Dissertationen zum Thema „Découverte de nouvelles classes“
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Dao, Thi Mai Lan. „Découverte des nouvelles classes d'éléments cis-régulateurs par une approche gène-rapporteur à haut débit“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe initial step of gene expression is the transcription of genomic DNA of the gene into RNA. The transcription can only be initiated by the assembly of RNAPII machinery around transcription start site of a gene, known as core promoter. However, transcription also requires other gene-distal regulatory DNA regions, known as enhancers. Enhancers and promoters are traditionally distinguished by their histone modifications. Recently, there has been increasing number of studies revealing broad similarities between enhancers and promoters. Previous findings have suggested the possibility that some gene promoters display enhancer activity. However, the questions of how can we identify this type of promoter in genome-wide and whether they actually function to regulated the expression of distal genes are remained elusive.My project has carried out aiming to answer these above questions. Firstly, I have optimized the technique that has developed in the lab, named CapStarr-seq, which used as an approach to exploiting a high-throughput enhancer activity. Performing CapStarr-seq in human cell lines, I unraveled an underestimated proportion of promoter displaying enhancer activity, defined as Epromoters. They display distinct properties as compared to distal enhancers and classical promoters, are associated with stress response genes and interact more frequently with other promoters. Moreover, by using comprehensive CRISPR/Cas9 genomic deletion approach, I demonstrated that Epromoters are generally involved in the activation of distal genes. Taken together, our results first identify a new category of promoters with dual promoter and enhancer functions
Troisemaine, Colin. „Novel class discovery in tabular data : an application to network fault diagnosis“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IMTA0422.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on Novel Class Discovery (NCD) in the context of tabular data. The Novel Class Discovery problem consists in extracting knowledge from a labeled set of already known classes in order to more accurately partition an unlabeled set of new classes. Although NCD has recently received a lot of of attention from the community, it is generally addressed in computer vision problems and sometimes under unrealistic conditions. In particular, the number of novel classes is often assumed to be known in advance, and their labels are sometimes used to tune hyperparameters. Methods based on these assumptions are not applicable to realworld scenarios. Thus, in this thesis we focus on discovery resolution in tabular data when no a priori knowledge is available. The methods developed in the thesis are applied to a real-world case: automatic fault diagnosis in telecommunication networks, with a focus on fiber optic access networks. The aim is to achieve efficient fault management, particularly at the diagnosis stage when unknown faults (new classes) may appear
Forest, Jason. „Caractérisation de classes par la découverte automatique de sous-classes“. Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066261.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLarsabal, Etienne. „Découverte des motifs souples de classe A : une nouvelle classe de sites d' interaction ADN-protéines chez les procaryotes et eucaryotes inférieurs“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066216.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBéghyn, Terence. „Activité antiplasmodiale de nouvelles tétrahydro-β-carbolines chirales : découverte et optimisation“. Lille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL2S044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJacry, Cécile. „Découverte de nouvelles molécules antibiotiques et caractérisation de leurs modes d'action“. Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFlavonoids are secondary metabolites widespread in plants and belong to a large family of chemical compounds of industrial interest. Flavonoids are an important source of new drugs and nutraceuticals because of their antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anticancer activities. Our study focuses on the characterization of the antibacterial activity of flavonoids specifically targeting Gram-positive bacteria. The objectives of my research work are i) to establish efficient and rapid screening methodologies to evaluate the antibacterial activity of flavonoids and ii) to determine the mechanisms of action of antibacterial flavonoids. The characterization of the antibacterial activity of flavonoids was carried out with flavonoid toxicity tests against the Gram-positive model bacterium B. subtilis by Live Cell Array method, which measures the bacterial growth kinetics. Several strategies were used to decipher the mode(s) of action of the flavonoids, such as screening a flavonoid library for new compounds active against B. subtilis, screening a collection of B. subtilis mutants for the identification of genes involved in the flavonoid response of B. subtilis, an adaptive laboratory evolution of B. subtilis in presence of flavonoid to obtain and characterize flavonoid-resistant strains, and finally an analysis of the transcriptional response of B. subtilis in the presence of flavonoids. Two flavonoids already identified in the literature to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, pinocembrin and naringenin, have antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. A 50% decrease in growth rate was observed in the presence of 93 mg.L ⁻¹ or 32 mg.L ⁻¹ of naringenin or pinocembrin respectively.To decipher the mechanisms of action of the flavonoids, a collection of 63 flavonoids was screened and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for each flavonoid in the presence of B. subtilis. 17 flavonoids were found to be particularly active against B. subtilis. The attempt to establish a QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) model with the 17 active flavonoids was unfortunately not conclusive because, despite obtaining a high quality linear regression (R² ≈ 0.9), cross-validation by using leave-one-out basic method was not obtained. The only plausible explanation for this failure is that the number of modes of action present is too high for a set of 17 compounds, thus rendering the QSAR model obsolete. In a screen of 67 mutants of B. subtilis, eight genes involved in the response to flavonoids (naringenin and pinocembrin) were identified, two of which belong to the LmrA/QdoR regulon, already identified in the literature to respond to flavonoids. The B. subtilis strains ∆lmrA and ∆qdoI are respectively more sensitive and more resistant to naringenin and pinocembrin. The 17 flavonoids previously identified and active against B. subtilis induce a flavonoid-specific transcriptional response according to our analysis of the activity of 10 promoters with the use of transcriptional fusions with a reporter gene. This analysis is consistent with the transcriptomic study carried out for the characterization of the response of B. subtilis in the presence of 5 flavonoids; 2'hydroxyflavanone, bavachine, naringenin, pinocembrin and resokaempferol. Several modes of action of the flavonoids in B. subtilis were identified, involving induction of the stringent response, inhibition of metabolic pathways for cell membrane and cell wall synthesis, and inhibition of central carbon metabolism
Chocu, Sophie. „Découverte de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans la spermatogenèse chez le rat“. Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S064/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSpermatogenesis in mammals is a complex biological function including cellular processes such as proliferation, meiosis and differentiation, aiming to the production of male gametes in the testis. If the seminiferous epithelium is well described in terms of organization and cellular morphology of cells that compose it, the processes by which undifferentiated diploid germ cells enter meiosis and give haploid cells that undergo many morphological transformations, are not fully decrypted. These processes rely on the coordinated and sequential expression of genes, including specific products for each stage of germ cell development These gene products are essential at each key stage of spermatogenesis. Transcriptomics since the 1990s, and proteomics since the 2000s have contributed to the improved. understanding of these mechanisms. A long term proteomic study aiming at characterizing the proteomes of Sertoli cells and germ cells, and a recent study that characterized and quantified the transcriptome of isolated rat testicular cells at high resolution using de novo sequencing of transcripts (RNA-Seq), have been the basis of my thesis work. The latter study showed the accumulation of long non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and testicular unannotated transcripts (TUTs) at meiotic and post-Meiotic stages of spermatogenesis in the rat. In this context, my thesis work aimed at validating the coding potential of many genes expressed in germ cells using RNA-Seq combined with shotgun proteomics, a so-Called PIT (Proteomics Informed by transcriptomics) approach. In this approach, the protein sequences translated from the transcripts assembled by RNA-Seq in the different testicular cell types are integrated into a custom database of protein sequences used to query mass spectrometry data obtained from proteins of meiotic and post-Meiotic cells. The PIT approach showed that 69 TUTs or lncRNA (corresponding to 44 loci) code for proteins in meiotic cells and post meiotic cells, and we confirmed experimentally the meiotic and post-Meiotic expression for two new transcripts encoding for VAMP9, a protein of the SNARE family, and a new testicular enolase T-ENOL. The post-Meiotic expression of T-ENOL protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry using a polyclonal antibody raised against the recombinant protein. This approach also allowed us to identify new isoforms of known proteins, specific to each stage of spermatogenesis. Germ cells and Sertoli cells maintain a dialogue which is necessary to the success of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis. Another part of my work aimed at identifying membrane proteins, in germ cells and residual bodies, that may be involved in the dialogue between Sertoli cells and germ cells, using a ICPL relative quantification proteomic approach. The ICPL analysis enabled us to establish a list of 166 proteins whose expression is differential between pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and residual bodies. Their differential expression suggests that these proteins may play a role in spermiogenesis. Thanks to the Gene Ontology annotations, a list of 8 proteins with a putative role in signal transduction, cell recognition or differentiation, thus potentially involved in the dialogue between Sertoli and germ cells was drawn. In addition, I provided a first proteome of rat Sertoli cells, germ cells and residual bodies obtained by shotgun proteomics
Munier, Pascal. „Synthèses et propriétés de nouvelles classes d'osides“. Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO10284.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBastien-Uluis, Geraldine. „Découverte de nouvelles enzymes de dégradation des polysaccharides végétaux par métagénomique fonctionnelle“. Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA functional metagenomics approach was used to reveal the enzymatic diversity present in the guts of biomass-feeding termites and to identify enzymes involved in the degradation of biomass components, notably heteroxylans. High-throughput screening of metagenomic libraries, created using three different termite species, was performed using a variety of chromogenic substrates. This allowed the discovery of hundreds of clones expressing targeted biomass-degrading activities (e.g. depolymerases such as glucanase, xylanase, mannanase arabinanase and auxiliary activities such as α-L-arabinofuranosidases, β-D-xylosidases and cellobiohydrolases). A total of 42 clones were selected for a DNA sequence analysis, thus generating 1.5 Mbp that were assembled into 58 contiguous sequences. 63 new Glycoside Hydrolases (GH) belonging to 19 different families of the CAZy classification were identified, including ones from families GH3, GH8, GH10, GH11, GH43 and GH51. Finally, eight new enzymes, from families GH43 and GH51, were produced in E. coli and their biochemical properties were studied. These enzymes display α-L-arabinofuranosidase, β-D-xylosidase or arabinanase activities
Ghemtio, Leo. „Simulation numérique et approche orientée connaissance pour la découverte de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques“. Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00609018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGhemtio, Wafo Léo Aymar. „Simulation numérique et approche orientée connaissance pour la découverte de nouvelles molécules thérapeutiques“. Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10103/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTherapeutic innovation has traditionally benefited from the combination of experimental screening and molecular modelling. In practice, however, the latter is often limited by the shortage of structural and biological information. Today, the situation has completely changed with the high-throughput sequencing of the human genome, and the advances realized in the three-dimensional determination of the structures of proteins. This gives access to an enormous amount of data which can be used to search for new treatments for a large number of diseases. In this respect, computational approaches have been used for high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) and offer an alternative or a complement to the experimental methods, which allow more time for the discovery of new treatments.However, most of these approaches suffer the same limitations. One of these is the cost and the computing time required for estimating the binding of all the molecules from a large data bank to a target, which can be considerable in the context of the high-throughput. Also, the accuracy of the results obtained is another very evident challenge in the domain. The need to manage a large amount of heterogeneous data is also particularly crucial.To try to surmount the current limitations of HTVS and to optimize the first stages of the drug discovery process, I set up an innovative methodology presenting two advantages. Firstly, it allows to manage an important mass of heterogeneous data and to extract knowledge from it. Secondly, it allows distributing the necessary calculations on a grid computing platform that contains several thousand of processors. The whole methodology is integrated into a multiple-step virtual screening funnel. The purpose is the consideration, in the form of constraints, of the knowledge available about the problem posed in order to optimize the accuracy of the results and the costs in terms of time and money at various stages of high-throughput virtual screening
Andrique, Laetitia. „Nouveaux partenaires du suppresseur de tumeurs p14ARF : découverte de nouvelles fonctions indépendantes de p53“. Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT1403.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBriffotaux, Julien. „Maintenance génomique chez l'Archaea hyperthermophile Pyrococcus abyssi : découverte de nouvelles interactions physiques et caractérisation fonctionnelle“. Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273692.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLosa, Romain. „Organocatalyse redox par les phosphines : découverte de nouvelles transformations et vers le développement d'une version électrocatalytique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF014.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis work focused on organocatalysis using trivalent phosphines, compounds which play a crucial role in many chemical transformations and widely used for several organic syntheses. One of the two research axes of this thesis focused on the innovative development of organocatalytic methodologies using trivalent phosphines. We focused on P(III)/P(III) or P(III)/P(V) processes for the synthesis of oxygen or nitrogen-containing heterocycles. After developing a version stoichiometric in phosphine, the methodology was optimized by making it catalytic. A more detailed study enabling the synthesis of 2-azetine derivatives, promoted and then catalysed by phosphines, was developed during this thesis. The products thus obtained were valued in organic synthesis and tested biologically. Finally, the second line of research in this thesis focused directly on the electroreduction of phosphine oxides. In today's environmental context, it is imperative to render the reactions promoted by phosphine catalytic in phosphine, by introducing a reducing agent into the reaction medium. In order to progress towards the development of electrocatalytic reactions, we used electrochemistry for the reduction of phosphine oxides, thus inscribing our work in a more virtuous chemistry approach
Gombert, Philippe. „Pragmatisme, éducation, nouvelles classes moyennes : le cas des associations de parents d'élèves“. Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0042.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe Topic of my research deals with the connection between the Parent’s Associations and the ideological transformations of society. It deals, more precisely, with the system of values which is promoted by new middle classes and the way in which these classes are involved in the educational process. With this research, I try to demonstrate that the new middle classes promote a new ideology, which I call pramgatism
Martin, Alexandre. „Théorie de Mourre et opérateurs de Schrödinger : De nouvelles classes d'opérateurs conjugués“. Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0978/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we are interested in the study of the essential spectrum of Schrödinger operators and more particulary in the obtention of a Limiting Absorption Principle for these operators. This Limiting Absorption Principle consists on the existence of a limit for the resolvent operator when the spectral parameter is near the essential spectrum and permits to know some properties about the group generated by the Schrödinger Hamiltonian we study. A technique to prove this Limiting Absorption Principle is to use the Mourre theory. This theory needs to use an other operator called the conjugate operator. When we want to apply the Mourre theory to Schrödinger operators, we usually used a conjugate operatornamed the generator of dilations. This operator implies some conditions of decay on the derivatives of the potentials which can be a problem in certain cases. In this thesis, we will apply the Mourre theory with other types of conjugate operators wich, for some of them, does not imply any conditions on the derivatives of the potential.In a first part, we will be interested in Schrödinger operators on the euclidian space. We will show a Limiting Absorption Principle at positive energy, a Limiting Absorption principle at zero energy and the absence of eigenvalue embedded in the essential spectrum. In a second part, we will be interested in Schrödinger operators on wave guides for which we will prove a Limiting Absorption Principle far thresholds and near thresholds
Poezevara, Guillaume. „Fouille de graphes pour la découverte de contrastes entre classes : application à l'estimation de la toxicité des molécules“. Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018425.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRossi, Sandrine. „Test d'hypothèses dans la découverte de règles : nouvelles approches du pistage des stratégies de confirmation et d'infirmation d'hypothèses“. Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX10001.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadarau, Eduard. „Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouvelles classes de ligands sérotoninergiques 5-HT7“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00480279.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBadarau, Eduard Guillaumet Gérald Fînaru Adriana. „Conception, synthèse et évaluation biologique de nouvelles classes de ligands sérotoninergiques 5-HT7“. S. l. : S. l. : Orléans ; Université de Bacau, 2009. http://intranet.univ-orleans.fr/bibliotheques/theses/eduard.badarau_1653.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTitre provenant de l'écran-titre.
Tapie-Grime, Muriel. „L'éternel étudiant : présentation de soi et pratiques résidentielles des nouvelles couches moyennes“. Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100090.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThose that sociology calls the new middle social levels have - and mostly assert they have - specific relationship with town and housing conditions. Can this specificity be possibly assumed to exist? How is it usually expressed? Can its foundations be explained or at least clarified? In order to answer these three questions, a whole lot of "ethnographic" material (direct observation, photographs, and interviews) was collected in Besancon, Doubs, in 1986. This investigation which was conducted in a micro-social perspective favored observation of the displays of self-presentation through dwelling, a term that includes the representation of urban space, the criteria of habitability of a flat, sociability, as well as fitting out and decorating practices. Interactionism has been used as a conceptual structure for this survey. The categories of analysis have been borrowed from G. H. Mead, H. S. Becker, E. C. Hughes, A. V cicourel, H. Garfinkel, E. Goffman
Zavarise, Clara. „Nouvelles approches de criblages haut débit pour la découverte de radioligands de fibres protéiques impliquées dans les maladies neurodégénératives“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNeurodegenerative diseases pose a growing threat to global health, with their prevalence expected to rise significantly in the coming years. This necessitates the development of better diagnostic tools and effective treatments. In this context, positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers have emerged as anvoidable assets. They not only aid in the study and diagnosis of these pathologies but also play a crucial role in the development of new therapies.The traditional approach to ligand discovery involves screening libraries of individually synthesized molecules through in vitro assays. While successful, this method is time-consuming and expensive, prompting the need for more efficient strategies. In this project, various methodologies are proposed for the synthesis of chemical librairies and in vitro screening on protein fibers that characterize the studied proteinopathies.A major hurdle in developing drugs for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To address this challenge, we have developed a faster method for evaluating molecule permeability using an in vitro rat BBB model. This allows us to prioritize tracer candidates based on this critical parameter earlier in the development process
Reinaud, Olivia. „Nouvelles methodes d'alkylation regioselective d'orthoquinones originales : synthese de differentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques“. Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066200.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleReinaud, Olivia. „Nouvelles méthodes d'alkylation régiosélective d'orthoquinones originales accès à différentes classes de produits naturels quinoniques /“. Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37609260z.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBennasroune, Amar. „Récepteurs à tyrosine kinase en tant que cibles thérapeutiques : vers de nouvelles classes d'inhibiteurs ?“ Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13214.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleN'Guessan, Cécilia. „La phosphatase PPM9 de Plasmodium : caractérisation moléculaire et fonctionnelle, structure 3D du site catalytique et découverte de nouvelles molécules antipaludiques“. Thesis, Lille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUS033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMalaria today is one of the wide spread infectious diseases in the world. In 2018, 405 000 malaria deaths have been reported. RTS, S/A01 the only vaccine tested on a large scale does not fulfil its promises with a lack of efficiency. Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), the deadliest agent of malaria, has developed resistances to almost all chemotherapeutics. It is necessary to understand the biology of this parasite in order to develop new drugs. In Pf, extensive research has now been started to study the Pf kinome and to examine whether targeting kinases could represent an effective mean for the treatment of the infection, the study of its phosphatome is still under-investigated. Amino acid sequence comparative analyses of Plasmodium berghei (Pb), a rodent malaria species, revealed that 6 are Plasmodium specific. Among these phosphatases, the metalloprotein phosphatase 9 (PPM9), a Plasmodium specific serine/threonine phosphatase, was also suggested to be essential for blood stage parasites development. Besides in a high-throughput saturation mutagenesis method in Pf, PPM9 gene was also identified essential. The present project is focused on the molecular and functional characterization of the PPM9 and on the validation of this specific phosphatase as a new potential target for malaria. The gene has been cloned, annotated and expressed as a recombinant protein and its phosphatase function has been characterized. The enzymatic activity of PfPPM9 recombinant protein has been standardised using a malachite green phosphate assay kit and this activity is manganese dependant. Functional characterization was explored by conditional gene knock-out studies as well as by generating knock-in parasite lines to follow their trafficking during the parasite lifecycle (in Pf and Pb). PfPPM9 seems to be mainly localised in the parasite cytoplasm and could be exported in the cytoplasm of red blood cell. Among these studies, we employ CRISPR-Cas9 in Pf to facilitate use of the dimerisable Cre-recombinase (diCre) that is used to mediate the excision and loss of loxP-flanked DNA sequences in a rapamycin-controlled manner. Finally, we solved in silico the 3D structure of PfPPM9 by homology modelling and identified a new set of potential specific inhibitors. We screened in silico ZINC15 database and ICPAL base on the 3D structure. We have tested around 80 compounds for their anti-plasmodial in vitro activity. We have highlighted 3 hits: M19, M51 and M74. M19 has a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3,87 μM +/- 0,25 and a unique scaffold as antimalarial compound. Besides, via NMR studies (Waterlogsy and CPMG), we have shown a specific interaction between these hits and PfPPM9. As a perspective, PPM9 interactome will be carried out to determine its target/partner proteins in the parasite. In conclusion, this study will lead to a deeper understanding of the role of PPM9 in the parasite development and the discovery of new antimalarial compounds
Barotte, Cindy. „De la référence aux normes à la découverte de nouvelles normes de vie : lectures et vécus de la maladie d'Alzheimer“. Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study of alzheimer's disease describe differents perceptions of the pathology and also different care practices for patients in France and in the united states. With the enlightenment of Canguilheim's thesis about the normal and the pathological, it contrasts a conception of this condition as a gap from norms with recognition of the disease as a specific state. It questions possibilities and conditions to recognize the human quality of people with dementia and reveals, in the pathology, the firmness of an abnormal and unreasonable experience. The data collected and analysed in this thesis are essentially composed of interviews, observations and extracts from patient reports
Delcourt, Vivian. „Développement de stratégies protéomiques pour la découverte de nouvelles protéines codées dans des séquences codantes non canoniques chez les eucaryotes“. Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10166/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe traditional view of protein synthesis in eukaryotic species involves one messenger RNA (mRNA) bearing a single open reading frame (ORF). Thus, each eukaryotic coding gene may produce one canonical protein and possibly one or more of its isoforms. However, numerous experimental evidence report that eukaryotic proteomes may have been under-estimated and that cells are capable of synthetizing proteins which had not been predicted thus far. These novel proteins, termed “alternative proteins” (altProts) may be translated from non-canonical ORFs localized in mRNAs or from RNAs annotated as non-coding. These discoveries were made possible thanks to technical progresses in analytical chemistry in mass spectrometry-based proteomics. These analyses are based on two main strategies; the “bottom-up” approach is based on the peptidic products of enzymatic digestion of native proteins whereas the second and more recent approach, termed “top-down”, is based on the analysis of intact protein by mass spectrometry. The work described in this thesis is focused on the development of experimental strategies helping the discovery and characterization of altProts using bottom-up and top-down approaches. The findings are described in scientific publications which are included in the thesis. These publications include a review, two publications on the application of the top-down approach using micro-extractions on rat brain tissue and ovarian tumor biopsy and one publication related to the stoichiometry elucidation of a canonical and an alternative protein both encoded within the same gene
Lepage, Mathieu. „Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d’iminosucres d’intérêt biologique : ingénierie click pour des systèmes multivalents“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecent reports have demonstrated the first pieces of evidence of a strong multivalent effect in glycosidase inhibition by iminosugars, with affinity enhancements close to 10000. In order to understand the different parameters of this “cluster effect” and to continue its optimization, new scaffolds must be designed. The first research topic was thus to develop a set of « Click » Chemistry engineering techniques for the synthesis of multivalent systems, with the development of a Sweet LEGO® strategy. In the end, it would allow an easy access to a broad range of prefunctionalized neocyclodextrins. The second research topic consisted in a structure-activity relationship study by varying the molecular polyalkyne scaffold used for the preparation of new clusters by way of « Click » Chemistry. They allowed to investigate the specific features of the iminosugar cluster effect in the inhibition of glycosidases. In particular, a compound of unprecedented valency bearing 30 iminosugar units demonstrated an unprecedented dramatic affinity enhancement for the inhibition of a model enzyme (Jack bean alpha-mannosidase)
Rousseau, Théodulf. „Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs“. Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRousseau, Theodulf. „Elaboration et caractérisation de cellules solaires organiques à base de nouvelles classes de matériaux actifs“. Angers, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984367.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work deals with the preparation and characterization of organic solar cells based on novel classes of soluble molecular donors. The first chapter is devoted to the study of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) and a soluble derivative of fullerene C60. This type of device is used as a model system to analyze the various experimental parameters involved in the fabrication and optimization of organic solar cells. The experimental procedures defined on the basis of these studies have been subsequently applied to the evaluation of two classes of molecular donors namely diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY). The work on DPP-based donors involved the fabrication of various series of bilayer and bulk heterojunction solar cells. The results of these investigations have led to interesting performances and to a better understanding of structure-properties relationships in this family of molecular donors. The last part of this work concerned the study and realization of solar cells based on an original class of molecular donors derived from BODIPY. The characterization of the electronic properties of different families of BODIPYs as well as the preparation and study of several series of solar cells have led to important progress, and power conversion efficiencies among the highest reported so far for molecular BHJ solar cells based on soluble C60 derivative have been obtained. Furthermore, first evidences of cooperative effects in molecular BHJ using multiple donors have also been presented
Raynal, Matthieu. „Nouvelles classes de ligands et complexes métalliques pour la fonctionnalisation d’alcanes par activation C-H“. Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2009/RAYNAL_Matthieu_2009.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHighly active homogeneous catalysts for the dehydrogenation of linear and cyclic alkanes have been developed since 1996. These iridium complexes contained a tridentate bis(phosphine) [for {IrPCP}, A] or bis(phosphinite) ligand [for {IrPOCOP}, B] (Scheme 1). The goal of this work was to synthesize and characterize Nheterocyclic carbenes (NHC) analogues of these complexes (target molecules C, Scheme 1) and to evaluate their activity in alkane dehydrogenation reactions. The transformation of alkanes into alkenes represents a very important reaction, both scientifically and economically. Nheterocyclic carbenes were chosen for their unique stereroelectronic properties. Indeed, NHCs are even better σdonors than trialkylphosphines and can strongly stabilize metal ions. Thus, the dissociation energy of the MNHC bond is particularly high. The features of NHC ligands are important for catalytic applications: the presence of NHC ligands in the coordination sphere of the metal increases the electron density around the metal center. This facilitates the oxidative addition process which is a key step in numerous catalytic systems and notably in the functionalization of alkanes. The fact that the MNHC bond is strong limits the loss of ligand during the catalytic process. In {IrPCP} and {IrPOCOP} complexes, the ligand acts as a « pincer » for the metal. Pincer ligands are rigid, chelating ligands which strongly stabilize metal ions. The resulting homogeneous complexes are thermostable and can be used at relatively high temperatures (200 250°C for {IrPCP} « pincer » complexes for example) without degradation. Metal complexes with pincer, planar and rigid ligands which incorporate at least one NHC functionality have been intensively studied during the last ten years and exhibit unique catalytic properties. However, at the beginning of this project, no NHC pincer complex of iridium was reported in the literature. We have developed a synthetic route towards new hydrido, Nheterocyclic dicarbene iridium(III) pincer complexes (Scheme 2, molecules 12). Hollis et al reported the preparation of the iodidebridged dimer CNHCCCNHC iridium complex 3 (Scheme 2) in 2 steps with a yield inferior to 50%. Our method provides a more direct route and allows the synthesis of the expected complexes 12 in one step from the corresponding bis(imidazolium) salts in almost 70% yield. The diiodide analogues 46 were also isolated in almost 30% yield (Scheme 2). Experimental conditions used to prepare complexes 12 and 46 were thoroughly investigated. The influence of several parameters [nature of the bis(imidazolium) precursor, nature and amount of base, temperature, addition of KI and reaction time] on the course of the formation of NHC complexes and on the nature of the complexes was demonstrated. Reaction intermediates in the synthesis of pincer complexes were isolated and a possible mechanism for their formation was suggested. The NHC dicarbene ligand 7, remarkably stable at room temperature, was prepared and its reaction towards several iridium precursors yielded monoand dinuclear iridium complexes in which the ligand acts as a bridge and no as a chelate or a pincer as might have been anticipated (Scheme 3). The heterodinuclear Ir(I)Rh(I) complex 8, which constitutes a rare example of heterobimetallic complex with a NHC ligand, was synthesized in two steps from 7. The unprecedented and unexpected structure of 9, which possesses a remarkable figure ofeight topology,is useful in order to reconsider some chelate structures postulated in the literature for similar complexes (Scheme 3). Only a few comparative studies dealing with the influence of the nature of the weak base on the course of the formation of NHC complexes have been disclosed in the literature. We were able to demonstrate that higher yields of monoand dinuclear NHC complexes were obtained, for a given reaction time, when Cs2CO3 was used in place of NEt3. For the synthesis of the dinuclear complexes 9, the choice of the base is even more critical, because products are formed only when Cs2CO3 is used. Two different pathways are conceivable for the formation of the IrNHC bond in our complexes: either a combined oxidative addition/HX base assisted elimination process or the formation of the free carbene and its in situ coordination to the Ir(I) center. In the latter case, the higher intrinsic basicity of Cs2CO3 compared to NEt3 would represent an advantage for the generation of a free carbene. Moreover, protonation of the free carbene by the conjugate acid of Cs2CO3 is less likely than the reaction between free carbene and [HNEt3]+X. As mentioned above, we envisaged to use our iridium pincer complexes as catalysts for the functionalization of alkanes. Firstly, we calibrated our experimental conditions with a precursor of reference {IrPOCOP}. Then, we tested 12 and 46, under different conditions, but no significant activity was observed for the transfer dehydrogenation of cyclooctane with tertbutylethylene as olefin acceptor. Several pathways were envisaged to obtain an active catalyst. We are focusing on the synthesis of CNHCCCNHC 16electron iridium(III) pincer complexes (in contrast to 18electron complexes 12 and 46). We are currently studying in the laboratory: (a) the preparation of a complex D (Scheme 4) containing a mixeddonor phosphorus NHC ligand in which the phosphorus substituents can provide the steric hindrance necessary to stabilize a 16electron iridium(III) complex,(b) the increase of the steric hindrance of the NHC ligand by replacing, for example, the nbutyl group by adamantyl groups on the nitrogen of the imidazole rings (E, Scheme 4). Finally, the perspectives of this work include the use of our IrNHC complexes as catalysts for other reactions such as the hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes,transfer hydrogenationsor the Oppenauertype oxidationof alcohols. Modifications of the ligand architecture can lead to envisage applications of our complexes in asymmetric catalysis (hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation or hydrosilylation). RhNHC complexes (hydroformylation or hydroaminomethylation of alkenes) or CrNHC complexes (ethylene oligomerisation) can also find outstanding applications
Martineau, Estelle. „Etude de profils métaboliques dans les cellules de culture humaine par spectroscopie isotopique : application pour la découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques“. Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMetabolic studies in complex media by NMR and IRMS are highly promising towards the development of tools for breast cancer screening. Howewer, the quantification of intracellular metabolites by 1D NMR is limited by overlaps between peaks. 2D NMR offers a solution but suffers from long experiment durations which limit its quantitative use. On the other hand, IRMS has never been used to differenciate cancer cells. This work aims at establishing isotopic and metabolic profiles of these cells by NMR and IRMS. A first approach consists in optimizing 2D NMR sequences in order to estimate their potentialities for fast and precise quantitative analysis. Once optimized, the 1H INADEQUATE, sequence leads to quantitative spectra in 7 minutes with an excellent linearity and a repeatability better than 2%. Moreover, a comparison strategy of extraction methods is developed in order to determine the most robust and repeatable one for metabolomic studies of breast cancer cells. By coupling the optimum extraction method with the optimized 2D NMR protocol, the absolute metabolite concentrations are precisely determined on several cancer cell lines by a standard additions method. A second approach deals with the development of a cellular differentiation method by IRMS. The measurement of 15N/14N and 13C/12C isotopic ratios makes it possible to determine a characteristic isotopic signature of each cell line, and to draw up an isotopic map which discriminates between breast cancer cell lines
Decroocq, Camille. „Conception et synthèse de nouvelles classes d'iminosucres d'intérêt thérapeutique : chimie click, multivalence et maladies génétiques rares“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF043/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRecently an innovative concept for the treatment of lysosomal diseases as emerged called pharmacological chaperone. Pharmacological chaperones are reversible inhibitors of the deficient glycosidases involved in these diseases. These molecules are able, at sub-inhibitory concentrations, to stabilize the enzymes and rescue them from the destruction by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum. A part of the catalytic activity of the enzyme could be restored. Iminosugars are known to be an important class of pharmaceutical chaperones. During this PhD work, novel classes of mono- and multivalent iminosugars were designed and synthesized in order to identify novel pharmacological chaperones for the glycosidase: β-glucocerebrosidase involved in Gaucher’s disease and novel inhibitors of the α-glucosidases involved in the destruction of the defective protein delF508CFTR in cystic fibrosis. Several strategies were applied to achieve this aim. These strategies consist in the use of a synthetic methodology of palladium catalyzed alkenes diamination, the use of an efficient methodology to synthesize a library of novel iminosugars by click chemistry and the use of multivalency. A full study on the impact of multivalency on glycosidases inhibition was also completed by changing crucial structural parameters including valency, scaffold, linker and ligand. The first strong multivalent effect on glycosidases inhibition up to four orders of magnitude was reported with multivalent iminosugars based on β-cyclodextrin or C60 fullerene cores
Jacques, Isabelle. „Découverte et déchiffrage de nouvelles voies de biosynthèse dépendant des synthases de cyclodipeptides : les clés d’une diversité accrue de dicétopipérazines potentiellement bioactives“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA114838/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDespite the interest and diversity of the pharmacological properties of 2,5-diketopiperazines (DKPs), the biosynthetic pathways of these microbial molecules are poorly documented. The aim of my doctoral work was i) to identify new DKP biosynthetic pathways that are characterized by the presence of a cyclodipeptide synthase (CDPS) often associated with one or more cyclodipeptide-tailoring enzymes and ii) to explore the chemical diversity encoded by these pathways. First of all, my study focused on CDPSs. After the bioinformatics-based selection of candidates, 51 novel CDPS were characterized, revealing the incorporation of 17 of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. Moreover, this work has allowed a better characterization of the CDPS family, by showing the existence of several subfamilies with specific functional signatures and laying the foundations of a specificity conferring code for the synthesis of cyclodipeptides. Second, I characterized the tailoring enzymes associated with the newly identified CDPSs and, in particular, the Fe(II) and oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenases (OGs) that are highly represented in these pathways. I detected the in vivo activity for 11 OGs and characterized the in vitro activity for one of them, showing the complexity of the chemical modifications introduced into the cyclodipeptide. This work has led to identify and characterize novel biosynthetic pathways that provide access to a greater diversity of DKPs
Pothier, Brigitte. „Études structurales et fonctionnelles des protéines du squelette membranaire du globule rouge humain : découverte d'anomalies nouvelles au cours de syndromes hémolytiques constitutionnels“. Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO1T021.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHensienne, Raphaël. „Nouvelles classes d’iminosucres bicycliques : approche synthétique des squelettes 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane et 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF049/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePrevious studies performed by our group led to the identification of α-1-C-nonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol as a powerful inhibitor of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme involved in Gaucher disease. This compound’s unusual (inverted chair) conformation prompted us to further study the relationship between iminosugars’ conformation and biological activity. The aim of this PhD work was thus the synthesis of conformationally restricted iminosugar analogues. Firstly, three spiro-iminosugars based on a 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane scaffold were synthesized through a sequence including three key steps: cyclobutane formation by way of radical cyclisation, nitrogen introduction by mean of C-H amination and pyrrolidine formation by way ofmetathesis. Secondly, we developed a sequence dedicated to the stereodivergent synthesis of fused bicyclic iminosugars based on a 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold through a succession of two key steps: azabicyclic scaffold formation by mean of Mukaiyama aldol reaction followed by ketone to enone oxidation
Martin, C. P. „Contribution a l'etude pharmacochimique des amidines heterocycliques : synthese de nouvelles classes de ligands des recepteurs aux benzodiazepines“. Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13184.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCohen, Sarah. „Le Sarcome d'Ewing et ses transcrits de fusion : de l'étude fonctionnelle de protéines historiquement impliquées à la découverte de nouvelles entittés clinico-biologiques“. Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEwing sarcoma, a small round cell bone tumor of the adolescent and young adult, is characterized by a recurrent chromosomal translocation t(11 ;22) (q24 ;q12) in which EWS is fused to FLI1, coding for a member of the ETS family of transcription factors. EWS is a member of the FET family of proteins which also comprises FUS and TAF15. The fusion protein EWS-FLI1 consists of the N-terminal part of EWS and the C-terminal DNA-binding domain of FLI1 transcription factor. I pursued two main projects. The first, more fundamental, consisted in the study of the normal functions of the FET family of proteins. I was able to show that they have a role in proliferation as well as in regulation of gene expression. I identified three transcripts (CDK6, CTGF and CYR61) whose expression is conversely regulated by the FET proteins and EWS-FLI1. This leads to the hypothesis of EWS-FLI1 exerting a dominant negative effect on the FET proteins normal functions. Those three transcripts might involve the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway in the biology of Ewing sarcoma. The second project, more translational, consisted in the study of «Ewing-like» tumors, that have an Ewing phenotype but lack a canonical fusion transcript. Through RNA-seq, we identified a new non¬FET/non-ETS fusion transcript, BCOR-CCNB3, found in 4% of Ewing-like tumors. We have demonstrated that the biology of BCOR-CCNB3 positive tumors is distinct from that of Ewing sarcoma. I then carried out a thorough clinical and pathological description of these patients, and formulated preliminary treatment recommendations
Karoyan, Philippe. „Synthese de nouvelles classes d'amino acides ; application a la determination de la conformation bioactive de la substance p“. Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066399.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFrécenon, Vianello Elisabetta. „La représentation des classes sociales dans le "Fuggilozio" de Tomaso Costo“. Saint-Etienne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STET2035.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFirst published in 1596 Tomaso Costo's ii Fuggilozio is a collection of narratives one would expect to find in the mainstream of the post-conciliar short story tradition. Despite its sharing a number of features with both the boccacian tradition and the work of short story writers of the late 16th century, ii Fuggilozio appears to give a prominent place to the history and chronicle of the period. In this way a number of leit-motivs stemming from this literary tradition are treated with an obvious desire of actualization. After a chapter in which a "cornice" is defined in its relation to the tradition, this study analyzes the image which the author gives to the "peasants", the "nobles, courties and upstarts", the "bourgeois, the craftsmen and the humble folk" while establishing links with the whole body of the short story writers' production (namely boccaccio, masuccio salernitano, fortini, grazzini, erizzo, bandello, giraldi cinzio). The entire study sets out to examine the validity of the representation of the social classes in the book and to analyze the mechanics of the process through which the aristocratic vision of Tomaso Costo, who sees himself above all as a historian, becomes a retranscription of the society in which the author's objectivity becomes affected and even warped by his attachment to a particular social class - the nobility. This enquiry will naturally lead us to a debate on the historical value of the short story and on the role one can ascribe to the analysis of any literary production - and that of the short story in particular - in order to try to understand better the historical development of different societies and mentalities
Topgi, Ravindra Satish. „Étude structurale, biosynthétique et synthétique de nouvelles acétogénines biologiquement actives produites par le champignon Phoma lingam Tode : nouvelle orientation de la chimie carbène-phénol : découverte de nouvelles réactions de synthèse de cyclohexadiénones, tropones et tropolones“. Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112333.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlexandridou, Vasiliki. „L'interaction en cours de français langue étrangère pour adolescents grecs : analyse de classes avec ou sans les nouvelles technologies“. Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present research concerns the field of the didactic of foreign languages and more specifically of French as a foreign language. The research bases on the study of interactions in French class with or without the New Technologies during the progress of various didactic activities proposed in the methods of French as foreign language, inspired by teachers, or carried out by the means of New Technologies. The data were collected with the aid of recordings carried out in Greek institutions of secondary education and of the information taken from the teachers and learners’ answers to the supplied questionnaires. We look to find out not only how the interaction functions in the class of French as foreign language but also to emphasize the differences between the two types of course, with or without the New Technologies
Moussiou, Anna. „Les rôles de l'enseignant et des apprenants dans la classe du FLE. De nouvelles perspectives“. Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2009MON30044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe present study is about the teacher’s and the students’ role within the class of FFL (French Foreign Language), as well as about the new perspectives in foreign language teaching. The main objective of our research is to develop the theoretical framework in order to support the thesis that the teacher constitutes the main factor which defines the educational process. The present study is articulated in four parts:1) The first one develops the issue of foreign languages within a school environment. 2) The second one examines the complexity of class codes and language norms. 3) The third part is fully dedicated to the teacher, who is the factor of variation of the structural process in the class of foreign language. New competences emerge, as far as the teacher’s role is concerned. We indicate in this part the relation between the teacher’s work and the structuration process of the class. 4) The fourth part is an example of our fieldwork in the French Institute of Athens using video recording in a foreign language class. Our study, in its theoretical and practical aspects, has been effectuated on the grounds of opening new horizons in the future researches in core areas
Idriss, Salam. „Mise en place d'une stratégie centrée sur le patient pour la découverte de nouvelles fonctions de PCSK9 dans les dyslipidémies et la différenciation des cellules souches pluripotentes humaines“. Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT1008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePCSK9 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol metabolism by the liver through inducing lysosomal degradation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). While PCSK9 gain-of-function (GOF) mutations induced autosomal dominant hypercholesterolemia and increased cardiovascular risk, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are associated with low LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular protection. Due to limitations inherent to current models including animal and human cells lines transfected with DNA constructs or transgenic animal models, PCSK9 functions are not fully understood. Therefore, we took advantage of patient related somatic cells reprogramming intoinduced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to generate hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) and model the pathophysiology of PCSK9 mutations in dyslipidemia through focusing on two intracellular mutation forms; GOF (S127R) and LOF (R104C/V114A). We showed that HLC could recapitulate the key pathophysiological features of PCSK9 mutations. Moreover, HLC with the S127R mutation displayed an increased uptake of LDL upon statin treatment, which was correlated with the original patient clinical response. In parallel, this model enabled us to unravel a new unexpected role of PCSK9 in hiPSC and during differentiation. PCSK9 was found to affect the proliferation of hiPSC and regulate a key developmental signaling pathway mediated by NODAL. This regulation might occur by a direct interaction between PCSK9 and DACT2, an intracellular attenuator of NODAL signaling pathway. In conclusion, hiPSC provide a pertinent translational model to decipher PCSK9 hepatic functions and a novel cellular environment to highlight new functions
Grout, Emmanuelle. „Anti-ulcéreux : apport des nouvelles classes thérapeutiques dans le traitement des ulcères : application à des cas cliniques, règles hygiéno-diététiques des ulcères“. Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P174.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHamdane, Djemel. „Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la neuroglobine et de la cytoglobine : nouvelles classes de globines de vertébrés exprimées dans le système nerveux“. Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112148.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNgb and Cygb, recently discovered intracellular members of vertebrate hemoglobin family. Display the classical three-on-three helical globins fold and are endowed with a hexacoordinate heme iron, in both their ferrous and ferric forms, having the heme distal His-E7 residue as the endogenous ligand. Reversible intramolecular hexa- to penta-coordination of the heme modulates Ngb and Cygb ligand binding properties. Our result show that the overall structural difference between penta and hexa coordinated globins may be rather small and can be overcome by external mofidifications such as high pressure. Contribution of hexacoordination to the hyperthermal stability (Tm ~100°C) and a weak temperature dependence of Ngb oxygenation are two new original mechanisms. In Ngb and Cygb ligand migration to/from the heme distal site may be assisted by a large fluctuation of the protein. Accordingly, the rate-limiting step is rather attributed to the migration of whatever the ligand (internal and external) through the protein matrix than to the chemical barriers. The presence of tremendous cavities leads to a more flexibility of the protein to allow a dynamic conformationnal changes. Interestingly, the human Ngb oxygenation and carbonylation are linked to the redox state of the cell via an intra-molecular disulphide bridge formation/dissociation. The contribution of the cysteines in thermal stability of Ngb is also demonstrated. Overall, apparent affinity for O2 binding to Ngb and to Cygb is comparable to those displayed by pentacoordinated globins such as Mb (~0. 5 mmHgb). Thus, their physiological role can be involved in oxygen storage and its delivery into neurons
Angelcos-Gutierrez, Nicolas. „La construction du politique chez les nouvelles générations de pobladores au Chili“. Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0050.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis work examines the current social organization and political relations of the pobladores (shantytown dwellers in Chile). Specifically, it analyses how the social experience of the pobladores is shaped by "politic", based on the idea that politic is not the same as the electoral participation. Based on this broader definition of politic, I study how the political subjectivity of the pobladores is built, focusing on how they dispute the definition of "poverty" and, therefore, challenge the conditions under which the power is exerted in Chile
Dumond, Hélène. „Approches genomiques pour l'identification des genes cibles de l'activateur transcriptionnel yap1p chez saccharomyces cerevisiae : nouvelles classes fonctionnelles et interconnections entre reseaux de regulation“. Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112164.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBérard, Annie. „La lécithine cholestérol acyltransférase : découverte et étude de nouvelles mutations chez l'homme, incidence de la sur-expression du gène humain de la LCAT sur l'athérogénèse expérimentale chez des animaux transgéniques“. Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR28513.
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