Dissertationen zum Thema „Décisions automatisées“
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Huttner, Liane. „La décision de l'algorithme : étude de droit privé sur les relations entre l'humain et la machine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2022. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1519e5dc-267a-46bf-8e75-4699db7e89fe.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn France, decision-making algorithms have been regulated for almost 50 years. However, given the constant development of these tools and their ever-broadening use, the effeetivity of this control has come into question. In particular, the law seems to focus on the protection of the person subjected to an automated decision. In doing so, it neglects one of the most important issues at stake : the protection of the authors of the decision themselves. This thesis argues that it is only through a subtle balance between the protection of the authors and the subjects of a given decision that the law might be able to properly regulate decision-making algorithms. Using this approach, the two classic categories of decision-making algorithms namely algorithms serving as the only basis for a decision versus algorithms serving as a simple help for the decision - can be reinterpreted. At the same time, rules regulating the conception and the use of such algorithms can be reinforced. The interdiction of all decision-making algorithms in certain domains can be seen as a proper protection of the human decision. Other mechanisms, such as the right to obtain human intervention, or to contest the decision, arc specifically designed to protect the person subjected to a decision based on an algorithm
Millot, Patrick. „Coopération homme-machine dans les tâches de supervision des procédés automatisés“. Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/732fec07-46c3-4a85-a1fb-06f1935ad791.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAdzakpa, Kossi Pélopé. „Maintenance des systèmes distribués : méthodes d'aide à la décision temps-réel“. Troyes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TROY0007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn this thesis, we study methods for real-time decision making in the maintenance process of large distributed systems with important set-up times between the different sites in the system and shared maintenance resources. The methods are based on scheduling approaches in which we proved local optimality rules. These rules are adapted in algorithms for real-time decision making in the maintenance process of large size distributed systems. The aim is to ensure a required availability of systems and to minimize the costs of exploitation, while guaranteeing great reactivity in decision-making. The costs are namely due to critical states of systems (great degradation of fortuitous breakdowns), to over-frequent maintenance, and to tardiness of maintenance. The decisions take account of the availability functions, which often reveal the systems degradation states. The results enable not only to minimize costs, but also to dimension the maintenance resources according to the size and according to their operation characteristics
Ndiaye, Moulaye Aidara. „Aide à la décision pour la conception et la gestion de systèmes de transport automatisés complexes“. Thesis, Lyon, 2018. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02877296.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe manufacturing of semiconductors is a long and very complex process with many constraints. The process of manufacturing a lot can last several months with several hundred operations. Several thousand lots must be transported and stored permanently. An efficient transportation system is therefore critical to ensure that the hundreds of machines in the factory are delivered on time.This thesis focuses on the modeling and optimization of a transport and automated storage (AMHS) system in a modern semiconductor manufacturing unit.Different issues have been studied. The first aimed to analyze the impact of key parameters of the AMHS system and to propose new approaches to determine these key parameters. A simulation model has allowed to validate the results obtained. The second issue focused on the management of crisis situations related to one or more failures on the network, with the aim of minimizing disruption to the operation of the AMHS system. The last issue concerns the design of a new AMHS system for the transportation of auxiliary resources in a specific workshop.These thesis work was carried out within the framework of a CIFRE agreement between the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne and the Crolles site of STMicroelectronics. The proposed scientific approaches have led to several industrial applications in use
Brégier, Vivian. „Synthèse automatisée de circuits asynchrones optimisés prouvés quasi insensibles aux délais“. Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0087.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn an asynchronous circuit, the synchronization between the blocs is local: the constraints due to the clock do not apply. These circuits are more robust, modular, have less noise and a lower dynamic power consumption that asynchronous circuits. However, the lack of design tools for such circuits prevents them from spreading widely. This thesis aimed at developping an automatic synthesis technique targeting asynchronous quasi delay insensitive (QDI) circuits, which are particularly robust. The technique synthesizes a circuit totally decomposed in elemetary logical gates, which allows a later technology mapping. Moreover, a formal study done during this thesis proves that the circuits synthesized respect the constraint of quasi delay insensitivity. This synthesis technique was developped in the TAST project. Is has been validated on a set of test circuits
Le, Goff Kevin. „Agentivité dans les systèmes fortement automatisés“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4751.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHuman operators seem often helpless to takeover an automated system in case of failure. This "out-of-the-loop” problem occurs when an operator is unable to understand the intentions and to predict the outcome of actions of the system. The goal of this thesis was to study how the theoretical framework of agency can help identifying and evaluating the information required to make supervision of fully automated systems more efficient, to restore an appropriate sense of control and to increase the user acceptance of what the system is doing. To achieve this goal, we tested participants in four aircraft supervision tasks. We first showed that providing greater information about the system’s intentions increased the participants' sense of control. However, this condition did not produce any change in a frequently-used implicit marker of the sense of agency, the so-called “intentional binding effect”. We also found that this information led to better performances in detecting when the system’s decisions were non-optimal, to a change in the way participants allocated their attentional resources and also to increase the level of user acceptance. Interestingly, we also showed in the last experiment that the delay between prime messages providing information about the system's intentions and the system's actions impacted differently the performance and the operator's levels of control and acceptance. In the last section, we discuss the implications of our results for the field of human-machine interaction. We claim that the science of agency may be useful to elaborate concrete recommendations for designing automatic systems in which operators remain "in the loop" of control
Adzakpa, Pelope. „MAINTENANCE DES SYSTÈMES DISTRIBUÉS : MÉTHODES D'AIDE À LA DÉCISION TEMPS-RÉEL“. Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTort, Françoise. „Astree : automatiser l'aide à la construction d'un modèle de résolution de problèmes“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSerquin, Yann. „Gestion scientifique de la maintenance des grands systèmes : l'apport de l'aide à la décision par utilité multiattribut généralisée“. Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DENS0025.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThesis studies formal methodologies that will be helpful in the maintenance decision- making process and preconises to use an extension of multi-attribut utility theory to non-expected utility theories. Thesis does not only discuss attribute independence axioms and their decompositional effects on non-expected utility theories, but focuses rather on practical procedures and methods to elicit the multi-attributed utility function that remain valid in non-expected utility framework. In chapter 1, basic maintenance concepts are explained. Chapter 2 deals with maintenance optimisation models issu of operation research area. Chapters 3 and 4 preconise to use multi-attributed generalized expected utility framework in nuclear power plants maintenance. Chapter 5 presents a multi-attributed utility assessment program under risk based on generalized expected utility models. Chapter 6 consists in a case study
Trentesaux, Damien. „Conception d'un système de pilotage distribué, supervisé et multicritère pour les systèmes automatisés de production“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536218.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGrivolla, Jens. „Apprentissage et décision automatique en recherche documentaire : prédiction de difficulté de requêtes et sélection de modèle de recherche“. Avignon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AVIG0142.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis is centered around the subject of information retrieval, with a focus on those queries that are particularly difficult to handle for current retrieval systems. In the application and evaluation settings we were concerned with, a user expresses his information need as a natural language query. There are different approaches for treating those queries, but current systems typically use a single approach for all queries, without taking into account the specific properties of each query. However, it has been shown that the performance of one strategy relative to another can vary greatly depending on the query. We have approached this problem by proposing methods that will permit to automatically identify those queries that will pose particular difficulties to the retrieval system, in order to allow for a specific treatment. This research topic was very new and barely starting to be explored at the beginning of my work, but has received much attention these last years. We have developed a certain number of quality predictor functions that obtain results comparable to those published recently by other research teams. However, the ability of individual predictors to accurately classify queries by their level of difficulty remains rather limited. The major particularity and originality of our work lies in the combination of those different measures. Using methods of automatic classification with corpus-based training, we have been able to obtain quite reliable predictions, on the basis of measures that individually are far less discriminant. We have also adapted our approach to other application settings, with very encouraging results. We have thus developed a method for the selective application of query expansion techniques, as well as the selection of the most appropriate retrieval model for each query
Décaudin, Jean-Marc. „Le choix de la forme de publicité multinationale : concepts, mesures et proposition d'un système d'aide à la décision automatisé“. Toulouse 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU10007.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis study deals with a definition of a selecting method of multinational advertising organization (localized advertising, standardized advertising or intermediate organization). An automatic decision system was developed. This system was tested for measuring its prediction validity
René, Thierry. „Contrôle et régulation d'un système intégré automatisé de gestion : le cas d'I.B.M. Montpellier“. Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON10015.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn 1985, all ibm plant in europe are integrated in an unic management system: emls (european materials logistics systems). Ibm plant in montpellier is one of them. Its departement of "ordering and production control" is faced with a new system wich must be quickly understood, regulated and controled to garantee customers satisfaction while maintaining to lowest possible level of inventory. This study is intented to provide solutions wich unable the plant to achieve these objectives. It constitues an excellent practical case and covers a significant part of the theory: systemic analysis, production management, quality management, simulation, statistical data analysis, optimization of constrained and combined equations
Rojas, Ramirez Jorge. „Etude des modes de marche des systèmes automatisés de production pour la définition des stratégies de conduite“. Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/03812cc0-768c-417f-8fe3-9769898cd48e.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleEl, Mernissi Karim. „Une étude de la génération d'explication dans un système à base de règles“. Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066332/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe concept of “Business Rule Management System” (BRMS) has been introduced in order to facilitate the design, the management and the execution of company-specific business policies. Based on a symbolic approach, the main idea behind these tools is to enable the business users to manage the business rule changes in the system without requiring programming skills. It is therefore a question of providing them with tools that enable to formulate their business policies in a near natural language form and automate their processing. Nowadays, with the expansion of intelligent systems, we have to cope with more and more complex decision logic and large volumes of data. It is not straightforward to identify the causes leading to a decision. There is a growing need to justify and optimize automated decisions in a short time frame, which motivates the integration of advanced explanatory component into its systems. Thus, the main challenge of this research is to provide an industrializable approach for explaining the decision-making processes of business rules applications and more broadly rule-based systems. This approach should be able to provide the necessary information for enabling a general understanding of the decision, to serve as a justification for internal and external entities as well as to enable the improvement of existing rule engines. To this end, the focus will be on the generation of the explanations in themselves as well as on the manner and the form in which they will be delivered
Trentesaux, Damien. „Conception d'un système de pilotage distribué, supervisé et multicritère pour les systèmes automatisés de production“. Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0030.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA distributed production activity control system has been developed to solve several problems inherent in the inflexibility of classic centralized production activity control systems. The distributed approach implies local decision makings and real time control for task allocations. This forbids correct forecast on critical information such as time cycle for each manufacturing order, meaning a miss of viability for industrial application. The aim of our work is to provide a structure which takes advantage of both extrema and which is able to support just-in-time concepts: the hybrid production activity control structure. The hybrid approach uses the notion of bottleneck and non bottleneck resources and is based on the distributed control structure developed in the laboratory. The bottleneck is the only resource scheduled. It forces the synchronicity of the whole production structure because of its characteristics. This paper evaluates the relative performances of the three control structures (centralized, distributed and hybrid) through theoretical discussions and practical examples from a simplified industrial case study
Bernard, Denys. „Un système de raisonnement temporel basé sur le calcul d'évènements pour l'ordonnancement en maintenance aéronautique“. Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30162.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBeaucorps, Pierre de. „Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Rocha, Silva Thiago. „A behavior-driven approach for specifying and testing user requirements in interactive systems“. Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn a user-centered design process, artifacts evolve in iterative cycles until they meet user requirements and then become the final product. Every cycle gives the opportunity to revise the design and to introduce new requirements which might affect the artifacts that have been set in former development phases. Keeping the consistency of requirements in such artifacts along the development process is a cumbersome and time-consuming activity, especially if it is done manually. Nowadays, some software development frameworks implement Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) and User Stories as a means of automating the test of interactive systems under construction. Automated testing helps to simulate user's actions on the user interface and therefore check if the system behaves properly and in accordance with the user requirements. However, current tools supporting BDD requires that tests should be written using low-level events and components that only exist when the system is already implemented. As a consequence of such low-level of abstraction, BDD tests can hardly be reused with more abstract artifacts. In order to prevent that tests should be written to every type of artifact, we have investigated the use of ontologies for specifying both requirements and tests once, and then run tests on all artifacts sharing the ontological concepts. The resultant behavior-based ontology we propose herein is therefore aimed at raising the abstraction level while supporting test automation on multiple artifacts. This thesis presents this ontology and an approach based on BDD and User Stories to support the specification and the automated assessment of user requirements on software artifacts along the development process of interactive systems. Two case studies are also presented to validate our approach. The first case study evaluates the understandability of User Stories specifications by a team of Product Owners (POs) from the department in charge of business trips in our institute. With the help of this first case study, we designed a second one to demonstrate how User Stories written using our ontology can be used to assess functional requirements expressed in different artifacts, such as task models, user interface (UI) prototypes, and full-fledged UIs. The results have shown that our approach is able to identify even fine-grained inconsistencies in the mentioned artifacts, allowing establishing a reliable compatibility among different user interface design artifacts
Benloucif, Mohamed Amir. „Coopération homme-machine multi-niveau entre le conducteur et un système d'automatisation de la conduite“. Thesis, Valenciennes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018VALE0012/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent technological breakthroughs in the actuation, perception and artificial intelligence domains herald a new dawn for driving assistance and highly automated driving. However, in a context where the automation remains imperfect and prone to error, it is crucial to ensure that the automated driving system maintains the driver’s situation awareness in order to be able to successfully and continuously supervise the system’s actions. At the same time, the system must be able to ensure the safety of the vehicle and prevent the driver’s actions that would compromise his safety and that of other road users. Therefore, it is essential that the issue of interaction and cooperation with the driver is addressed throughout the whole system design process. This entails the issues of task allocation, authority management and levels of automation. Conducted in the scope of the projet ANR-CoCoVeA (French acronym for: "Cooperation between Driver and Automated Vehicle"), this thesis takes a closer look at the question of cooperation between the driver and automated driving systems. Our main objective is to provide the driver with a suitable assistance level that accounts for his intentions while ensuring global safety. For this matter, we propose a general framework that incorporates the necessary features for a successful cooperation at the different levels of the driving task in the form of a system architecture. The questions of task allocation and authority management are addressed under their different nuances and the identified system functionalities are studied and adapted to match the cooperation requirements. Therefore, we have developed algorithms to perform maneuver decision making, trajectory planning, and control that include the necessary mechanisms to adapt to the driver’s actions and intentions in the case of potential conflicts. In addition to the technical aspects, this thesis studies the cooperation notions from the human factor perspective. User test studies conducted on the SHERPA-LAMIH dynamic simulator allowed for the validation of the different developments while shedding light on the benefits of different cooperation forms
Brégier, V. „Synthèse automatisée de circuits asynchrones optimisés prouvés quasi insensibles aux délais“. Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178543.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFréchette, Richard. „Création d'un outil d'évaluation des coûts des infrastructures municipales souterraines selon différents facteurs d'influences“. Thèse, 2018. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9491/1/eprint9491.pdf.
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