Dissertationen zum Thema „Decet“

In this thesis, two different ways of music performing will be compared: • Music as recorded in a recording studio • Music performed on stage before an audience. My main focus was to compose music that was complex enough so that the band might face some problems when playing it live but rehearse it well enough to overcome those problems. I started by making “produced” versions of the songs in Ableton, where I recorded every single part with sampled instruments. These versions had the finished arrangements and sounded pretty close to what I wanted to achieve with the band. Then I wrote the sheet music carefully and sent it, along with the recordings, to the band. I made a rehearsing schedule and booked rooms well in advance to minimize the risk of problems later on. I also booked a studio to record the music after the rehearsals and before the concert. In the studio, we first recorded the jazz band and later recorded the string quartet as an overdub. After I had mixed those two recordings together, I listened very carefully to everything that could be improved. Some musicians wanted to overdub their solos afterwards and I overdubbed some solos myself as well. When listening back and going through all the details the days before the concert, I found out what could be improved and made a list of possible improvements for the dress rehearsal. I ended up being more satisfied with the studio recording though than the concert, sound and performance-wise. I had much more control over the sound, which made the end result better to my ears than the concert. Of course, the concert had its pros as well. The concert went very well according to plan thanks to good planning in advance as well as well written-out arrangements and problem-free parts. One of the research questions was if mistakes could possibly benefit the music at the concert.I think mistakes don’t necessarily benefit the music, but the live scenario might sometimes be more exciting since nothing is edited and the players have to find their way back home if they go out of the road. However, the profoundness of a well recorded recording can be very pleasing to listen to as well so both have their strengths and weaknesses. Those two recordings, the one from the studio and the one from the concert are obviously different and in this thesis, the difference between the two will be investigated furthermore.

Locomotive - Baldvin Hlynsson

Lost in Translation - Baldvin Hlynsson

Lost but not Least - Baldvin Hlynsson

Milders Mailbox - Baldvin Hlynsson

Psalm - Baldvin Hlynsson

A lullaby for the possessed - Baldvin Hlynsson

Encore: Thank you Maestro - Baldvin Hlynsson

Jazz group:

Tumi Torfason – trumpet

Björgvin Ragnar Hjálmarsson - tenor saxophone

Bjarni Már Ingólfsson - jazz guitar   

Baldvin Hlynsson (myself) – piano and synthezisers

Olle Adell - electric bass

Sammy Hsia – drums 

Classical group:Sara-Felicia Nyman Stjärnskog – violin I

Emma Alriksson – violin II

Ragnhild Kvist – viola

Hillevi Rasmusson Klingberg - cello

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.
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A intersecção de gênero e raça representa um lugar específico de opressão, pois se refere à construção da inferioridade da mulher em relação ao homem, a que se acumula o discurso de inferioridade racial. Tal situação é reproduzida em todos os setores de participação social, incluindo literatura. Nesse sentido, a mulher negra é tantas vezes representada através voz do homem. Afua Cooper, no Canada, e Alzira Rufino, no Brasil, são representantes da resistência das mulheres negras a essa sociedade de formação patriarcal sob domínio do homem branco. Neste estudo, discuto poéticas de resistência na representação da mulher na poesia das duas escritoras. Além disso, faço uma análise comparativa das poéticas usadas pelas duas poetisas.

Abstract : The intersection of race and gender represents specific site of oppression that concerns constructs of women?s inferiority to men in addition (is about) to discourses of racial inferiority. Such situation is replicated in all spheres of social participation, including literature. Thus, black women are many times represented through men?s voice. Afua Cooper, in Canada, and Alzira Rufino, in Brazil, are representative of black women?s resistance to this white dominant patriarchal society. In this study, I discuss poetics of resistance in depictions of women in their poetry. Additionally, I make a comparative analysis of their poetics.

The psychology of working theory (PWT) postulates that certain contextual and structural factors determine if individuals are able to obtain decent work, and that decent work, in turn, leads to work fulfilment and general well-being. The theory assumes that this is the case, as decent work satisfies three fundamental human needs: survival and power, social connection, and self-determination (as per the self-determination theory [SDT]). Only recently has a measure been developed to assess the satisfaction of these needs (Autin et al., under review), which means that the proposed role of need satisfaction as mediator in the link between decent work and work fulfilment/general well-being has not yet been tested empirically. This formed the objective of this study. The study employed a descriptive research design with a correlational approach. Working individuals residing in South Africa’s Western Cape province (N = 150) rated their work experiences on the decent work scale (DWS), work need satisfaction scale (WNSS), index of job satisfaction (IoJS) scale, and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). In this sample, adequate healthcare did not fall within the decent work concept. This might be because it is common for working South Africans, especially in lower income brackets, not to receive healthcare benefits, which would thus not be expected. The autonomy and relationship aspects of the SDT self-determination need formed one instead of two separate components. This may be a reflection of low levels of trust in low-income workers, which means that autonomy is only provided if there is a positive relationship. Decent work predicted work fulfilment and individuals’ well-being and, as expected, this relationship was mediated by the fulfilment of the hypothesised needs (survival and power, social connection, SDT relationship + autonomy, and SDT competence). The study thus indicates the applicability of the PWT in the South African context. Organisations should thus be encouraged to provide employees with decent work, as this, in turn, will likely increase employees’ work fulfilment and general wellbeing.

Fizička aktivnost u velikoj meri može pozitivno uticati na zdravstveni status i psihosocijalno stanje, pa je glavni cilj istraživanja bio usmeren na analizu fizičke aktivnosti predškolske dece. Teorijski deo rada obuhvata sve što je bitno za razumevanje postavljene teme, dok je empirijski deo podeljen na četiri dela. U prvom delu su izloženi rezultati dobijeni anketom i dnevnikom aktivnosti koje su popunjavali roditelji, a analizirana je dečja aktivnost radnim danima i vikendom. Drugi deo se odnosi na obim kretne aktivnosti dece tokom boravka u vrtiću, gde je statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno kakav je obim kretne aktivnosti dečaka i devojčica i od čega zavisi. U okviru plana i programa koji se sprovodi u predškolskoj ustanovi, predviđeno je da se upražnjavaju usmerene aktivnosti s motoričkim sadržajem, što je analizirano u trećem i četvrtom delu (trajanje, struktura i sadržaj aktivnosti, kao i motorička  angažovanost dece na aktivnostima).
Physical activity can have a positive impact on the health status and psychosocial condition; therefore the main aim of this research was focused on the analysis of physical activities of preschool children. The theoretical part of the study includes all important matters essential for understanding the subject, while the empirical part is divided into four sections. The first section presents the results obtained from a questionnaire and a diary of activities completed by parents, and it analyzes the children's activity on weekdays and weekends. The second section relates to the extent of motor activity of children during their stay in the kindergarten. The statistical analysis in this section shows the scope of motor activity of boys and girls and what it depends on. According to the plan implemented in preschool institution, it is expected to have directed activities with motor content. This part is analyzed in the third and fourth section (duration, structure and content of activities as well as motorinvolvement of children in activities).

Metotreksat kao antagonista folne kiseline ima široku upotrebu za lečenje brojnih maligniteta, primenjen u visokim dozama i u  kombinciji  sa leukovorinom. Iako  je  terapija  visokim  dozama  metotreksata drastično poboljšala  prognozu pacijenata sa malignitetom, teški neželjeni efekti terapije predstavljaju stalan klinički problem. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su određivanje serumske koncentracije metotreksata i izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih  parametara  metotreksata kod dece obolele od malignih  bolesti  koja su na terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata (2  g/m² i  5  g/m² ); ispitivanje postojanja uticaja primenjene doze metotreksata, demografskih i kliničkih karakteristika ispitanika  na koncentracije i farmakokinetičke parametare. Ispitivano je prisustvo i stepen kliničkih i laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti metotreksata, kao i uticaj primenjene  doze  metotreksata  i demografskih karakteristika ispitanika  na pojavu i stepen toksičnosti . U okviru retrospektivno - prospektivne  studije  ukjučeno  je  četrdeset  i dva pedijatrijska  pacijenta  uzrasta od  0,75 do 17,75 godina (medijana 5,75  godina). Svi pacijenti  su lečeni  u  Službi  za  hematologiju i  onkologiju  Instituta  za  zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine (Novi Sad, Srbija) u periodu od juna 2004. godine do juna 2012. godine. Trideset i osam ispitanika  je lečeno pod dijagnozom akutne limfoblastne leukemije  prema dva  uzastopna  protokola ALL IC - BFM 2002 i ALL IC - BFM 2009 Internacionalne  BFM studijske  grupe „I - BFM - SG“  (International Berlin -Frankfurt - Münster Study Group) za proučavanje i lečenje dečje non-B akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Četvoro je  imalo  dijagnozu non - Hodgkin limfoma  i bili su uključen i u  protokol NHL - BFM  95. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 113 ciklusa terapije metotreksatom (1– 4 ciklusa po pacijentu) sa 386 izmerenih serumskih koncentracija metotreksata. Raspon primenjenih doza metotreksata kretao se od 800 do 10.000 mg. Koncentracije metotreksata su merene 24, 36 i 42 sata nakon započinjanja infuzije metotreksata, a po potrebi i u dužim vremenskim intervalima. Za izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih parametara korišćen je dvokompartmanskih farmakokinetički  model posle obustavljanja  intravenske  infuzije,  gde  postoje relacije  za  farmakokinetičke  tačke. Podaci o kliničkim i laboratorijskim znacima toksičnosti metotreksata prikupljani su iz medicinske dokumentacije, a za stepenovanje toksičnosti korišćen je skor sistem - Common Terminology Criteria for  Adverse  Events (CTCAE), Version 4.0, U.S. Department  of  health  and  human services, National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute. U cilju utvrđivanju uticaja karakteristika ispitanika, primenjene doze i prisustva produžene eliminacije na posmatrane parametre, vršeno je poređenje tri grupe  pacijenata (doza 2 g/m² bez produžene eliminacije, 5 g/m² bez produžene liminacije i 5 g/m² sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata). Za celokupnu grupu ispitanika,  medijane  koncentracije metotreksta  bile  su 25,82 μmol/l u 24. satu, 0,68 μmol/l u 36. satu i 0,24 μmol/l u 42. satu merenja. Najizraženija interindividualna varijabilnost u koncentracijama metotreksata bila je u 42. satu merenja, dok je  intraindividualna varijabilnost bila najizraženija u 36. satu merenja. Medijana  klirensa   metotreksata   bila  je 8,32   l/h. Farmakokinetički parametri  redom bili su:  medijana  volumena  centralnog  kompartmana V₁ 28,47  l, medijane konstanti k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114. Najizraženiji uticaj primenjene doze na koncentracije metotreksata pokazan je u 24.  satu  merenja, dok uticaj doze na klirens  metotreksata nije  pokazan. Prisustvo produžene eliminacije metotreksata dovodi do smanjenih vrednosti konstanta k₁₀ i k₂₁. Nije pokazana statistički značajna  interakcija ispitivanih demografskih karakteristika (uzrast, telesna površina i pol)  i koncentracija metotreksata, kao ni klirensa metotreksata. Pokazana je značajna interakcija između koncentracija metotreksata i nivoa laktat dehidrogenaze, kao i klirensa metotreksata i nivoa kreatinina i laktat dehidrogenaze. Većina ispoljenih  toksičnosti bila je umerenog stepena (<3 stepena). Najzastupljeniji klinički znak toksičnosti bio je oralni mukozitis, koji je bio većeg stepena u grupi sa većom primenjenom dozom metotreksata  (5g/m²). Najzastupljeniji  laboratorijski toksični efekti  metotreksata bili su leukopenija i anemija. Najteži stepeni laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti (leukopenija, anemija, porast  AST,  ALT i GGT) nalazili su se u grupi sa većom dozom  (5 g/m²) i  sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata. Osnov  za  kliničko  vođenje  pacijenata  na  terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata je terapijsko praćenje leka (therapeutic drug monitoring – TDM) zbog velikih  interindividualnih i intraindividualnih  varijabilnosti  u  farmakokinetici  leka. Rutinsko praćenje koncentracija metotreksata važno je za identifikaciju pacijenata sa povećanim rizikom od razvoja toksičnosti ,  te  je TDM  standardna  praksa  za smernice spasavanja leukovorinom, naročito za pacijente za koje se zna da imaju smanjen   klirens metotreksata ili druge rizike povezane sa prolongiranim citotoksičnim koncentracijama (bubrežna ili jetrena oštećenja, kolekcije tečnosti u “trećem prostoru”, gastrointestinalna opstrukcija). Veliki  broj  istraživanja  kod pedijatrijskih pacijenata pokazao je vezu između sistemskog izlaganja metotreksatu i  efikasnosti  i  toksiĉnosti  metotreksata. Ipak, ne postoji dovoljno  informacija o farmakokinetici metotreksata kod dece obolele od akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Takođe, ova istraživanja nisu do sada sprovođena kod dece koja su lečena u našoj sredini.
Methotrexate  is  an  antifolate  drug  widely  used  for  treatment  of  various malignant  tumours.  It  is  used  at  high  doses  and  in  combination  with leucovorin rescue.  Although  high - dose  MTX  therapy  dramatically  improves  the  prognosis  of patients with malignancies, severe adverse events are constant clinical concern. The  aims  of  this  stydy  were  to  determine  the  serum  concentration  of  methotrexate  and  to  calculate  the  pharmacokinetic  parameters  of  methotrexate  in children  suffering  from  malignant  deseases  who  are  treated  with  high  doses  of metotrexate  (2  g/m² i  5  g/m² );  furthermore,  to  investigate  the  effects  of  the  applied doses of methotrexate, and demographic and clinical characteristics of the examinees on   the   concentration   and   pharmacokinetic   parameters   of   the   drug.   The   study investigated the   presence   and   the   degree   of   clinical   and   laboratory   signs   of metotrexate  toxicity,  as  well  as  the  effect  of  the  applied  doses,  and  demographic characteristics of the examinees on the appearance and the degree of toxicity. The retrospective - prospective study included 42  pediatric patients aged from 0.75  to  17.75  years  (median  5.75  years).  All  patients  were  threated  at  the  Children and Youth Health Care Institute of Vojvodina (Novi Sad, Serbia), Hemathology and Oncology  Section,  in  the  period  from  June  20 04  to  June  2012.  38  examinees diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated according to two subsequent protocols,  ALL  IC - BFM  2002  and  ALL  IC - BFM  2009  of  the  International  BFM study  group „I - BFM - SG“ (International Berlin - Frankfurt - Münster  Study  Group)  for management   of   childhood   non - B   acute   lymphoblastic   leukemia.   4   examinees diagnosed  as  non - Hodgkin  lymphoma  were  treated  according  to  the  NHL - BFM  95 protocol. The study included 113 cycles of therapy with methotrexate (1-4 cycles per patient)  with  3 86  measured  serum  concentrations  of  methotrexate.  The  range  of  the applied doses was between 800 and 10,000 mg. The  concentration  of  methotrexate  was  measured  24,  36  and  42  hours  after the initiation of the methotrexate infusion, as well as in longer time intervals when needed.  To  calculate  the  pharmacokinetic  parameters,  the  study  applied  the  two - compartment  pharmacokinetic  model  after  the  termination  of  intravenous  infusion, when  relations  for  pharmacokinetic  points  existed.  Data  on  clinical  and  laboratory signs of methotrexate toxicity were collected  from medical documentation, and the Common  Terminology  Criteria  for  Adverse  Events  (CTCAE),  Version  4.0,  U.S. Department  of  health  and  human  services,  National  Institute  of  Health,  National Cancer  Institute, was  used  as  the  score  system  for  toxicity  ranking.  In  order  to determine  the  effects  of  the examinees’  characteristics, applied  doses  and  the presence  of  prolonged  elimination on  the  parameters  of  interest,  three  groups  of patients were  compared (2 g/m² dose without prolonged elimination, 5 g/m² without prolonged elimination and 5 g/m² with prolonged elimination of methotrexate). In the  entire  group of  examinees, the median  concentration of methotrexate was  25.82 μmol/l in the 24th hour, 0.68 μmol/l in the 36th  hour  and 0.24 μmol/l in the 42nd hour of  observation. The largest inter - individual variability of methotrexate concentration  was  observed  in  the  24th  hour  while  the  largest  intra - individual variability  was  recorded  in  the  36th  hour  of  observation.  The  median  clearance  of methotrexate  was  8.32l/h.  Pharmacokinetic  parameters  were  the  following:  median volume  of  the  central  compartment V₁ 28.47  l,  median  constants k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114, respectively. The   strongest   influence   of   the   applied   dose   on   the   methotrexate concentration was recorded in the 24th hour of observation while no influence on the methotrexate  clearance  was  found.  The  presence  of  prolonged  elimination  of methotrexate   causes   lower  constants k₁₀ and   k₂₁. There   was   no   statistically significant  interaction  between  the  investigated  demographic  characteristics  (age, body  surface  and  gender)  and  the  methotrexate  concentration,  nor  between  the demographic   characteristics   and   the   methotrexate   clearance.   A   significant interaction was found between methotrexate concentration and lactat dehydrogenase level, as   well   as   between   methotrexate   clearance   and   creatinine   and   lactate dehydrogenase level, respectively. Most of the observed toxicities were of moderate degree (< 3 degrees). Oral mucositis  was  the  most  represented  clinical  sign  of  toxicity,  and  it  was  of  higher degree  in  the  group  where  the  applied  dose  of  methotrexate  was  higher  (5  g/m² ). Leucopenia  and  anemia  were  the  most  represented  laboratory  toxic  effects.  The most severe laboratory signs of toxicity  (leucopenia, anemia, increase in AST, ALT and  GGT  activity)  were  observed  in  the  group  with  the  higher  dose  (5  g/m² )  and prolonged methotrexate elimination. Due to high inter- and   intra-individual    variability  of  the drug pharmacokinetics,  the  basis  for  the  clinical  care  of  patients  on  high  methotrexate dosage  therapy  is  therapeutic  drug  monitoring – TDM.  Routine  monitoring  of methotrexate serum concentration is important for the identification of patients with a high  risk  of  toxicity,  and  thus  TDM  is  used  as  a  standard  procedure  which  provides guidelines  for  leucovorin  rescue,  particularly  for  patients  with  a  lower  methotrexate clearance or other risks associated with prolonged cytotoxic concent rations (kidney or liver  damage,  body  fluid  accumulation  in  the  “third  space”,  gastrointestinal obstruction). Numerous studies involving pediatric patients have documented the link between  a  systemic  methotrexate  exposure  on  one  hand,  and  the  efficiency  and toxicity of  ethotrexate on the other hand. However, there is no sufficient data on the methotrexate    pharmacokinetics   in   children   suffering   from   acute   lymphoblastic leukemia.   Moreover,   this   type   of   research,   involving   children   treated   in   the geographical region of this study, have not been conducted.

This article develops the historical process of the formation of the concept of decent work, its basic guidelines and as its content has been altered by the increasing globalization of the market and the globalization of labor rights. Finally, after analyzing the notion of decent work from different perspectives, the author focus on the cumulative perspective and develop its content.
El presente artículo desarrolla el procedimiento histórico de la formación del concepto de trabajo decente, sus lineamientos básicos y como su contenido se ha ido alterando por la creciente globalización del mercado y la universalización de los derechos laborales. Finalmente, después de haber analizado la noción de trabajo decente desde diferentes perspectivas, el autor se centrara en la perspectiva cumulativa y desarrollará su contenido.

The Canadian firm of Jacques & Hay was in business for fifty years, during which the company, if The Globe (Toronto) is to be believed, furnished the Province of Canada. This was a stunning and largely undocumented success. Jacques & Hay was one of the largest employers in the province and dominated the cabinet-making trade from 1835 to 1885. In 1871, Jacques & Hay employed 430 men and 50 women in a vertically-integrated operation that included a sawmill, two factories and a showroom. Jacques & Hay produced abundant furniture at reasonable prices. The availability of such household furnishings greatly enhanced domestic life in nineteenth-century Canada, providing scope for a more elaborate social life and allowing more people to achieve a greater sense of comfort and decency in their living arrangements.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "...in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Languages Spanish." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.

O conceito de Decent Work, proposto pela International Labour Organization, recebe a contribuição de várias disciplinas, como a psicologia, para a sua definição, aprofundamento e aplicabilidade. O objetivo deste estudo é a descrição e caracterização de indícios de Decent Work em anúncios de empregos para trabalhadores do conhecimento. A amostra é composta por 1000 anúncios de emprego. Os principais resultados demonstram que embora alguns Elementos Substantivos de Decent Work estejam geralmente presentes nos anúncios de emprego outros estão ausentes. Os três Elementos Substantivos totalmente ausentes são: “Safe Work”, “Work that should be abolished” e “Social and Economic Context”. Este estudo realça a importância da informação e transparência para uma futura relação de maturidade e confiança entre empregador e empregado. Realça ainda a importância de um compromisso aberto dos empregadores relativamente à oferta de trabalho que possa ser adjetivado como Decent Work. Muito se evidenciou estar por fazer a respeito disso; Abstract: The concept of Decent Work, proposed by the International Labour Organization, receives the contribution of several fields, such as psychology, for its definition, deepening and applicability. The purpose of this study is to describe and characterize Decent Work clues in job advertisements for knowledge workers. The sample consists in 1000 jobs. The main results demonstrate that although some Decent Work Substantive Elements are usually present in job advertisements, others are absent. The three totally missing Substantive Elements are: "Safe Work", "Work that should be abolished" and "Social and Economic Context". This study highlights the importance of information and transparency for a future relationship of maturity and trust between employer and employee. It also stresses the importance of an open commitment of employers on the job offer that can be termed Decent Work. Evidences suggest that much remains to be done.

The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) focuses specifically on the work-based experiences of low-income workers. It is thus a suitable theoretical framework to predict and explain the work experiences of individuals performing domestic work, one of the largest work sectors in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the theoretically derived predictors of decent work, in the PWT, could be empirically supported. Domestic workers, in Cape Town and Johannesburg, participated in a self-report survey (N = 139), which consisted of several measures. These participants were accessed through a variety of convenience and snowball sampling techniques. As expected, exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scales used to measure marginalisation, economic constraints, work volition and proactive personality were one-dimensional, and the decent work scale was fivedimensional (complementary values, access to health care, adequate compensation, free time and rest, and safe work conditions). Unexpectedly, the social support scale showed two dimensions (i.e. support from the community or friends and support from a special person or family). The findings supported the proposition that greater economic constraints were related to less decent work experiences, but marginalisation experiences were not related to the degree to which work was seen as decent, nor to work volition (mediator variable). The non-significant relationship between marginalisation, work volition and decent work changed when considering proactiveness as a moderator, however, this was only at low levels of proactiveness. None of the dimensions of social support served as moderators, though social support from the community or friends predicted work volition, and social support from a special person or family predicted the degree to which domestic workers experienced their work as decent. While there were mixed results, the findings of this study suggest that the PWT's antecedents and moderators may work differently in the domestic work sector. Future research should investigate this in the domestic work sector and other low-income samples.

Uzroci gubitka svesti su različiti i teško ih je diferencirati. Razlikovanja epileptičkih od neepileptičkih gubitaka svesti je od krucijalnog značaja za ispitivanje, lečenja i prognoze ovih poremećaja. Elektroencefalografija (EEG) je standardna, neinvazivna metoda koja se koristi u ispitivanju nakon gubitka svesti. Inicijalni EEG nalaz nakon prvog gubitka svesti može biti normalan, specifičan ili nespecifičan. Procenat patološkog EEG nalaza je veći kod rano urađenog EEG pregleda. Kod dece rani EEG pregled u roku od 48h ne pokazuje statistički značajne abnormalnosti. Spontanim spavanjem ili EEG pregledom nakon deprivacije spavanja se beleži značajno veća prisutnost epileptiformnih promena kod dece starije od 3 godine, čak i kada je prvi EEG u budnom stanju normalan. Kombinacijama pregleda u budnom stanju i spavanju povećava prisutnost patoloških promena u EEG zapisu. Materijal metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 198 dece uzrasta od 3-12 godine života nakon prvog gubitka svesti. Ispitanici su klasifikovani u dve grupe na osnovu otpusne dijagnoze: na grupu dece kod kojih dijagnoza epilepsije nije postavljena i na grupu dece kod kojih je dijagnoza epilepsije potvrđena. Korelirani su nalazi EEG-a u budnom stanju i spavanju (spontanom ili nakon deprivacije spavanja) sa anamnestičkim i kliničkim podacima o gubitku svesti, podacima o dužini trajanja gubitka svesti i vremena oporavka, vremenom kada je urađen prvi EEG u odnosu na gubitak svesti kao i sa podacima o ličnoj i porodičnoj anamnezi, a koji su navedeni u protokolu istraživanja. Ispitanici su potom podeljeni prema uzrastu u pet grupa u intervalima od 2 godine (3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10; 11-12). Rezultati: Nakon prvog gubitka svesti specifičan (epileptiformni) nalaz EEG u budnom stanju imalo je 41,97% ispitanika, a 58,03% je imalo nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju, dok je specifičan nalaz EEG u spavanju imalo je 73,57% ispitanika, a 26,43% je imalo nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u spavanju. Ispitanici koji su imali specifičan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju imali su i specifičan nalaz u spavanju, a 45,07%, nakon deprivacije sna. Ispitanici koji su u budnom stanju imali nespecifičan ili uredan EEG nalaz u budnom stanju su u 35,92% nakon deprvacije spavanja imali specifičan EEG nalaz u spavanju, za razliku od 1,41% dece koji su imali specifičan EEG nalaz u spontanom spavanju. Sumarno gledano bolesnici koji su “aktivirani” odnosno oni kod kojih je deprivacija spavanja uticala na dobijanje specifičnog nalaza (epileptiformnih pormena) u spavanju čine 37.32% od svih ispitanika sa specifičnim (epileptiformnim) promenama u EEG-u u spavanju Zaključak: Kod većine pacijenata nakon prvog gubitka svesti EEG nalaz u budnom stanju je bio nespecifičan ili uredan. Procenat specifičnih EEG nalaza (epileptiformnih promena) se značajno povećao prilikom snimanja EEG u spavanju. Naročito velika korist od deprivacije spavanja kao metode aktivacije potvrđena kod onih pacijenata koji su imali inicijalni EEG u budnom stanju uredan ili nespecifičan. Dobijeni rezultati nesumljivo ukazuju na efikasnost deprivacije spavanja kao provokacione metode i povećanja procenta interiktalnihepileptiformnih EEG promena. Neprovociranih prvi gubitci svesti su se češće javljali u grupi dece kod kojih je dijagnoza epilepsije potvrđena, dok su se provocirani gubitci svesti javljali češće u grupi dece kod kojih dijagnoza epilepsije nije postavljena. Uzrast dece nije uticao na postavljanje dijagnoze epilepsije kao ni na inicijalne nalaze EEGa u budnom stanju i spavanju ali se registrovalo povećanje specifičnih nalaza (epileptiformnih promena) EEG-a, nakon deprivacije spavanja , sa porastom godina života.
The reasons for the loss of consciousness are various and difficult to be differentiated. It is of utmost importance to differentiate between epileptic and non-epileptic losses of consciousness for the purpose of testing, treating and giving prognosis related to this disorder. Electroencephalography (EEG) is a standard, non-invasive method used in testing after the loss of consciousness. The initial EEG after the first loss of consciousness can be normal, specific and non-specific. The percentage of pathological EEG findings is higher in EEG exams performed at an earlier stage. In children, an early EEG exam within 48 hours does not reveal any statistically relevant abnormalities. Spontaneous sleeping or an EEG examination after sleep deprivation leads to a significantly higher number of epileptiform changes in children above the age of 3, even in cases when the first EEG in the awake state was normal. Combinations of examinations in the awake state and during sleep lead to an increased presence of pathological changes in the EEG recording. Material and methods: The research included 198 children aged 3-12 who have experienced their first loss of consciousness. The subjects were classified into two groups, based on their discharge diagnosis: children who have not been diagnosed with epilepsy and children who have had epilepsy confirmed. A correlation was established between EEG findings in the awake state and sleep (spontaneous or following sleep deprivation) and medical history and clinical data related to the loss of consciousness, the information about the length of the loss of consciousness and recovery time, the time when the first EEG examination was performed in relation to the loss of consciousness, as well as the data from the personal and family history. The subjects were further divided into five groups, depending on their age, with each group covering a 2-year period (3-4; 5-6; 7-8; 9-10; 11-12). Results: Following the first loss of consciousness, specific (epileptiform) EEG findings were noticed in 41.97% subjects, while 58.03% of them had non-specific, i.e. regular findings in the awake state. When it comes to the findings during sleep, 73,57% were specific, while 26,43% were non-specific, i.e. regular. The subjects who had specific EEG findings in the awake state also had specific findings during sleep, while that percentage was 45,07% after sleep deprivation. The subjects who had non-specific, i.e. regular EEG findings in the awake state had specific EEG findings during sleep in 35.92% of the cases following sleep deprivation, while 1.41% of the children had specific EEG findings during spontaneous sleep. In total, the patients who were “activated”, i.e. those whose sleep deprivation contributed to specific findings (epileptiform changes) during sleep comprise 37.32% of all subjects with specific (epileptiform) changes in the EEG findings during sleep. Conclusion: In most patients suffering from the first loss of consciousness the EEG findings were non-specific, i.e. regular. The percentage of specific EEG findings (epileptiform changes) was significantly increased when the EEG examination was performed during sleep. Sleep deprivation, as an activation method, was particularly useful in patients whose initial EEG findings in the awake state were regular, i.e. non-specific. The results obtained undoubtedly confirm the efficiency of sleep deprivation as a provoking method and the increase of the percentage of interictal epileptiform EEG changes. Unprovoked first losses of consciousness were more common in the group of children who have had the diagnosis of epilepsy confirmed, while provoked losses of consciousness were more common in the group of children who have not been diagnosed with epilepsy. The age of children did not affect the process of establishing a diagnosis of epilepsy, nor did it affect the initial EEG findings in the awake state or during sleep, but it was observed that the number of specific EEG findings (epileptiform changes) following sleep deprivation increased with the increase of the age of the patients.

The study explores a set of genre-hybrid reviews, 1999-2001, characterised by a standpoint of ecological rationality, and produced by a professional writer for a professional environmental management organisation. The interaction between such managers has not been studied before in terms of professional communication and was delineated as a new field of enquiry. The issues of tact and Face were important for this organisational community, which shared characteristics of contact communities and Communities of Practice. Methods used derive from studies of text in context, and organisational communication. The assembly of theoretical material is one outcome of the study, which tackled three questions: 1 To assess in what way the reviews made a contribution to the organisation, Weick's equivoque and the notion of the Fractal were combined to explain the text as an active organ for collaborative organisational learning and knowledge management. Thereby the texts are presumed to have contributed to the organisation's goal to enhance knowledge and practice in environmental management among managers drawn from diverse intellectual backgrounds. 2 To address the question of the technical characteristics of the reviews, narrative polyphony concepts provided suspension dialogia, which complemented the notion of translation suspension. 3 To address how the reviewer had managed to reproduce organisational patterns despite his inconsistent moral standpoint, the search for a theoretical position travelled through code-switching, pragmatics and translation, emerging with a concept similar to intersemiosis, labelled 'codehandling'. The combination of questions produced complex answers. Translation constructs, such as dynamic equivalence, increasingly emerged as productive and suitable to complement emerging endogenous approaches in environmental management literature. The genre-hybrid is argued to have altered the social function of the review. In prioritising interaction, it put at risk the organisation's strategic tact 10 structure. Nevertheless, the reviewer managed the risk within acceptable limits and produced popular and successful reviews.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Humanities, 2004.

This study examined the nature of deceptive vocal behavior in interactive situations. It compared those vocal features of deception that can be measured by acoustic equipment with those vocal features of deception that can be measured perceptually by human coders. As deception researchers traditionally measure vocal behavior with either acoustic or perceptual methods, it is uncertain what correspondence, if any, exists between these two methods. This study attempted to determine this correspondence. Deceptive interactions from an earlier study (Buller, Burgoon, Buslig & Roiger, 1993; Burgoon, Buller, Ebesu, White, and Rockwell, 1994) were used to conduct a detailed analysis of vocal features of deceptive speech. The vocal samples were analyzed perceptually and acoustically. Results indicated moderate correlations between some acoustic and perceptual variables, with neither measurement type proving conclusively superior to the other in discriminating between truth and deception. Of three categories examined (time, pitch, and intensity), the time variables of shorter message length, longer response latencies, slower tempo, and less fluency best discriminated between truthful and deceptive statements. Other variables that discriminated truth from deceit were increased intensity range, increased pitch level and variance, and less pleasant vocal quality. Analyses of deception type showed that fabricated deceptions were louder and lower pitched than equivocal deceptions. An analysis of deception planning, showed that planned deceptions exhibited more fluency, a lower pitch level, and less pitch variance than unplanned deceptions. An examination of correlations between deceiver/receiver evaluations of deceiver honesty and deceiver vocal behaviors showed moderate correlations occurred between these evaluations and length of response latencies, pitch level, pitch range, and pitch variance. In general, these findings provide further confirmation of Interpersonal Deception Theory.

This thesis examines the use of computer-mediated communication for lie-detection and interpersonal deceit. The literature within the fields of lie-detection and mediated communication are reviewed and it is proposed that there is a lack of knowledge surrounding how people use CMC to deceive one another. Qualitative research was carried out in order to address this shortcoming, exploring the self-reported experiences of chat room users who have been exposed to online deceit. Reports were provided that describe the misrepresentation of age, gender, vocation, affection, and appearance. The importance of stereotypes in driving suspicions is also emphasised within the reports. It is suggested that this key characteristic has more dominance in CMC than it would do face-to-face because of the occlusion of the traditional nonstrategic clues to deceit. Evidence for an alternative set of nonstrategic leakage clues was examined further by conducting a variant of the Guilty-Knowledge test within the context of a CMC based crime. It was found that participants exhibited a response time inhibition effect when presented with 'guilty knowledge' and that this effect was detectable through a standard two-button mouse. The use of such nonstrategic cues to deceit was explored further in a study that examined how CMC might be used to add additional control to a Statement Validity Assessment truth-validation test. It was found that the content analysis technique used by SVA was unable in its present form to correctly distinguish between truthful and fabricated statements of participants interviewed using a CMC chat program. In addition, it was found that the deletion-behaviours of participants fabricating a story within CMC provided no quantitative or qualitative evidence that they were lying.

The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT; Duffy, Blustein, Diemer, & Autin, 2016) was recently proposed as an empirically testable approach to understanding the work processes of those for whom work decisions are influenced by contextual factors and who engage in work for reasons other than satisfaction. In the present study of 285 adults, I investigated the relationships between marginalization, economic resources, work volition, career adaptability, and decent work. I found that work volition, career adaptability, and economic resources all uniquely predicted decent work. I also found that greater economic resources and lower marginalization predicted greater work volition. Economic resources and marginalization have a significant negative correlation, and work volition significantly predicted career adaptability. I failed to support the hypotheses that greater marginalization would predict lower decent work experiences when accounting for other variables and that greater economic resources and lower marginalization would predict greater career adaptability. I identified two alternative models for the data. A model with only work volition and career adaptability predicting decent work provided an adequate fit. A model with only work volition predicting career adaptability provided mixed results. This study provides empirical support for the initial propositions of the PWT, provides further evidence for the importance of contextual variables in work experiences, and identifies several key factors that lead individuals to attain a decent work experience.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação trata sobre as modificações que o trabalho vem sofrendo a partir do processo de reestruturação produtiva praticado no Brasil desde a década de 1990, visando compreender melhor as alterações em curso, especialmente no que se refere às novas gestões empresariais baseadas em processos. Neste sentido, buscou conhecer a gestão por processos e sua relação com a organização do trabalho, tomando como exemplo uma empresa do setor elétrico brasileiro. Ressalta-se que tal modelo de gestão teve início, no setor, em 2012, com a reorganização da estrutura empresarial, desde a área de negócios até a gestão de recursos humanos. A pesquisa buscou analisar, também, a chamada reestatização do setor elétrico, associada a um movimento de aceleração do crescimento incrementada por exigências de competências e adventos tecnológicos, dada a sua posição estratégica para a economia e o acesso à energia pelos brasileiros. Da mesma forma, objetivou investigar a mobilidade gerada pelo modelo de gestão de processos, imposta aos trabalhadores, enquanto possibilidade de trabalho precário ou trabalho decente. A abordagem teórico-metodológica adotada pautou-se no conceito de trabalho decente como o direito a ter trabalho e de mantê-lo com dignidade e proteção social, tomando-se o trabalho precário como contraposição ao trabalho decente, isto é, como aquele que promove a redução ou suspensão dos direitos. Para tanto, foram realizados contatos com os gestores e com os trabalhadores da empresa estudada, de forma a se compreender a possibilidade de existência do trabalho decente em meio a uma mudança nos padrões de produção e organização do trabalho, onde a palavra de ordem é otimização, uma vez que a implementação da gestão por processos significa a possibilidade de tornar a empresa mais competitiva no mercado, através da otimização de custos e consequente aumento da eficiência na produção de energia elétrica. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que a empresa vem operando profundas modificações para atender às exigências do mercado, de forma ágil. Com isso, verificou-se uma diminuição considerável de gastos, principalmente na área de pessoal, com promoção de cortes no orçamento, desenvolvendo, dessa forma, um plano de incentivo à demissão de funcionários terceirizados, o que torna o trabalho decente uma possibilidade ainda distante de se realizar.
This dissertation discusses the changes that work has suffered since the restructuring process practiced in Brazil since the 1990s, intending to understand better the transformations underway, especially those which are related to new corporate managements based processes. The research sought to understand business process management and its relation to the organization of work, through the case study of a Brazilian public electrical company. It is worth emphasizing that this management model started in this sector in 2012 with the reorganization of the company structure, from the business departments to human resource management. The research also sought to analyze the so-called renationalization of the electricity sector associated with accelerating growth by increased demands for skills and technological advances, due to the strategic position of the economy and the access to energy for Brazilians. Equally, we aimed to investigate the mobility generated by this business process management model, imposed on work, and on those who only need their work to survive, through precarious or decent work. The methodological approach adopted was based on the concept of decent work as the right to work with dignity and social protection, seeing precarious work as the opposite of decent work, in other words, as one that promotes the reduction or suspension of rights. With this objective contacts were made with the managers and workers of the company studied in order to understand the possible existence of decent work during the changes in patterns of production and organization of work, where the buzzword is optimization, as the implementation of process management means the ability to make the company more competitive in the market, by optimizing costs and consequently increasing efficiency in electricity production. The research results indicated that the company carries out profound transformations in order to attend to market requirements in an agile way. With this, a considerable decrease in spending mainly in personnel was clear, with promotion of spending cuts, developing, a plan which incentivized the redundancy of outsourced workers, making decent work a distant dream to be achieved.

N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is one of the most effective and commonly used mosquito repellents. However, during laboratory trials a small proportion of mosquitoes are still attracted by human odours despite the presence of DEET. In this study behavioural assays identified Aedes aegypti females that were insensitive to DEET. The selection of either sensitive or insensitive groups of females with males of unknown sensitivity over several generations resulted in two populations with different proportions of insensitive females. Crossing experiments showed the ‘DEET-insensitivity’ trait to be dominant. In addition to the finding of heritable DEET-insensitivity, unselected culture mosquitoes were shown to change their sensitivity to DEET after brief pre-exposure to the repellent. Female mosquitoes that were sensitive to DEET when first tested became insensitive when retested. Electroantennography showed that mosquitoes that were insensitive to DEET had a reduced response to DEET compared with mosquitoes that were sensitive to it. This was the case both for culture mosquitoes displaying insensitivity to DEET after brief pre-exposure to it, and for the sensitive and insensitive lines selected for several generations. Single sensillum recordings of the selected lines identified DEET-sensitive sensilla in the sensitive line that did not respond to DEET in the insensitive line. This study suggests that behavioural insensitivity to DEET in Ae. aegypti is a genetically determined dominant trait, which can also be temporarily induced by pre-exposure, and resides in changes in sensillum function. These results highlight the necessity for careful monitoring of DEET-insensitivity in the field, and caution when designing laboratory methods for repellency assays.

Synchronisation deals with the distribution of time and/or frequency across a network of nodes dispersed in an area, in order to align their clocks with respect to time and/or frequency. It remains an important requirement in telecommunication networks, especially in Time Division Duplexing (TDD) systems such as Ultra Wideband (UWB) and Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) systems. This thesis explores three di erent research areas related to clock synchronisation in communication networks; namely algorithm development and implementation, managing Packet Delay Variation (PDV), and coping with the failure of a master node. The first area proposes a higher-layer synchronisation algorithm in order to meet the specific requirements of a UWB network that is based on the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) standard. At up to 480 Mbps data rate, UWB is an attractive technology for multimedia streaming. Higher-layer synchronisation is needed in order to facilitate synchronised playback at the receivers and prevent distortion, but no algorithm is de ned in the ECMA-368 standard. In this research area, a higher-layer synchronisation algorithm is developed for an ECMA-368 UWB network. Network simulations and FPGA implementation are used to show that the new algorithm satis es the requirements of the network. The next research area looks at how PDV can be managed when Precision Time Protocol (PTP) is implemented in an existing Ethernet network. Existing literature indicates that the performance of a PDV ltering algorithm usually depends on the delay pro le of the network in which it is applied. In this research area, a new sample-mode PDV filter is proposed which is independent of the shape of the delay profile. Numerical simulations show that the sample-mode filtering algorithm is able to match or out-perform the existing sample minimum, mean, and maximum filters, at differentlevels of network load. Finally, the thesis considers the problem of dealing with master failures in a PTP network for a DECT audio application. It describes the existing master redundancy techniques and shows why they are unsuitable for the specific application. Then a new alternate master cluster technique is proposed along with an alternative BMCA to suit the application under consideration. Network simulations are used to show how this technique leads to a reduction in the total time to recover from a master failure.

UVOD: Blastocistis hominis (Bh) je najrasprostranjeniji protist na našoj planeti, ali pri tome najkontraverzniji. Infekcija Bh počinje ingestijom hrane ili tečnosti koja je kontaminirana cističnom formom Bh. Nakon gutanja, iz ciste se razvijaju u debelom crevu čoveka vakuolarne forme protista. Fekalno - oralni prenos je najčešći put širenja infekcije. Oboljenje koje Bh izaziva kod ljudi naziva se blastocistoza. Najčešće inficirani imaju gastrointestinalne tegobe, pre svega bol u trbuhu i proliv. Blastocistoza se danas povezuje sa dva klinička entiteta koji predstavljaju poremećaj rada creva, odnosno sindromom iritabilnog creva i hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva (HIBC). CILJ RADA I HIPOTEZE: Predmet istraživanja je da se utvrdi povezanost prisustva infekcije Blastocistis hominisom i postojanja zapaljenja sluzokože debelog creva (kolitisa) kod dece sa gastrointestinalnim tegobama, zatim da se utvrdi udeo dece sa posebnom formom kolitisa, hroničnom inflamatornom bolesti creva, među inficiranim Blastocistis hominisom, a da bi se omogućilo bolje razumevanje blastocistoze kod dece. Osnovne hipoteze u istraživanju su statistički značajno veća učestalost pojave kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece uzrasta od 1 meseca do 18 godina, hospitalizovane zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva koji su inficirani Blastocistis hominisom, kao i statistički značajno veća učestalost kolitisa u odnosu na hroničnu inflamatornu bolest creva u istom uzorku. MATERIJAL I METODE: Prospektivnim ispitivanjem su obuhvaćeni pedijatrijski bolesnici, hospitalizovani na Odeljenju za gastroenterologiju, hepatologiju i ishranu, Instituta za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine, zbog bola u trbuhu i/ili proliva, iz čije stolice je dokazan Blastocistis hominis. U toku ispitivanja primenjene su standardne metode uzimanja anamneza od bolesnika, fizički pregledi, odgovarajuće standardne laboratorijske analize krvi i stolice, ultrazvučni pregled abdomena, kolonoskopija i patohistološki pregled biopsija debelog creva. Svi bolesnici su lečeni metronidazolom u trajanju 10 dana, prema važećim terapijskim protokolima. REZULTATI: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 102 bolesnika, koji su an osnovu patohistološkog nalaza podeljeni u tri grupe: 1. Grupa (bolesnici koji nemaju kolitis, obuhvatila je 4 bolesnika (4.4%)), 2. Grupa – (bolesnici koji imaju nespecifični kolitis, obuhvatila je 56 bolesnika (56.55%)) i 3. Grupa –(bolesnici koji imaju hroničnu inflamatornu bolest, obuhvatila je 42 bolesnika (42.41%)). Među ispitanicima je bio podjednak broj dece muškog i ženskog pola, odnosno 51 dečak i 51 devojčica. Uzrast ispitanika koji imaju infekciju Blastocistisom hominisom se kretao u interval od 11 meseci do 17 godina i 7 meseci. Medijana je iznosila 12.54 godine, a prosečna starost 11.25 godine. Blastocistoza nema sezonski karakter (χ2=0.667; df=3; p=0,881). Značajno više inficiranih Blastocistis hominisom živelo u kući, nego u stanu i posedovalo domaće životinje i/ili kućne ljubimce, ali ne postojanje odgovarajućih higijenskih uslova, kanalizacije i vodovoda nije prediktivni faktor za razvoj infekcije Blastocistis hominisom, kao ni pohađanje kolektiva ili život u ruralnom sredinama. Stariji uzrast deteta (p=0,020) i život u kući (p = 0,033) su prediktivni faktori za pojavu hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece sa kolitisom. Deca sa blastocistozom su imala antropometrijske parametre u granicama normale.Ispitanici najčešće bili primljeni u bolnicu pod djagnozom gastroenterokolitisa, zbog proliva i bola u trbuhu, a da prisustvo gastrointestinalnih tegoba i prisustvo opštih znakova infekcije nisu jedan od sigurnih kliničkih značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom. Prisustvo patoloških primesa u stolici nije jedan od sigurnih klinički značajnih znakova infekcije Blastocistis hominisom.Na osnovu laboratorijskog, kliničkog i endoskopskog skora za aktivnost HIBC većina bolesnika je imala umerenu aktivnost.Inficirani sa Bh imaju najčešće C-reaktivni protein u okvirima refentnih vrednosti, izuzev ukoliko nemaju i HIBC. Povišena sedimentacija eritrocita je karakteristična za bolesnike sa HIBC. Oboleli od blastocistoze imaju najčesce imunoglobulin A, leukocite, neutrofile i eozinofile u krvi u referentnim granicama.Vrednosti feremije upućuju da je većina ispitanika bila anemična, a naročito deca koja su imala i infekciju sa Bh i HIBC. Kod bolesnika sa blastocistozom, postojanje pozitivnog testa na okultnu krv u stolici, treba da pobudi sumnju na udruženu HIBC. Ispitanici sa infekcijom Bh i sa HIBC su imali najčešće kvantitativno veći broj Bh u stolici. Mezenterajalni limfadenitis i splenomegalija su nespecifični ultrazvučni nalaz kod inficiranih sa Bh, iako su bili najčešće opisane patološke promene na ultrazvuku abdomena. Zaključujemo da su ispitanici najčešće imali nespecifične endoskopske promene i patohistološke promene u debelom crevu. Metronidazol je bezbedan i efikasan, u dozi 15-50 mg/kg/dan, u trajanju od 10 dana, u terapiji infekcije sa Bh kod dece. ZAKLJUČAK: Deca inficirana sa Bh imaju najčešće colitis od patoloških promena na debelom crevu, bez značajne razlike između nespecifičnog kolitisa i HIBC. Značajno manje inficiranih sa Bh ima uredan kolonoskopski nalaz.Utvrđivanja značaja Blastocistis hominisa u nastanku kolitisa i hronične inflamatorne bolesti creva kod dece, doprinosi prihvatanju Blastocistisa hominisa kao patogena i ukazuje na nephodnost njegovog lečenja.
INTRODUCTION: Blastocystis hominis (Bh) is the most outspread protist on our planet, but also the most controversial. Infection Bh starts by digestion of the eaten food or liquid which has been contained by a cyst form Bh. After swallowing, from the cyst they grow (progress) in the colon of the human, with a vacuolar form of a protest. Oral transmission is the most common way of spreading the infection. The disease caused by Bh on humans is called blastocystisis. In most cases the infected humans have gastrointestinal complaints, the most common are abdominal pain and diarrhea. Blastocystis is nowadays connected to two clinical disease, the irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). THE AIM AND HYPOTHESESS: The subject of research is to establish the connection between the presence of the infection Bh and the existence of mucosal inflammation of the colon in children with gastrointestinal complaints, as well as to establish the group of the children with a special form of colitis, inflammatory bowel disease and the ones infected by Bh, wich would insure better understanding of the blastocystosis in children. The basic hypothesis in the study were statistically significantly higher incidence of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children aged 1 month to 18 years, hospitalized for abdominal pain and/or diarrhea who are infected Bh, as well as significantly higher incidence of colitis compared in chronic inflammatory bowel disease in the same sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective study included pediatric patients with abdominal pain and/or diarrhea, and stool positive on Bh, that have been hospitalized on the Department for gastroenterology, hepatology and nutrition, in the Institution for Health Care of Children and Youth in Vojvodina. The standard testing methods were used: anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory analysis of blood and stool, ultrasound examination of the abdomen, colonoscopy and histopathological examination of the biopsy of the colon. All patients have been treated with metronidazole for 10 days, according to the applicable protocols. RESULTS: The study included 102 patients, which are divided into three groups : 1. group (patients that have no colitis, included 4 patients (4.4%)), 2. group (patients with unspecified colitis, included 56 patients (56.55%)) and 3. group (patients with inflammatory bowel disease, included 42 patients (42.41%)). Among them, there was an equal number of children that were male and female, 51 boys and 51 girls. Age of respondents who have Bh infection ranged from 11 months to 17 years and 7 months. The median is 12.54 years, and the average age of 11.25 years. Blastocistosis no have seasonal character (χ2 = 0.667, df = 3, p = 0.881). Significantly more infected Blastocistis hominid lived in the house, but in an apartment owned and domestic animals and / or pets,yet the existence of appropriate hygiene, sanitation and water supply is not a predictive factor for the development of infection Bh, as well as attending the collective or life in rural areas . The older child's age (p = 0.020) and life at home (p = 0.033) were predictive factors for development of inflammatory bowel disease in children with colitis. Children with blastocistosis had anthropometric parameters within normal limits. Respondents most frequently been admitted to hospital under diagnosis gastroenteritis due to diarrhea and abdominal pain, and that the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms and general signs of infection are not a significant clinical signs of infection Bh. The presence of pathological findings in stool is not one of reliable signs of clinically infection Bh. Based on laboratory findings, clinical and endoscopic activity score for IBD most patients had moderate activity of desease. Children with Bh infection usually have normal C-reactive protein in terms of value, unless if have IBD. Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate is characteristic of patients with IBD. Children with blastocistosis usually have normal level of Immunoglobulin A, leukocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. Serum iron indicate that most subject were anemic, especially children who have had an infection with the Bh and IBD.Children with blastocistosis, the existence of a positive test for occult blood in the stool, should arouse suspicion of association IBD. Subject with IBD had mostly quantitatively greater number of Bh in the stool. Mesenterial lymphadenitis and splenomegaly are non-specific ultrasound findings in infected with Bh, although they were usually described pathological changes in abdominal ultrasound. This is to conclude that the subject usually had colitis and IBD changes in endoscopic and histopathological changes in the colon. Metronidazole has beem proved safe and effective, at 15-50 mg/ kg/day for 10 days in the treatment of infections in children with Bh. CONCLUSION: Children infected with Bh colitis usually have pathological changes in the large intestine, with no significant difference between the non-specific colitis and inflammatory bowel disease. Significantly less infected with Bh has a normal colonoscopy findings. Confirmed the importance of Bh in the development of chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in children, increase public acceptance Blastocistisa hominis as pathogens and points to the necessity of treatment.

DECT is a cordless telephone standard whose applications are broadening with the advent of PCS services, wireless local loop (WLL), and the increasing demand for high data-rate wireless local area networks (WLANs). This thesis investigates the performance of DECT in different channel conditions. DECT is simulated using the Signal Processing WorkSystem (SPW) software in different channels including the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, the flat faded Rayleigh channel, the frequency selective faded Rayleigh channel, and the Ricean channel. The effect of cochannel and adjacent channel interference is also investigated. In order to quantify the RF channel dispersive properties, and other parameters that determine performance in a radio channel, channel impulse response measurements at 1.9 GHz are made. Parameters that help describe the radio channel are identified and calculated from the recorded power delay profile measurements. Finally, a mean-opinion-score (MOS) rating was performed for National Semiconductor Corporation's implementation of DECT in the indoor, indoor-to- outdoor, and outdoor environments. A comparison is made between the MOS and propagation measurements. It is found that the performance of DECT is very closely related to the RMS delay spread and the path loss in the RF channel.
Master of Science

John Rawls’s international theory, The Law of Peoples, has been read and criticized as “A Theory of International Justice”. His major objective, however, is not the establishment of a just (liberal) world order, but to guide liberal societies towards a reasonable peaceful, stable and just international system. From this starting point, the thesis assesses whether Rawls’s international theory can meet its task to function as a guideline for the promotion of international peace, stability and justice and how that peace might be conceived. The author argues that Rawls sketches the path to a “decent peace”. The scrutiny of the issue takes the form of an in-depth analysis and discussion of The Law of Peoples and a systematic investigation of a number of cases. The dissertation examines the possible contribution of Rawls’s ideas, primarily the Society of Peoples and the principles of the Law of Peoples, to international peace, stability and justice. As the focus lies on decent regimes and a decent peace, three actual decent societies are identified (Oman, Qatar and Singapore), in order to highlight the applicability of the notion to the international system, as well as to ensure that decent regimes are not mere constructions serving to justify imposing liberal principles of non-liberal regimes. The dissertation finally investigates the enlargement of the democratic peace thesis towards a decent peace; it discusses the arguments for a democratic peace and applies them to Rawls’s conception of decent peoples as well as to the identified regimes. It concludes asserting that the decent peace thesis is theoretically wellfounded, whereas the empirical evidence is – due to only three identified regimes – rather weak. As a guideline for the foreign policy of liberal (and decent) societies The Law of Peoples can contribute to more stability and justice in the international realm and promote a decent peace.

The Decem Libri Historiarum of Gregory of Tours, our only coherent narrative source for the latter half of the sixth century in Gaul, has been the subject of much lively scholarly debate as to its reliability and original purpose. Literary approaches have proved useful; however, the findings of gender studies, applied so fruitfully in many other areas of historical research, have thus far had virtually no impact on the study of Gregory's work. For the first time, this thesis examines the role of gender in the DLH. Just as gender assumptions were vital to the thought world of the writers of the books of the Old Testament, so too they were vital to Gregory, who took these books as his main inspiration. It will be shown that gender can offer a fresh and vital perspective on some of the most contentious issues associated with the DLH, taking us closer than ever to a full appreciation of Gregory's objectives. In exposing Gregory's literary devices and strategies, this study goes beyond Gregory's viewpoint, with implications for the study of kingship, and particularly queenship, in the sixth century. It will be shown that competing norms of elite masculine and feminine behaviour were in flux over the period, and required careful negotiation. This study also has repercussions for gender studies more widely. In demonstrating the usefulness of gender approaches in analysing a text to which such approaches have never before been applied, the thesis indicates that gender must be considered an essential analytical tool in historical research.

Doutoramento em Psicologia
Detecting deceit is still a difficult task, despite researchers’ efforts to improve lie detection techniques. Several theories and techniques have been developed and tested. We begin this thesis with a general literature review of lie detection research, where the reasons to why people lie are outlined, as well as possible explanations to the difficulty of the lie detection processes. Then, we discuss multidisciplinary lie detection techniques based on verbal, non-verbal and psychophysiological cues. We end Chapter 1 with a more extensive review on cognitive-based lie detection techniques since multiple research suggests that lying is mentally more taxing than telling the truth. Scholars have been working on lie detection tools that can magnify the differences between liars and truth tellers by manipulating their mental state. Because liars are already in a vulnerable position due to lying, a request that increases their mental load may result in more cues of cognitive effort in liars than in truth tellers. These theories were the starting point for the empirical studies described in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, which aimed to overcome some of the problems than hamper lie detection. Chapter 2 describes a study where a Computerised Emotional Stroop Task (CEST) was used as a secondary task to impose cognitive load. The CEST was based on the orienting reflexes that guilty suspects seem to experience towards recognised information. Differences between liars and truth tellers emerged concerning some speech cues regardless of the condition (information-gathering interview or information-gathering interview and CEST). Results also suggested that the CEST imposed similar levels of cognitive load both in liars and truth tellers. Thus, researchers should be careful with the method used to increase cognitive load as it may affect all the interviewees. Chapter 3 consists of a study that involved elements from a Portuguese security force (GNR) whose task was to judge the veracity of statements collected during the study described in Chapter 2. In this study, we aimed to analyse the accuracy rate of the elements of GNR in discriminating liars and truth tellers during both interviewing conditions and to analyse the cues they rely on to make a judgment. Results suggested that observers tended to make veracity judgments based on emotional states such as nervousness, which can explain the low accuracy rate obtained. The study on Chapter 4 analysed the effects of social anxiety as an interpersonal difference in the cues elicited by lie detection processes. Interviewees with different levels of social anxiety lied or told the truth, and the results showed differences between liars and truth tellers socially and non-socially anxious. The main conclusion was that professionals should assess social anxiety before conducting lie detection interviews. Finally, in Chapter 5 we summarise the current studies and present their main conclusions and practical utilities. We discuss some common limitations on lie detection research and what can be done to improve it, also presenting a research line for future studies in the area.
Várias teorias e técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas e testadas para melhorar a deteção do engano. Iniciamos esta tese com uma revisão geral da literatura existente sobre deteção de mentiras, onde são abordadas as razões pelas quais as pessoas mentem, bem como possíveis explicações para a dificuldade destes processos. De seguida discutimos técnicas multidisciplinares de deteção de mentiras baseadas em pistas verbais, não-verbais e psicofisiológicas. Terminamos o Capítulo 1 com uma revisão mais ampla sobre técnicas de deteção de mentiras baseadas numa abordagem cognitiva, uma vez que mentir é geralmente mais exigente cognitivamente do que dizer a verdade. Investigadores têm desenvolvido ferramentas de deteção de mentiras que ampliem as diferenças entre mentirosos e inocentes, manipulando o seu estado mental. Uma vez que os mentirosos já estão numa posição vulnerável devido a estarem a mentir, uma tarefa que aumente sua carga mental pode resultar em mais pistas de esforço cognitivo nos mentirosos do que nos inocentes. Estas teorias foram o ponto de partida para os estudos empíricos descritos nos Capítulos 2, 3 e 4, que visaram superar alguns dos problemas que dificultam a deteção de mentiras. O Capítulo 2 descreve um estudo em que uma Tarefa de Stroop Emocional Computadorizada (TSEC) foi usada como tarefa secundária para impor carga cognitiva. A TSEC teve por base os reflexos orientados que os culpados parecem experimentar perante informações críticas que reconhecem. Diferenças entre mentirosos e inocentes emergiram em algumas pistas de discurso, independentemente da condição (entrevista de recolha de informação ou entrevista de recolha de informação e TSEC). Os resultados também sugerem que a TSEC impôs níveis semelhantes de carga cognitiva em mentirosos e inocentes. É sugerido que os investigadores tenham cuidado com o método usado para aumentar a carga cognitiva, pois este pode afetar todos os entrevistados. O Capítulo 3 consiste num estudo com elementos da Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR) cuja tarefa foi avaliar a veracidade de depoimentos do estudo do Capítulo 2. Neste estudo, analisámos a taxa de acerto dos elementos da GNR na discriminação de mentirosos e inocentes em ambas as condições de entrevista, bem como aquilo em que se basearam para julgar. Os resultados sugerem que os observadores tendem a fazer julgamentos de veracidade baseados em estados emocionais, como nervosismo, o que pode explicar a baixa taxa de acerto obtida. O estudo do Capítulo 4 analisou os efeitos da ansiedade social como diferença interpessoal nas pistas exibidas durante entrevistas de deteção de mentiras. Os entrevistados, com diferentes níveis de ansiedade social, mentiram ou não, e os resultados mostraram diferenças, sugerindo que os profissionais devem avaliar a ansiedade social antes de realizar estas entrevistas. Finalmente, no Capítulo 5 revemos os estudos, salientando as suas principais conclusões e impacto na prática. Discutimos ainda algumas limitações dos estudos de deteção de mentiras, apresentando sugestões para melhorá-los, bem como linhas de investigação promissoras para o futuro.

Work is a key component of people's lives and most people aspire to have work that is sufficient to provide a living wage so as to lift them out of poverty and social exclusion and also that is secure enough to guarantee a decent livelihood. The Decent Work Agenda has gained much popularity in recent years and proposes an approach to development that emphasizes fair and sustainable working opportunities that include principles of rights at work, social protection and social dialogue. Various issues have been raised in this study. Firstly, the decent work concept needs to be understood comprehensively as there is misconception about what the concept implies and what it can achieve. Secondly, it is acknowledged that there are huge decent work deficits in South Africa especially in the informal sector which impede on the advancement of people‟s conditions of living, cause people to live lives of poverty as well as deprive people of a life of dignity. This is despite decent work having a solid basis in labour legislation and also South Africa being bound by international law and principles concerning decent work. The study observes that reform in labour legislation is recommended to help overcome the decent work deficits. The ILO has proposed the Decent Work Country Programmes to help countries align their economic development goals with the international goal of the achievement of Decent Work for all. South Africa also has its own solutions such as the New Growth Path as well as other policies. The main issue however is how these policies can be implemented effectively and how decent work can be achieved against a backdrop of the socio – economic challenges that South Africa faces.

Two interviewers are often used by police and intelligence agencies, yet very little is known about the benefits of this approach or the best way to employ it. This thesis tested a two interviewer protocol to determine how the second interviewer should behave in order to elicit cues to deceit. Over four experiments, a second interviewer was employed (in various ways) in mock forensic interviews before examining the amount of detail and/or repetition in interviewees’ responses. The results offered four key findings: First, that a supportive second interviewer can elicit cues to deceit, notably by encouraging truth tellers to say more. Second, the impact of a second interviewer can be influenced by other factors, such as unexpected questions and the behaviour of both interviewers. Third, the results supported previous research by highlighting that consistency between two accounts is an unreliable cue to deceit. Finally, this thesis also suggests that deliberately mimicking interviewees may encourage truth tellers to provide more detailed and accurate responses. One explanation for the observed findings is that a supportive second interviewer provides a source of positive feedback, reinforcing and encouraging interviewees’ default response strategy. The results enabled a recommendation that forensic interviewers adopt a supportive demeanour. More research is needed before a supportive second interviewer should be introduced in real life interviews. Future research should seek to replicate the findings presented here and test a speaking second interviewer. While it was not clear that a supportive second interviewer generated rapport, overall, this thesis provides support for a rapport based approach to investigative interviewing.

Ovo istraživanje je usmereno na
ispitivanje majčinog odnosa (razrešen/
nerazrešen) prema detetovoj dijagnozi
cerebralne paralize. Utvrđivano je na koji način
su stresori (funkcionalni status deteta,
kumulativni stres i depresivnost majke), kao i
strategije porodičnog prevladavanja stresa i
strategije reagovanja na averzivne emocije
deteta povezani sa majčinim odnosom prema
detetovoj dijagnozi i kakav je uticaj dužine
vremena u suočavanju sa detetovom
dijagnozom.
Koncept razrešenja je zasnovan na
teoriji afektivne vezanosti i podrazumeva
majčino emotivno i kognitivno prihvatanje
detetovog stanja (Pianta & Marvin, 1993).
Teorijski okvir rada predstavlja Model
porodične rezilijentnosti, regulacije i
prilagođavanja (McCubbin & McCubbin,
1996), po kome se porodica smatra
rezilijentnom kada neku nedaću koja ju je
zadesila uspešno prevladava. U skladu sa tim
modelom, postavljen je i proveravan model koji
posmatra odnos između stresora i majčinog
razrešenja. Majčino razrešenje se po tom
modelu sagledava kao ključni pokazatelj
rezilijentnosti.
Uzorak u istraživanju je činilo 100 majki
čija deca imaju dijagnostikovanu cerebralnu
paralizu, a uzrasta su od 2 do 7 godina.
Primenjen je neeksperimentalni korelacioni
nacrt, koji je sproveden primenom intervjua i
upitničke baterije.
Majčin odnos prema dijagnozi je
ispitivan uz pomoć Intervjua o reagovanju na
dijagnozu (Pianta & Marvin, 1992a). Upitničku
bateriju su činili: Funkcionalni status deteta
(Stein & Jessop, 1991), Lista životnih događaja
i promena u porodici (McCubbin, Patterson, &
Wilson,1983), Skala depresivnosti (Novović,
Biro i Nedimović, 2009), Skala odnosa porodice
prema krizi (McCubbin, Olson, & Larsen,
1981) i Skala roditeljskih reakcija na averzivne
emocije deteta (Fabes, Eisenberg, & Bernzweig,
1990).
U istraživanju je 59% majki pokazalo
razrešen odnos prema detetovoj dijagnozi
cerebralne paralize. Majke koje su bile pod
višim nivoima stresa (čija su deca lošijeg
funkcionalnog statusa, sa više doživljenih
stresogenih životnih događaja i sa izraženijom
depresivnošću) su češće bile nerazrešene u
odnosu prema detetovoj dijagnozi. Nisu
ustanovljene razlike između razrešenih i
nerazrešenih majki u odnosu na korišćene
porodične strategije za prevladavanje stresa i u
odnosu na reagovanje na averzivne emocije
deteta. Kao značajni prediktori statusa
razrešenja su se pokazali funkcionalni status
deteta i depresivnost majke. Institucionalna
podrška, jedna od porodičnih strategija za
prevladavanje stresa, se izdvojila kao značajna
moderatorska varijabla između funkcionalnog
statusa i razrešenja majke. Porodične strategije
prevladavanja stresa nisu pokazale moderatorski
uticaj na odnos između kumulativnog stresa,
proteklog vremena u suočavanju sa detetovom
dijagnozom i razrešenosti majke.
Rezultati sprovedenog istraživanja nude
brojne kliničke implikacije, kao i preporuke za
praktičnu delatnost kliničkih psihologa.

Uvod: Pneumonije su jedne od najčešćih infekcija u dečjem uzrastu, a rendgenografija (RTG) grudnog koša se još uvek smatra metodom izbora za potvrđivanje dijagnoze. Cilj istraživanja je bio ispitivanje uloge ultrasonografije (US) pluća u dijagnostici i praćenju pneumonija kod dece. Materijal i metode: Istraživanje prospektivnog karaktera sprovedeno je u Institutu za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine i obuhvatilo je 130 pacijenata uzrasta od 3 meseca do 18 godina kod kojih je zbog kliničke sumnje na pneumoniju bio načinjen RTG i US pregled pluća, u vremenskom razmaku do 24h. Kao referentni standard za utvrđivanje pouzdanosti US, RTG i auskultatornog pregleda u dijagnostici pneumonije korišćena je završna dijagnoza pneumonije pri otpustu iz bolnice. US kriterijum za postavljanje dijagnoze pneumonije bio je nalaz subpleuralne konsolidacije plućnog parenhima. Deca sa US znacima pneumonije praćena su do potpune normalizacije US nalaza, a kod većine su kontrolni pregledi rađeni u vremenskim intervalima od 7-10 dana. Rezultati: Dijagnoza pneumonije je ustanovljena kod 105/130 (80,8%) pacijenata. US nalaz je ukazivao na pneumoniju kod 99/105 (senzitivnost 94,3%), a bio je negativan kod 25/25 pacijenata koji nisu imali pneumoniju (specifičnost 100%), dok je RTG bio pozitivan kod 98/105 (senzitivnost 93,3%), a negativan kod 23/25 pacijenata (specifičnost 92%). US je bila osetljivija od RTG metode u detekciji plućnih konsolidacija manjih od 15mm. Promene plućnog intersticijuma su registrovane ultrasonografijom kod 50/105 (47,62%), a rendgenografijom kod 21/105 (20%) pacijenata. Pleuralni izliv je registrovan ultrasonografijom kod 24/105 (22,86%), a rendgenografijom kod 14/105 (13,33%) pacijenata. Tokom kontrolnih pregleda utvrđeno je umereno do značajno slaganje US i kliničke procene toka bolesti (k=0,406-0,621). Kod pacijenata sa potpunom kliničkom, a nepotpunom US regresijom pneumonije, najčešće su bile zastupljene konsolidacije manje od 15mm. Prosečan broj dana do potpune regresije US nalaza je iznosio 16,3±10,24 dana. Zaključak: Ultrasonografija pluća u dijagnostici pneumonija kod dece je pouzdana kao i rendgenografija. Ultrasonografija pluća treba da postane deo standardnog protokola dijagnostike pneumonije kod dece.
Background: Pneumonia is one of the most common infections in the pediatric population and chest radiography (CR) is still considered the method of choice to confirm the diagnosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the diagnosis and follow-up of pneumonia in children. Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the Institute for Children and Youth Health Care of Vojvodina and it included 130 children with clinically suspected pneumonia, aged 3 months to 18 years, in whom CR and LUS were performed within 24h. The final diagnosis of pneumonia at discharge was used as a reference test to determine the reliability of LUS, CR and auscultatory findings in the diagnosis of pneumonia. A LUS finding of subpleural lung consolidation was considered a diagnostic sign for pneumonia. The children with LUS signs of pneumonia were followed up until complete resolution of the LUS findings. In most children, the follow-up LUS examinations were performed in time intervals of 7-10 days. Results: A final diagnosis of pneumonia was confirmed in 105/130 (80.8%) patients. LUS was positive in 99/105 patients (sensitivity 94.3%) and negative in 25/25 (specificity 100%), whereas CR was positive in 98/105 (sensitivity 93.3%) and negative in 23/25 (specificity 92%). LUS was superior to CR in the detection of lung consolidations less than 15mm. Interstitial lung changes were detected by LUS in 50/105 (47.62%) patients and by CR in 21/105 (20%). LUS was able to detect pleural effusion in 24/105 (22.86%) patients, whereas CR detected pleural effusion in 14/105 (13.33%). During the follow-ups, moderate to substantial agreement between LUS and clinical evaluation of the course of the disease was obtained (k=0.406-0.621). In children with complete clinical and incomplete US regression of pneumonia, consolidations less than 15 mm were the most prevalent finding. The average time period until complete resolution of the LUS findings was 16.3 ±10.24 days. Conclusions: Lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumonia in children is just as reliable as radiography. Lung ultrasonography should be included in the standard diagnostic protocol of pneumonia in children.

Istraživanje je obuhvatilo primenu generičkog upitnika (Kiddy-KINDL, Kid-KINDL, Kiddo-KINDL i verzije za roditelje Kiddy-KINDL i KINDL), bolest-specifičnog upitnika (CPQOL-Child i CPQOL-verzija za roditelje), kao i upitnika za procenu porodičnog kvaliteta života dece sa cerebralnom paralizom (Family quality of life survey. Main caregivers of people with intellectual or developmental disabilities). Analizom je obuhvaćeno 70. dece i omladine sa cerebralnom paralizom i njihovih roditelja. Kvalitet života dece sa CP uzrasta 4-17 godina, ispitan generičkim upitnikom ne pokazuje statistički značajne razlike u svim ispitivanim domenima bez obzira na nivo motoričkog onesposobljenja prema GMFCS. Kvalitet života sa aspekta roditelja ispitan generičkim upitnikom pokazuje da deca uzrasta 3-6 godina sa CP nivoa I-II prema GMFCS, imaju statistički značajno bolji kvalitet života u domenu zdravstvenog i emocionalnog stanja, samopoštovanja i socijalnog života, dok deca uzrasta 7-17 godina imaju statistički značajno bolji kvalitet života samo u domenu emocionalnog stanja. Ova razlika se može objasniti činjenicom da su roditelji starije dece sa CP prošli kroz proces prihvatanja bolesti tokom vremena. Kvalitet života dece sa CP uzrasta 8-12 godina, ispitan bolest-specifičnim upitnikom ne pokazuje statistički značajne razlike u svim ispitivanim domenima bez obzira na nivo motoričkog onesposobljenja prema GMFCS. Kvalitet života sa aspekta roditelja ispitan bolest-specifičnim upitnikom pokazuje da deca uzrasta 4-12 godina sa CP nivoa I-II prema GMFCS, imaju statistički značajno bolji kvalitet života u domenima: socijalno blagostanje i prihvatanje, osećanje o funkcionisanju, učešće i fizičko zdravlje, kao i bol i uticaj invalidnosti. Nema razlike u stavu deteta i roditelja u domenima kvaliteta života mereno generičkim upitnikom. Međutim, upotrebom bolest-specifičnog upitnika dobija se podatak da roditelji ocenjuju kvalitet života deteta značajno lošije u domenima: osećaj o funkcionisanju, kao i učešće i fizičko zdravlje. Roditelji dece sa CP nivoa I-II prema GMFCS navode bolji kvalitet porodičnog života u odnosu na roditelje dece nivoa III-V prema GMFCS, ali bez statističke značajnosti. Analizom ispitivanih dimenzija domena u sumarnoj skali utvrđeno je da je roditeljima najvažnija dimenizija značaj porodičnog kvaliteta života. Ostale ispitivane dimenzije domena (mogućnost, inicijativa, postignuće, stabilnost i zadovoljstvo) bile su niže ocenjene u odnosu na dimenziju značaj, a međusobno su bile ujednačene. Za procenu kvaliteta života kod dece sa CP ipak se preporučuje upotreba bolest-specifičnog upitnika u cilju detektovanja domena od interesa, kako bi se pravovremenom akcijom zdravstenih profesionalaca, podrškom na nivou zajednice, kao i društva u celini, uklonile poteškoće i omogućio kvalitetan život detetu sa cerebralnom paralizom i njegovoj porodici.
The study included the use of generic questionnaire (Kiddy-KINDL, Kid-KINDL, Kiddo-KINDL versions for parents Kiddy-KINDL and KINDL), a disease-specific questionnaire (CPQOL-Child and CPQOL-version for parents), as well as the questionnaire for evaluation of family quality of life of children with cerebral palsy (FQOL-DD). The analysis included 70 children and youth with cerebral palsy and their parents. The quality of life of children with CP aged 4-17 years, examined by a generic questionnaire, shows no statistically significant differences in any investigated domains regardless of the level of motor disability according to GMFCS. The quality of life from the parent aspect obtained by the generic questionnaire shows that children aged 3-6 years with CP levels I-II GMFCS, had a significantly better quality of life related to health and emotional status, self-esteem and social life, while children aged 7-17 years had a significantly better quality of life only in the domain of emotional state. This difference can be explained by the fact that parents of older children with CP had the time to pass through the process of accepting the disease. The quality of life of children with CP aged 8-12 years, examined by the disease-specific questionnaire, shows no statistically significant differences in any investigated domains regardless of the level of motor disability according to GMFCS. The quality of life from the parent aspect according to the disease-specific questionnaire shows that children aged 4 -12 years with CP levels I-II GMFCS had a significantly better quality of life in following domains: social well-being and acceptance, feeling of functioning, participation and physical health, as well as the pain impact and disability. There is no difference in the attitude of the child and parents in the domains of quality of life as measured by the generic questionnaire. However, by using disease-specific questionnaires it is clear that parents assess the quality of life of the child significantly worse in the following domains: a sense of functioning, of participation and physical health. Parents of children with CP levels I-II GMFCS report better quality of family life in comparison to the parents of children with level III-V GMFCS, but without statistical significance. By the analysis of the dimensions of domains tested in the aggregate scale it was found that for parents the most important dimension was the family quality of life. Other tested dimensions of domains (the ability, initiative, achievement, stability and satisfaction) were assessed lower in comparison to the dimension of the importance, and they were equable. For assessment of the quality of life in children with CP the use of disease-specific questionnaires is recommended in order to detect domains of interest, with the aim to introduce timely action of health professionals, support at the community level and in a society as a whole, as well as to remove difficulties and facilitate quality of life for the children with cerebral palsy and their families.

Razvojna disleksija je specifičan deficit čitanja uprkos prosečnoj inteligenciji, školovanju i obrazovnom okruženju, a u odsustvu senzornih ili psihijatrijskih poremećaja. Disortografija predstavlja otežano učenje pravopisa maternjeg jezika u vreme kada su deca istog uzrasta, sposobnosti i obuke već savladala pravopisna pravila. Deficit fonološke obrade objašnjava disleksiju i disortografiju kao posledicu individualnih smetnji u fonološkom procesiranju koja se ispoljava kao slabost u sposobnosti stvaranja veze između fonema i grafema. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja bili su da se utvrdi nivo razvijenosti fonološke svesnosti kod dece sa disleksijom i disortografijom, zatim u kojoj meri govorno jezički poremećaji utiču na ispoljavanje disleksije i disortografije, kao i da se utvrdi da li postoji razlika u ispoljavanju ovih smetnji u odnosu na pol dece. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 689 dece, od prvog do trećeg razreda osnovne škole čiji je maternji jezik srpski. Deca su podeljena u grupe u odnosu na razred koji pohađaju. Za procenu fonološke svesnosti primenjen je test FONT koji obuhvata osam tipova zadataka:spajanje slogova, slogovna segmentacija, identifikovanje početnog fonema, prepoznavanje rime, fonemska segmentacija, identifikovanje završnog fonema, eliminacija fonema, fonemska supstitucija i spajanje slogova. Brzina, tačnost, fluentnost čitanja i razumevanje sadržaja pročitanog procenjena je testom čitanja The Gray Oral Reading Tests-GORT 5. Za potrebe ovog istraživanja urađena je kros-kulturalna adaptacija testa, prema vodiču za adaptaciju u odnosu na jezičke i kulturalne različitosti. Za procenu razvijenosti govora i poznavanje reči, apstraktne inteligencije, faktora distraktibilnosti i koncentracije, kao i procene vizuomotorne koordinacije, korišćeni su subtestovi Revisk-revidirane skale za merenje inteligencije. Skalom za procenu pravopisnog nivoa rukopisa procenjeno je prepoznavanje semantičkih oblika i njihovo korišćenje u kontekstu saopštavanja misaonih sadržaja. Rezultati pokazuju da najveći broj dece, od prvog do trećeg razreda, ima razvijeno čitanje u kategoriji proseka. U drugom i trećem razredu 61 dete (13.7%) ispoljava disleksiju, a 82 (18,4%) dece disortografične smetnje. Deca sa disleksijom i disortografijom češće imaju deficit fonološke svesnosti u odnosu na decu tipičnog razvoja. Deca sa disleksijom i disortografijom ispoljavaju deficit svih elemenata koji čine fonološku svesnost. Elementi fonološke svesnosti kod dece mlađeg školskog uzrasta čiji je maternji jezik srpski, predstavljaju značajne prediktore za sticanje čitanja i pravopisa. Govorno jezički poremećaji zastupljeni su kod 137 dece (19.9%), od prvog do trećeg razreda. Kod dece sa govorno jezičkim poremećajima se češće ispoljava disleksija i disortografija u odnosu na decu tipičnog razvoja. Najveći broj dece sa disleksijom i disortografijom ima podprosečne rezultate na subtestu Rečnik. Disleksija i disortografija, kao i deficit fonološke svesnosti su češće zastupljeni kod dečaka, ali ta razlika nije značajna. U odnosu na rezultate istraživanja napravljen je Protokol za detekciju, procenu i korekciju disleksije i disortografije.
Developmental dyslexia is a specific reading deficit occurring in spite of average intelligence, appropriate schooling and educational environment, in the absence of any sensory or psychiatric disorders. Dysorthography represents a child`s impaired acquisition of the orthography of his/her mother tongue at the age when children of equal abilities and schooling have already mastered orthographic rules. A deficit in phonological awareness explains both dyslexia and dysorthography as a consequence of individual difficulties in phonological processing displayed as impairment in creating associations between phonemes and graphemes. The aims of this research were to establish the level of development of phonological awareness in children with dyslexia and dysorthography, the extent to which speech disorders affect dyslexia and dysorthography, and if there is a difference in their frequency with regard to gender. The study included 689 children, attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade of primary school, whose mother tongue was Serbian. Children were divided into groups according to school grade. For the assessment of phonological awareness the FONT test was used which entails eight types of tasks: syllable blending, syllable segmentation, identifying the initial phoneme, recognizing rime, phoneme segmentation, identifying the ending phoneme, phoneme deletion, and phoneme substitution. Reading accuracy, fluency and comprehension were assessed by The Gray Oral Reading Tests – GORT 5. For the purposes of this study, a cross-cultural adaptation was performed, in accordance with the guidelines provided in the guide for adaptation regarding linguistic and cultural differences. Subtests of the REVISK – revised scale for the assessment of intelligence were used to assess the developmental level of speech and vocabulary, attention and distractibility, as well as visual-motor coordination. A scale for the assessment of the orthographic level of handwriting was used to recognize semantic forms and their application in the context of conveying thought content. The results show that the majority of children, attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade have an average reading ability. 61 children (13.7%) attending 2nd and 3rd grade have dyslexia, while 82 (18.4%) have difficulties with the orthography. These children more often have a phonological awareness deficit compared to typically developing children. Children with dyslexia and dysorthography display a deficit in all the elements of phonological awareness. The elements of phonological awareness have proven to be significant predictors of mastering reading and writing in children attending lower grades of primary school, whose mother tongue is Serbian. Speaking disorders were found to be present in 137 (19.9%) children attending 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade. These children more often have dyslexia and dysorthography compared to typically developing children. The majority of children with dyslexia and dysorthography have below average results on the Vocabulary subtest. Dyslexia and dysorthography, as well as the phonological awareness deficit are more present in boys but the gender difference is not significant. In accordance with our results, a protocol was developed to detect, assess and correct dyslexia and dysorthography.

The purpose of this single-subject case study was to determine if vocal changes can be used to implicate deceit based on a suspect’s involuntary vocal responses when placed in a high stress situation such as being interrogated for a crime. This study also identified justification for the use of SLPs in the criminal justice system for the purpose of voice analysis. 10 truthful and 10 deceitful statements were analyzed from a suspect charged with the crime of murder using the voice analysis software Praat to determine differences in vocal attributes with varying speech characteristics. These statements were analyzed in the areas of intensity, hesitations/pausing, speech rate, and disfluencies. It was found that changes in maximum intensity and total number of words per statement implicate that a person is being deceitful.

The introduction of dual energy CT, DECT, in the field of medical healthcare has made it possible to extract more information of the scanned objects. This in turn has the potential to improve the accuracy in radiation therapy dose planning. One problem that remains before successful material decomposition can be achieved however, is the presence of beam hardening and scatter artifacts that arise in a scan. Methods currently in clinical use for removal of beam hardening often bias the CT numbers. Hence, the possibility for an appropriate tissue decomposition is limited. Here a method for successful decomposition as well as removal of the beam hardening artifact is presented. The method uses effective linear attenuations for the five base materials, water, protein, adipose, cortical bone and marrow, to perform the decomposition on reconstructed simulated data. This is performed inside an iterative loop together with the polychromatic x-ray spectra to remove the beam hardening

Different efficiency enhancement techniques for a 1.9 GHz DECT power amplifier (PA) have been investigated. Generally, a higher efficiency can be achieved by varying the supply voltage and/or the bias of the PA or by making topology and/or class changes. In this work, changes in bias and topology have been studied. Focus has been on enhancing efficiency at power back-off to increase talk-time for handset applications. The PA used in this study was a two stage 0.13 μm CMOS PA for 2.5 V operation. In its original configuration, it delivered 28.3 dBm of maximum output power with a PAE of 43.5 % (simulated). At 10 dB power back-off the PAE was only 15.9 %. The largest improvement was obtained using a topology change with the amplifying transistor split into two parallel transistors (class A and B) with variable bias. The PA delivered 29.1 dBm to the load with a PAE of 45.1 %, and 18 % PAE at power back-off; a relative improvement at this level with 13 %. The new PA topology does not require any additional area.

Disertacije je u najširem smislu usmerena na ispitivanje faktora koji doprinose povišenju preoprativne anksioznosti kod dece. Teorijski okvir rada predstavlja Proksimo-distalni model ponašanja dece tokom akutnih medicinskih procedura (Blount, Bunke, & Zaff, 2000a; 2000b; Varni, Blount, Waldon, & Smith, 1995). Prema modelu, sva ponašanja, kako roditeljska tako i dečija, mogu da se podele na ona koja produbljuju uznemirenost (“distress” ponašanja), i ona koja olakšavaju prevladavanje stresne situacije (“coping” ponašanja). Takođe se naglašava da interakciju između deteta i roditelja za vreme akutnih medicinskih procedura treba posmatrati u širem kontekstu, uz isticanje da veliki broj faktora utiče na suočavanje sa akutnim medicinskim stresom. Proveravano je na koji način su osobine dece (ankioznost i temperament), osobine roditelja (anksioznosti) i ponašanja dece i roditelja („coping“ i „distress“) povezani sa stepenom izraženosti preoperativne anksioznosti i procenom bola kod dece. Dodatno, proveravan je efekat psihološke preoperativne pripreme na roditelje različitog stepena izraženosti osobine anksioznosti.
Uzorak u istraživanju je činilo 99 dece predškolskog uzrasta (3-6 godina) koja su imala zakazanu operaciju krajnika (Dg Tonsillectomia i/ili Adenoidectomia) na Institutu za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine u Novom Sadu. Interakcija između roditelja i dece, kao i preoperativna anksiozna ponašanja kod dece su snimana video kamerom i merena u sedam situacija: prilikom prijema u bolnicu, po ulasku u prostoriju premedikacije, pre primljenog sedativa, za vreme primanja sedativa, nakon primljenog sedativa, prilikom separacije od roditelja i za vreme stavljanja maske kod uvoda u anesteziju. Posmatran je međusobni uticaj roditeljskog i dečijeg ponašanja kroz različite vremenske tačke pri čemu su podaci analizirani tzv. “Actor-Partner Interdependence modelom” (APIM; Cook & Kenny, 2005).
Rezultati pokazuju da mlađa deca sa izraženijom separacionom anksioznošću u odnosu na stariju i mlađu decu sa slabije izraženom separacionom anksioznošću imaju viši stepen preoperativne anksioznosti u svim situacijama, ali je ta razlika posebno izražena u situaciji separacije i stavljanja maske kod uvoda u anesteziju. Deca će intenzivnije procenjivati bol nakon injekcije ukoliko imaju viši stepen preoperativne anksioznosti, kada su pored njih roditelji koji imaju visoko izraženu osobinu anksioznosti i pokazuju viši stepen ponašanja kojim podstiču „distress“ dece. Prilikom procene interakcije između roditelja i dece u pojedinačnim fazama procedure rezultati pokazuju da ispoljena ponašanja u prethodnim fazama utiču na ponašanja u sledećim fazama procedure. Viši stepen preoprativne anksioznosti kod dece u prethodnim fazama procedure utiče na ponašanja roditelja u sledećim fazama procedure. Ukoliko se ponašanja dece i roditelja iz različitih faza sumiraju, rezultati pokazuju da su „coping“ ponašanja dece i roditelja u vezi sa nižim stepenom preoperativne anksioznosti, dok su „distress“ ponašanja u vezi sa višim stepenom preoperativne anksioznosti. Rezultati sugerišu da neposredno nakon psihološke preoperativne pripreme, dan pre operacije, dolazi do pada situacione anksioznosti kod roditelja nezavisno u kom stepenu imaju izraženu osobinu anksioznosti. Na dan operacije, efekat pripreme se smanjuje i anksioznost se vraća gotovo na nivo pre psihološke pripreme.
Praktične i teorijske implikacije rezultata će biti predstavljene u radu.

Insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and sunscreen oxybenzone are commonly incorporated into commercially available repellent and sunscreen preparations. Both compounds have demonstrated an increased percutaneous permeation and systemic disposition after concurrent application in vitro and in vivo. The permeation enhancement between DEET and oxybenzone not only compromises their respective protective efficacy against biting insects and UV radiation, but also potentiates toxicological properties in susceptible subjects. The pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles from concurrent use of DEET and oxybenzone were evaluated and compared in this thesis. DEET and oxybenzone were administered by intravenous and topical routes in rats, either alone and/or in combination, to compare the pharmacokinetics of parent compounds and their primary metabolites in vivo. To evaluate toxicological characteristics, rat primary cortical neurons and astrocytes, and rat hepatoma 1548 cells were exposed to DEET, oxybenzone and their metabolites in vitro, and cell viability was analyzed. Various behavioral testing protocols were also performed to assess arousal, locomotion, habituation, and motor coordination of rats over a 30-day study period. Concurrent topical application of DEET and oxybenzone enhanced the disposition of DEET and its metabolites in rats, but did not consistently affect the distribution of oxybenzone and its metabolites. The disappearance of DEET from skin application site was accelerated; its apparent elimination half-life was decreased while its plasma and tissue concentrations were predominantly increased. Cellular toxicity occurred at 1 μg/ml for neurons and 7-day exposure for both astrocytes and neurons. Viability of hepatoma cells was also reduced when treated with DEET, oxybenzone and their metabolites, either alone or in combination, most notably after 72 hours of exposure. However, no overt signs of toxicity were observed from behavioral testing in rats after a 30-day topical study. The pharmacokinetic data obtained was beneficial in understanding and elucidating absorption and biodistribution of DEET and oxybenzone in vivo. The toxicological data suggested that the risk for increasing adverse effects from concurrent skin application of repellents and sunscreens would be low and marginal in healthy individuals. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to assess the long-term health impact of these compounds in susceptible subjects, especially at higher application doses.

La communaute europeenne produit actuellement plus de 2,2 milliards de tonnes de dechets en tout genre. L'importance de ce chiffre s'explique par l'essor de notre societe de consommation, le developpement industriel et s'accompagne immanquablement de difficultes de gestion materielle et normative. Ces dernieres s'expliquent par la saturation des modes classiques d'elimination des residus (tel que la decharge) et l'inadaptation grandissante du cadre juridique mis en place par la communaute europeenne dans les annees 1970. Les normes adoptees etaient specifiques : directive sur les dechets toxiques et dangereux, directives sur les huiles usagees. . . Et n'ont pas permis de repondre aux donnees du sujet: augmentation et diversification des residus. Face a cette situation l'europe communautaire a modifie la majeure partie de ces textes dans les annees 1990, en renforcant la severite des normes d'elimination et en tentant de mettre en place une dynamique de valorisation. Mais ces changements ne se sont operes, une fois encore, que par le biais de textes specifiques. Pourtant, la gestion des dechets doit changer de logique. Pour qu'elle soit efficace, il est necessaire de maitriser les residus (leur quantite et leur nocivite). Or cette maitrise n'est pas possible a l'heure actuelle, dans le cadre du regime juridique etabli. La politique des dechets changent de dimension: d'une simple politique environnementale, elle est en passe de devenir une veritable politique integree aux autres actions communautaires, impliquant des boulversements juridiques importants a etudier
At the moment, the european community produce 2,2 thousands millions tonnes of wastes. This quantity is explained by our consumer society, industrial developpment and is accompagnied inevitably by difficulties of management (material and normative). This last are explained by the saturation of dumps and the maladjustement of the european legislation. It was specific: directive on dangerous and toxics wastes, directive on worn oils. . . And it wasn't allow to solve the multiplication of wastes. So, the european community modify a lot of part of the legislation since 1990. The new objectif is valorisation, but directives are also specifics. Waste's management should be modify yet. Now the logic is different. The ue must be control effluent, consomation's wastes. Or legislation doesn't allow this control. The waste's politic isn't simply an environnemental politic but an action in relation between the other community's action. We try to explain modifications