Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Defects Chemistry“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Gabániová, Mária. „Surface Chemistry-Based Surface Defects Situated on Steel Strips Edges“. Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.199.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIpser, Herbert. „A3B Intermetallics: Defect chemistry and nonstoichiometry“. Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, Nr. 10 (01.01.2007): 1675–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779101675.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKovalevsky, Andrei V., Myriam H. Aguirre, Sascha Populoh, Sonia G. Patrício, Nuno M. Ferreira, Sergey M. Mikhalev, Duncan P. Fagg, Anke Weidenkaff und Jorge R. Frade. „Designing strontium titanate-based thermoelectrics: insight into defect chemistry mechanisms“. Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, Nr. 8 (2017): 3909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta09860f.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeggiolaro, Daniele, Silvia G. Motti, Edoardo Mosconi, Alex J. Barker, James Ball, Carlo Andrea Riccardo Perini, Felix Deschler, Annamaria Petrozza und Filippo De Angelis. „Iodine chemistry determines the defect tolerance of lead-halide perovskites“. Energy & Environmental Science 11, Nr. 3 (2018): 702–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ee00124c.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyoub, Irfan, Vijay Kumar, Reza Abolhassani, Rishabh Sehgal, Vishal Sharma, Rakesh Sehgal, Hendrik C. Swart und Yogendra Kumar Mishra. „Advances in ZnO: Manipulation of defects for enhancing their technological potentials“. Nanotechnology Reviews 11, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 575–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2022-0035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGötze, Jens, Yuanming Pan und Axel Müller. „Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of quartz: A review“. Mineralogical Magazine 85, Nr. 5 (28.09.2021): 639–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/mgm.2021.72.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLuo, Yang, und Yinghong Wu. „Defect Engineering of Nanomaterials for Catalysis“. Nanomaterials 13, Nr. 6 (21.03.2023): 1116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13061116.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChiodelli, G., U. Anselmi-Tamburini, M. Arimondi, G. Spinolo und G. Flor. „Defect Chemistry of “BaCuO2” II. Transport Properties and Nature of Defects“. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 50, Nr. 11 (01.11.1995): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1995-1113.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWithers, Ray, Jeffrey Sellar, Michael O'Keeffe und Stephen Hyde. „Bruce Godfrey Hyde 1925–2014“. Historical Records of Australian Science 26, Nr. 2 (2015): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr15006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStemmer, S., G. Duscher, E. M. James, M. Ceh und N. D. Browning. „Atomic Scale Structure-Property Relationships of Defects and Interfaces in Ceramics“. Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (Juli 1998): 556–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002290x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Cromack, Keith Richard. „Photo-induced magnetic defects in conducting polymers“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343059111.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJózefowicz, Mikolaj Edward. „Structure and long-lived defects in polyanilines“. The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343400785.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCliffe, Matthew James. „Disorder and defects in functional molecular frameworks“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cd827bc8-b3dd-4fda-bdb8-f0dc893d66c2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLee, Lawrence Yoon Suk 1972. „Probing and controlling defects in self-assembled monolayers“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102674.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis characteristic electrochemical property of FcC12S-Au system allows for the quantification of defects in SAMs. This is important because coverage defects, or voids in alkylthiol SAMs, are a critical component of electron transfer mechanisms of soluble redox probes. Short time exposure of a defective SAM to FcC12SH leads to a quantifiable defect-related Fc coverage (GammaFc), with GammaFc < 1% being readily measurable. Using FcC12SH as a label, a number of alkylthiol SAM preparation conditions have been assessed.
FcC12SH is further used to probe the progress of the important alkylthiol-for-alkylthiol exchange reaction in SAMs. It is shown that variation of chain length, reaction temperature, terminal group, applied potential, and the initial defect density determines the extent and the rate of the exchange reaction. Kinetics studies of binary (FcC12S-/CH3RS-Au) SAM formation via co-incubation reveal that although csurfFc is initially close to the solution mole fraction of the FcC12 SH ( csolnFc ), the subsequent exchange reaction leads to a csurfFc which is often quite different from csolnFc .
Finally, the FcC12SH probe is used to further study the reductive voltammetric desorption of alkylthiol SAMs. Defects in a C14S-Au SAM created by excursions to desorptive reduction potentials were quantified by use of the FcC12SH label. A reductive desorption potential followed by re-adsorption, applied to a binary (FcC12S-/C14S-Au) SAM, results in mixing of the phase separated components of the binary SAM.
Pressé, Steve 1981. „Role of fluctuations and defects in select condensed matter problems“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43774.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePage 122 blank. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Defects and fluctuations dominate both static and dynamical properties of systems in the condensed phase. In this work, we focus on three such examples. Firstly, we model the effect of proton fluctuations on the rate of electron transfer in the condensed phase through an electron donor-acceptor assembly linked via an H-bonding bridge. The model suggests that it is possible for the electron transfer rate through a deuterated H-bonding assembly to exceed the rate through a protonated H-bonding bridge at low temperature, consistent with experimental findings. Next, we consider the convergence properties of Jarzynski's non-equilibrium work relation. This relation expresses the free energy change of a system, onto which finite-time work is done, as an ensemble average over all possible trajectories of the system. We quantify the regime of applicability of this equality by considering the role of rare fluctuations which dominate the work average of entropy generating processes. Lastly, we consider fluorophore lifetime variations arising when single molecules are placed near non-planar metallic surfaces. We compute the exact first order self-fields of vertical dipoles located above locally curved perfectly conducting surfaces by invoking a small slope phase perturbation technique. The results suggest that smooth perturbations lead to deviations from the image theory results extensively used to interpret the experimentally observed single molecule lifetime changes.
by Steve Pressé.
Ph.D.
Mottishaw, Sinead. „Investigations of the nature, properties and distribution of defects in diamond“. Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/101511/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoy, Santanu. „Spectroscopic study of defects in cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDS) and cadmium selenide nanorods (NRS)“. Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16118.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDepartment of Chemistry
Viktor Chikan
Ever depleting sources of fossil fuel has triggered more research in the field of alternate sources of energy. Over the past few years, CdSe nanoparticles have emerged as a material with a great potential for optoelectronic applications because of its easy exciton generation and charge separation. Electronic properties of CdSe nanoparticles are highly dependent on their size, shape and electronic environment. The main focus of this research is to explore the effect of different electronic environments on various spectroscopic properties of CdSe nanoparticles and link this to solar cell performance. To attain that goal, CdSe quantum dots (QDs) and nanorods (NRs) have been synthesized and either doped with metal dopants or embedded in polymer matrices. Electronic properties of these nanocomposites have been studied using several spectroscopic techniques such as absorption, photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, confocal microscopy and wide field microscopy. Indium and tin are the two metal dopants that have been used in the past to study the effect of doping on conductivity of CdSe QDs. Based on the photoluminescence quenching experiments, photoluminescence of both indium and tin doped samples suggest that they behave as n-type semiconductors. A comparison between theoretical and experimental data suggests that energy levels of indium doped and tin doped QDs are 280 meV and 100 meV lower than that of the lowest level of conduction band respectively. CdSe nanorods embedded in two different polymer matrices have been investigated using wide field fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. The data reveals significant enhancement in bandedge luminescence of NRs in the vicinity of a conjugated polymer such as P3HT. Photoactive charge transfer from polymers to the surface traps of NRs may account for the observed behavior. Further study shows anti-correlation between bandedge and trap state emission of CdSe NRs. A recombination model has been proposed to explain the results. The origin of traps is also investigated and plausible explanations are drawn from the acquired data.
Srinivasan, K. „FDAS : a knowledge-based framework for analysis of defects in woven textile structures“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8671.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRoberts, Sean T. (Sean Thomas). „Hydrogen bond rearrangements and the motion of charge defects in water viewed using multidimensional ultrafast infrared spectroscopy“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57678.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle"December 2009." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
Compared with other molecular liquids, water is highly structured due to its ability to form up to four hydrogen bonds to its nearest neighbors, resulting in a tetrahedral network of molecules. However, this network is highly dynamic, exhibiting fluctuations and rearrangements that take place on femtosecond to picosecond time scales. The transport of excess protons and proton holes in water makes exclusive use of water's hydrogen bonding network. Compared to ions of similar size and charge density, both hydronium and hydroxide ions exhibit anomalously high diffusion rates due to the fact that water molecules that neighbor these ions can undergo a proton transfer reaction with the ion. This allows the structural diffusion of the ion to occur apart from the displacement of individual water molecules. In this thesis we adopt a joint experimental and theoretical approach to characterize the fluctuations of water's hydrogen bonding network and how these fluctuations act to drive the structural diffusion of the aqueous hydroxide ion. The experimental data that we present consists of a series of ultrafast nonlinear infrared spectroscopies, in particular two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), applied to the O-H stretching transition of a dilute solution of HOD in NaOD/D20. The frequency of the O-H stretch, (OH, is highly sensitive to the configuration of its hydrogen bonding partner. 2D IR spectroscopy allows us to measure rapid shifts in OH that reveal time scales for changes in the local environment of the HOD molecule.
(cont.) The calculation of 2D IR spectra from molecular dynamics simulations then allows us to make a direct connection between the results of our experiments and the underlying dynamics of the system that drive both hydrogen bond exchange and the structural diffusion of the hydroxide ion. 2D IR spectra recorded for dilute HOD in D20 show a strong asymmetry, preferentially broadening in the frequency region indicative of strained or broken hydrogen bonds, indicating that these configurations are unstable and quickly return to a hydrogen bond. The time scale over which the 2D spectra broaden, ~60 fs, is similar to the librational period of water and suggests that molecules exchange hydrogen bonding partners though rapid, large amplitude rotations. Molecular dynamics simulations find that the transition state for hydrogen bond exchange resembles a bifurcated hydrogen bond. In roughly half of the examined exchange events, a second solvation shell water molecule inserts across the breaking hydrogen bond. This suggests that hydrogen bond rearrangements are tied to the restructuring of a water molecule's solvation shell. Upon the addition of NaOD to HOD/D20 solution, a large absorption continuum appears to the low frequency side of the O-H stretch due to the formation of strong hydrogen bonds between HOD molecules and OD ions. At early waiting times, 2D IR spectra show large, offdiagonal intensity in this frequency range that rapidly relaxes within ~110 fs.
(cont.) Modeling using an empirical valence bond simulation (MS-EVB) model of aqueous NaOH suggests that as the 0-H stretching potential symmetrizes during proton transfer events, overtone transitions of the shared proton contribute strongly to 2D spectra. The rapid loss of offdiagonal intensity results from the spectral sweeping of these vibrational overtones as the solvent modulates the motion of the shared proton. The collective electric field of the solvent is found to be an appropriate reaction coordinate for the formation and modulation of shared proton states. Over picosecond waiting times, spectral features appear in the 2D IR spectra that are indicative of the exchange of population between OH~ ions and HOD molecules due to proton transfer. The construction of a spectral fitting model gives a lower bound of 3 ps for this exchange. Calculations of structural parameters following proton exchange using the MS-EVB simulation model suggest that the observed exchange process corresponds to the formation and breakage of hydrogen bonds donated by the HOD/OD~ pair formed as a result of the proton transfer. A full description of the structural diffusion of the hydroxide ion requires both a description of the local hydrogen bonding structure of the ion as well as the dielectric fluctuations of the surrounding solvent.
by Sean T. Roberts.
Ph.D.
Jensen, Stephen C. „The Role of Interstitials and Surface Defects on Oxidation and Reduction Reactions on Titania“. Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10768.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChemistry and Chemical Biology
Bücher zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Tilley, R. J. D. Defect crystal chemistry and its applications. Glasgow: Blackie, 1987.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenKosuge, Kōji. Chemistry of non-stoichiometric compounds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenN, Schock Robert, Hrsg. Point defects in minerals. Washington, D.C: American Geophysical Union, 1985.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGutoff, Edgar B. Coating and Drying Defects. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenNowotny, J. Non-Stoichiometric Compounds: Surfaces, Grain Boundaries and Structural Defects. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenD, Cohen Edward, und Kheboian Gerald I, Hrsg. Coating and drying defects: Troubleshooting operating problems. 2. Aufl. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenGutoff, Edgar B. Coating and drying defects: Troubleshooting operating problems. New York: Wiley, 1995.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenFrank-Kamenetskaya, O. V. Atomic defects and crystal structure of minerals. Herausgegeben von Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V. (Ira V.) und Frank-Kamenet︠s︡kiĭ V. A. 2. Aufl. Saint Petersburg: Yanus, 2004.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenSohar, Christian Rudolf. Lifetime Controlling Defects in Tool Steels. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenMcCluskey, Matthew D. Dopants and defects in semiconductors. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Ubic, Rick. „Point Defects“. In Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 347–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49752-0_16.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleUbic, Rick. „Line Defects“. In Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 373–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49752-0_17.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoore, Elaine A., und Lesley E. Smart. „Defects and Nonstoichiometry“. In Solid State Chemistry, 187–224. Fifth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2021]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429027284-5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSmart, Lesley, und Elaine Moore. „Defects and non-stoichiometry“. In Solid State Chemistry, 159–218. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6830-2_5.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCerofolini, Gianfranco, und Laura Meda. „Equilibrium Defects“. In Physical Chemistry of, in and on Silicon, 15–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73504-2_3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZhu, Xuefeng, und Weishen Yang. „Defects and Diffusion“. In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 11–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53534-9_2.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCarter, C. Barry, und M. Grant Norton. „Characterizing Structure, Defects, and Chemistry“. In Ceramic Materials, 159–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3523-5_10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKröger, F. A. „Point Defects in Solids: Physics, Chemistry, and Thermodynamics“. In Point Defects in Minerals, 1–17. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm031p0001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKleman, M. „Defects in Quasicrystals“. In Physics and Chemistry of Finite Systems: From Clusters to Crystals, 199–210. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2645-0_23.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChadwick, A. V., und J. Corish. „Defects and Matter Transport in Solid Materials“. In New Trends in Materials Chemistry, 285–318. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5570-0_10.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Sharia, Onise, Maija M. Kuklja, Mark Elert, Michael D. Furnish, William W. Anderson, William G. Proud und William T. Butler. „EFFECT OF DEFECTS ON INITIATION OF CHEMISTRY IN HMX“. In SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER 2009: Proceedings of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3295142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDean, B. E., C. J. Johnson, S. C. McDevitt, G. T. Neugebauer, J. L. Sepich, R. C. Dobbyn, M. Kuriyama, J. Elllsworth, H. R. Vydyanath und J. J. Kennedy. „Correlation of HgCdTe epilayer defects with underlying substrate defects by synchrotron x-ray topography“. In Physics and chemistry of mercury cadmium telluride and novel IR detector materials. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.41061.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, Chenwei, Yue Li, Guoqiang Song, Zhaoqing Huo, Jia Liu und Yuling Liu. „Role of Slurry Chemistry for Defects Reduction During Barrier CMP“. In 2020 China Semiconductor Technology International Conference (CSTIC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cstic49141.2020.9282561.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWright, John C. „Site selective laser spectroscopy of defects in solids“. In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1989.mgg3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStashans, Arvids, Jean-Louis Calais und Eugene Kotomin. „Quantum-chemical simulations of point defects in α-Al2O3“. In The first European conference on computational chemistry (E.C.C.C.1). AIP, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.47655.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWang, YuHuang. „Organic color center quantum defects in carbon nanotube semiconductors: progresses, challenges, and opportunities“. In Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces XXII, herausgegeben von Andrew J. Musser und Derya Baran. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2677676.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSarma, Ch Amarnatha, Bollem Vamsi Krishna, L. M. L. Narayana Reddy und P. Sree Lakshmi. „An inter-dıgıtal band-pass fılter wıth dual vıas in resonator and defects in ground sheet for S-band applıcatıons“. In CHEMISTRY BEYOND BORDERS: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY: The 1st Annual Meeting of the Physical Chemistry Division of the Indonesian Chemical Society. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0166041.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeggiolaro, Daniele. „A Theoretical Tour of Metal-Halide Perovskites Defects Chemistry: from Lead to Tin“. In MATSUS23 & Sustainable Technology Forum València (STECH23). València: FUNDACIO DE LA COMUNITAT VALENCIANA SCITO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29363/nanoge.matsus.2023.376.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKONONENKO, V. K., D. V. USHAKOV und H. W. KUNERT. „EFFECTS OF DOPING AND NONRADIATIVE DEFECTS IN GaAs SUPERLATTICES“. In Physics, Chemistry and Application of Nanostructures - Reviews and Short Notes to Nanomeeting 2003. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812796738_0010.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMoro, Stefania, Giovanni Costantini und Michael Sommer. „Quantitative characterisation of conjugated polymers: mass distribution and polymerisation defects determined by molecular scale imaging“. In Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Materials and Interfaces XXII, herausgegeben von Andrew J. Musser und Derya Baran. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2677311.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Defects Chemistry"
Ballance, Joan B., Mitsuo Kawabe, Timothy D. Sands, Eicke R. Weber und R. S. Williams. Chemistry and Defects in Semiconductor Heterostructures. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. Volume 148. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Mai 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada229585.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMaxey. L51427 ERW Weld Zone Characteristics. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juni 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011187.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSingel, David J. Electron Transfer Chemistry in Optical Materials: An EPR Investigation of Radiation-Induced Defects in Chemically Modified Materials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Januar 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada387336.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHarmer, Martin P., und Donald M. Smyth. Nanostructure and Defect Chemistry of Relaxor Ferroelectrics. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, Juli 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada207217.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnil V. Virkar. Electrically Conductive, Corrosion-Resistant Coatings Through Defect Chemistry for Metallic Interconnects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Dezember 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920189.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKerr, Lei L., David C. Look und Zhaoqiang Fang. Defect Chemistry Study of Nitrogen Doped ZnO Thin Films. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1060189.
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