mapping visual inputs to motor outputs. We conjectured that visuomotor rules are instantiated by translating visual signals into actions through dynamic interactions between visual, frontal and motor cortex. We evaluated the neural representation of such visuomotor rules by performing intracranial field potential recordings in epilepsy subjects during a rule-learning delayed match-to-behavior task. Learning new visuomotor mappings led to the emergence of specific responses associating visual signals with motor outputs in 3 anatomical clusters in frontal, anteroventral temporal and posterior parietal cortex. After learning, mapping selective signals during the delay period showed interactions with visual and motor signals. These observations provide initial steps towards elucidating the dynamic circuits underlying flexible behavior and how communication between subregions of frontal, temporal, and parietal cortex leads to rapid learning of task-relevant choices.

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Spindler, A., und J. Krampe. „Quality control of wastewater treatment operational data by continuous mass balancing: dealing with missing measurements and delayed outputs“. Water Quality Research Journal 50, Nr. 3 (12.02.2015): 228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.056.

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Continuous mass balancing defines a new standard in data quality validation. Likewise relying on the principles of mass conservation it outperforms long-term static mass balancing approaches because faults in data can be assigned to their time of occurrence. This research was carried out with practical application to routine operational data in mind and two major aspects are investigated to make this application feasible. Sludge concentrations of typically balanced components (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphate) are not routinely measured in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore they need to be determined from alternative, more frequent measurements such as total suspended solids. To provide the necessary statistical basis for such determination, monthly sludge sampling was found sufficient. Further, contrary to long-term static mass balancing, the effects of delay between input and output loads must not be neglected in continuous mass balancing based on daily data. While a storage/release approach did not give the desired results, the consideration of hydraulic retention (first-order flow dynamics) fundamentally improved the performance of the proposed method.

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Bai, Manying, und Yazhou Gao. „Chaos Control on a Duopoly Game with Homogeneous Strategy“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7418252.

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We study the dynamics of a nonlinear discrete-time duopoly game, where the players have homogenous knowledge on the market demand and decide their outputs based on adaptive expectation. The Nash equilibrium and its local stability are investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the model may exhibit chaotic phenomena. Quasiperiodicity is also found by setting the parameters at specific values. The system can be stabilized to a stable state by using delayed feedback control method. The discussion of control strategy shows that the effect of both firms taking control method is better than that of single firm taking control method.

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Uzezi IDHALAMA (CLN), Ogagaoghene, Kingsley Efe OSAWARU (CLN), Magnus Osahon IGBINOVIA (CLN) und Prisca Iheoma NWACHUKWU. „Scholarly Research Outputs and Vulnerability of Nigerian Lecturers to Predatory Journals“. World Journal of Educational Research 10, Nr. 1 (05.01.2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v10n1p1.

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This study investigated scholarly research outputs and vulnerability of Nigerian lecturers to predatory journals. Five objectives were formulated to guide the study. A descriptive survey research design was adopted using the online Google Form to collect data/responses from lecturers across board in Nigeria. The population of the study comprised lecturers in Nigeria. The sampling technique used for the study was the total enumeration sampling technique (107) as the whole responses were analysed using frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation for easy appreciation and comprehension, with the aid of SPSS Version 23. It was found out that: The research outputs by Nigerian lecturers appear to be a little bit low, Nigerian lecturers obviously know the reputable journals that are available, many Nigerian authors and writers do not publish in high reputable journals, some of the challenges recorded are high cost/finance, problem of delayed review process, high rejection rate by reputable journal and rigorous online submission process. Also, the idea of compulsorily publishing in high impact journals rather than focus on the quality of the research output, before promoting lecturers is misplaced and should be reviewed. Recommendations were made in line with the findings of the study.

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Xie, L. B., L. S. Shieh, J. S. H. Tsai, C. Y. Wu und J. J. Park. „Digital and analog integer delayed modeling and control for multivariable systems with multiple time delays in states, inputs and outputs“. Applied Mathematical Modelling 40, Nr. 2 (Januar 2016): 1615–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2015.08.012.

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Ohtomo, Atsushi, und Yasuharu Sasaki. „Configuration and Optimal Control of Hydraulic/Pneumatic Hybrid Actuator with 2-DOF“. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 13, Nr. 3 (20.06.2001): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2001.p0238.

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A pneumatic actuator outputs large power in proportion to weight and can be installed in an inexpensive, light and compact configuration. From the standpoint of controllability, however, it is weak due to nonlinearity by compression and delayed transfer of air, it has a problem of poor accuracy in position control. To solve such problem, we propose a hydraulic/pneumatic hybrid actuator that has a pneumatic cylinder and hydraulic cylinder in parallel and uses the hydraulic cylinder as damper. We demonstrate that it can be used in practice and structurally applying it to a manipulator with 2-DOF. It also demonstrates that high-speed and stable control can be achieved by applying optimal control method.

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Lv, Xiumei, Shiqin Xu und Xiaoling Tang. „Investment Timing and Capacity Choice under Uncertainty“. Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/801862.

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This paper examines strategic investment between two firms that compete not only for investment timing but also for capacity under stochastic market demand. The value functions of real option for the follower, the dominant leader, and the preemptive leader are derived and their investment decisions are investigated. It finds that both firms will delay investment and the delayed margin of the follower will surpass that of the leader under greater uncertainty. Furthermore, both firms will provide more outputs in the face of increasing uncertainty and the growth rate of the follower’s capacity will exceed that of the leader’s. In addition, this paper finds that the follower will end up with a larger capacity than the leader.

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Nam, Kyu-Hyun, Nam-Pyo Hong und Jun-Seok Park. „A Cascade Fractional-N Synthesizer Topology of DLL and Frequency Multiplier for 5G+ Communication Systems“. Electronics 13, Nr. 23 (27.11.2024): 4685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13234685.

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This study presents a synthesizer topology based on a delay-locked loop (DLL) and programmable frequency multiplier for 5G+ communication systems. The proposed synthesizer comprises a 512-phase DLL, an intermediate frequency generator (IFG), and an RF frequency multiplier (RFFM). The 512-phase DLL provides 512 delayed pulses through a chain of 256 delay units and single-to-differential complementary converters (S2DCs). The IFG comprises I/Q-multiplexers, I/Q-accumulators, an XOR, and an S2DC. The I/Q-multiplexer outputs switch to the phase lag or lead waveforms at every rising or falling edge of the outputs, which makes the I/Q-multiplexer output frequency, fMX, programmable. The IF, fIF, is two times fMX, and fIF is up-converted to RF, fRF, through the RFFM. When the reference clock frequency, fref, is 156.25 MHz, the fIF range is 156.863–312.5 MHz and the fRF dynamic range is approximately 1.89–9.96 GHz. The channel resolution range is 3.698–38.609 MHz. Consequently, the proposed synthesizer provides a wide 134% output frequency bandwidth and a finer channel resolution smaller than fref. The presented synthesizer is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process. The total power consumption is 15 mW, and the rms jitter integrated from 1 kHz to 100 MHz measured as 107.6 fs.

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Caballero-Águila, R., A. Hermoso-Carazo und J. Linares-Pérez. „Least-Squares Filtering Algorithm in Sensor Networks with Noise Correlation and Multiple Random Failures in Transmission“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1570719.

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This paper addresses the least-squares centralized fusion estimation problem of discrete-time random signals from measured outputs, which are perturbed by correlated noises. These measurements are obtained by different sensors, which send their information to a processing center, where the complete set of data is combined to obtain the estimators. Due to random transmission failures, some of the data packets processed for the estimation may either contain only noise (uncertain observations), be delayed (randomly delayed observations), or even be definitely lost (random packet dropouts). These multiple random transmission uncertainties are modelled by sequences of independent Bernoulli random variables with different probabilities for the different sensors. By an innovation approach and using the last observation that successfully arrived when a packet is lost, a recursive algorithm is designed for the filtering estimation problem. The proposed algorithm is easily implemented and does not require knowledge of the signal evolution model, as only the first- and second-order moments of the processes involved are used. A numerical simulation example illustrates the feasibility of the proposed estimators and shows how the probabilities of the multiple random failures influence their performance.

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Tréangle, Clément, Mondher Farza und Mohammed M’Saad. „Observer design for a class of disturbed nonlinear systems with time-varying delayed outputs using mixed time-continuous and sampled measurements“. Automatica 107 (September 2019): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2019.05.049.

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Farrow, L., A. D. Ablett, H. W. Sargeant, T. O. Smith und A. T. Johnston. „Does early surgery improve outcomes for periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee? A systematic review and meta-analysis“. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 141, Nr. 8 (08.02.2021): 1393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03739-2.

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Abstract Introduction Previous evidence has established that early surgery is beneficial to improve outcomes for individuals with native hip fractures in the elderly population. Patients who sustain a periprosthetic fracture have been demonstrated to have similar demographics and outcomes as those with native fractures around the hip and knee. We therefore set out to determine if there is a similar difference in perioperative outcomes between early and delayed surgery for periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods Literature search outputs were screened for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The groups of early surgery and delayed surgery were defined by study authors. The primary outcome measure was 30 day mortality. Where there was sufficient study homogeneity, a random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Individual study risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I criteria, with the GRADE criteria used for independent outcome evaluation. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO prior to commencement (Registration number CRD42019149360). Results The inclusion criteria was met in 11 studies (n = 3006). Mean time to surgery from admission for reporting studies was 64 h. 59.6% patients underwent early surgery as defined by the study authors. We identified a significantly lower risk of 30 day mortality for those with early surgery versus delayed surgery (RR 0.21; 95% CI 0.05, 0.90; p = 0.04, n = 2022). There were also significantly better outcomes for early versus delayed surgery regarding: medical complications, length of stay, transfusion risk, and reoperation. The quality of evidence for all the individual outcomes was low or very low. Conclusions There is evidence that delaying surgery in those with periprosthetic fractures of the hip and knee has a deleterious impact on mortality and other important patient outcomes. There are, however, notable limitations to the existing available literature, with further appropriately designed large-scale studies required to confirm these findings.

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Caballero-Águila, R., A. Hermoso-Carazo und J. Linares-Pérez. „Covariance-Based Estimation from Multisensor Delayed Measurements with Random Parameter Matrices and Correlated Noises“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/958474.

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The optimal least-squares linear estimation problem is addressed for a class of discrete-time multisensor linear stochastic systems subject to randomly delayed measurements with different delay rates. For each sensor, a different binary sequence is used to model the delay process. The measured outputs are perturbed by both random parameter matrices and one-step autocorrelated and cross correlated noises. Using an innovation approach, computationally simple recursive algorithms are obtained for the prediction, filtering, and smoothing problems, without requiring full knowledge of the state-space model generating the signal process, but only the information provided by the delay probabilities and the mean and covariance functions of the processes (signal, random parameter matrices, and noises) involved in the observation model. The accuracy of the estimators is measured by their error covariance matrices, which allow us to analyze the estimator performance in a numerical simulation example that illustrates the feasibility of the proposed algorithms.

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An, Soon-Il, Jong-Seong Kug, Yoo-Geun Ham und In-Sik Kang. „Successive Modulation of ENSO to the Future Greenhouse Warming“. Journal of Climate 21, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1500.1.

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Abstract The multidecadal modulation of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) due to greenhouse warming has been analyzed herein by means of diagnostics of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) and the eigenanalysis of a simplified version of an intermediate ENSO model. The response of the global-mean troposphere temperature to increasing greenhouse gases is more likely linear, while the amplitude and period of ENSO fluctuates in a multidecadal time scale. The climate system model outputs suggest that the multidecadal modulation of ENSO is related to the delayed response of the subsurface temperature in the tropical Pacific compared to the response time of the sea surface temperature (SST), which would lead a modulation of the vertical temperature gradient. Furthermore, an eigenanalysis considering only two parameters, the changes in the zonal contrast of the mean background SST and the changes in the vertical contrast between the mean surface and subsurface temperatures in the tropical Pacific, exhibits a good agreement with the CGCM outputs in terms of the multidecadal modulations of the ENSO amplitude and period. In particular, the change in the vertical contrast, that is, change in difference between the subsurface temperature and SST, turns out to be more influential on the ENSO modulation than changes in the mean SST itself.

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Pedullà, Ludovico, Elisa Gervasoni, Ambra Bisio, Monica Biggio, Piero Ruggeri, Laura Avanzino und Marco Bove. „The last chance to pass the ball: investigating the role of temporal expectation and motor resonance in processing temporal errors in motor actions“. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsaa021.

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Abstract Humans can acquire information on others’ motor outputs (action prediction) and intentions (action understanding) according to their individual motor repertoire and to the detected gesture’s features (e.g. temporal patterns). We aimed at dissociating between action prediction and action understanding abilities in soccer players and novices observing soccer action videos including correct timing pass (CTP) or delayed pass (DP). First, we used an occluding paradigm to evaluate participants’ ability to predict the correct time to pass the ball. Although soccer players showed reduced reaction times, all subjects showed a similar pattern of performance: during DP observation, responses appeared delayed with respect to the other conditions but anticipated with respect to the observed DP. In a separate experiment, we investigated the ability to recognize CTP vs DP and the modulation of primary motor cortex (M1) excitability associated to video observation. Only soccer players showed selective modulation of M1 according to the plausibility of the observed action, with increased excitability during the observation of the CTP and in a phase preceding the DP. In conclusion, action prediction ability seems to be independent from the individual motor repertoire. By contrast, only subjects with previously acquired sensorimotor skills are able to infer the observed action’s long-term intention.

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Du, Jiqing, Dan Zhou, Wei Wang und Sachiyo Arai. „Reference Model-Based Deterministic Policy for Pitch and Depth Control of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, Nr. 3 (10.03.2023): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030588.

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The Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithm is an optimal control method with generalization capacity for complex nonlinear coupled systems. However, the DRL agent maintains control command saturation and response overshoot to achieve the fastest response. In this study, a reference model-based DRL control strategy termed Model-Reference Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic (MR-TD3) was proposed for controlling the pitch attitude and depth of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system. First, a reference model based on an actual AUV system was introduced to an actor–critic structure, where the input of the model was the reference target, the outputs were the smoothed reference targets, and the reference model parameters can adjust the response time and the smoothness. The input commands were limited to the saturation range. Then, the model state, the real state and the reference target were mapped to the control command through the Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic (TD3) agent for training. Finally, the trained neural network was applied to the AUV system environment for pitch and depth experiments. The results demonstrated that the controller can eliminate the response overshoot and control command saturation while improving the robustness, and the method also can extend to other control platforms such as autonomous guided vehicle or unmanned aerial vehicle.

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Geng, Yan, Xiaoe Ruan und Hyo-Sung Ahn. „Data-Driven Networked Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Discrete Linear Time-Varying Systems with One-Operation Bernoulli-Type Communication Delays“. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9846846.

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This paper develops a type of data-driven networked optimal iterative learning control strategy for a class of discrete linear time-varying systems with one-operation Bernoulli-type communication delays. In terms of the stochastic Bernoulli-type one-operation communication delayed inputs and outputs, the previous-iteration synchronous compensations are adopted. By means of deriving gradients of two types of objective functions that express the optimal approximation of the system matrix and the minimal tracking error, the strategy approximates the system matrix and upgrades the control inputs in an interact mode as the iteration evolves. By taking advantage of matrix theory and statistical technique, it is derived that the approximation discrepancy of the system matrix is bounded and the mathematical expectation of the tracking error vanishes as the iteration goes on. Numerical simulations manifest the validity and effectiveness.

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Zhang, Yongyue, Weihua Cao und Min Wu. „Subspace Modeling Method for Burn-Through Point“. Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 20, Nr. 2 (18.03.2016): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2016.p0279.

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In the study, for the iron sintering process which is strongly time-delayed and confounding, a data-driven modeling method called subspace modeling method is proposed to predict the burn-through point (BTP) in this paper. First, by analyzing the mechanism of the sintering process and processing the industrial data, the relationship between the exhaust gas temperature and bellows is confirmed. Then, based on the position of the BTP, a subspace modeling method is used to establish a temperature identification model. This model outputs, the temperature of the BTP and its inputs include the exhaust gas temperature of the front three bellows and the operating parameters. Finally, we compare the obtained result with those of other algorithms. The simulation experiment shows the effectiveness and veracity of the subspace model for BTP, which will provide a precise model for controller design.

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Lu, Ya Li. „Simulation and Control of a Duopoly Model“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 472 (Januar 2014): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.472.146.

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This paper studies the dynamics of a duopoly model with bounded rationality and nonlinear demand function. Based on the stability theorem and Jurys criterions, we prove that the model has two unstable boundary fixed points and a local stable Nash equilibrium. Then we depict the stability region of Nash equilibrium, and investigate the effects of output adjustment speed on the players profit respectively. Theoretical analysis and simulations show that higher output adjustment speed can result in chaotic variation of outputs, and that the Nash equilibrium is the optimal result of duopoly game. To improve the profitability of each player and achieve the optimal game result, we put forth a new scheme combined with the time-delayed feedback control and the limiter control to stabilize the output to Nash equilibrium. Finally, the numerical simulation is adopted to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the above control scheme.

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Burton, J. D., K. A. Edge und C. R. Burrows. „Modeling Requirements for the Parallel Simulation of Hydraulic Systems“. Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 116, Nr. 1 (01.03.1994): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900668.

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Parallel simulation of systems offers the benefit of increased speed of execution, but requires the system model to be partitioned to enable numerical tasks to be performed concurrently. Hydraulic systems are characterized by a transport delay in the pipelines connecting physical components, which is due to the propagation of waves at the speed of sound through the fluid medium. The transmission delay allows component models to be decoupled for the current time step, enabling a parallel solution; the inputs to each component model are delayed outputs from connected models. This paper describes a simulation environment suitable for the simulation of hydraulic system performance, using the transmission line modeling approach for the pipelines, decoupling the component models in a hydraulic circuit simulation. Computationally efficient models for cavitation and friction are developed and evaluated. In addition, partitioning strategies for parallel operation are outlined, although these have yet to be implemented.

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Zhang, Qing, Jing Feng Zheng, Ying Yue Xiao, Xian Rong Qin, Yuan Tao Sun und Li Dong Zhang. „The Study of Winding Performance in Key Stage on a Parallel Grooved Drum“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 387 (August 2013): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.387.110.

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The parallel grooved multi-layer winding drum can wind rapidly and reliably compared to traditional multi-layer winding drum, because of the special groove which is generated by circular and helical motion. The present paper represented the key winding stage for parallel grooved drum was the helical motion in first circle on the second layer, and the stage was simulated in ADAMS under several factors as fleet angle, winding linear velocity and rope tension. Taguchi method was adopted to estimate the winding performance through two simulation outputs, including the time delay compared to ideal time and the sum of amplitude error during the delayed time. Experiment was applied by considering more factors than that in ADAMS, and the experiment results could verify the validity of simulation in ADAMS. The simulation and experiment results showed that the optimal winding performance could be obtained with certain combination of factors.

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Sarkhosh, Mehdi, und Shiva Najafi. „Escritura colaborativa e individual: Efectos en el desarrollo de la precisión y fluidez“. Porta Linguarum Revista Interuniversitaria de Didáctica de las Lenguas Extranjeras, Nr. 33 (31.01.2020): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi33.18124.

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The present study investigates the differential effects of collaborative vs. individual writing approaches on the development of fluency and accuracy among male and female EFL learners. The study is unprecedented in terms of investigating the effect of these two approaches on fluency and accuracy development in the long-run through a delayed posttest. Additionally, the study examines the development of fluency and accuracy over seven successive sessions longitudinally. The written outputs, produced by the participants, were scored for fluency and accuracy according to the method applied by Wigglesworth and Storch (2009). The Data, analyzed through MANCOVA and ANOVA analyses, revealed that collaborative writing led to more fluent texts for both males and females in the short and the long run. Also, the collaboratively written compositions were more accurate in comparison to those written individually for males and females in the short and long run.

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TSUI, ALBAN PUI MAN, und ANTONIA J. JONES. „PERIODIC RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL STIMULATION OF A CHAOTIC NEURAL NETWORK WITH DELAYED FEEDBACK“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 09, Nr. 04 (April 1999): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021812749900050x.

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We construct a feedforward neural network so that when the outputs are fed back into the inputs and the system is iterated it behaves chaotically. We call this the "rest state". Suppose now that an input stimulus is added to one or more inputs. Following a biologically inspired model suggested by Freeman [1991], under these conditions we should want the behavior of the network to stabilize into an unstable periodic orbit of the original system. We call this the "retrieval behavior" since it is analogous to the act of recognition. Standard methods of chaos control, such as OGY for example, used to elicit the retrieval behavior would be inappropriate, since such methods involve calculations external to the system being controlled and can be considered unlikely in a biological neural network. Using a chaos control method originally suggested by Pyragas [1992] we show that retrieval behavior can occur as a result of delayed feedback and examine the variety of the responses that arise under different types of stimuli and under noise. This artificial neural system has a strong dynamical parallel to Freeman's observed biological phenomenon.

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Farrow, L., A. D. Ablett, L. Mills und S. Barker. „Early versus delayed surgery for paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures in the absence of vascular compromise“. Bone & Joint Journal 100-B, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2018): 1535–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.100b12.bjj-2018-0982.r1.

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Aims We set out to determine if there is a difference in perioperative outcomes between early and delayed surgery in paediatric supracondylar humeral fractures in the absence of vascular compromise through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed, with search outputs screened for studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The groups of early surgery (ES) and delayed surgery (DS) were classified by study authors. The primary outcome measure was open reduction requirement. Meta-analysis was performed in the presence of sufficient study homogeneity. Individual study risk of bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies – of Interventions (ROBINS-I) criteria, with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) criteria used to evaluate outcomes independently. Results A total of 12 studies met the inclusion criteria (1735 fractures). Pooled mean time to surgery from injury was and 10.7 hours for ES and 91.8 hours for DS. On meta-analysis there was no significant difference between ES versus DS for the outcome of open reduction requirement. There was also no significant difference for the outcomes: Iatrogenic nerve injury, pin site infection, and re-operation. The quality of evidence for all the individual outcomes was low or very low. Conclusions There is no evidence that delaying supracondylar fracture surgery negatively influences outcomes in the absence of vascular compromise. There are, however, notable limitations to the existing available literature.

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Aba, Yılda Arzu, und Gül Ergün. „Post-Abortion Syndrome and nursing approachesPost-Abortus Sendromu ve hemşirelik yaklaşımları“. International Journal of Human Sciences 13, Nr. 1 (13.02.2016): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3577.

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The relation between the life outputs, are associated especially with the mental health outputs at Abortus and the period that follows it. Post-Abortus Syndrome (PAS) is the concept of abortus trauma management that show up with the chronic or delayed symptoms as a result of the hidden emotional reactions that are experienced because of the post-abortus physical and psychological trauma. The individual, the systemic and the social factors that are existing at post-Abortus women affect PAS development. The interventions, in general, that are oriented towards mental problems of the individual at the PAS period, focused on the individual’s sufficiency and efficiency for coping with all the problems that are faced in her life. There is no any program that is developed for post-Abortus women or their family in our country. It is important for the individual who is diagnosed with PAS to receive consultancy from a health professional for her recovery from the period. ÖzetAbortus ve bunu izleyen süreçte yaşam sonuçları arasındaki ilişki özellikle mental sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Post-Abortus Sendromu (PAS), abortus sonrası fiziksel ve psikolojik travma nedeniyle deneyimlenen gizlenmiş duygusal tepkiler sonucu, kronik ya da gecikmiş belirtilerle ortaya çıkan abortus travmasını yönetebilme kavramıdır. Abortus sonrası kadınlarda var olan bireysel, sistemik ve sosyal faktörler PAS gelişimini etkilemektedir. PAS dönemindeki bireyin ruhsal sorunlarına yönelik yapılan müdahaleler genel olarak, bireyin yaşamında karşılaştığı tüm sorunlarla başetmesinde yeterli ve etkili hale gelmesine odaklanır. Ülkemizde abortus sonrası kadınlara ya da ailelerine yönelik geliştirilen herhangi bir program bulunmamaktadır. PAS tanısı alan bireyin süreci atlatabilmesi için sağlık profesyoneli tarafından danışmanlık alması önemlidir.

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Rashida, Zeenat, Rajalakshmi Srinivasan, Meghana Cyanam und Sunil Laxman. „Kog1/Raptor mediates metabolic rewiring during nutrient limitation by controlling SNF1/AMPK activity“. Science Advances 7, Nr. 16 (April 2021): eabe5544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe5544.

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In changing environments, cells modulate resource budgeting through distinct metabolic routes to control growth. Accordingly, the TORC1 and SNF1/AMPK pathways operate contrastingly in nutrient replete or limited environments to maintain homeostasis. The functions of TORC1 under glucose and amino acid limitation are relatively unknown. We identified a modified form of the yeast TORC1 component Kog1/Raptor, which exhibits delayed growth exclusively during glucose and amino acid limitations. Using this, we found a necessary function for Kog1 in these conditions where TORC1 kinase activity is undetectable. Metabolic flux and transcriptome analysis revealed that Kog1 controls SNF1-dependent carbon flux apportioning between glutamate/amino acid biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Kog1 regulates SNF1/AMPK activity and outputs and mediates a rapamycin-independent activation of the SNF1 targets Mig1 and Cat8. This enables effective glucose derepression, gluconeogenesis activation, and carbon allocation through different pathways. Therefore, Kog1 centrally regulates metabolic homeostasis and carbon utilization during nutrient limitation by managing SNF1 activity.

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Novotna, Veronika, und Tereza Sustrova. „Order Management System Proposal Using Inventory Balance Equation with Non-continuous Replenishment“. Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 26, Nr. 1 (03.07.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.9017.

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The purpose of this paper is to present an inventory balance model including an order-up-to replenishment policy with partial backlogging. Pictured in the model is a situation, where goods are not replenished continuously, but only at predetermined intervals. The model is described by ordinary differential equations with delayed argument because of the assumption of a time lag between ordering and delivery.A computer simulation which helps to demonstrate and verify model behaviour is utilized for the numerical solution of the model. Sales data of a real company are used as the input data.Due to the comparison of the designed model outputs against the real state in the company, it was verified that it is possible to achieve a substantial reduction in warehousing costs without a disproportionate increase in the risk of inventory shortage. The authors note that modern methods of functional analysis can be successfully applied in solving an inventory balance model.

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Santos-Jimenez, Zurisaday, César A. Meza-Herrera, Guadalupe Calderon-Leyva, Paula Martinez-Ros, Juan M. Guillen-Muñoz und Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes. „Efficiency of hCG for Inducing Resumption of Ovarian Cyclicity and Synchronized Ovulations during the Seasonal Anestrous in Sheep“. Animals 11, Nr. 11 (05.11.2021): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113159.

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This research aimed to evaluate whether the administration of hCG at the time of removal of a progesterone device may be effective at inducing estrus and ovulations in sheep during the natural seasonal anestrous, by comparing reproductive outputs (induction and duration of estrus, follicle development, ovulation, ovulation rate, and pregnancy rates) in ewes treated with eCG or only saline solution at the time of CIDR removal. Whereas results demonstrated no response in the control non-treated group, the largest rate of narrowly synchronized estrus signs and ovulations occurred in the eCG-group. The administration of hCG was effective at inducing estrus, promote follicular growth and a delayed yet significant ovulation (>84%) on day 10 after CIDR removal; moreover, an increased embryonic implantation rate was also observed. Moreover, if the hCG ewes remain exposed to active males for some days, said strategy could be adopted, aiming to induce pregnancies by natural mating in a short period of time.

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Sherry, Lance. „A model for estimating airline passenger trip reliability metrics from system-wide flight simulations“. Journal of Transport Literature 7, Nr. 2 (April 2013): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2238-10312013000200017.

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Analysis of the benefits of government modernization initiatives for airports or air traffic control are conducted using complex software models that simulate up to 60,000 flights per day. These flight-centric simulations do not model passenger flows and therefore do not account for passenger trip delays due to cancelled flights and missed connections, which account for up to 60% of the total passenger trip delays. This paper describes a closed-form model for estimating passenger trip reliability metrics from flight delay data from system-wide simulations. The outputs of the model, (i) percent passengers disrupted, (ii) average passenger trip delay, and (iii) total passenger trip delays, are derived from the probability of delayed flights and network structure parameters. The model highlights the role of network structure, in addition to flight on-time performance, on passenger trip reliability. These results have implications for government and industry initiatives to improve flight on-time performance through modernization, consumer protection, and the conduct of benefits analysis.

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