Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Decet“

Though published about 409 BC, IG i3 105 has long been thought to contain regulations originally enacted at an earlier date. In 1873 Kirchhoff suggested a date of 411/10 or 410/9 for the inscription itself, but noted that there were priscae dictionis vestigia. Hiller von Gaertringen went further in 1924 when he concluded that priscus dictionis color saeculi initium decet. Although modern scholars disagree about the exact date of the original provisions, some of which include the archaic expression ἄνευ τοῦ δήμου τοῦ Άθηναίων πληθύοντος there is general agreement that these older laws were passed between 501/0 and 462/1 BC. In this paper I shall argue that a Solonian date for the original enactment of the δῆμος πληθύων provisions makes the most historical sense.

Prater solitam his in circumstantiis introductionem et conclusionem in articulo quattuor partes habentur. In introductione actualitas thematis de sacramenti confirmationis ministro indicatur. Brevis pars prima, prout decet, dedicatur episcopo non solum ordinario sed etiam originario sacramenti confirmationis ministro. Altera in parte (longiore) de presbytero prout sacramenti confirmationis ministro agitur. Ad normam can. 883 ipso iure facultate confirmationem ministrandi gaudent: 1. qui iure Episcopo dioecesano aequiparantur, sed solummodo intra fines suae dicionis. Sciendum est iure Episcopo dioecesano aequiparari: praelatum territorialem, abbatem territorialem, vicarium et provicarium apostolicum, praefectum et propraefectum apostolicum, administratorem apostolicum stabiliter constitutum, administratorem dioecesis (olim — vicarium eapitularem) et ordinarium militarem ad normam Constitutionis Apostolicae Spirituali Militum Curae diei 21 aprilis 1986 anni. Papae Joannis Pauli constitutum. 2. Presbyter, qui vi officii vel mandati Episcopi dioecesani, infantia egressum baptisat aut iam baptisatum in plenam communionem admittit. 3. Parochus, immo quilibet presbyter solummodo fidelem ex gravi morbo in mortis periculo constitutum. Praeterea presbyter, si peculiari concessione competentis auctoritatis instructus sit, confirmare valet. Tertia in parte articuli canones 884, 886, 887 et 888 inquantum de facultate confirmandi tractant, explicantur. In ultima parte de obligatione sacramentum confirmationis ministrandi sermo est. Ad normam can. 885 Episcopus dioecesanus obligatione tenetur curandi ut sacramentum confirmationis subditis rite et rationabiliter petentibus conferatur (§ 1). Similiter presbyter, qui facultatem confirmandi habet, eadem, uti debet erga eos in quorum favorem facultas concessa est (§ 2). Sub finem articuli quaedam discrepantia inter can. 883 n. 3 et can. 1004 § 1 nunc vigentis Codicis sublineatur. Tandem hoc argumentum lingua latina exaratum datur.

Résumé Cet article pose la question de l’influence syndicale sur l’évolution des formes d’organisation du travail. En France, il n’y apas de tradition en la matière, les syndicats ne s’étant jamais véritablement engagés sur ce terrain. Les transformations actuellesqui affectent les entreprises, l’évolution des modalités de la négociation, l’urgence de nouvelles questions sociales commecelle de l’emploi pourraient jouer dans le sens d’un recentrage sur cette question. Pourtant, aucune dynamique ne va dans cesens. Il apparaît d’ailleurs que l’organisation du travail ne se modernise pas réellement dans ses principes, qui relèvent toujoursmajoritairement de la logique taylorienne. Quant aux syndicats, de plus en plus affaiblis par une désyndicalisation inquiétante,de plus en plus divisés (avec l’apparition de nouveaux syndicats) et marginalisés, ils ne semblent pas en mesure de se saisir decet enjeu important et complexe qu’est l’organisation du travail.

In her discussion of Imitatio, Julia Haig Gaisser describes how humanist scholars and poets justified their light, titillating compositions, based on Catullus, Martial, and The Priapea, by invoking the ancient literary defense, whose purpose was essentially to ward off potential critics or else to justify their oeuvre by making a sharp distinction between their life and their art. One locus classicus is Catullus 16.5-6: “Nam castum esse decet pium poetam/ ipsum, versiculos nihil necesse est” (The devoted poet ought to be chaste himself, his verses need not be so). Another is Martial, Epigrams 1.4.8, which, modeled as it is on Ovid, Tristia 2.354, speaks not of poets in general but of Martial himself: “Lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba“ (My writing is lascivious, my life pure). The classical defensio or apologia was thus revived and given new meaning by the humanists as they sought to justify their literary endeavors in light of an emerging and ultimately puritanical sense of decorum.

By reaction of [N(C4H9 )4]2 [B6H6] with iodomethyl-trimethylsilane in acetonitrile a solution with trimethylsilylm ethyl-closo-hexaborate(1-)anions, [B6H6 (CH2Si(CH3)3)]-, is formed. The crystal structure of [P(C6H5 )4][B6H6(CH2Si(CH3)3)] has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis; monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 16.140(2), b = 11.646(8), c = 16.731(3) Å, β 109.664(11)°. The 11B NMR spectrum reveals features of a mono hetero substituted octahedral B6 cage. The 13C NMR spectrum exhibits a quartet at +0.18 ppm with 1J(C,H) = 118 Hz for the three methyl groups and a weak multiplet at -0.65 ppm for the methylene bridge due to quadrupole coupling with the boron atoms. In the 29Si NMR spectrum a decet at +2.25 ppm with 2J(C,H ) = 6.9 Hz is observed. The B -C stretching vibration is observed at 1155 cm-1 in the IR and Raman spectrum.

At the peak of this heated confrontation between Nero and Seneca, in which the latter exhorts the emperor to seek the people's love and trust rather than their hatred, Nero retorts that it is meet for the people to fear their prince (457–8). This is unsurprising and represents Nero as merely the latest in a long line of tragic tyrants (in the wake of Atreus' oderint dum metuant in Accius [203–4 R.]). In the exchange that follows, however, is the slightly puzzling (458): ‘metuant necesse est’:: ‘quicquid exprimitur graue est’. It is not only that Nero simply reiterates a concept already asserted in the line before (’decet timeri Caesarem’) which had prompted Seneca's ‘at plus diligi’. More than that, Seneca's exprimitur (‘all which is extorted is disliked’) is a non sequitur after ‘metuant necesse est’. exprimere is to ‘squeeze out’, ‘to extort’, ‘to elicit’, but in Latin metus is hardly ever ‘extorted’, exprimere, on the other hand, is commonly said of sincere or pretended assent, applause, jubilation, or forced admission. The verb occurs again at 494 ‘humiles … uoces exprimit nostri metus’; 581 ‘exprimere ius est, ferre quod nequeunt preces?’; elsewhere in Sen. Oed. 529 ‘ulline poena uocis expressae fuit’; Clem. 1.1.7 ‘omnibus … nunc ciuibus tuis … haec confessio exprimitur esse felices’; Plin. Pan. 2.2 ‘uoces illas quas metus exprimebat’.

In the course of a long letter written in 797 to Speratus, bishop of an unnamed English see, Alcuin declares:Verba Dei legantur in sacerdotali convivio: ibi decet lectorem audiri, non citharistam, sermones patrum, non carmina gentilium. Quid Hinieldus cum Christo?Nowhere else in the substantial corpus of his letters does Alcuin name a known figure in early Germanic legend and literature – the Ingeld ofBeowulfandWidsith– or refer specifically to the vernacular literature of his home country. Unsurprisingly, since the publication of the first complete and correct text of the letter in 1873, this passage has been quotedin toto(in varying translations) or alluded to in virtually every history of Old English literature and every commentary onBeowulf. Jaffé, however, in the notes he left with his transcript when he died prematurely in 1870, had proposed an identification of the addressee, Speratus, with Bishop Hygbald of Lindisfarne, recorded from 780 to 803. Dümmler adopted Jaffé's view in his editions of the letter: and he has been followed without demur by every subsequent scholar who has quoted or referred to it. Furthermore, for most of the century it has been tacitly assumed that the letter was directed not merely to the bishop in person but also to the community of which he was head – a monastic one, even after the disasters of 793; and that Alcuin's exhortations, whether or not they were a response to the actual practice of Lindisfarne and other Northumbrian houses, are evidence of the acceptability (and indeed, cultural importance) of secular vernacular verse in eighth-century English monasteries.

In this thesis, two different ways of music performing will be compared: • Music as recorded in a recording studio • Music performed on stage before an audience. My main focus was to compose music that was complex enough so that the band might face some problems when playing it live but rehearse it well enough to overcome those problems. I started by making “produced” versions of the songs in Ableton, where I recorded every single part with sampled instruments. These versions had the finished arrangements and sounded pretty close to what I wanted to achieve with the band. Then I wrote the sheet music carefully and sent it, along with the recordings, to the band. I made a rehearsing schedule and booked rooms well in advance to minimize the risk of problems later on. I also booked a studio to record the music after the rehearsals and before the concert. In the studio, we first recorded the jazz band and later recorded the string quartet as an overdub. After I had mixed those two recordings together, I listened very carefully to everything that could be improved. Some musicians wanted to overdub their solos afterwards and I overdubbed some solos myself as well. When listening back and going through all the details the days before the concert, I found out what could be improved and made a list of possible improvements for the dress rehearsal. I ended up being more satisfied with the studio recording though than the concert, sound and performance-wise. I had much more control over the sound, which made the end result better to my ears than the concert. Of course, the concert had its pros as well. The concert went very well according to plan thanks to good planning in advance as well as well written-out arrangements and problem-free parts. One of the research questions was if mistakes could possibly benefit the music at the concert.I think mistakes don’t necessarily benefit the music, but the live scenario might sometimes be more exciting since nothing is edited and the players have to find their way back home if they go out of the road. However, the profoundness of a well recorded recording can be very pleasing to listen to as well so both have their strengths and weaknesses. Those two recordings, the one from the studio and the one from the concert are obviously different and in this thesis, the difference between the two will be investigated furthermore.

Locomotive - Baldvin Hlynsson

Lost in Translation - Baldvin Hlynsson

Lost but not Least - Baldvin Hlynsson

Milders Mailbox - Baldvin Hlynsson

Psalm - Baldvin Hlynsson

A lullaby for the possessed - Baldvin Hlynsson

Encore: Thank you Maestro - Baldvin Hlynsson

Jazz group:

Tumi Torfason – trumpet

Björgvin Ragnar Hjálmarsson - tenor saxophone

Bjarni Már Ingólfsson - jazz guitar   

Baldvin Hlynsson (myself) – piano and synthezisers

Olle Adell - electric bass

Sammy Hsia – drums 

Classical group:Sara-Felicia Nyman Stjärnskog – violin I

Emma Alriksson – violin II

Ragnhild Kvist – viola

Hillevi Rasmusson Klingberg - cello

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2014.
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A intersecção de gênero e raça representa um lugar específico de opressão, pois se refere à construção da inferioridade da mulher em relação ao homem, a que se acumula o discurso de inferioridade racial. Tal situação é reproduzida em todos os setores de participação social, incluindo literatura. Nesse sentido, a mulher negra é tantas vezes representada através voz do homem. Afua Cooper, no Canada, e Alzira Rufino, no Brasil, são representantes da resistência das mulheres negras a essa sociedade de formação patriarcal sob domínio do homem branco. Neste estudo, discuto poéticas de resistência na representação da mulher na poesia das duas escritoras. Além disso, faço uma análise comparativa das poéticas usadas pelas duas poetisas.

Abstract : The intersection of race and gender represents specific site of oppression that concerns constructs of women?s inferiority to men in addition (is about) to discourses of racial inferiority. Such situation is replicated in all spheres of social participation, including literature. Thus, black women are many times represented through men?s voice. Afua Cooper, in Canada, and Alzira Rufino, in Brazil, are representative of black women?s resistance to this white dominant patriarchal society. In this study, I discuss poetics of resistance in depictions of women in their poetry. Additionally, I make a comparative analysis of their poetics.

The psychology of working theory (PWT) postulates that certain contextual and structural factors determine if individuals are able to obtain decent work, and that decent work, in turn, leads to work fulfilment and general well-being. The theory assumes that this is the case, as decent work satisfies three fundamental human needs: survival and power, social connection, and self-determination (as per the self-determination theory [SDT]). Only recently has a measure been developed to assess the satisfaction of these needs (Autin et al., under review), which means that the proposed role of need satisfaction as mediator in the link between decent work and work fulfilment/general well-being has not yet been tested empirically. This formed the objective of this study. The study employed a descriptive research design with a correlational approach. Working individuals residing in South Africa’s Western Cape province (N = 150) rated their work experiences on the decent work scale (DWS), work need satisfaction scale (WNSS), index of job satisfaction (IoJS) scale, and satisfaction with life scale (SWLS). In this sample, adequate healthcare did not fall within the decent work concept. This might be because it is common for working South Africans, especially in lower income brackets, not to receive healthcare benefits, which would thus not be expected. The autonomy and relationship aspects of the SDT self-determination need formed one instead of two separate components. This may be a reflection of low levels of trust in low-income workers, which means that autonomy is only provided if there is a positive relationship. Decent work predicted work fulfilment and individuals’ well-being and, as expected, this relationship was mediated by the fulfilment of the hypothesised needs (survival and power, social connection, SDT relationship + autonomy, and SDT competence). The study thus indicates the applicability of the PWT in the South African context. Organisations should thus be encouraged to provide employees with decent work, as this, in turn, will likely increase employees’ work fulfilment and general wellbeing.

Fizička aktivnost u velikoj meri može pozitivno uticati na zdravstveni status i psihosocijalno stanje, pa je glavni cilj istraživanja bio usmeren na analizu fizičke aktivnosti predškolske dece. Teorijski deo rada obuhvata sve što je bitno za razumevanje postavljene teme, dok je empirijski deo podeljen na četiri dela. U prvom delu su izloženi rezultati dobijeni anketom i dnevnikom aktivnosti koje su popunjavali roditelji, a analizirana je dečja aktivnost radnim danima i vikendom. Drugi deo se odnosi na obim kretne aktivnosti dece tokom boravka u vrtiću, gde je statističkom obradom podataka utvrđeno kakav je obim kretne aktivnosti dečaka i devojčica i od čega zavisi. U okviru plana i programa koji se sprovodi u predškolskoj ustanovi, predviđeno je da se upražnjavaju usmerene aktivnosti s motoričkim sadržajem, što je analizirano u trećem i četvrtom delu (trajanje, struktura i sadržaj aktivnosti, kao i motorička  angažovanost dece na aktivnostima).
Physical activity can have a positive impact on the health status and psychosocial condition; therefore the main aim of this research was focused on the analysis of physical activities of preschool children. The theoretical part of the study includes all important matters essential for understanding the subject, while the empirical part is divided into four sections. The first section presents the results obtained from a questionnaire and a diary of activities completed by parents, and it analyzes the children's activity on weekdays and weekends. The second section relates to the extent of motor activity of children during their stay in the kindergarten. The statistical analysis in this section shows the scope of motor activity of boys and girls and what it depends on. According to the plan implemented in preschool institution, it is expected to have directed activities with motor content. This part is analyzed in the third and fourth section (duration, structure and content of activities as well as motorinvolvement of children in activities).

Metotreksat kao antagonista folne kiseline ima široku upotrebu za lečenje brojnih maligniteta, primenjen u visokim dozama i u  kombinciji  sa leukovorinom. Iako  je  terapija  visokim  dozama  metotreksata drastično poboljšala  prognozu pacijenata sa malignitetom, teški neželjeni efekti terapije predstavljaju stalan klinički problem. Ciljevi istraživanja bili su određivanje serumske koncentracije metotreksata i izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih  parametara  metotreksata kod dece obolele od malignih  bolesti  koja su na terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata (2  g/m² i  5  g/m² ); ispitivanje postojanja uticaja primenjene doze metotreksata, demografskih i kliničkih karakteristika ispitanika  na koncentracije i farmakokinetičke parametare. Ispitivano je prisustvo i stepen kliničkih i laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti metotreksata, kao i uticaj primenjene  doze  metotreksata  i demografskih karakteristika ispitanika  na pojavu i stepen toksičnosti . U okviru retrospektivno - prospektivne  studije  ukjučeno  je  četrdeset  i dva pedijatrijska  pacijenta  uzrasta od  0,75 do 17,75 godina (medijana 5,75  godina). Svi pacijenti  su lečeni  u  Službi  za  hematologiju i  onkologiju  Instituta  za  zdravstvenu zaštitu dece i omladine Vojvodine (Novi Sad, Srbija) u periodu od juna 2004. godine do juna 2012. godine. Trideset i osam ispitanika  je lečeno pod dijagnozom akutne limfoblastne leukemije  prema dva  uzastopna  protokola ALL IC - BFM 2002 i ALL IC - BFM 2009 Internacionalne  BFM studijske  grupe „I - BFM - SG“  (International Berlin -Frankfurt - Münster Study Group) za proučavanje i lečenje dečje non-B akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Četvoro je  imalo  dijagnozu non - Hodgkin limfoma  i bili su uključen i u  protokol NHL - BFM  95. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 113 ciklusa terapije metotreksatom (1– 4 ciklusa po pacijentu) sa 386 izmerenih serumskih koncentracija metotreksata. Raspon primenjenih doza metotreksata kretao se od 800 do 10.000 mg. Koncentracije metotreksata su merene 24, 36 i 42 sata nakon započinjanja infuzije metotreksata, a po potrebi i u dužim vremenskim intervalima. Za izračunavanje farmakokinetičkih parametara korišćen je dvokompartmanskih farmakokinetički  model posle obustavljanja  intravenske  infuzije,  gde  postoje relacije  za  farmakokinetičke  tačke. Podaci o kliničkim i laboratorijskim znacima toksičnosti metotreksata prikupljani su iz medicinske dokumentacije, a za stepenovanje toksičnosti korišćen je skor sistem - Common Terminology Criteria for  Adverse  Events (CTCAE), Version 4.0, U.S. Department  of  health  and  human services, National Institute of Health, National Cancer Institute. U cilju utvrđivanju uticaja karakteristika ispitanika, primenjene doze i prisustva produžene eliminacije na posmatrane parametre, vršeno je poređenje tri grupe  pacijenata (doza 2 g/m² bez produžene eliminacije, 5 g/m² bez produžene liminacije i 5 g/m² sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata). Za celokupnu grupu ispitanika,  medijane  koncentracije metotreksta  bile  su 25,82 μmol/l u 24. satu, 0,68 μmol/l u 36. satu i 0,24 μmol/l u 42. satu merenja. Najizraženija interindividualna varijabilnost u koncentracijama metotreksata bila je u 42. satu merenja, dok je  intraindividualna varijabilnost bila najizraženija u 36. satu merenja. Medijana  klirensa   metotreksata   bila  je 8,32   l/h. Farmakokinetički parametri  redom bili su:  medijana  volumena  centralnog  kompartmana V₁ 28,47  l, medijane konstanti k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114. Najizraženiji uticaj primenjene doze na koncentracije metotreksata pokazan je u 24.  satu  merenja, dok uticaj doze na klirens  metotreksata nije  pokazan. Prisustvo produžene eliminacije metotreksata dovodi do smanjenih vrednosti konstanta k₁₀ i k₂₁. Nije pokazana statistički značajna  interakcija ispitivanih demografskih karakteristika (uzrast, telesna površina i pol)  i koncentracija metotreksata, kao ni klirensa metotreksata. Pokazana je značajna interakcija između koncentracija metotreksata i nivoa laktat dehidrogenaze, kao i klirensa metotreksata i nivoa kreatinina i laktat dehidrogenaze. Većina ispoljenih  toksičnosti bila je umerenog stepena (<3 stepena). Najzastupljeniji klinički znak toksičnosti bio je oralni mukozitis, koji je bio većeg stepena u grupi sa većom primenjenom dozom metotreksata  (5g/m²). Najzastupljeniji  laboratorijski toksični efekti  metotreksata bili su leukopenija i anemija. Najteži stepeni laboratorijskih znakova toksičnosti (leukopenija, anemija, porast  AST,  ALT i GGT) nalazili su se u grupi sa većom dozom  (5 g/m²) i  sa produženom eliminacijom metotreksata. Osnov  za  kliničko  vođenje  pacijenata  na  terapiji visokim dozama metotreksata je terapijsko praćenje leka (therapeutic drug monitoring – TDM) zbog velikih  interindividualnih i intraindividualnih  varijabilnosti  u  farmakokinetici  leka. Rutinsko praćenje koncentracija metotreksata važno je za identifikaciju pacijenata sa povećanim rizikom od razvoja toksičnosti ,  te  je TDM  standardna  praksa  za smernice spasavanja leukovorinom, naročito za pacijente za koje se zna da imaju smanjen   klirens metotreksata ili druge rizike povezane sa prolongiranim citotoksičnim koncentracijama (bubrežna ili jetrena oštećenja, kolekcije tečnosti u “trećem prostoru”, gastrointestinalna opstrukcija). Veliki  broj  istraživanja  kod pedijatrijskih pacijenata pokazao je vezu između sistemskog izlaganja metotreksatu i  efikasnosti  i  toksiĉnosti  metotreksata. Ipak, ne postoji dovoljno  informacija o farmakokinetici metotreksata kod dece obolele od akutne limfoblastne leukemije. Takođe, ova istraživanja nisu do sada sprovođena kod dece koja su lečena u našoj sredini.
Methotrexate  is  an  antifolate  drug  widely  used  for  treatment  of  various malignant  tumours.  It  is  used  at  high  doses  and  in  combination  with leucovorin rescue.  Although  high - dose  MTX  therapy  dramatically  improves  the  prognosis  of patients with malignancies, severe adverse events are constant clinical concern. The  aims  of  this  stydy  were  to  determine  the  serum  concentration  of  methotrexate  and  to  calculate  the  pharmacokinetic  parameters  of  methotrexate  in children  suffering  from  malignant  deseases  who  are  treated  with  high  doses  of metotrexate  (2  g/m² i  5  g/m² );  furthermore,  to  investigate  the  effects  of  the  applied doses of methotrexate, and demographic and clinical characteristics of the examinees on   the   concentration   and   pharmacokinetic   parameters   of   the   drug.   The   study investigated the   presence   and   the   degree   of   clinical   and   laboratory   signs   of metotrexate  toxicity,  as  well  as  the  effect  of  the  applied  doses,  and  demographic characteristics of the examinees on the appearance and the degree of toxicity. The retrospective - prospective study included 42  pediatric patients aged from 0.75  to  17.75  years  (median  5.75  years).  All  patients  were  threated  at  the  Children and Youth Health Care Institute of Vojvodina (Novi Sad, Serbia), Hemathology and Oncology  Section,  in  the  period  from  June  20 04  to  June  2012.  38  examinees diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia were treated according to two subsequent protocols,  ALL  IC - BFM  2002  and  ALL  IC - BFM  2009  of  the  International  BFM study  group „I - BFM - SG“ (International Berlin - Frankfurt - Münster  Study  Group)  for management   of   childhood   non - B   acute   lymphoblastic   leukemia.   4   examinees diagnosed  as  non - Hodgkin  lymphoma  were  treated  according  to  the  NHL - BFM  95 protocol. The study included 113 cycles of therapy with methotrexate (1-4 cycles per patient)  with  3 86  measured  serum  concentrations  of  methotrexate.  The  range  of  the applied doses was between 800 and 10,000 mg. The  concentration  of  methotrexate  was  measured  24,  36  and  42  hours  after the initiation of the methotrexate infusion, as well as in longer time intervals when needed.  To  calculate  the  pharmacokinetic  parameters,  the  study  applied  the  two - compartment  pharmacokinetic  model  after  the  termination  of  intravenous  infusion, when  relations  for  pharmacokinetic  points  existed.  Data  on  clinical  and  laboratory signs of methotrexate toxicity were collected  from medical documentation, and the Common  Terminology  Criteria  for  Adverse  Events  (CTCAE),  Version  4.0,  U.S. Department  of  health  and  human  services,  National  Institute  of  Health,  National Cancer  Institute, was  used  as  the  score  system  for  toxicity  ranking.  In  order  to determine  the  effects  of  the examinees’  characteristics, applied  doses  and  the presence  of  prolonged  elimination on  the  parameters  of  interest,  three  groups  of patients were  compared (2 g/m² dose without prolonged elimination, 5 g/m² without prolonged elimination and 5 g/m² with prolonged elimination of methotrexate). In the  entire  group of  examinees, the median  concentration of methotrexate was  25.82 μmol/l in the 24th hour, 0.68 μmol/l in the 36th  hour  and 0.24 μmol/l in the 42nd hour of  observation. The largest inter - individual variability of methotrexate concentration  was  observed  in  the  24th  hour  while  the  largest  intra - individual variability  was  recorded  in  the  36th  hour  of  observation.  The  median  clearance  of methotrexate  was  8.32l/h.  Pharmacokinetic  parameters  were  the  following:  median volume  of  the  central  compartment V₁ 28.47  l,  median  constants k₁₀ 0,206, k₁₂ 0,0245, k₂₁ 0,1114, respectively. The   strongest   influence   of   the   applied   dose   on   the   methotrexate concentration was recorded in the 24th hour of observation while no influence on the methotrexate  clearance  was  found.  The  presence  of  prolonged  elimination  of methotrexate   causes   lower  constants k₁₀ and   k₂₁. There   was   no   statistically significant  interaction  between  the  investigated  demographic  characteristics  (age, body  surface  and  gender)  and  the  methotrexate  concentration,  nor  between  the demographic   characteristics   and   the   methotrexate   clearance.   A   significant interaction was found between methotrexate concentration and lactat dehydrogenase level, as   well   as   between   methotrexate   clearance   and   creatinine   and   lactate dehydrogenase level, respectively. Most of the observed toxicities were of moderate degree (< 3 degrees). Oral mucositis  was  the  most  represented  clinical  sign  of  toxicity,  and  it  was  of  higher degree  in  the  group  where  the  applied  dose  of  methotrexate  was  higher  (5  g/m² ). Leucopenia  and  anemia  were  the  most  represented  laboratory  toxic  effects.  The most severe laboratory signs of toxicity  (leucopenia, anemia, increase in AST, ALT and  GGT  activity)  were  observed  in  the  group  with  the  higher  dose  (5  g/m² )  and prolonged methotrexate elimination. Due to high inter- and   intra-individual    variability  of  the drug pharmacokinetics,  the  basis  for  the  clinical  care  of  patients  on  high  methotrexate dosage  therapy  is  therapeutic  drug  monitoring – TDM.  Routine  monitoring  of methotrexate serum concentration is important for the identification of patients with a high  risk  of  toxicity,  and  thus  TDM  is  used  as  a  standard  procedure  which  provides guidelines  for  leucovorin  rescue,  particularly  for  patients  with  a  lower  methotrexate clearance or other risks associated with prolonged cytotoxic concent rations (kidney or liver  damage,  body  fluid  accumulation  in  the  “third  space”,  gastrointestinal obstruction). Numerous studies involving pediatric patients have documented the link between  a  systemic  methotrexate  exposure  on  one  hand,  and  the  efficiency  and toxicity of  ethotrexate on the other hand. However, there is no sufficient data on the methotrexate    pharmacokinetics   in   children   suffering   from   acute   lymphoblastic leukemia.   Moreover,   this   type   of   research,   involving   children   treated   in   the geographical region of this study, have not been conducted.

This article develops the historical process of the formation of the concept of decent work, its basic guidelines and as its content has been altered by the increasing globalization of the market and the globalization of labor rights. Finally, after analyzing the notion of decent work from different perspectives, the author focus on the cumulative perspective and develop its content.
El presente artículo desarrolla el procedimiento histórico de la formación del concepto de trabajo decente, sus lineamientos básicos y como su contenido se ha ido alterando por la creciente globalización del mercado y la universalización de los derechos laborales. Finalmente, después de haber analizado la noción de trabajo decente desde diferentes perspectivas, el autor se centrara en la perspectiva cumulativa y desarrollará su contenido.

The Canadian firm of Jacques & Hay was in business for fifty years, during which the company, if The Globe (Toronto) is to be believed, furnished the Province of Canada. This was a stunning and largely undocumented success. Jacques & Hay was one of the largest employers in the province and dominated the cabinet-making trade from 1835 to 1885. In 1871, Jacques & Hay employed 430 men and 50 women in a vertically-integrated operation that included a sawmill, two factories and a showroom. Jacques & Hay produced abundant furniture at reasonable prices. The availability of such household furnishings greatly enhanced domestic life in nineteenth-century Canada, providing scope for a more elaborate social life and allowing more people to achieve a greater sense of comfort and decency in their living arrangements.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "...in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Languages Spanish." Discipline: Romance Languages; Department/School: Romance Languages.

Dual energy CT (DECT) has become a hot topic for its high detection precision and robust material identification ability in the field of nuclear safety and security inspection. However, the high cost of the system becomes a big limitation for its wide usage. To solve this problem, in 2009, we have proposed a dual energy CT reconstruction method with reduced data (DECT-RD) requiring much fewer data to reduce the cost of detectors. However, it is a simple idea without more analyzing in the process of solving ill-posed equations. In this paper, we tried to solve ill-posed equations with constraint condition (DECT-RDCC) and least squares (DECT-RDLS) respectively. Numerical simulations are done by using DECT-RD, DECT-RDCC and DECT-RDLS in the same situation, only 7 dual energy detector bins instead of 256 complete bin sampling in each projection. Results demonstrated that DECT-RDCC with relative error less than 1.1% is better than DECT-RD with relative error less than 1.8% while DECT-RDLS plays a more exact and steady role with relative error less than 0.6% than DECT-RDCC. Hence, DECT-RDLS is a better method used to obtain much lower system cost. We believe this work will drive DECT into wide usage.

This paper presents a new configuration of an electric field sensor, named “Differential Electric-Field Sensitive Field Effect Transistor” (DeFET). The new configuration which has different gate distances of DeFET is designed to detect tiny particles. The new design can be used in environmental applications such as one can detect carbon dioxide concentration in air. This paper also reviews the DeFET’s theory of operation and presents simulation which confirms the basic idea of the DeFET.