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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Declarative act“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Rudin, Deniz. „Embedded Rising Declaratives and Embedded Quotation“. Semantics and Linguistic Theory 29 (09.12.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v29i0.4594.
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Declarative sentences uttered with rising intonation are used to ask biased questions. Do they share a denotation with interrogatives, despite their declarative form? Or do they serve as requests for information despite sharing a denotation with other declaratives? This paper explores the behavior of rising declaratives embedded under rogative speech-act verbs, and shows them to be invariably quotative. As such, these observations might just as likely pose problems for the semantics of embedded quotation under rogative verbs as for the semantics of rising declaratives. This paper pursues the former path.
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Sumaniari, Ni Wayan Rosi, Dewa Putu Ramendra und Gede Mahendrayana. „An Analysis of Speech Acts in Merry Riana : Mimpi Sejuta Dollar Movie“. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris undiksha 9, Nr. 1 (13.06.2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v9i1.34189.
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People rarely know the function of the language used in the film. This study analyzes speech acts in a dialogue film entitled Merry Riana: Dreams of a Million Dollars. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data were analyzed from the form of speech acts consisting of direct and indirect speech acts in the form of declarative, imperative, and interrogative. The type of speech act analysis uses Searle's theory of representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration. The result of this research is that direct speech act in interrogative form is 43.63%. Direct speech acts in the declarative form are 95 (43.18%), direct speech acts in the imperative form are 24 (10.90%), indirect speech acts in the imperative form are 2 (0.9%), indirect speech acts in imperative form as much as 2 (0.9%). interrogative form is 2 (0.9%), and indirect speech act in declarative form is 1 (0.45%). Furthermore, 74 utterances are analyzed into five types of speech acts. The most dominant representative used 36 (48.6%). Then followed by directive 21 (28.3%), expressive 14 (18.9%), commissive 3 (4.0%), and declarative 0 (0.0%). This research implies that understanding speech acts plays an important role in communication.
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van Elswyk, Peter. „Representing Knowledge“. Philosophical Review 130, Nr. 1 (01.01.2021): 97–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8699695.
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A speaker's use of a declarative sentence in a context has two effects: it expresses a proposition and represents the speaker as knowing that proposition. This article is about how to explain the second effect. The standard explanation is act-based. A speaker is represented as knowing because their use of a declarative in a context tokens the act-type of assertion and assertions represent knowledge in what's asserted. In this article, a semantic explanation is proposed according to which declaratives covertly host a know-parenthetical. A speaker is thereby represented as knowing the proposition expressed because that is the semantic contribution of the parenthetical. This view is called PARENTHETICALISM. The article contends that parentheticalism better explains knowledge representation than alternatives. As a consequence of outperforming assertoric explanations, parentheticalism opens the door to altogether eliminating the act-type of assertion from linguistic theorizing.
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Utami, Peby, Ibnu Iqbal, Farhan Najmi und Emeliya Sukma Dara Damanik. „SPEECH ACT IN BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH“. JALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literacy) 6, Nr. 2 (15.09.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25157/jall.v6i2.7667.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze Barack Obama's usage of speech acts in speech "A More Perfect Union”. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The data were collected and analyzed by collecting and classifying the utterances that are relevant to Searle’s theory on speech act’s classification. Based on the findings, the researchers discover three directives, four commisives, fifteen representatives, one declarative, and five expressives in the speech. The representative is the most common and declarative is the least common.
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Sophia, Theresia Cicik, Luki Saptiko und Siti Musarokah. „Illocutionary Act Found on Character Arthur Fleck’s in Joker Movie“. SALEE: Study of Applied Linguistics and English Education 2, Nr. 2 (28.07.2021): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35961/salee.v2i02.272.
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This study is focused on the illocutionary acts found on Arthur Fleck’s dialogues in Joker (2019) movie. The objectives of this study are (1) to find out the types of illocutionary acts used by the character Arthur in Joker movie and (2) to find out the dominant types of illocutionary acts used by the character Arthur in Joker movie and what that means. To reach those objectives of study, the writers use Searle (2002) theory to conduct the study. There are five types of illocutionary acts according to Searle (2002). They are assertive, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. This study used qualitative design because it is framed in terms of using words instead of numbers. The result of data finding shows that there were 52 utterances done by Arthur Fleck indicates as illocutionary acts. The illocutionary types found are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. There are 8 utterances categorized as assertives type, 27 utterances categorized as directives type, 4 utterances categorized as commissive type, 9 utterances categorized as expressives type, and 4 utterances categorized as declaratives type. Directive type is the dominant type found in Arthur’s utterances.
Keywords: Pragmatic, Illocutionary Acts, Joker (2019) Movie.
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Khodijah, Siti. „Illocutionary Act in Political Debate“. Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 1, Nr. 03 (28.12.2020): 264–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v1i03.39.
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This study analyzes illocutionary act in political debate that was conducted by general election commision on March, 30 2019. This debate was about ideology, government, security and defense, and international relationship. In this research, Searle’s theory was used who classified five types of illocutionary act; representative, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. This research used descriptive qualitative. The main focus of this study is to get deep understanding and interpretation how the politicians argue each other using illocutionary act. The results of this study suggested that both of the candidates of president did not use all of the illocutionary act types proposed by Searle. The three illocutionary acts used by both of the candidates are, representative, directive, commissive. Meanwhile, another type of illocutionary acts used by one of the candidates is declarative, while another one used expressive.
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Khodijah, Siti. „Illocutionary Act in Political Debate“. Journal of Language Intelligence and Culture 2, Nr. 2 (28.12.2020): 141–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/jlic.v2i2.39.
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This study analyzes illocutionary act in political debate that was conducted by general election commision on March, 30 2019. This debate was about ideology, government, security and defense, and international relationship. In this research, Searle’s theory was used who classified five types of illocutionary act; representative, directive, commisive, expressive, and declarative. This research used descriptive qualitative. The main focus of this study is to get deep understanding and interpretation how the politicians argue each other using illocutionary act. The results of this study suggested that both of the candidates of president did not use all of the illocutionary act types proposed by Searle. The three illocutionary acts used by both of the candidates are, representative, directive, commissive. Meanwhile, another type of illocutionary acts used by one of the candidates is declarative, while another one used expressive.
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Hakim, Juhariyah Nur. „An Analysis on Pragmatic Force of Declarative Utterances Used by the Main Character in Mona Lisa Smile Movie and its Implication on Language Teaching“. Journal of Pragmatics Research 1, Nr. 2 (12.11.2019): 166–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/jopr.v1i2.166-175.
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This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data are document (the authentic manuscript) and video of “Mona Lisa Smile” film. The goals of this research are (1) to identify the contexts of declarative utterances uttered by the main character (Katherine Wattson) in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile”, (2) to explain the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances. To find the pragmatic forces of declarative utterances in the film entitled “Mona Lisa Smile” the researcher identifies the context of each datum in declarative utterance based on Austin’s classification of act performance in language. There are 69 utterances in the film, then the researcher randomly takes 35 utterances of declarative utterances to be analyzed. The results of this research are, that (1) In every utterance, context has important role in determine the meaning of the utterance, (2) The hearer’s response to Katherine Watson’s declarative utterances varies. The hearer’s response can be in forms of a statement, question, act and sometimes silence to Katherine utterances, (3) From the 35 of declarative utterances that have been uttered by Katherine Watson there are 13 kinds of force: consisting of insisting, claiming, complaining, apologizing, requesting, appointing, ordering, warning, suggesting, blaming, sentencing, asking, and advising. The implications of this research on teaching and learning activity are, (1) the pragmatic force of declarative utterances can be used as teacher’s classroom instruction, and (2) the pragmatic force of declarative utterances can be used as a teaching material. Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, illocution, declarative
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Murty, V. P., S. DuBrow und L. Davachi. „The Simple Act of Choosing Influences Declarative Memory“. Journal of Neuroscience 35, Nr. 16 (22.04.2015): 6255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.4181-14.2015.
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Mustikasari, Rr Dewi Wahyu. „The Structure of Teacher’s Directives of the English Lecturers of Muhammadiyah University Semarang“. Register Journal 4, Nr. 2 (01.07.2016): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v4i2.147-162.
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Teacher’s directive is an interesting item to discuss since it can be elaborated into command, order, request, and advice. Furthermore, it can be developed that teacher’s directive has several structures. The structure of teacher’s directives can be classified into three kinds: imperative, interrogative, and declarative. I would like to discuss about the various forms by which directives are realized in the classroom in this study. The subjects of the study were 10 English lecturers of Muhammadiyah University Semarang. The instrument of the study is DCT questionnaires, which is consisted of 10 certain situations. The result shows that most of the subjects of study prefer to produce declarative with 74 utterances (50%). Second, they choose imperative with 50 utterances (34%). Next, they construct interrogative with 23 utterances (16%). Declaratives provide powerful directives than the other types. Declaratives gain an explicit expression. Teachers like to use declaratives, since declaratives are understandable. It will minimize the misinterpretation from the students. keywords; illocutionary act; directives; teacher’s directives; the structure of teacher’s directives.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Frering, Rebecca. „La reconnaissance de dette“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 3, 2022. http://scd-proxy.univ-brest.fr/login?url=https://bibliotheque.lefebvre-dalloz.fr/isbn/9782247234448.
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La reconnaissance de dette se présente de prime abord comme un acte du quotidien des plus banals : un père prête à son fils une somme d’argent pour l’aider dans un projet, et celui-ci souscrit une reconnaissance de dette ; une succession s’ouvre, et l’on découvre une reconnaissance de dette dressée par le défunt ; un dirigeant de société signe une reconnaissance de dette pour l’activité de la société. Cette banalité induit une certaine évidence dans l’appréhension juridique de cet acte, et justifie probablement qu’aucune étude d’ensemble ne lui ait jamais été consacrée en doctrine. Une telle simplicité n’est pourtant qu’apparente. Les diverses qualifications juridiques que lui prête la doctrine en témoignent : acte unilatéral, contrat unilatéral à titre onéreux, acte déclaratif, acte récognitif, aveu, etc. Loin de constituer un questionnement purement théorique, déconnecté de la pratique, la qualification retenue pour la reconnaissance de dette emporte d’importantes conséquences sur le régime juridique qui lui sera appliqué. Est-elle soumise aux règles relatives aux vices du consentement du droit commun, ou de l’aveu ? Faut-il lui appliquer certains principes relatifs à la preuve, tel que celui de la loyauté ? Quelle capacité exiger de son auteur ? La récente réforme du droit des contrats a ajouté son lot de questionnements en supprimant la cause, grâce à laquelle la jurisprudence contrôlait l’existence d’une dette en matière de reconnaissance. Quel fondement utiliser pour contrôler cette existence en présence d’une reconnaissance de dette souscrite après le 1er octobre 2016 ? Pour répondre à l’ensemble de ces interrogations, la thèse se propose d’abord d’identifier la nature juridique de la reconnaissance de dette, qui semble se trouver quelque part entre la preuve et l’acte juridique. L’opération de qualification requerra d’adopter un autre regard sur ces deux notions, traditionnellement opposées, afin d’envisager l’éventualité d’une catégorie d’acte juridique présentant une qualité probatoire. Le régime juridique de la reconnaissance de dette pourra ensuite être bâti sur le socle de la qualification retenue, dans l’optique d’épouser les singularités de cet acte. Cette construction commandera souvent de résoudre les contradictions apparentes entre preuve et acte juridiqueAn acknowledgement of indebtedness has become one the banalest actions of everyday life: a father loaning his son some money for him to undertake a project, for which he would write a certificate of indebtedness; heirs finding out that the deceased person had written a certificate of indebtedness; a CEO writing a certificate of indebtedness to save their company… This banality implies some kind of obviousness in the way that this act would be acted upon legally. It probably explains why the doctrine has never researched it extensively. The apparent simplicity of dealing with the outcomes of certificates of indebtedness hides an uncovered process. The numerous legal qualifications given by the doctrine prove it: unilateral act, unilateral contract concluded for pecuniary interest, declarative act, acknowledging act, avowal, etc. Far from constituting a purely theoretical questioning, disconnected from practice, the qualification used for the consequences of dealing with an acknowledgement of indebtedness has important consequences on the legal regime that will be applied to it. Should it be bound to the rules relating to the defects of consent, or the avowal? Should certain principles relating to proof be applied to it, such as loyalty? How liable should the author of a certificate of indebtedness be? The recent reform of contract law has added its share of questions by removing the cause, thanks to which the case law controlled the existence of a debt in terms of recognition. What basis should be used to control this existence in the presence of an acknowledgement of debt subscribed after October 1st, 2016? To answer all these questions, this thesis first offers to identify the legal nature of the acknowledgement of debt, which seems to be somewhere between the proof and the legal act. The qualification operation will require adopting another look at these two notions, traditionally opposed, to consider the possibility of a legal acts category having a probative quality. The legal regime for the acknowledgement of debt can then be built based on the retained qualification, aimed to embrace the singularities of this act. This construction will often require resolving the apparent contradictions between the proof and legal acts
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Slamkovic, Richard Donald, und n/a. „A Generic Middleware Broker for Distributed Systems Integration“. RMIT University. Computer Science & Information Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090814.131013.
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Seamless middleware integration requires conversion of the message format from the source of the request to that of its target. A number of solutions have been proposed and implemented, but they lack wide applicability and ease of use. This thesis proposes an improved solution based-on dynamic protocol-level systems integration using configuration, rather than programming. This allows large complex enterprises to extend and enhance their existing systems more easily. The major components of this solution are a Middleware Protocol Definition Language (MPDL) based on the Object Management Group (OMG) Interface Definition Language (IDL) that can describe a wide range of protocols declaratively, and a run-time environment, The Ubiquitous Broker Environment (TUBE), that takes these protocol descriptions and performs the necessary mediation and translation. The MPDL can describe a range of synchronous, asynchronous, object-based, and binary and text-based protocols. Ea ch protocol need only be described once, and the framework provides a means to easily implement special extensions to the protocol. Further, this approach can be used as the basis for developing new middleware protocols; the protocol used internally by TUBE is itself defined and executed using this approach. TUBE has been implemented and successfully tested across a range of commonly used middleware, including synchronous, asynchronous, object-based, binary and text-based protocols. Key components of the system are currently in operation in a large Australian corporation.
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Keller, Christina M. „Racetrack Engineered Surface Project Initial Study and Mitigated Negative Declaration“. DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/620.
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The Professional Project addressed here is an Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration for a project proposed by the staff of the Del Mar Fairgrounds pursuant to legal mandate by the State of California Horse Racing Board.
The “Project” subject to documentation under CEQA consisted of removal of the top seven inches of the existing dirt surface on the Del Mar Fairgrounds horse racing track and temporary storage of the material on the practice track infield; installation of a new drainage system, rock filtration system, permeable asphalt layers, and seven inches of engineered surface material; widening of the track in the northeast and southeast curve area; and removal and replacement of existing retaining wall, fence, and landscaping improvements.
This Project Report summarizes the stakeholder involvement concepts utilized to obtain project support and approval in an environmentally sensitive area, subject to a long history of political contention, in the midst of other long-term planning efforts such as the San Dieguito Lagoon Restoration Project, and an Updated Master Plan and Master Plan Environmental Impact Report for the fairgrounds property.
Ultimately, the Project and CEQA documentation were approved by the Lead agency’s decision-making body, the Board of Directors of the State of California’s 22nd District Agricultural Association.
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Irti, Natalino. „The Juridical Act as a historiography category“. IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122950.
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This article addresses the issue of the pre-legal nature of the Juridical and its stratification in the social and legal level. Also, it contrasts the theory of the will and the theory of the declaration, and refers to the controversy between Emilio Betti and Giuseppe Stolfi about the dispute over the language. The idea of monism is developed in the theory of the Juridical Act quoting Santi Romano and Hans Kelsen, as well as its tensions with dualism. Finally, it takes Juridical Act as historiographical category, and its relationship to the problems of technological society and closes with the gap between private autonomy and Juridical Act.El presente artículo aborda la cuestión de la naturaleza prejurídica del negocio jurídico, así como su estratificación en el plano social y jurídico. Asimismo, se contrapone la teoría de la voluntad y la teoría de la declaración, y se remite a la polémica entre Emilio Betti y Giuseppe Stolfi como disputa sobre el lenguaje. Se desarrolla la idea del monismo en la teoría del negocio jurídico citando a Santi Romano y Hans Kelsen, así como sus tensiones con el dualismo. Finalmente, se trata al negocio jurídico como categoría historiográfica, y su relación con los problemas de la sociedad tecnológica para cerrar con la separación entre autonomía privada y negocio jurídico.
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Edorson, Anna. „Lag om klimatdeklaration för byggnader : Syfte, tillämpning och konsekvenser ur ett företags- och samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv“. Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297502.
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Bakgrunden till denna studie är proposition 2020/21:144 som överlämnades till Sveriges riksdag den 18 mars 2021, där regeringen initierar en ny lagstiftning som förväntas träda i kraft den 1 januari 2022. Lagen medför en skyldighet för byggherrar att upprätta och registrera en klimatdeklaration för varje ny bygglovspliktig byggnad som uppförs, där mängden växthusgasutsläpp från byggskedet måste beräknas och redovisas för att byggnaden slutligen ska kunna tas i bruk. Studien har en fastighetsjuridisk utgångspunkt men behandlas ur ett företags- och samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv med syfte att undersöka lagens syfte, tillämpning och konsekvenser ur ett marknadsmässigt perspektiv, samt för att analysera korrelationen mellan lagkravets ikraftträdande och konsekvenser för enskilda branschaktörer av olika storlek. Studien utförs genom en kombination av tre vetenskapliga metodologier som tillsammans utgör ett empiriskt underlag för vidare analys. Studiens resultat visar på att lagens ikraftträdande kommer att medföra konsekvenser för samtliga aktörer inom bygg- och fastighetsbranschen, och enskilda branschföretag kommer bli tvungna att implementera kostnadsdrivande anpassningsåtgärder för att uppfylla det nya lagkravet. Detta riskerar särskilt att orsaka problem för de aktörer som inte redan arbetar aktivt med klimatfrågan, och riskerar även särskilt att drabba mindre företag. Detta kan i sin tur orsaka ogynnsamma konkurrensförhållanden på en marknad influerad av oligopolliknande tendenser, vilket även kan medföra samhällsekonomiska effekter, exempelvis i form av stagnation på bostadsmarknaden. I kontrast till detta framhäver dock klimatkalkyler som integrerar ekonomiska och ekologiska nyttoeffekter att införandet av lagen om klimatdeklaration för byggnader på längre sikt kan anses utgöra en lönsam investering ur både ett företags- och samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.The background of this study is proposition 2020/21:144 which was submitted to the Swedish Parliament on March 18th 2021, where the government initiates a new law that is expected to enter into force on 1st of January 2022. The law entails an obligation for property developers to prepare and register a climate declaration for each new building subject to a building permit, where the carbon footprint from the construction must be calculated and reported in order to take the building into use. The study has a legal outset towards applicable law but is mainly treated from a business and socio-economic perspective in order to examine the law’s purpose, application and consequences from a corporate view, and to analyze the correlation between the legal requirements and consequences based on company size. The study is carried out through a combination of three scientific methodologies which together form an empirical basis for further analysis. The essence of the study shows that the new legal requirements will affect all different organisations within the construction and real estate industry, and will demand cost-driven adaptation measures to meet the new legal requirements. This is particularly likely to cause problems for those companies who have not already implemented an eco-friendly strategy for sustainability and climate awareness, and will also most likely particularly affect smaller companies in a negative way. This in turn can cause unfavorable conditions of competition in a market influenced by oligopol tendencies, with socio-economic effects, such as stagnation in the housing market, as a result. In contrast, climate calculations that integrate economic and ecological benefits emphasize that the introduction of the Climate Declaration Act for buildings in the longer term could be seen as a profitable investment from both a business and socio-economic perspective.
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Makdisi, Robert, und Faris Pita. „Hur tillämpas partnering i småhusprojekt?“ Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-126989.
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Byggbranschen är, jämför med andra branscher konservativ. Förändringar, förbättringar och effektivisering sker men inte i den utsträckning och takt det borde. Under mitten av 1980-talet utvecklades en ny samarbetsform i USA och Storbritannien, som kom att kallas för Partnering. Vårt huvudsyfte med denna rapport är att se hur tillämpning av samarbetsformen partnering är inom småhusprojekt. Partnering är ett begrepp som används där man har gemensamma mål, öppenhet med öppna böcker och stor tillit för byggherrens bästa. Att försöka definiera partnering i Sverige har inte varit angeläget eftersom stora variationer i arbetssätt gjorts till respektive projekt. Tidigare studier i England, Danmark och USA har definierat partnering på dessa sätt. Ett partnering team skall bestå av projektledning, projektoptimering och produktion, för att åstadkomma ett gott resultat där alla strategiska leverantörer bidrar med den mest fördelaktiga och optimala lösningen. Man skall skilja på samverkansform, entreprenadform och ersättningsform. Samverkansform/partnering är en del av byggprojektets delar och kan användas vid alla entreprenad-, ersättning- och upphandlingsformer. Eftersom det kan vara besvärligt att ta fram ett riktpris med incitament så har man nu börjat använda en ersättningsmodell i form av budgetmodellen, modellen används av byggherrar som ofta bygger. Grundfilosofin för partnering är öppenhet, tillit, gemensamt uppsatta mål, tid, ekonomi och grupparbete. LEAN är ett produktionssystem som kommer ifrån japanska Toyota, även kallat TPS. Syn och tankesätt kring LEAN handlar om att effektivisera och öka produktiviteten. Ett tydligt exempel på detta är hur lastbilstillverkaren Scania har tillämpat och utvecklat produktionssystemet i sin dagliga verksamhet. Efter sammanställning av detta kandidatexamensarbete kan vi nu återkoppla och besvara vår problemformulering. Partnering är möjligt att tillämpa inom småhusprojekt, och är en bra metod för byggherren att medverka i och påverka tidplan, kvalitet samt budget. Tillämpningen av samverksformen partnering i ett enskilt småhusprojekt kan framstå som invecklat och ofta svårtillämpat. Vi har även fått nya infallsvinklar kring tillämpning av partnering i småhusprojekt, vilka kan vara intressanta för vidare studier.The construction industry is conservative compared with other industries. Modifications, improvements and efficiency improvements occur, but not to the extent and in the rate that it should. During the mid-1980s, a new form of cooperation was developed in the United States and in Great Britain, which came to be known as partnering. Our main purpose of this report is to see how the appliance of partnering is within a homebuilding project. Partnering is a concept used where there are common goals, openness with open books and great trust in the client's best. Trying to define partnering in Sweden has not been imperative since large variations in approaches have been done to respective project. Previous studies in Great Britain, Denmark and the United States have defined partnering on these ways. A partnering team shall consist of project management, project optimization and production, to achieve a good result where all strategic suppliers contribute with the most beneficial and optimal solution. One should distinguish between the form of collaboration, the form of contract and compensation terms. The form of collaboration/partnering is a part of the construction project parts and can be used for all contract-, replacement- and purchase forms. Because of the difficulty to produce a target price with incentives, it is known to use a compensation model in the form of a budget model. This model is often used by a developer who often builds. The basic philosophies of partnering are openness, trust, common goals, time, finances and team work. LEAN is a production system that comes from the Japanese Toyota, also known as TPS. Sights and thinking regarding LEAN is to render more effective and to increase the productivity. An example of this is how the truck manufacturer Scania has applied and developed the production system in their daily activity. Partnering is possible to apply within small house projects, and is a good method for the future proprietor to contribute in and to influence time flat, quality and budget. The application of the interacting mould partnering in an individual small house project can seem complicated and often difficult to apply. After the summary of this study, we can now re-engage and answer our problem wording. We have also received new insights about the application of partnering in homebuilding projects, which may be of interest for further study.
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Avillés, André Guimarães. „A declaração de vontade negocial na formação do negócio jurídico“. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6980.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-19This work comes in response to the great importance of study about transaction declaration of will to the transaction acts. The analysis of subjective and objective aspects, of the will and its manifestation does not have consensus between the doctrine and the main Roman-Germanic origin civil legislation in force. Therefore, the work seeks to analyze the concept of transaction act, in order to dissect what is in fact the place of declaration of will on its formation, and what are its necessary elements to bring a declaration of will able to create, modify or extinguish rights within the sphere of Private Law. In addition, the study seeks to address the main forms of known declaration of will, as well as how these are viewed by contemporary laws
A escolha do objeto deste estudo se deveu à grande importância que o estudo da declaração de vontade negocial tem para a formação do negócio jurídico. A análise de seus aspectos subjetivos e objetivos, da vontade e de seu modo de exteriorização ainda não possui consenso entre a doutrina e as principais legislações civis de origem romano-germânica vigentes. Por isso, buscou-se adentrar no próprio conceito de negócio jurídico, a fim de se dissecar qual é de fato o papel da declaração de vontade negocial na sua formação, bem como quais são os elementos necessários para que se produza manifestação de vontade apta a criar, alterar ou extinguir direitos dentro da esfera do Direito Privado. Além disso, o trabalho buscou enfrentar as principais formas de declaração de vontade negocial conhecidas, bem como a maneira como estas são encaradas pelas legislações contemporâneas
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Peters, Murray Hamaka. „The confiscation of Pare Hauraki: The impact of Te Ao Pākehā on the Iwi of Pare Hauraki Māori; on the whenua of Pare Hauraki 1835-1997 and The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004“. The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2366.
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Kia mau ki te rangatiratanga o te Iwi o Hauraki Just as the whakataukī explains Hold fast to the power and authority of the Hauraki tribes the focus of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of Te Ao Pākehā on Pare Hauraki lands and Tīkapa Moana under the mana of Pare Hauraki Māori and Pare Hauraki tikanga. The iwi of Pare Hauraki have land claims through the, (Wai 100) and the Hauraki Māori Trust Board, before the Waitangi Tribunal highlighting whenua issues and their impact on Pare Hauraki iwi. Also relevant is the foreshore and seabed issue which is documented leading on to the infamous Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, (for Māori anyway), sparking widespread opposition by Māori throughout the country, and other supportive non-Māori groups because of the issue concerning Māori kaitiiakitanga and guardianship roles. This investigation will commence by outlining the histories of discovery and settlement of Pare Hauraki, the concept of mana-whenua/mana-moana as it applies to Pare Hauraki Māori and our tikanga, and then to subsequent issues leading to land alienation of the early 19th to late 20th cenutries and then to the foreshore issue of the early 21st Century. This research will include information showing that before 1840 to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and thereafter that Pākehā and various Crown agents, through legislation claimed the rights to the lands, waterways and oceanic areas under the kaitiakitanga of my tupuna of Pare Hauraki. Tupuna and other iwi members have expressed their disgust seeing the mana of their traditional lands, waterways, oceanic areas and kaitiaki roles slipping away from them through these activities. Therefore, this thesis is a response to those issues and the impact on (a), Māori as a people, and our tikanga Māori and (b), Pare Hauraki Māori as the kaitiaki/guardians of the Pare Hauraki rohe/territory in accordance with tikanga Māori, and the significance of the responsibilities which arise out of the Māori concepts of kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga.
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Muriithi, Paul Mutuanyingi. „A case for memory enhancement : ethical, social, legal, and policy implications for enhancing the memory“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-case-for-memory-enhancement-ethical-social-legal-and-policy-implications-for-enhancing-the-memory(bf11d09d-6326-49d2-8ef3-a40340471acf).html.
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The desire to enhance and make ourselves better is not a new one and it has continued to intrigue throughout the ages. Individuals have continued to seek ways to improve and enhance their well-being for example through nutrition, physical exercise, education and so on. Crucial to this improvement of their well-being is improving their ability to remember. Hence, people interested in improving their well-being, are often interested in memory as well. The rationale being that memory is crucial to our well-being. The desire to improve one’s memory then is almost certainly as old as the desire to improve one’s well-being. Traditionally, people have used different means in an attempt to enhance their memories: for example in learning through storytelling, studying, and apprenticeship. In remembering through practices like mnemonics, repetition, singing, and drumming. In retaining, storing and consolidating memories through nutrition and stimulants like coffee to help keep awake; and by external aids like notepads and computers. In forgetting through rituals and rites. Recent scientific advances in biotechnology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, neuroscience, and information technologies, present a wide variety of technologies to enhance many different aspects of human functioning. Thus, some commentators have identified human enhancement as central and one of the most fascinating subject in bioethics in the last two decades. Within, this period, most of the commentators have addressed the Ethical, Social, Legal and Policy (ESLP) issues in human enhancements as a whole as opposed to specific enhancements. However, this is problematic and recently various commentators have found this to be deficient and called for a contextualized case-by-case analysis to human enhancements for example genetic enhancement, moral enhancement, and in my case memory enhancement (ME). The rationale being that the reasons for accepting/rejecting a particular enhancement vary depending on the enhancement itself. Given this enormous variation, moral and legal generalizations about all enhancement processes and technologies are unwise and they should instead be evaluated individually. Taking this as a point of departure, this research will focus specifically on making a case for ME and in doing so assessing the ESLP implications arising from ME. My analysis will draw on the already existing literature for and against enhancement, especially in part two of this thesis; but it will be novel in providing a much more in-depth analysis of ME. From this perspective, I will contribute to the ME debate through two reviews that address the question how we enhance the memory, and through four original papers discussed in part three of this thesis, where I examine and evaluate critically specific ESLP issues that arise with the use of ME. In the conclusion, I will amalgamate all my contribution to the ME debate and suggest the future direction for the ME debate.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. „“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
Bücher zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Programme, United Nations Environment, Hrsg. The Malmö Declaration: Time to act. Nairobi, Kenya: The Programme, 2000.
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ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages, Hrsg. PPDP 2006: Proceedings of the Eighth ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming, July 10-12, 2006, Venice, Italy. New York, NY: ACM Press, 2006.
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PPDP'04 (6th 2004 Verona, Italy). PPDP'04: Proceedings of the Sixth ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming, August 24-26, 2004, Verona, Italy. New York, NY: ACM Press, 2004.
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International ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (5th 2003 Uppsala, Sweden). PPDP '03: Proceedings of the Fifth ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming : August 27-29, 2003, Uppsala, Sweden. New York: ACM Press, 2003.
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ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (7th 2005 Lisbon, Portugal). PPDP '05: Proceedings of the Seventh ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming, July 11-13, 2005, Lisbon, Portugal. New York, NY: ACM Press, 2005.
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ACM, SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming (9th 2007 Wroclaw Poland). PPDP '07: Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming : Wroclaw, Poland, July 14-16, 2007. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery, 2007.
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Eugenio, Moggi, Warren David S, ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages. und ACM Digital Library, Hrsg. PPDP '04: Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming, August 24-26, 2004, Verona, Italy. New York, NY: ACM Press, 2004.
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Machinery, Association for Computing, und ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages, Hrsg. PPDP '09: Proceedings of the 11th International ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming : September 7-9, 2009 Coimbra, Portugal. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery, 2009.
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Machinery, Association for Computing, ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages., Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (22nd : 2007 : Wroclaw, Poland) und International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (34th : 2007 : Wroclaw, Poland), Hrsg. PPDP '07: Proceedings of the 9th International ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming : Wroclaw, Poland, July 14-16, 2007. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery, 2007.
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Machinery, Association for Computing, und ACM Special Interest Group on Programming Languages, Hrsg. PPDP'08: Proceedings of the 10th International ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on principles and practice of declarative programming, Valencia, Spain, July 15-17, 2008. New York, NY: Association for Computing Machinery, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Moreira, Álvaro F., Renata Vieira und Rafael H. Bordini. „Extending the Operational Semantics of a BDI Agent-Oriented Programming Language for Introducing Speech-Act Based Communication“. In Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies, 135–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-25932-9_8.
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Moreira, Álvaro F., Renata Vieira und Rafael H. Bordini. „Speech-Act Based Communication: Progress in the Formal Semantics and in the Implementation of Multi-agent Oriented Programming Languages“. In Declarative Agent Languages and Technologies IX, 111–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29113-5_11.
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Corbett, Albert T., und Akshat Bhatnagar. „Student Modeling in the ACT Programming Tutor: Adjusting a Procedural Learning Model With Declarative Knowledge“. In User Modeling, 243–54. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2670-7_25.
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Fox, Senan. „Balancing Act: China’s Air Defense Declaration“. In China, South Korea, and the Socotra Rock Dispute, 75–87. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2077-4_5.
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Smith, Allan L. „A Rule-Based Declarative Language for Scientific Equation Solving“. In ACS Symposium Series, 111–18. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1986-0306.ch009.
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Lawley, Michael, und Jim Steel. „Practical Declarative Model Transformation with Tefkat“. In Satellite Events at the MoDELS 2005 Conference, 139–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11663430_15.
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Rossignol, Marie-Jeanne. „A ‘Black Declaration of Independence’?“ In Republics at War, 1776–1840, 107–30. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137328823_6.
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Mejia, Maximo Q., Chie Kojima und Mark Sawyer. „The Malmö Declaration: Calling for a Multi-Sectoral Response to Piracy“. In Piracy at Sea, 1–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39620-5_1.
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Sbisà, Marina. „Assertion among the Speech Acts“. In Essays on Speech Acts and Other Topics in Pragmatics, 267—C16P52. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192844125.003.0017.
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Abstract This paper discusses how assertion is collocated among the other speech acts, starting from the assumption that, in speech-act theoretical terms, assertion is an illocutionary act. It examines how assertion relates to other illocutionary acts involving the utterance of plain declarative sentences and how it should be collocated within the whole gamut of illocutionary acts. While the former exploration relies upon an intuitive grasp of the family of assertive illocutionary acts, the latter requires a more complete characterization of assertion, in the framework of a reconsideration of illocutionary act classification. Using Austin’s terms, assertion is described as an expositive Verdictive: an act affecting discursive and conversational relations, but also involving judgment and allowing for the transfer of knowledge. Finally, the question is raised of the role or rank of assertion among the illocutionary acts, that is, whether there are any reasons to grant it a special place, or it is just one among the others.
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Corr, Alice. „The grammar of dialogue“. In The Grammar of the Utterance, 251–98. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856597.003.0008.
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Abstract This chapter reconsiders the discursive contribution of the Romance illocutionary complementizer identified here as dialogic que, which is traditionally understood to introduce a ‘speech act’ causal clause. On the basis of a range of syntactic tests for various clause-combining operations (viz. clausal complementation, co-ordination, adverbial subordination, and adjunction) in addition to diachronic and comparative evidence, it is argued that dialogic que constructions are syntactically autonomous utterances which serve primarily to build discourse coherence between the complementizer construction and a salient linguistic antecedent or non-linguistic stimulus. On this view, the complementizer’s insertion enables the speaker to implement an act of grammatically configured ostension, akin to an act of declarative pointing, beyond the utterance it introduces. The role of silence is held to be formally significant, such that an obligatory prosodic break licenses a clause-initial expletive utterance topic whose null status ensures the continuity of the utterance context configuration.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Gall, Daniel, und Thom Frühwirth. „A refined operational semantics for ACT-R“. In PPDP '15: 17th International Symposium on Principles and Practice of Declarative Programming. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2790449.2790517.
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Bambang Purnomosidi, D. P., Lukito Edi Nugroho, Paulus Insap Santosa und Widyawan. „A declarative query language based on speech act theory for web systems“. In 2015 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icodse.2015.7436962.
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Larsson, Jonas, und Petter Krus. „A Framework for Generating Efficient Simulation Code From Declarative Models“. In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41193.
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It is becoming increasingly important to treat models as independent from the tools used to create or compute them; the modelling and simulation tools. Models need to be future proof so that they can be used with any present and future tools. There is also a need to be able to use models in applications the tool developers do not support. The advent of modelling languages meant that models could be defined without any reference to how to compute them. Such models do not put any constraint on what simulation tool to use in the end. These models however need to be adjusted to fit the destination simulation tool and be compiled through a series of complicated steps. Today there exist no tools to perform both the mentioned model fitting and compilation. A framework as well as an implementation has been developed that does most of the work of transforming a model into a computational form that is adapted to a certain destination simulation tool. The framework makes use of a model description in XML that various transformation tools can act upon in a sequence of steps to produce pseudo code. This code is easily translated into the format needed for a specific tool as input or to be used as a standalone application.
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Dianita, Orchida, Keisuke Takeuchi, Kimi Ueda, Hirotake Ishii, Hiroshi Shimoda und Fumiaki Obayashi. „The Influence of Worker’s Motivation on Intellectual Concentration by ACT-R Cognitive Models“. In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2023) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002834.
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IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to examine the worker’s motivation effect on intellectual concentration by an experiment and a cognitive process simulation. By utilizing the Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) concept, it helps to understand the cognitive models of the different motivational condition. ACT-R is one of the prevalent cognitive architectures that mainly differ the cognitive process into production modules and declarative modules.Several studies have been investigating the human cognitive performance in respect of others factors such as working environments. Inspirited by previous studies, this study has explored the human motivational factors that might influence intellectual concentration. Additionally, exploring the differences in workers’ individual problem-solving strategy is one of the alluring factors in this study given the differences in motivational conditions.MethodsFive participants were recruited for the experiment the range of their ages between 18-22 years old as a pilot study. The simple summation mathematical task was given during the experiments and shows two numbers on the left side and right side of the monitor screen. They were asked to answer the problem by pressing the numerical keyboard and the answering time was automatically recorded on the experiment program. The eye gaze movements were recorded and analyzed during the experiments. In this study, the participants performed the task under two different motivational conditions. The first condition was set to create the urge to finish the task immediately which generates high motivation to finish the task as fast as they can. The other condition was set in a neutral condition which the participants could perform at their own pace without a rush. From this experiment, approximately 3000 answering time data and 900.000 frames of the eye gaze movement were gathered and analyzed.ResultsThe different motivational conditions influenced the user’s task performance, showing a statistical difference in the user’s answering time in a high motivational and neutral conditions (p < 0.01). The distribution of the answering time follows the log-normal distribution shapes shown by both conditions.The participants performed different strategies in the cognitive task. Following the ACT-R modules, in general, the identified eye gaze patterns are divided into 2 patterns. The first pattern follows the production rules: (1)find-left-number, (2)attend-left-number, (3)encode-left-number, (4)retrieve-left-number, (5)find-right-number, (6)attend-right-number, (7)encode-right-number, (8)waiting-for-start-back, (9)attend-start-back, summation, and (10)keyboard-click. On the other hand, the second pattern follows the production rules: (1)find-left-number, (2)attend-left-number, (3)encode-left-number, (4)retrieve-left-number, (5)find-right-number, (6)encode-right-number, (7)summation, keyboard-click, (8)waiting-for-start-back, and (9)attend-start-back.In the different motivational conditions, the pattern’s appearance is altered. For participants 1, 3, and 5 the second patterns were dominant during the high motivational condition. Some irregular patterns arouse in the last 5 minutes of the task. This condition might due to the degradation of the user’s cognitive performance when the user feels tired and it might be the time duration that affected their cognitive performance. The results of this study might enlighten future research on cognitive performance by proposing a new method of eye gaze pattern identification on ACT-R cognitive models.
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Florentina, Hahaianu, und Loredana Manasia. „LEARNING ARCHITECTURE TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN A COLLABORATIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE USE OF CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS“. In eLSE 2013. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-13-172.
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Achieving goals in everyday life is also related to emotional intelligence. If traditional education brings us the practice of training of regular intelligence, we assume that digital communities of learning could better focus on socio-emotional intelligence. However, experts in the field of educational sciences postulate an evolution from the century of individual to the century of community. Our approach is to build learning environments where participants can socially interact, build and manage declarative and procedural knowledge, but also develop their competencies in socio-emotional intelligence field by interacting with a Conversational Agent (CA). Learning architectures that propose one-to-one interaction (Learner (L) - Agent Systems) to learn foreign languages solve complex problems or situations have been shown to be effective. Researchers can identify substantial learning gains associated with the involvement of conversational agents. Our work aims to enrich the learning architecture proposed by E. Wenger in social learning theory with the presence and pedagogical roles of a Conversational Agent. In the context of this learning architecture, participants in the learning community become and act as learning agencies. Learner agency is feasible in educational settings, both formal and informal. This paper assumes that the size effect of the immersion of a conversational agent is augmented by the context of a collaborative multi-users digital environment. Additionally, we describe specific roles of the conversational agents derived from the core structure of the socio-emotional intelligence: self-awareness, self regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills in order to illustrate the desirable properties of this new architecture. Our paper will further analyze the limitation of this architectures in terms of encountered of development difficulties.
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Cao, Qing, Tarek Abdelzaher, John Stankovic, Kamin Whitehouse und Liqian Luo. „Declarative tracepoints“. In the 6th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460422.
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Loo, Boon Thau, Tyson Condie, Minos Garofalakis, David E. Gay, Joseph M. Hellerstein, Petros Maniatis, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Timothy Roscoe und Ion Stoica. „Declarative networking“. In the 2006 ACM SIGMOD international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1142473.1142485.
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Thornley, John. „Declarative Ada“. In the 1995 ACM 23rd annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/259526.259540.
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Chu, David, Joseph M. Hellerstein und Tsung-te Lai. „Optimizing declarative sensornets“. In the 6th ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1460412.1460474.
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Loo, Boon Thau, Tyson Condie, Joseph M. Hellerstein, Petros Maniatis, Timothy Roscoe und Ion Stoica. „Implementing declarative overlays“. In the twentieth ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1095810.1095818.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Declarative act"
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Jara, Alejandro. Services, Anti-dumping and Other "New Issues" in the WTO Negotiations and Their Relevance for the FTAA. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012240.
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In the semester following the Doha Ministerial, WTO Members were able to set up the essential elements of the Work Program decided by Ministers at Doha (November 2001), including the negotiations mandated in the declaration.
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Bastos, Paulo, und Sebastián J. Miller. Politics Under the Weather: Droughts, Parties and Electoral Outcomes. Inter-American Development Bank, Oktober 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011513.
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The increased occurrence of extreme weather conditions leading to drought is a key development challenge. This paper studies how these extreme events interact with the political process at the local level using rich administrative data for drought declarations and mayoral elections in Brazil. While accounting for current and historical rainfall patterns, the paper finds that that: i) municipalities led by a mayor affiliated with the President¿s party are more likely to receive formal drought declarations prior to the municipal election; and ii) receiving a drought declaration reinforces the electoral advantage of incumbent mayors running for reelection. These results are robust to the inclusion of a rich set of controls for municipal attributes.
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Moore, Mark, und Marla Spivack. The Way Forward in Analyzing National Educational Systems: A Re-Considered View. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-risewp_2022/110.
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Low- and middle-income countries around the world face a profound educational challenge. At stake in meeting this challenge is their ability to participate effectively in an increasingly interdependent global economy, society, and polity, and to meet many other goals set out in the International Declaration of Human Rights. Turning the current challenge into an important opportunity will, by definition, require significant improvements in the productivity of national education systems. Productivity changes on this scale require innovations at all three levels of the national systems: micro (classroom pedagogy), meso (school and district management), and macro (national politics and policy) levels. This paper sets out principles for designing a process initiated and supported at the national level that can animate, guide, and evaluate the varied innovations that will help national government meet their educational goals along a path that supports their economic, social, and political goals as well.
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Isaacs, Robert. A Lifelong Journey in Aboriginal Affairs and Community: Nulungu Reconciliation Lecture 2021. Herausgegeben von Melissa Marshall, Gillian Kennedy, Anna Dwyer, Kathryn Thorburn und Sandra Wooltorton. Nulungu Research Institute, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/ni/2021.6.
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In this 2021 Nulungu Reconciliation lecture, Dr Robert Isaacs AM OAM will explore the meaning of reconciliation and the lessons of his personal journey in two worlds. As part of the Stolen Generation, and born at the dawn of the formal Aboriginal Rights Movement, this lecture outlines the changing social attitudes through the eyes of the lived experience and the evolving national policy framework that has sought to manage, then heal, the wounds that divided a nation. Aspirations of self-determination, assimilation and reconciliation are investigated to unpack the intent versus the outcome, and why the deep challenges not only still exist, but in some locations the divide is growing. The Kimberley is an Aboriginal rights location of global relevance with Noonkanbah at the beating heart. The Kimberley now has 93 percent of the land determined through Native Title yet the Kimberley is home to extreme disadvantage, abuse and hopelessness. Our government agencies are working “nine-to-five” but our youth, by their own declaration, are committing suicide out of official government hours. The theme of the Kimberley underpins this lecture. This is the journey of a man that was of two worlds but now walks with the story of five - the child of the Bibilmum Noongar language group and the boy that was stolen. The man that became a policy leader and the father of a Yawuru-Bibilmum-Noongar family and the proud great-grandson that finally saw the recognition of the courageous act of saving fifty shipwrecked survivors in 1876.
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Sheridan, Anne. Annual report on migration and asylum 2016: Ireland. ESRI, November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/sustat65.
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The Annual Report on Migration and Asylum 2016 provides an overview of trends, policy developments and significant debates in the area of asylum and migration during 2016 in Ireland. Some important developments in 2016 included: The International Protection Act 2015 was commenced throughout 2016. The single application procedure under the Act came into operation from 31 December 2016. The International Protection Office (IPO) replaced the Office of the Refugee Applications Commissioner (ORAC) from 31 December 2016. The first instance appeals body, the International Protection Appeals Tribunal (IPAT), replacing the Refugee Appeals Tribunal (RAT), was established on 31 December 2016. An online appointments system for all registrations at the Registration Office in Dublin was introduced. An electronic Employment Permits Online System (EPOS) was introduced. The Irish Short Stay Visa Waiver Programme was extended for a further five years to October 2021. The Second National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Human Trafficking was published. 2016 was the first full year of implementation of the Irish Refugee Protection Programme (IRPP). A total of 240 persons were relocated to Ireland from Greece under the relocation strand of the programme and 356 persons were resettled to Ireland. Following an Oireachtas motion, the Government agreed to allocate up to 200 places to unaccompanied minors who had been living in the former migrant camp in Calais and who expressed a wish to come to Ireland. This figure is included in the overall total under the IRPP. Ireland and Jordan were appointed as co-facilitators in February 2016 to conduct preparatory negotiations for the UN high level Summit for Refugees and Migrants. The New York Declaration, of September 2016, sets out plans to start negotiations for a global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration and a global compact for refugees to be adopted in 2018. Key figures for 2016: There were approximately 115,000 non-EEA nationals with permission to remain in Ireland in 2016 compared to 114,000 at the end of 2015. Net inward migration for non-EU nationals is estimated to be 15,700. The number of newly arriving immigrants increased year-on-year to 84,600 at April 2017 from 82,300 at end April 2016. Non-EU nationals represented 34.8 per cent of this total at end April 2017. A total of 104,572 visas, both long stay and short stay, were issued in 2016. Approximately 4,127 persons were refused entry to Ireland at the external borders. Of these, 396 were subsequently admitted to pursue a protection application. 428 persons were returned from Ireland as part of forced return measures, with 187 availing of voluntary return, of which 143 were assisted by the International Organization for Migration Assisted Voluntary Return Programme. There were 532 permissions of leave to remain granted under section 3 of the Immigration Act 1999 during 2016. A total of 2,244 applications for refugee status were received in 2016, a drop of 32 per cent from 2015 (3,276). 641 subsidiary protection cases were processed and 431 new applications for subsidiary protection were submitted. 358 applications for family reunification in respect of recognised refugees were received. A total of 95 alleged trafficking victims were identified, compared with 78 in 2015.
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Beard, George. New Mobility - Alternative transport for better outcomes. TRL, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/ykrl1775.
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Freedom of movement is enshrined in Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The expression of this right relies on there being accessible and safe transport available for people to use. Furthermore, transport underpins the fundamental needs of society to move goods and people around. Transport is not performing as well as it could. In many ways the freedom of movement for people and goods that transport supports is now more damaging than it needs to be to the environment, to the economy, and to people. TRL’s vision for new mobility is a transport system that provides better choice and access for everyone, serving as an enabler for better outcomes across these areas. In practice new mobility refers to a range of existing and emerging transport modes, services and technologies that have potential to provide a compelling alternative to the motor vehicle. At its core, new mobility is about rebalancing the movement of both people and goods away from single occupancy, inefficient, fossil-fuel powered vehicles. But achieving these goals is not straightforward; there is no ‘silver bullet’ that can entirely replace the need for internal combustion engine vehicles and solve all of our societal challenges. Instead the answer lies in understanding, developing and implementing the right mix of new mobility solutions.
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Idris, Iffat. LGBT Rights and Inclusion in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.067.
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This review looks at the extent to which LGBT rights are provided for under law in a range of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and the record on implementation/enforcement, as well as approaches to promote LGBT rights and inclusion. SIDS covered are those in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Atlantic-Indian Ocean-South China Sea (AIS) regions. The review draws on a mixture of grey literature (largely from international development agencies/NGOs), academic literature, and media reports. While the information on the legal situation of LGBT people in SIDS was readily available, there was far less evidence on approaches/programmes to promote LGBT rights/inclusion in these countries. However, the review did find a number of reports with recommendations for international development cooperation generally on LGBT issues. Denial of LGBT rights and discrimination against LGBT people is found to varying extents in all parts of the world. It is important that LGBT people have protection in law, in particular the right to have same-sex sexual relations; protection from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation; and the right to gender identity/expression. Such rights are also provided for under international human rights conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, while the Sustainable Development Goals are based on the principle of ‘leave no one behind'.
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Gibbons, Steve, Marcella Klinker und Estefania Murray. Managing Human Rights Risks in IDB Projects: Requirements of the IDB's Environmental and Social Policy Framework. Inter-American Development Bank, Mai 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004270.
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In November 2021, the Inter-American Development Banks (IDB) new Environmental and Social Policy Framework (ESPF) became effective. The IDB recognizes that human rights are central to its mission of improving lives and bringing sustainable development to the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. As such, the ESPF makes an explicit commitment to respecting internationally recognized human rights standards, including the International Bill of Rights, the International Labor Organizations Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, and other universal and regional instruments relating to human rights. Crucially, this means that under the new Framework, IDB-financed projects are expected to respect the rights enshrined in these instruments. The ESPF provides the IDB with the tools to assess human rights risks in the context of all IDB projects. Where such risks are identified, the IDB is committed to supporting Borrowers in carrying out their due diligence to protect project beneficiaries, communities, and workers from abuse, enable the fulfilment of their rights, and remedy harm caused. This Technical Note on Human Rights aims to provide support to IDB Borrowers in identifying and addressing human rights risks and impacts on IDB-financed projects under the new ESPF. The information contained in this note may also be relevant to a wider audience, including IDB staff and external stakeholders.
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Thomson, Sue, Nicole Wernert, Sima Rodrigues und Elizabeth O'Grady. TIMSS 2019 Australia. Volume I: Student performance. Australian Council for Educational Research, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-614-7.
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The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) is an international comparative study of student achievement directed by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). TIMSS was first conducted in 1995 and the assessment conducted in 2019 formed the seventh cycle, providing 24 years of trends in mathematics and science achievement at Year 4 and Year 8. In Australia, TIMSS is managed by the Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) and is jointly funded by the Australian Government and the state and territory governments. The goal of TIMSS is to provide comparative information about educational achievement across countries in order to improve teaching and learning in mathematics and science. TIMSS is based on a research model that uses the curriculum, within context, as its foundation. TIMSS is designed, broadly, to align with the mathematics and science curricula used in the participating education systems and countries, and focuses on assessment at Year 4 and Year 8. TIMSS also provides important data about students’ contexts for learning mathematics and science based on questionnaires completed by students and their parents, teachers and school principals. This report presents the results for Australia as a whole, for the Australian states and territories and for the other participants in TIMSS 2019, so that Australia’s results can be viewed in an international context, and student performance can be monitored over time. The results from TIMSS, as one of the assessments in the National Assessment Program, allow for nationally comparable reports of student outcomes against the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians. (Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, 2008).
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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.
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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.