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1
Birkett, Alan. „Reproductive behaviour and mating strategies of fallow deer in an enclosed deer park“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240850.
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2
Stenger, Amy M. „Economically Viable Local Business Districts: A Case Study of Deer Park, Ohio“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1289936769.
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3
Oka, Gusti Made. „Factors affecting the management of Muntjac Deer (Muntiacus muntjak) in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia /“. Richmond, N.S.W. : Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1998. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030805.131126/index.html.
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4
Zhang, Endi. „Behavioural ecology of the Chinese water deer at Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, England“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251600.
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5
Oka, Gusti Made, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University und Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. „Factors affecting the management of Muntjac Deer (Muntiacus muntjak) in Bali Barat National Park, Indonesia“. THESIS_FEMA_XXX_Oka_G.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/176.
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The principal aim of the study which was conducted between May 1995 and May 1997 was to collect and analyze information that would be considered vital to any future management actions that may be applied to the deer living in the wild in the Bali Barat National Park ecosystem in Indonesia. The systems approach used sought to analyze the complex interactions between the soil, plant, animal and human activity subsystems. In particular, interaction between Rusa deer and Muntjac deer was compared where possible, although the principal focus of the study was on the population of Muntjac deer. The soils in habitats frequented by deer in Bali Barat National Park were found to be of relatively low fertility status. Chemical analysis of the soil revealed that all of the mineral element contents considered in this study were in the lowest range for soils, in general. During this study the population of Muntjac deer in the Bali Barat National Park was submitted to phylogenetic analysis to determine whether the Bali population is distinct. Preliminary results indicate that these deer are apart of a diverse, but monophyletic group of Muntiacus Muntjac. The potential unique status of Muntjac deer in Bali Barat National Park, and the need to preserve them as part of the natural resource base that constitutes the Indonesian archipelago increased the importance of this study of the ecosystem and social system surrounding Bali Barat National Park.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
6
Asnani, Kashmira Manohar. „Regeneration of woodland vegetation after deer browsing in Sharon Woods Metro Park, Franklin County, Ohio“. The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399553425.
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7
Jankes, Taryn. „Building walls, breaking boundaries : a study of difference and inclusion at Deer Park, Cape Town“. Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13335.
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Includes bibliographical references.‘Building Walls: Breaking Boundaries’ is based on the manner in which difference and diversity meet in the city and how architecture and the built environment can be used as a tool to either facilitate interaction or hinder it. Cape Town is a vibrant multicultural city, endowed with a monumental natural landscape that defines its edges. Despite this, the visual language of the city is one of spatial separation; a result of the enduring legacy of Cape Town’s colonial past and modernist city planning, and further perpetuated by the segregationist programme of the Apartheid regime. Cape Town is a place where a variety of natural features and diverse landscapes and persons are concentrated, but each remains isolated and segregated, resulting in the potential of this diversity being lost. My interest lies in the exclusion of both people and animals from the city. Through contradiction and confrontation, this dissertation investigates what happens when these previously excluded groups are reintroduced back into what society deems normal or acceptable. It explores what changes occur when our neatly compartmentalised lives are injected with the unfamiliar, where the boundaries we define are traversed, and where the walls we built to keep ourselves separate are broken down. In this dissertation report, I will explain how people with mental illness and nature are included through an architectural intervention that reconciles the contrasting programs of a halfway house, a sanctuary for neglected city animals and a gateway building as a public interface for Table Mountain. While I have chosen a specific site and designed a building particular to that site, several other comparable sites have been identified within the city where this concept is relevant and can be applied within site specific opportunities and constraints. However the focus of this dissertation is not an urban scaled intervention but an architectural solution to a site which allows the fullest exploration of the conceptual framework underlying this project.
8
Rhoads, Craig L. „Spatial ecology and responses to a controlled hunt of female white-tailed deer in an exurban park“. Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 93 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdlink?did=1251902781&Fmt=7&clientId=79356&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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9
Moriarty, Andrew J. „Ecology and environmental impact of Javan rusa deer (Cervus timorensis russa) in the Royal National Park“. View thesis, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/41096.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2004.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
10
Driscoll, Nicholaus D. „Geologic Map of the Deer Point Quadrangle, Garfield County, Utah“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3276.
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A new geologic map of the Deer Point 7.5' quadrangle located in the southern region of Capitol Reef National Park in south-central Utah provides stratigraphic and structural detail not previously available. The Deer Point quadrangle was mapped at a scale of 1:24,000 and is the fourth geologic map completed at this scale in Capitol Reef National Park. Twelve Quaternary units and eighteen bedrock formations and members are exposed in the Deer Point quadrangle. Bedrock formations range in age from Triassic to Cretaceous. The details not available on previous geologic maps include: four alluvial terrace units, two lacustrine units, two mass movement units, and members of the Moenkopi, Chinle, and Carmel Formations. Historically the Page Sandstone has been mapped as part of the Navajo Sandstone or the Carmel Formation. This map identifies the Page Sandstone as a separate and independent unit. The Deer Point quadrangle is cross cut by a portion of a Laramide-age, basement cored, NNW-SSE trending asymmetrical anticline called the Waterpocket Fold. Strikes and dips measured throughout the Deer Point quadrangle identify the vergence of the anticline as eastward with a maximum dip of 49˚ on the forelimb and 7˚ on the backlimb. The maximum dip on the forelimb dramatically decreases in the southern quarter of the quadrangle to 15˚.The Utah Geological Survey is mapping the Hite Crossing 30' x 60' quadrangle at a scale of 1:62.500. The Deer Point quadrangle is one of 32 quadrangles that comprise the Hite Crossing quadrangle. The Utah Geological Survey is working to establish erosion rates on the Colorado Plateau. To do this, they are dating alluvial terrace deposits. Within the Deer Point quadrangle four new terrace levels have been identified that could help with this research. Additional research could use these terrace deposits to better understand erosion rates in the Deer Point quadrangle and the broader Colorado Plateau. Numerous mass movement deposits are found within the Deer Point quadrangle. The largest has been named the Red Slide. Several aspects of the Red Slide are identified including classification, breakaway zone, source, deposit size, composition, debris flow path and depositional history. The Red Slide has been classified as a debris flow. The breakaway zone is a concave cliff 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the west of the debris flow's present location. The flow's scarp is no longer identifiable. The source of the debris flow material is the Chinle Formation and Wingate Sandstone. The Red Slide deposit covers an area of over 16.6 million ft2 (~1.5 million m2). The toe of the debris flow is 1 mile (1.6 km) wide. The estimated maximum thickness of the debris flow is sixty meters. The Red Slide is composed of fine-grained, clay- and silt- sized material, and a small amount of angular pebble- to cobble-sized limestone clasts from the Owl Rock Member of the Chinle Formation. Boulder- to sand-sized grains from the Wingate Sandstone are scattered throughout the deposit with the larger grains forming inversely grading packages. The Red Slide likely occurred as a series of large debris flows, not one catastrophic event, although they may have occurred at about the same time.
11
Ferguson, Earl W. „The multi-site church and disciplemaking“. Chicago, Ill : McCormick Theological Seminary, 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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12
Achermann, Gérald. „The influence of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) upon a subalpine grassland ecosystem in the Swiss National Park /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=13479.
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13
Tyson, Martin John. „The ecology of muntjak deer (Muntiacus muntjak) in Baluran National Park, Java and their interactions with other mammal species“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436650.
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14
Raymond, Noel. „The ecology and performance of Japanese Sika Deer (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838) and their impact on vegetation in Killarney National Park“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491839.
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This study was designed to investigate the ecology and performance of a population of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) and to determine the possible impacts of different levels of deer density and culling on vegetation in Killarney National Park, Ireland. The Park is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under European law and contains a number of important habitats and species of conservation merit. Compared with most other study sites in Western Europe, the area is unusual in having mild winters with mean temperatures of approximately 7°C as well as a high year-round rainfall.
15
Habarta, Jaroslav. „Obnova zámku v Ivanovicích na Hané“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443683.
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This diploma thesis deals with the proposal of restoration and revitalization of a listed renaissance chateau with its adjacent park in the center of Ivanovice na Hane. When conducting the architectural study, it was necessary to analyze and take into account the cultural and historical values of the chateau and its immediate surroundings, constructional and technical condition, public services in the area, and the requirements of the owner of the building and lands. The proposed concept comprehensively integrates the needs and specifications of the pharmaceutical company Bioveta with high-quality public spaces as well as relaxation areas for residents.
16
Prendergast, Neil Douglas. „Life in the Land: The Story of the Kaibab Deer“. Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1122651902.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of History, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ii, 89 p. : maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-89).
17
Jhala, Yadvendradev V. „Habitat and population dynamics of wolves and blackbuck in Velavadar National Park, Gujarat“. Diss., This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-134147/.
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18
Richardson, Amanda. „The forest, park and palace of Clarendon, c.1200-c.1650 : reconstructing an actual, conceptual and documented Wiltshire landscape“. Thesis, University of Winchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274441.
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The main argument of this thesis is that the landscape and locality of Clarendon Forest and Park were strongly influenced by the presence (or, later, absence) of Clarendon Palace, which fell into decay in the late fifteenth century. This contention is addressed by taking the landscape as the unit for study, rather than focusing on the palace and extrapolating 'outwards'. A primary aim is to restore the wider conceptual landscape by considering the forest alongside the relict landscape of the park, and it is argued throughout that, because medieval forests are archaeologically elusive, the best way to achieve this is through an intensive documentary methodology. Attention is drawn throughout to the capacity of documents to illustrate how estates were managed over time. This is demonstrated particularly in Chapters Two and Three, the main findings of which (including observations of a major change in attitude and landscape use in the early- to mid- fourteenth century) are drawn together in the conclusions of those chapters. The thesis, representing an unprecedented systematic study of manuscript sources for Clarendon Park and Forest held at central and regional record offices, is supported by references to printed primary sources. It has resulted in the compilation of a main computer database listing over 800 relevant documents held at the Public Record Office alone (Appendix 11), from which those that might prove most useful were selected and transcribed. The transcriptions, arranged by subject, form several substantial and searchable electronic databases facilitating cross-checking and comparison, some of which are reproduced here as Appendices. The written sources themselves have informed the structure of the thesis. Their worth in a study such as this is explored in Chapter One, following a brief background history of Clarendon and an elucidation of the study's academic and historiographical context. Chapter Two then addresses ecology and economy, while the park's 'built environment' is considered in Chapter Three in order to provide new insights. Settlement is explored in Chapter Four, which reveals Clarendon Forest to have been a landscape of control in which assarting, in particular, was restricted. Chapter Five expands on this point by addressing 'closure' and conflict in the landscape. It examines also Clarendon's 'social topology', partly by employing gender as a tool to elucidate the nature of social closure, and ends by considering the palace as a scene of social negotiation. The Conclusion, Chapter Six, expands on the management of the forest and park and the phasing of the latter's use based largely on materials in Chapters Two and Three. It concludes that the hypothesis is supported; this unique landscape and locality was indeed profoundly influenced by the existence of a royal park and palace at its centre. Nevertheless, what has emerged strongly in the course of the study are the myriad ways in which the forest, in turn, shaped the lifecycle' of the palace.
19
Yao, Yung-Ti, und 姚永笛. „Research on the Dilemma and Key Success Factors of Traditional Deer Park’s Transformation to Leisure Deer Park“. Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nts2h3.
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碩士育達科技大學
休閒事業管理系碩士班
106
After Taiwan joined WTO in 2002, facing with the wave of global trade liberalization, agriculture and husbandry industry, which has been protected by the government for a long time is the first one facing the challenge. Thus, through progressively liberalized action can slow down the impact of farmers. On the other hand, Taiwan has begun to implement the two-day-off per week policy since 2001, people are paying more attention to the leisure activities during the free days. The traditional tourist spots and amusement parks cannot satisfy people’s needs perfectly any longer. Therefore, more leisure agriculture activities were born. Under implementing the policy of government’s leisure agriculture districts, the leisure agriculture and husbandry industry also became the transition trend. Deer park is one of the most characteristic industries in Taiwan's traditional agriculture and husbandry. However, the price of deer antler in New Zealand is only 1 of 10th of Taiwan’s. After signing ANZTEC with New Zealand under the framework of WTO in 2013, the government protects the deer industry in Taiwan by reducing the tariff to zero gradually in 12 years. Yet, the lower price of New Zealand deer antler will still cause the deer velvet price collapse in Taiwan. It will be too late to find a strategy if we wait until then. That is why the transition to leisure type is one of the important options in the transformation of traditional deer park planning. In the view of this, Understanding the current developing situation and dilemma of deer breeding industry in Taiwan and exploring the successful transformation of the leisure deer park are the key success factors. This is the purpose of this research. This research is based on “Industry-leading companies Analysis Method” selected successful transformation leisure deer parks combined with the “Case Study”and Analytical in the “Qualitative Research”. The survey method uses the“Industry-leading companies Analysis Method”,The Industry/Enterprise Expert law to selects the key success factors to Design the Interview Outline, and adopt the Observation Method to conduct semi-structured interviews on the selected objects in the study area. Case studies in the research area, The results obtained through analysis comparison and Experts select key success factors for comparison and verification. The result of this study shows that: first of all, leisure agriculture parks come with the two-day-off per week policy followed by joining WTO. In comparison, most of the older generation of the traditional deer parks’ operators thought that they wouldn’t earn much money if they transformed the deer parks to the leisure agriculture parks because deer antler is a high unit price agriculture product. Most young generation or the parent-child activity groups are only willing to ”spend 100 to 200 NT dollars feeding the deers and leave the deer parks after using the restrooms”. Hence, they don’t think they can make money if the deer parks were transformed into leisure type. This is also the reason why there are few leisure deer parks in Taiwan. Secondly, after research and verification by the researcher, it concludes that the key success factors of leisure deer parks are based on the fine resources of natural and social environment. As time, space, environment and “customer demand” changed to adjust ”Business Management” and transition strategies, matching the corresponding services, processes, and other “software design” to meet customers’ expectations, so that brand marketing can be adopted by people’s heart deeply. Besides these key success factors, this study found that the business operators’ “personal experience and personality traits” will affect the willingness to change, and “obtained domesticated Formosan sika deer technology” are also the key success factors. Overall, through the analysis of the conclusions and recommendations, the results may provide the important reference to the domestic and foreign traditional deer park industry transformation Leisure Deer Park or public sector to promote Sika deer sightseeing, while management in decision-making.
20
Wilson, Andrew S. „The condition of the Deer Park Farms hair and its potential for stable isotope investigation“. 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4562.
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21
Killmaster, Charles Henry. „Movements and ecology of a high-density deer herd on a Georgia state park“. 2005. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/killmaster%5Fcharles%5Fh%5F200512%5Fms.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Georgia, 2005.Directed by Robert J. Warren and Karl V. Miller. Includes articles submitted to Natural areas journal and Wildlife Soceity bulletin. Includes bibliographical references.
22
Jen, Chen Tse, und 陳則仁. „Food Quality of the Formosan Sika Deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in the Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12291413759262795830.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
91
Although the free-ranging population of the re-introduced Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in the Kenting National Park (KNP) is slowly growing, understanding of their nutritional in-take, such as food quality and its seasonal variations, is still lacking. Furthermore, the extensive overlap of food items among sika deer, cattle and goat may create competition when food is in short supply. Present study evaluated the food quality of the sika deer in KNP based on the fecal and food item’s nitrogen content. Five study areas for sika deer were selected to cover KNP’s natural forest and pasture, and captive condition in the National Pingtung University of Science and Technology. Cattle and goat’s feces were also collected within the Shedin area where the sika deer presently distributes. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between the nitrogen content of pasture and sika deer’s feces (fecal nitrogen content = 0.59 pasture’s nitrogen content＋0.7258) in KNP. Free-ranging deer had food with higher protein content than others and the protein content maintained in the optimum level of 14％ throughout the year. The frequency of appearance of the deer in natural broad-leaved forest increases between August and November which might be a result of deer moving from secondary forest to search for food with higher quality. In the pasture environments, protein quality of pasture would vary with the growing period of Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens), and was lower than 7％, the minimum requirements for maintenance, in May and October. The quality of the pasture can be improved by growing legume or increasing fertilization. Food quality of free-ranging deer maintain in an optimum and stable status. Food quality of cattle and goat also stable year round and that the habitat use were separated among these three herbivores at present. Although apparent food competition among the three herbivores was not existing, long-term monitoring of the growth of the free-ranging sika deer population and their nutritional intake is still needed for a better management of the deer population.
23
Lu, Hsiu-Fang, und 盧秀芳. „A field Survey of rubbing by Formosan Sika Deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80675375029963170896.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
98
Because of population extinction of wild formosan Sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in 1969, Kenting National Park launched a Sika deer restoration program in 1983. In the year from 1994 to 1997, Sika deer was released to the field. Currently, homerange of the deer flock gradually encompass the She-Ting area. As the rubbing behavior of male Sika deer can cause tree damage, in order to understand the extent rubbing situations and whether the rubbing behavior causes any obvious effects on the local trees after the deer releasing to the field, a field exploration was conducted from March 2009 to January 2010. The results showed that along the surveyed transect field line, the Third District Forest Recreation Area had sixty-nine trees being rubbed and was the most severe zone. By contrast, three, one and none trees were rubbed at the Great Circle Mountain Ranch, the Yacht Rock and the five Pasture Areas of Tsai Po, respectively. Overall, a total of 518 trees (in 71 species, 35 family) were rubbed. Among them, 41 trees (in 18 species), i.e.7.9%, were repeatedly rubbed. The first ten tree species being rubbed most, in ranking order from the highest were Leucaena glauca, Aglaia formosana, Casuarina equisetifolia, Macaranga tanarius, Bridelia tomentosa Blume, Allophyllus timorensis, Bambusa dolichoclada Hayata, Melanolepis multiglandulosa, Champereia manillana and Acacia confus, respectively. In terms of tree sizes, smaller trees were rubbed more than larger trees, a percentage of 56.9% versus 42.8%, an indication that Sika deer preferred smaller trees for rubbing. Observations also showed that 38 trees (in 17 species) were rubbed to death. The death proportion was 7.3 % for which 76.3% were smaller trees. However, the dead trees were only 0.4% of the total trees surveyed, showing that the rubbing behavior caused no significant damage to the local trees. On the other hand, the density of the trees being rubbed increased (40：20 trees per km), suggesting that the population of Sika deer enlarged; a sign of successful restoration in the wild.
24
Chen, Shun-Chi, und 陳順其. „The activity pattern and habitat use of Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) at Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73763220355553081025.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
生物研究所
90
From July 1994 to August 2000 field work had been conducted to study the behavior and habitat use of the Formosan sika deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in Kenting National Park. The result showed that deer had higher daytime activity than that of nighttime. Movement was higher in dry season; while rest was higher in the wet season. Female had higher activity in movement; and male had higher activity in rumination. The average daily activity was 57.2% among radio-tracked deer with 4 to 6 active peaks each day. There was no difference between sexes in activity. Weather and tourist also affected deer activity. Deer had lower activity in cloudy days with strong wind (52.3%±24.7%) than those in sunny days (74.7%±18.1%). Similar trend was found between rainy days (45.7%±23.2%) and sunny days (62.9%±24.7%). Deer had higher activity in weekdays than those in weekends and other holidays (57.1% vs. 43.6%). The average annual home range was 159.8 ha and daily range was 12.24±8.59 ha. The average dry season range was 101.3ha, and wet season range was 51.7ha. In terms of food habits, 157 species mainly woody and herbaceous plants from 51 families were recorded. Among those species, 8 were preferred and 86 were commonly used by the deer. Two hundred twenty four species were recorded to be used by 3 herbivores in the study area. Among those species, 204 were used by goat, 157 by deer, 68 by water buffalo, and 52 by all 3 herbivores. The similarities between any 2 different herbivores and among 3 herbivores were 76.3% between deer and goat, 49.3% between deer and buffalo, 46.7% between goat and buffalo, and 36.4% among all 3 species. Deer had a higher food overlap with the other 2 species. The effect of deer activity on plant succession was insignificant from the observation on the plant composition in the sample plots. However, the decrease of undercover in the forest floor was related to the food habit of the deer. Four hundred thirty plants from 27 families and 55 species were rubbed by the deer. Among those plants 63.6% had repeated damages and some species was preferred (X2 test, p< 0.005). Thirty plants from 14 species had fatal damage which composed of 0.2% of all trees surveyed in transect lines. There was significant difference between number of rubbed tree and food quantity in the sampling plots (ANOVA, p< 0.05). The occurrence of tree rubbing was coincided with rutting season. The bark stripping was found only in Sec. 4 in the enclosed area. Those 1010 plants from 10 families and 15 species were bark stripped in comparison with over 100 untouched species indicated that deer selected certain species to rub. The activity was recorded every month with the peak activity in the late dry and early wet season. Four hundred and twenty seven plants from 9 species had fatal injury. The mortality of stripped trees was 42.3%. The occurrence of bark stripping in Sec. 4 was probably due to high deer density (> 2.1 deer/ha) of the area than those of other areas (< 1.8 deer/ha) and poor habitat quality.
25
Lee, Li-Hua, und 李麗華. „Explore Local Residents’ Attitude toward Restoration of Formosan Sika Deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96735594453916606078.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
98
Formosan Sika Deer was extinct in the wild and therefore, Kenting National Park administration started the restoration project since 1984. They started to restore the Sika Deer population first and then released deer gradually from 1994 to 1997. Until now, deer population has expanded from Sheding and surrounding area. Since the deer’s proximity is close to human’s community, deer’s behaviors such as feeding, trampling plants, and rubbing trees might damage crops. The purpose of research is to explore local residents’ attitude toward restoration of Formosan Sika Deer between now and past. First, during May to July, 2009, we conducted pre-test on questionnaire, modified the contents, and discussed with experts to finalized questionnaire. Then, during August, 2009 to January, 2010, we surveyed through questionnaire to residents near deer living area in both non-random convenient and snowball sampling approaches. 155 effective samples were collected and, among those, 55 % were farmers. There were nine species of animals which were damaging to crops and, among them, wild boars, Formosan Sika Deer, and squirrels were considered as most harmful. In terms of deer’s crop-damaging behaviors, 53.4% responses considered feeding was on top of the list. However, among them, only 15% residents strongly ask subsidy for building a fence. Compare to previous researches, our survey results indicated that the deer damaging on crops was increasing. Furthermore, using (Likert) way to answer the five-point scale, when comparing deer-damaging survey results from farmers to non-farmers, we found that the former considered deer is more harmful. Other results included: most of residents held positive attitude toward and agreed with deer restoration (112 persons, 72.3%); most residents consider that restoration benefited locally (93 persons, 60%); and more residents were against public hunting (2.83 points). In addition, more focused area residents agreed more with that restoration is good for tourism than remoted residents (3.81 points : 3.24 points). Top 3 resident responses to deer-damaging on crops were: expel (37 persons, 23.9%), powerless (31 persons, 20%) and neglect due to minimal consumption (22 persons, 14.2%). Only 9 residents (5.8%) of our samples would actively applied for subsidies. Among surveyed residents, 84 had dogs (54.2%) and 77 of them (49.7%) raised dogs as watchdogs. When dogs were found to attack deer, 98 of surveyed (63.2%) agree to intervene. Furthermore, to prevent deer to be killed by wild dogs, 97 surveyed residents (62.6%) strongly agreed that wild dog population should be limited. However, 38 of them (24.5%) disagree.
26
Lee, Mei-Hsia, und 李梅霞. „Analysis Ecological Factor of Bedding Sites Selection by Formosan Sika Deer(Cervus nippon taiouanus)in Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85693406844096554876.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
98
Because of population extinction of wild formosan Sike deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) in 1969, Kenting National Park launched a Sika deer restoration program in 1984. In the year from 1994 to 1997, Sike deer was released to the field. Currently, homerange of the deer has expanded to 4000 hectares. So, we put eyes on the sphere of activities about Formosan Sika deer and investigate into line transect survey. Therefore, we carried out the research in dry and wet seasons, finding 47 sites in five months of dry seasons and 44 sites in six months of wet seasons. The rain scouring may be the reason causing less number in wet seasons. For terrain, Sika deer prefer to choose crest line as their bedding sites, where provide broad eyesight and escape natural enemy easily. For gradient, the resting places in flat-place occupied higher rate, where is more comfortable for Sika deer. Furthermore, the condition of surface for Sika deer, the bedding sites of lawn and bare earth accounted for 50% respectively have higher rate. For the density of boscage, the sparse places has higher rate. Moreover, the vegetation for sida deer, preferring to choose deciduous forest not grasslands. In addition, they prefer to secret places where covered thicket as their shelter. Besides Sika deer prefer to high wind speed place. All of above show that Sika deer have about their bedding sites which has relationship with escaping natural enemies and the temperature control.
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Land, Kevin. „Habitat use of white-tailed deer in relation to natural and anthropogenic landscape variables in the Clear Lake area of Riding Mountain National Park, Manitoba, Canada“. 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31611.
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The habitat use of thirteen female and four male GPS collared white-tailed deer, captured in the Clear Lake area of Riding Mountain National Park between 2012 and 2014, was examined. Range sizes were smallest during the summer and largest during the breeding season for both sexes, with an additional peak in female range size occurring in April. Female deer displayed a greater association with areas of human use and infrastructure than males, with the highest use of these areas by females occurring during the late winter and early spring. This increased use of developed areas by deer during the winter and early spring is thought to relate to factors including food resource availability, snow depth, predator avoidance, and thermal cover.October 2016
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BOHÁČKOVÁ, Lenka. „Vliv plísní a jejich metabolitů na zdravotní stav zvěře“. Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376256.
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The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the examined samples of liver tissue to find out the amount of aflatoxin in deer game. A total of 221 samples were examined for analysis purposes using the RIA method. Samples were obtained from dead and captured heads of deer game coming from private game reserves and game reserves belonging to the Forests of the Czech Republic. Samples of deer game were divided into groups according to their types, sex, and age. Sex was determined visually, and age via the development and grinding of the teeth. The highest concentration of B1 aflatoxin in liver was measured in a 6 year-old dead female (7,39 g.kg-1). According to the statistical evaluation (P <0,05), a significant difference was proven between dead and captured heads, between males and females, and even between age groups. There is a higher aflatoxin B1 concentration in dead heads´ liver, approximately in 2,12 g.kg-1 higher than in captured heads. Females´ liver proved to contain a higher concentration of B1 aflatoxin, approximately in 0,63 g.kg-1 higher than in males. Age groups have proven that the older the animals, the higher the B1 aflatoxin concentration in their liver.
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He, Wun-Ling, und 何紋靈. „The Activity of Sambar Deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoei) and Its Damege to Trees in the Eastern of Yushan National Park“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86519761990334180393.
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碩士國立東華大學
自然資源與環境學系
99
In addition to the effects of deer browsing and tramping on vegetation, the rutting behavior of adult male deer may also cause damage to trees. This study examines the relationship between temporal variation of the activity of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor swinhoei) and bark stripping and rubbing in the eastern area of Yushan National Park. I chose three muddy pools with signs and tracks of deers as focal observation sites. I set automatic cameras by the pools to record activity and behavior of deer, and the antler stage of male. I established transects around the pools to record stripping and rubbing sings on trees. Another 18 automatic cameras were set along hiking trails to access the relative abundance of the deer in the area. The study began in May, 2009 and extended into April, 2010. The results showed that males with antler were recorded from May, 2009 to March, 2010. Around muddy pools, the occurrence rates of male were higher than female. The marking behaviors of male were recorded from June, 2009 to the following February, and bisexual pairs were recorded during September, 2009 and January, 2010. Numbers of trees with bark stripping and mud rubbing signs along the transects were significantly correlated with the frequencies of male marking behavior recorded by automatic cameras. Only five percent of the stripped or rubbed trees were ringbarked. Although the damage to trees by deer acitivity is not serious at present, repeated debarking may lead to tree mortality. Persistent monitoring on the activity of deer and survival of trees is suggrested.
30
Wu, Chia-Hsiung, und 吳嘉雄. „Estimating Formosan Sika Deer (Cervus nippon taiouanus) abundance by dung pellet group counts and dung decay rates in Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59223471227471268227.
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碩士國立臺北教育大學
自然科學教育學系碩士班
98
This research mainly focuses the speed of fecal pellet decomposition of Formosan Sika deer. In my research, the population sizes of the deer in restoration areas were estimated with dropping counts and clearance method. According to my investigation into the speed of fecal pellet decomposition in specific restoration area, I found 223 fresh excrements on two transection lines in restoration 1 and another line in restoration 4. The fecal pellet decomposition period in wet season was 45 days (n=56), and that in dry season was 98 days (n=167). The average was 85 days (n=223). Hence there were 11sika deer in restoration area one and 8 in restoration area four by my estimate of using dropping counts. Besides, from April 2009 to March 2010, there were about 96 piles of fecal pellet per hectare every month in wet seasons and 254 in dry seasons in restoration area one when clearance method was used to keep track of excrements every month. However, there were 38.7 piles/ha per month in wet seasons and 173.3 piles/ha in dry seasons. It is clear that the speeds of fecal pellet decomposition were different in wet and dry seasons. Therefore, I attributed the difference of speeds to the rainfall. I estimated that there were about 17 sika deer in restoration area one and 9 in restoration area four in dry seasons by using clearance method. However, there were 20-30 deer in restoration area one and 15-24 in restoration 4 when automatic cameras were used as an auxiliary tool for estimates. The population sizes from dropping counts and clearance method were smaller than those from the use of automatic cameras. This result may be attributed to deer’s oestrus in dry seasons because the bucks sika deer’s territorial behavior may lower their uniform distribution. In addition, the population size may be underestimated since I might have missed some fecal pellets when I used dropping counts method.
31
Chen, Pao-Chung, und 陳寶忠. „A Qualitative Evaluation of Wildlife Reintroduction Program--Case study of the Formosan Sika Deer(Cervus nippon) to Kenting National Park, Taiwan“. Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25418656408270678467.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
森林學研究所
89
With a cost of 180 million NT dollars and within 16 years, the reintroduction program of Formosan sika deer has approximately bred out a herd of 100 wild sika deer since 1984. Controversies brought out of the program have made the supportive funds been cut down ever since the enthusiastic approach in the first two years. This research is completed through open-ended semi-structured interviews with the program associates and relevant experts. Via a qualitative analysis and the understanding of the information, the sequent analysis is focusing on the program’s decision-making, execution, consequences and the process as well. It is found that the abortion of the program is due to the lack of public identification, inappropriate resource- allocation, failure to cooperate scientific and economical thinking and the unawareness of the urgent need of in community-based conservation and education. On the other hand, the program nevertheless nourished the development of conservation activities, drew the attention of talented people, and also made a great approach on extending the ideas on the program both nationally and internationally. Comprehensive analysis on the reintroduction program and the emphasis on the future development of conservation in Taiwan are the core issues for this project.
32
Bennett, Ami. „The impacts of sambar (Cervus unicolor) in the Yarra Ranges National Park“. 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6804.
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Internationally, the impacts of deer have been widely studied, but little work has been conducted in Australia. Sambar (Cervus unicolor Kerr) were introduced to Victoria in the 1860s from Sri Lanka, and have become established throughout eastern Victoria. This study is located in the Yarra Ranges National Park, 100 km north east of Melbourne. The park primarily consists of three protected water catchments that contribute approximately 50% to Melbourne’s water supply. This study was conducted from 2005 to 2008 in the Upper Yarra and O’Shannassy catchments. Large open areas covered by forbs and grasses periodically form adjacent to the water body of the Upper Yarra reservoir. Sambar are frequently observed at the largest of these areas known as The Flats. The impacts of sambar at this locality and in other areas of the catchments were investigated.Faecal pellet transect surveys determined that sambar occupancy and density was greatest on open flats, lower on forest edges adjacent to open flats (< 250 m), and significantly less in other forested areas of the catchment. Observations of The Flats revealed that hinds were the main demographic class represented, with a mean group size of 39 individuals, and up to 70. This is the largest aggregation of sambar ever reported anywhere in the world, and equates to an approximate density of 200 km-2 at this site.
Selective exclosures effectively differentiated the offtake of forage by sambar from that of native herbivores. Sambar contributed to the majority of offtake at The Flats, and were able to obtain a substantial proportion of their daily food requirements from this source. A culling program began in the Yarra Ranges National Park in May 2008, to reduce the large numbers of deer in the park. The cull reduced the time spent by sambar on The Flats, as determined by faecal pellet accumulation plots, and significantly reduced faecal pellet load and forage offtake.
Sambar significantly decreased relative foliage cover of shiny nematolepis (Nematolepis wilsonii), a threatened understorey tree, through their antler rubbing activities. Thrashing of shiny nematolepis saplings also significantly decreased relative foliage cover, with sambar selecting saplings with a larger stem diameter from those available. Rubbed trees and thrashed saplings experienced damage to, on average, over half the stem circumference.
Selective exclosures allowed differentiation of sambar and native herbivore browsing on forest understoreys. Browsing by sambar in high densities prevented the vertical growth of plants in the understorey, with branches above 60 cm in height most commonly browsed. Plants in the understorey were more frequently and intensely browsed in areas of high sambar density. Three species were browsed to a significantly greater extent by sambar than native herbivores: hazel pomaderris (Pomaderris aspera), prickly tea-tree (Leptospermum continentale) and prickly bush-pea, (Pultenaea juniperina). Sambar significantly reduced plant biomass in forest understoreys where they occur in high densities.
The presence of large, open herb-rich areas drives the high local densities and associated impacts of sambar within the Yarra Ranges National Park. Future areas of research are identified and management recommendations are outlined. A sustained culling program appears to be the only practical option to reduce sambar density and impacts at this locality.
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Haddouch, Imane. „Spring variation of total sugars and phenols on woody plants important for Red and Roe deer in Montesinho Natural Park (NE Portugal)“. Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/14774.
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Red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are two ungulate
species cohabite the same area in the Natural Park of Montesinho, this work aims to manage
the study spring diet of both deer with exploring the importance of secondary metabolites on
feeding selection by analysis phytochemical of three Mediterranean species Quercus
rotundifolia, Pterospartum tridentatum, Cistus ladanifer. The collection of data was achieve
during flowering period, from fives sites in the park.
Phytochemical analysis based on extraction of total sugar by methanol-aqueous (80,20)
reagent using DNS method, and the extraction of total Phenolic compounds TPC by hot
methanol and folin-ciocalteu reagent and using spectrophotometer to read the absorbance of
each sample. The quantification of sugar was use as a calibration curve the “glucose”, and for
phenol we have used “acid Gallic”.
The statistical analysis (Anova test, Tukey HSD) of all results obtained from the both
extraction showed significative differences between plant species and between months and
were used to compare between the choice of deer species on feeding during flowering period
(March, April, June).Quercus rotundifolia showed highest phenol and sugar contents and
seems to be avoided to consumption by deer. In contrast Pterospartum tridentatum showed an
increase of sugar concentration and maintain phenolic contentsthat could explain the
consumption during this period.O veado (Cervus elaphus) e o Corço (Capreolus capreolus) são duas espécies unguladas que coabitam a mesma área no parque natural de Montesinho, este trabalho tem como objetivo gerenciar a dieta de primavera do estudo de ambos os veados com a análise da importância dos metabolitos secundários na seleção de alimentação Por análise fitoquímica de três espécies mediterrâneas "Quercus rotundifolia", "Pterospartum tridentatum", "Cistus ladanifer". A coleta de dados foi alcançada durante o período de floração, a partir de cinco locais no parque. Análise fitoquímica baseada na extração de açúcar total por reagente metanol-aquoso (80,20) usando o método DNS e extração de compostos fenólicos TPC por metanol quente e reagente folin-ciocalteu e utilizando espectrofotômetro para ler a absorvância de cada amostra. A quantificação de açúcar foi utilizada como curva de calibração, a "glicose", e para fenol utilizamos "ácido galo". A análise estatística (teste Anova, Tukey HSD) de todos os resultados obtidos a partir das duas extrações mostrou diferenças significativas entre as espécies vegetais e entre meses e foram utilizadas para comparar a escolha dos cervídeos na alimentação, durante o período de floração (março, abril, junho). Quercus rotundifolia apresentou maior teor de fenol e açúcar e parece ser evitado para o consumo por veado. Em contraste, Pterospartum tridentatum mostrou um aumento da concentração de açúcar e manteve conteúdo fenólico, o que poderia explicar o consumo durante este período.
Le cerf-élaphe(Cervus elaphus) et le chevreuil (Capreolus capreolus) sont deux espèces d'ongulés cohabitent dans la même région du parc naturel de Montesinho, ce travail vise à gérer l'étude du régime alimentaire des deux cerfs en explorant l'importance des métabolites secondaires lors de la sélection de l'alimentation Par analyse phytochimique de trois espèces méditerranéennes "Quercus rotundifolia", "Pterospartum tridentatum", "Cistus ladanifer". La collecte des données a été réalisée pendant la période de floraison, à partir des cinq sites du parc. Analyse phytochimique basée sur l'extraction du sucre total par le réacteur méthanol-aqueux (80,20) utilisant la méthode DNS et l'extraction des composés phénoliques totaux TPC par le réacteur chaud au méthanol et au folin-ciocalteu et en utilisant un spectrophotomètre pour lire l'absorbance de chaque échantillon. La quantification du sucre a été utilisée comme courbe d'étalonnage du «glucose», et pour le phénol, nous avons utilisé «acide gallique». L'analyse statistique (test Anova, Tukey HSD) de tous les résultats obtenus à partir des deux extractions a montré des différences significatives entre les espèces végétales et entre les mois et ont été utilisées pour comparer le choix des espèces de cerf sur l'alimentation pendant la période de floraison (mars, avril et juin). Quercus rotundifolia a affiché des teneurs en phénol et en sucre les plus élevées et semble être évité par la consommation chez les cerfs. En revanche, Pterospartum tridentatum a montré une augmentation de la concentration de sucre et de maintenir un contenu phénolique qui pourrait expliquer la consommation pendant cette période.
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Ju-Yun, Jeng, und 鄭筑云. „The potential impact of free-ranging dog to the Formosan Sika Deer（Cervus nippon taiouanus）in She-ding area in Kenting National Park“. Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63931785645239238196.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
野生動物保育研究所
91
There were many studies on the relationship between free-ranging dogs and deers; however, the impact differs from place to place. The present study was conducted from January 2002 to June 2003 as an effort to understand the significance of the free-ranging dogs on the sika deer population in She-ding area, Kenting National Park. The incidences of the dog-related death of the sika deer were recorded during the study period, and auto-camera and transect line survey were used to record the activity of the dog. Finally, VORTEX simulation was conducted to evaluate the possible impact of dogs’ predation on the sika deer population. A total of 37 hours was completed for survey on the 11 transect lines and only 7 dogs were recorded. For the auto-trigger cameras, 62745.1 hours were completed by the 31 cameras and 32 pictures of dogs were recorded. At the same time, a total of 39 dog-related deer deaths was recorded during the study period. Results showed that free-ranging dogs occurred in the She-ding area were mostly house dogs. They occurred in the field at the same time and area as local residents did. No feral dog was appearing in She-ding area. Moreover, based on the VORTEX simulation, the present predation level of sika deer by free-ranging house dogs will slow the population growth of the sika deer, which can be serious for a re-established small population. Therefore, a better management of the local house dog will largely eliminate their threat to the sika deer population. It was also found that the fence of protective area for the sika deer not only can not prevent the invasion by the dogs, but will also block the way of the deer when they were trying to escape from the chasing dogs. An improvement of the fence is necessary.
35
BHATTARAI, Bishnu Prasad. „Challenges of Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) conservation in the tropics: lessons learned from the Chitwan National Park of Nepal“. Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112081.
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This research deals with the challenges of the conservation of tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Chitwan National Park of Nepal and aims to be a model for tiger conservation in the tropical areas of other tiger range countries. Despite the high level of public concern and major investments during the last few decades for conservation, wild tigers continue to be under grave threat, and their preservation now requires, more than ever before, using reliable ecological knowledge for their conservation interventions. In this dissertation, I investigated various factors that affect on tiger conservation in this park: population status of prey, dietary patterns of tiger and its impact on sympatric carnivores (e.g., leopard) and increasing human-wildlife conflicts, effects of habitat structures and human disturbances on prey and predator species abundance and distribution.
36
Beauvais, Marie-Pierre. „La conservation de la biodiversité dans les aires protégées en zones périurbaines : dynamique des communautés végétales au parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno entre 1977 et 2013“. Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12581.
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Ce mémoire visait à déterminer si un petit parc périurbain, en l’occurrence le Parc national du Mont-Saint-Bruno, est parvenu à maintenir l’intégrité de sa flore au cours des trente dernières années en dépit de pressions humaines croissantes et de perturbations naturelles passées, en plus d’identifier les principaux changements floristiques survenus au cours de cette période et les facteurs responsables. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, une étude historique a été réalisée, en comparant un inventaire floristique ancien (1977) à un inventaire récent (2013). Mes résultats montrent d’abord une forte croissance de la diversité alpha indigène au cours des 35 dernières années, accompagnée d’un déclin significatif de la diversité bêta (30%). Malgré cette homogénéisation taxonomique, la diversité fonctionnelle de la flore forestière s’est accrue, la rendant probablement plus résiliente aux événements perturbateurs. D’autre part, mes analyses ont révélé la progression de traits fonctionnels souvent associés à des habitats forestiers intensément broutés, révélant une certaine influence du cerf de Virginie sur la composition et la structure de la flore forestière. Enfin, mes résultats ont montré que les herbiers botaniques se révèlent être une alternative fiable aux méthodes traditionnelles pour documenter et évaluer l’impact des grands herbivores sur la morphologie des plantes broutées. Au final, cette étude a montré que les petites aires protégées périurbaines peuvent jouer un rôle majeur dans la préservation de la diversité floristique d’habitats forestiers d’intérêt, particulièrement lorsque leur statut de protection permet d’encadrer de manière stricte les activités humaines.This study aimed to determine whether a small suburban park, namely the Mont-Saint-Bruno National Park, managed to maintain the integrity of its flora over the last thirty years despite increasing human pressures and past natural disturbances, in addition to identify the main floristic changes during this period and the drivers of observed changes. To do so, a historical study was conducted by comparing past (1977) and recent (2013) floristic surveys. First, a striking increase in alpha diversity, driven mostly by native species and associated with a significant decline (30%) in the beta diversity over the last 35 years was found. Despite this taxonomic homogenization, the functional diversity of forest flora has increased, probably increasing its resistance to disruptive events. Furthermore, analyses revealed the progression of functional traits associated with overbrowsed forest habitats, revealing some influence of white-tailed deer on the composition and structure of the forest flora. Finally, my study also showed that herbarium specimens can be used as a reliable alternative to traditional methods to document and assess the impact of large herbivores on browsed plants morphology. In conclusion, this study showed that small suburban protected areas can play a major role in the preservation of the floristic diversity of rich forest habitats, particularly when their status strictly frames human activities.