Dissertationen zum Thema „Débit de dose gamma“
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Lacoste-Collin, Laetitia. „Etude des effets d'une irradiation continue à très faible dose de rayonnements gamma sur la longévité et le système immunitaire de la souris SJL/J“. Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/809/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe report the effects of a continuous gamma-rays 10 cGy per year on life span and immune parameters of SJL/J mice (a mice strain prone to B-cell lymphoma). This kind of irradiation led to a slight non significant lengthening of total survival (ST50 : 404 days versus 386 days in controls) and survival with lymphoma (ST50 : 417 days versus 397 days in controls), an enhancement of the immune cytotoxicity (NK CD49+ cells significantly increased at the age of 28, p = 0,01 and 32 weeks, p = 0,02) as well as a decrease of tumoral cell proliferation at 42 weeks (p=0. 01). These results appear as additional evidence in favor of the lack of adverse effects of very low doses of gamma-rays on life span and contribute to raise doubt on the validity of using the linear no-threshold dogma for evaluating the carcinogenic risk
Al, Saleh Mohammed. „SPADAR : Situation-aware and proactive analytics for dynamic adaptation in real time“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAlthough radiation level is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring, many existing systems are designed to perform this task. Radiation Early Warning System (REWS) is one of these systems which monitors the gamma radiation level in the air. Such a system requires high manual intervention, depends totally on experts' analysis, and has some shortcomings that can be risky sometimes. In this thesis, the RIMI (Refining Incoming Monitored Incidents) approach will be introduced, which aims to improve this system while becoming more autonomous while keeping the final decision to the experts. A new method is presented which will help in changing this system to become more intelligent while learning from past incidents of each specific system
Boch, Jérôme. „Effet du faible débit dose sur les technologies bipolaires“. Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBipolar technologies play a variety of important roles in space systems where they are exposed to radiation. In an ionizing environment, the base current of bipolar transistors increases and the current gain decreases. Increased recombination in the emitter-base depletion region is the main mechanism responsible for the increased base current. Many bipolar technologies degrade more at low dose rates than at high dose rates for a given total dose what is a difficult hardness assurance challenge. Methods of predicting the low-dose-rate response using laboratory dose rates, including irradiation at high temperature, have been reasonably successful at identifying technologies that suffer from ELDRS, but it is still difficult to identify a single test for all bipolar technologies. The aim of this work is then to investigate and improve the present methods in order to establish a sigle test for all bipolar technologies. Based on experimental results, physical explanation of phenomena occurring during elevated temperature irradiations has been proposed and a model of degradation has been expanded. From the observation of all the obtained results, a new approach of the device testing, based on the switching from high dose rate to low dose rate has been proposed
Mazeron, Jean-Jacques. „Effets biologiques relatifs au débit de dose en curiethérapie interstitielle“. Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120019.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHannoun-Lévi, Jean-Michel. „Optimisation de la distribution de dose en curiethérapie de haut débit“. Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4060.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAl, Ahmad Faten. „Définition d'un système de dosimétrie tridimensionnelle en curiethérapie à débit de dose pulsé“. Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2005_AL_AHMAD_F.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCT -based brachytherapy and the pulsed dose rate irradiation allowed anatomy-based dose optimisation and dose evaluation. The principal interest of dose optimisation is to obtain an homogenous target volume coverage and a protection of the normal tissues and the organs at risk. The object of our work was to define a CT -based dosimetry system for pulsed dose rate brachytherapy. We defined, in this work, the necessary components to having 3D dosimetry system. We studied the possibility of having a 3D dosimetry system in phantoms of regular and irregular implant, and in clinical gynaecological and oropharyngeal implants. We showed that the ruIe of Paris system for the implantation is the easiest way to obtain a good implant which cover fully the target volume with an homogenous dose distribution, nevertheless, this ruIe is sometimes difficult to get. For that, dose distribution optimisation is needed. We studied the different optimisation methods, and showed the necessary specific factors for the application of each method. We studied the capacity and the limitation of the geometry-based optimisation methods (direct optimisation). The needed of anatomy-based optimisation method take the lead to define a fully 3D dosimetry system. The inverse planning by IPSA method was studied to having a dosimetry system available for aIl clinical implants. We completed the dosimetry system with the de finition of dose distribution evaluation process. The dose evaluation process includes the information about the anatomy and about the dose distribution homogeneity. This work showed the possibility to obtain a conformaI dose distribution to the target volume with normal tissues and organs at risk protection. Anatomy-based dosimetry system could be applicable for aIl clinical cases and adapt to each anatomy. A high precision for target volume and organs at risk delineation is indispensable for clinical use of anatomy-based dose calculation method
González, Yago. „La Technique des Débits Commutés pour l'évaluation de la dégradation à faible débit de dose des technologies bipolaires en environnement spatial“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20192/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBefore supplying lots of components for the manufacture of orbital systems, large space agencies (CNES, ESA, NASA, JAXA ...) and the Industrial Space (EADS, Thales, ...) should ensure the reliability lots offered by manufacturers of integrated circuits. In order to ensure reliability of components, tests are performed following recommendations to select and sort the components according to their resistance to different failure modes. Of all these tests, some are typical for space applications: tests held in the dose. The specificity of the tests held at the dose of components for space applications due to the fact that the environment is a space radiation environment which causes ionization in the materials of the satellite. Following this ionization charges are created in the material and induce changes in the materials that comprise integrated circuits, which can cause drift of their electrical characteristics. These abuses of the electrical parameters in a space environment can be viewed as accelerated aging of electronic components, and tests are dedicated to predict and verify the correct operation of the components even after the accelerated aging caused by dose. In this thesis we investigate the applicability of a technique for accelerated testing of components developed in bipolar UM2: 'The technique of Switched Flows'. A study of the effect of the polarization during irradiation was conducted during this thesis, to understand the impact of the polarization of the bipolar components on the estimates obtained in an accelerated manner using this technique
Edimo, Paul. „Analyse de frontière stochastique pour l'optimisation des plans en curiethérapie haut débit de dose“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30683.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrachytherapy is a special modality of radiotherapy for cancerous tissues treatment. Unlike external radiotherapy, this form of radiation therapy modality uses sealed radiation sources positioned permanently or temporarily within (or close to) the treatment volume. Brachytherapy treatment modality has benefited from technological advances such as the use of remote afterloading units and the development of new dose optimization algorithms that led to the improvement of treatment plans quality. However, the treatment planning process, regardless of the optimization algorithm used for dose calculation in the treatment planning system (TPS), still requires a strong interaction between the planner and the TPS. This strong interaction not only increases the planning time, but also often leads to final plans whose quality depends on the planner’s judgment, as well as planner’s experience. The goal of the current project was to develop models for the optimization of the quality of high dose rate prostate brachytherapy plans, based on patient’s specific geometric parameters, using stochastic frontier analysis, a method of economic modeling. Geometric parameters involved in the modeling process are the volume of structures of interest such as the clinical target volume (CTV) and organs at risk (OARs); the Hausdorff distance between CTV and OARs, and a third parameter measuring the degree of non-parallelism of catheters within the prostate. The built models are expected to be helpful in the treatment planning process by predicting dosimetric parameters values attainable at the starting point of the treatment planning. They will provide valuable indications in advance, on the level of dose reduction to OARs, as well as, the target volume coverage achievable. Models were built for dosimetric parameters of interest analyzed in the clinic for clinical validation of plans for each structure (prostate, bladder, rectum and urethra). The modelling results based on a dataset of 495 plans show that the developed models can be helpful to assist planner in the optimization process based on the geometric parameters profile of each plan, thus minimizing the impact of the judgment and the planner’s experience on the final quality plan. Furthermore, their use can be extended as an accurate means for selecting optimized plans for a knowledge-based study. However, further research is required in order to investigate others geometric parameters, as well as, for the clinical benchmarking the performance of the developed models before their implementation in a clinical setting.
Hu, Xiaoliang. „A New Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Paradigm: Tomosurgery“. online version, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1170292131.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFortune, Eugene C. IV. „Gamma and neutron dose profiles near a Cf-252 brachytherapy source“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34781.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePerez, Stéphanie. „Etude des effets de dose et débit de dose sur des amplificateurs à technologies bipolaires. Mise en application sur le satellite Robusta“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20075/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe aggressive space radiation environment constitutes a major cause of failure for components and systems on board the satellites. Bipolar transistors are know to be sensitive to ionizing radiation and may present dose rate effect (ELDRS). A greater degradation is observed at low dose rate. Current standards test methods can not fully take into account this sensitivity to the dose rate. The new Dose rate Switching test methodology takes into account this ELDRS effect. A Payload developed on the Robusta satellite and presented here will allow a first validation of the method. Classical amplifier (VFA) whose dose rate sensibility is well known and induce circuit effects, that means a non monotonous degradation of parameters related to antagonist phenomena, will be loaded on board Robusta satellite and used to validated the method. The satellite Payload is composed of LM124 and LM139. The low dose rate choice and the different switching applied relied on mission radiation analysis. This method allowed to reproduce the dose induced degradation of the components in half the time it takes at low dose rate. The results produced can then, after Robusta is launched, be compared to low dose rate data obtained in flight. A second study on current conveyor amplifier (CFA), so far very little studied, demonstrated the sensitivity to ionizing dose of this type of amplifier and identified new effects circuits. This study was conducted using three different types of irradiation and based on a circuit analysis. Irradiations and circuit analysis have shown that the amplitude of the degradation measured on the different parameters studied is erratic and depends on the perfect symmetry of the circuit: a slight discrepancy in the process between two transistors will induce a more or less significant symmetry in the parameters degradation. This early work will be a base for various studies, including the study of synergy dose/SET or synergy dose/EMC on CFA
Desbiens, Maxime. „Dosimétrie Monte Carlo de curiethérapie interstitielle à haut débit de dose pour le cas gynécologique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28597/28597.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleHigh dose rate brachytherapy using an Ir-192 remote afterloader can be successfully used in the management of gynecologic malignancies. Treatment can be either interstitial or endocavitary depending of the tumor caracteritics and patient’s anatomy. Clinically, the dosimetry is made through the application of the TG-43 formalism. The purpose of this study is to assess with Monte Carlo (MC) method and for an interstitial treatment dosimetric effects of the presence of the applicator and air pockets in clinical target volume and organs at risk along with tissue heterogeneities. As a related work, assessment of the effects of shielding and applicator diameters on the dose distribution of intracavitary treatment and voxelisation effects of the applicator in an interstitial treatment has been performed. In all cases, dosimetry has been achieved with the Geant4 MC toolkit. Results have shown that, in some situations, MC simulations lead to significant dose corrections.
Courtade-Saïdi, Monique. „Les Effets d'une irradiation γ chronique à très faible débit de dose sur la souris“. Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30107.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBourque, Alexandre. „Amélioration du calcul de dose TG-43 en curiethérapie à bas débit par un algorithme de dose primaire et diffusée sur processeur graphique“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29312/29312.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrachytherapy dose calculations have been relying since 1995 on a formalism that considers the whole geometry as a homogeneous water tank. This gives the opportunity to compute dose distributions within a reasonable clinical timeframe, but with considerable approximations that can influence or even change the treatment. This work presents an upgraded version of this formalism derived from the TG-43 protocol (AAPM), currently used in actual treatment planning systems. The new algorithm includes a primary and scatter dose separation using ray-tracing operation to account for heterogeneities through the medium. These modifications to the dose calculation are very power consuming and too long for the clinical needs when executed on modern CPUs. With the GPGPU technology, a GPU-driven algorithm allows a complex handling of the anatomic heterogeneities in the dose calculation and keeps execution times below 0.5 s/seed. The algorithm was named TG-43-RT for TG-43 with Ray-Tracing and accelerations factors of three order of magnitude were obtained over a regular CPU implementation. The TG-43-RT algorithm adequatly corrects dose deposition along heterogeneities and it reduces interseed attenuation effects. Dose is scored in the medium instead of water, which also applies a severe correction for high heterogeneous medium like the breast. Deviations of more than 80% in dose deposition were obtained over calcification inside the prostate when compared to Monte Carlo simulations. This kind of deviation influences DVH shape. However, the TG-43-RT was keeping those deviations within the 8.7% uncertainty range (2σ) associated with a regular TG-43 evaluation as stated in the TG-138. Monte Carlo simulations were used as a gold standard to get an absolute dose calculation reference. The algorithm was also tested in a prostate phantom with 125I seeds and in a breast phantom with 103Pd seeds to mimic real anatomic geometries and unify the applied corrections.
Gasser, Estelle. „Spectrométrie gamma au laboratoire et in situ : développements et applications environnementales“. Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE007/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleΓ-ray spectrometry enables determining all γ-ray emitters in a sample with a single measurement. Self-absorption of γ-rays in samples is manifest by a loss or a gain of pulses that results in a poor estimation of the counting efficiency. To characterize a new counting geometry improvements of the existing set-up were made with MCNPX simulations. With the new geometry we could specify absorbed and annual effective doses as well as dose conversion factors for the natural radioisotopes of several building materials and soil samples. Simulations show the influence of detection limits of γ-radiation on dose conversion factors and the need for updating these factors. γ-ray measurements of soil in situ require different counting efficiencies simulated by MCNPX for a semi-infinite source. Two in-situ soil analyses were made, one around a nuclear power and the other for a private company
Xu, Yingdong. „Effects of low dose gamma radiation on the human immunodeficiency virus-1“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ61208.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChanterault, Christophe. „Étude numérique et expérimentale des mécanismes de dégradation dans les structures de silice épaisses à faible débit de dose“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIkbal, Sofia Mahomed. „Controle de qualidade do TPS Gamma Plan“. Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8766.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleQuinn, Bruce David 1955. „Dose rate measurements in the cobalt-60 gamma irradiation facility using thermoluminescent dosimeters“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277923.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAyotte, Guylaine. „Optimisation de la position et du nombre de cathéters en curiethérapie interstitielle à haut débit de dose“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27116/27116.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonora, Lionel. „Dégradation des technologies bipolaires et bicmos par radiations ionisantes : implications en assurance qualité pour l'industrie spatiale“. Toulouse, ENSAE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ESAE0006.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBalogun, G. I. „Calculation of ground gamma radiation dose rates in the vicinity of the Chernobyl accident“. Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46659.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKelm, Robert S. „In-water neutron and gamma dose determination for a new Cf-252 brachytherapy source“. Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28121.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCAMPOS, MARCIA P. de. „Toronio no ar .Avaliacao da dose ocupacional“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10769.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
FERREIRA, DANILO C. „Dosimetria de processos de irradiacao gama com diodos comerciais de silicio“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9451.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
O'Neill, Kathleen J. „The effect of low dose gamma irradiation on the metabolism of some toxigenic Fusarium spp“. Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317470.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTrigila, Carlotta. „Development of a portable gamma imaging system for absorbed radiation dose control in molecular radiotherapy“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS285.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTargeted radionuclide therapy is still a developing area among the different treatment modalities against cancer. However, its range of applications is rapidly expanding thanks to the emergence of new radiopharmaceuticals labeled with beta or alpha emitters (peptides, ²²³ Ra alpha-therapy, ²²¹ As alpha- immunotherapy, ...) (Ersahin 2011). In that context, the large heterogeneity of absorbed doses and the range of effects observed, both in terms of toxicity and response, demonstrate that individualized patient dosimetry is essential to optimize this therapy (Strigari 2011). In clinical practice, patient-specific dosimetry of tumors and organs-at-risk (liver, kidney, ...) is image-based and rely on the quantification of radio- pharmaceutical uptake as a function of time. These images can be obtained from either a pre-therapy tracer study or from a previous therapy procedure. The detection constraints imposed by the treatment protocols are very different from those associated with diagnostic imaging. (Flux 2011 Konijnenberg 2011). Thus, conventional gamma cameras are not suited for detecting high activity of gamma emitters with energy below 100 keV (²²³ Ra) or greater than 300 keV (¹³¹ I, ⁹⁰Y ). Moreover, high activities of the injected tracer typically require isolation of the patient, making the use of standard imaging devices difficult. Finally, the availability of these devices is incompatible with an accurate temporal sampling of the kinetics of the tracer, which is a key parameter for the quantification of the absorbed doses. The objective of my thesis was precisely to propose new instrumental and methodological approaches aiming to strengthen the control of the dose released to patients during molecular radiotherapy. This is achieved by reducing the uncertainties associated to activity quantification (and therefore to the absorbed dose calculation) through the use of a compact and highly optimized imaging system. Specifically, the work consisted in the development and optimization of a miniaturized, high-resolution mobile gamma camera specifically designed to improve the individual quantitative assessment of the heterogeneous distribution and biokinetics of the radiotracer before and after treatment administration. The study was focused on the treatment of benign and malign thyroid disease with ¹³¹ I. The first prototype of the mobile camera, with a field of view of 5x5 cm², consists of a high-energy parallel- hole collimator, optimized with Monte Carlo simulation and made with 3D printing, coupled to a 6 mm thick continuous CeBr3 scintillator readout by a recent and well-suited technology based on arrays of Silicon Pho- tomultiplier (SiPMs) detectors. Its intrinsic properties, in term of energy and spatial response, have been tested with collimated point source of ⁵⁷Co and ¹³³Ba. The first feasibility prototype has been then calibrated with a line and five cylindrical sources filled with ¹³¹ I. The system calibration leads to an overall spatial resolution of (3.14±0.03) mm at a distance of 5 cm and a sensitivity that decreases with distance and slightly changes with source size. An average sensitivity of (1.23±0.01) cps/MBq has been found at 5 cm. In order to test the quantification capability of the camera, the first preclinical planar studies involved the use of different 3D-printed thyroid phantoms filled with ¹³¹ I, with and without nodules. Although corresponding to a relatively ideal, but realistic, clinical situation (no superimposition of background activity), the optimized imaging features of the camera leads to very promising results, with activity recovery factors that deviate of around 2% from the unity
Bonenfant, Éric. „Simulations Monte Carlo sur processeur graphique en curiethérapie à bas débit de dose pour le cancer de la prostate“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30429/30429.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSCAFF, LUIZ A. M. „Metodo de calculo de dose na irradiacao de todo o corpo com raios gama do cobalto-60“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10901.
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IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Ducret, Samuel. „Étude de l'effet de débit de dose : une nouvelle approche de la fiabilité des technologies bipolaires pour l'environnement radiatif spatial“. Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20186.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleANTONIO, FILHO JOAO. „Otimizacao do sistema de radioprotecao nas instalacoes radiograficas de gamagrafia“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1999. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10765.
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IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Cavallone, Marco. „Application of laser-plasma accelerated beams to high dose-rate radiation biology“. Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAX063.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer is the second leading cause of death globally, accounting for an estimated 9.6 million deaths, or one in six deaths, in 2018. Besides surgery and chemotherapy, radiotherapy is one of the major treatment modality. It consists in the use of ionising radiation to kill cancerous cells by depositing energy into the tumour and destroying the genetic material that controls how cells grow and divide. While both cancerous and healthy cells are damaged by radiation, the goal of radiotherapy is to increase the treatment selectivity by sparing as much as possible the healthy tissues. Optimisation of the selectivity reposes on several aspects, including spatial optimisation of the dose, precision of imaging techniques and dosimetry instruments, use of different radiations and temporal structures of dose delivery. In particular, the role of the dose-rate and the total irradiation time has not been extensively explored yet.Clinical accelerators typically deliver the dose with a dose rate around few Gy/min, leading to exposure times in the order of few minutes to deliver a therapeutic dose. While the effect of a reduction of the dose rate in the order of cGy/min is well known, the effect of high-dose rate, fast irradiation on living cells still need to be elucidated. Evidences of an effect of the high dose-rate on the biological response have been recently observed in many studies. In particular, in-vivo studies performed with electrons and photons produced by accelerator prototypes have shown that delivering the prescribed dose in a short exposure time (<500ms) and at a high dose-rate (>40Gy/s) increases the treatment selectivity by reducing the occurrence of secondary effects on healthy tissues compared to conventional treatments with the same total dose. Although theoretical explanations underpinning such phenomenon are still under discussion, the so-called FLASH protocol has been successfully tested with the first human patient in 2019, paving the way for further research in this domain. These important results point out the importance of the dose delivery modality on the treatment selectivity and the potential benefit that high dose-rate protocols may bring to clinics, asking for a deeper understanding of the physico-chemical and biological processes following fast dose deposition.In this scenario, Laser-Driven Particle (LDP) beams represent a unique tool to shed some light on the radiobiological response following high-dose rate irradiation. LDP sources are produced by focusing an ultra-short (~fs) and ultra-intense (1019 W/cm2) laser pulse on a solid or gaseous thin target (~μm), producing proton and electron bunches with duration of respectively a few picoseconds and a few femtoseconds. These characteristics allow the reach of extremely high peak dose-rate in the pulse of the order of ~109 Gy/s in comparison with conventional and FLASH treatment protocols. For this reason, LDP sources have been receiving great attention in the last decade, but their radiobiological effect is still debated and further systematic studies are required.This thesis discusses the potential of both Laser-Accelerated Protons (LAP) and Laser-Accelerated Electrons (LAE) produced by different types of commercially available high-power lasers systems. In particular, it presents experimental and theoretical studies carried out with three different types of LDP beams, i.e. Hz LAPs, single-shot LAPs and kHz LAEs, enabling different temporal modalities of dose delivery. The goal is to address some of the main issues related to the application of such sources to radiation biology and show viable solutions and irradiation protocols to perform systematic radiobiology studies. Such issues include accurate characterisation of the source, optimisation of the dose distribution at the biological target through the design of adapted transport beamlines and investigation of the behaviour of dosimetric instruments for high dose-rate dosimetry
Therriault-Proulx, François. „DÉVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVEAUX DOSIMÈTRES À SCINTILLATEURS PLASTIQUES POUR DES APPLICATIONS IN VIVO EN RADIOTHÉRAPIE ET CURIETHÉRAPIE À HAUT DÉBIT DE DOSE“. Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29683/29683.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe goal of this thesis is to develop new plastic scintillation dosimetry systems to enable the measurement of in vivo doses in real time and the verification of the treatment delivery accuracy for radiation therapy, especially for high dose rate brachytherapy. The necessity to account for the stem effect light produced in the optical guide by radiation was first shown. The detector built for this study was then used to verify its accuracy to measure dose in real time during the delivery of a typical prostate treatment plan in high dose rate brachytherapy. This measurement was performed inside a water phantom. Dose deposited at each dwell position, inside each catheter and for the entire treatment delivery was measured and compared to the treatment planning system. Another part of this research project was on the development of an approach to render possible measurement at multiple positions with the use of multiple scintillating elements and only a single collecting optical guide. Plastic scintillation detectors with 2 and 3 points of measurement were first developed and used under external beam high energy radiation therapy. The approach enabled the calculation of different signal contributions over the total optical signal; a study was then performed to evaluate the importance of the fluorescence component on the total stem effect under a variety of irradiation modalities and conditions. Finally, a 3-point detector was inserted inside a single catheter to perform dosimetry under Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy in a water phantom. Its accuracy to measure dose was demonstrated. An uncertainty budget was also calculated in order to evaluate the limitations of this detector for its clinical potential as a real-time in vivo dosimeter.
REIS, FABRICIO C. „Levantamento da entomofauna de plantas medicinais, aromáticas e condimentares e desinfestação pelo processo de irradiação“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2013. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10538.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Shakshak, Bashir I. O. „The measurements of neutron and gamma dose rates in mixed radiation fields, using a liquid scintillation counter“. Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/8071/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRohling, Heide. „Simulation studies for the in-vivo dose verification of particle therapy“. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-175213.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWIENDL, TONI A. „Efeitos de baixas doses de radiacao do Co-60 (radio-hormesis) em sementes de tomate“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9545.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Faraggi, Marc. „Modélisation de la dose délivrée par les électrons au niveau cellulaire : Application aux émissions électroniques des principaux radio-éléments utilisés en médecine nucléaire à visée diagnostique“. Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132026.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelisle, Jordan. „Du criblage par microscopie à haut débit à la caractérisation de nouvelles protéines impliquées dans la morphogenèse et la maintenance du génome chez Bacillus subtilis“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0253.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleModern genomics has lead to an exponential increase in the number of available genomes, such that we can nolonger only use a "gene-by- gene" candidate approach to determine gene function. The team in which I did my Ph.D decided to develop a high-throughput fluorescencemicroscopy screening approach to analyze a mutant library of the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis at the single-cell level. The aim was to identify mutants altered in cellular processes such as morphogenesis, division andchromosome dynamics. This approach allowed us to identify 6 novel proteins involvedin these cellular processes, and during my thesis, I focused on two of them.The first candidate is TseB. Its absence leads to a morphological defect. Mutant cells are shorter and wider thanwild-type cells. Through genetic andbiochemical approaches, we showed that TseB belongs to the cell wall elongation machinery and directly interacts with PBP2A, a transpeptidase of this complex. Our data support the idea that TseB could induce a conformational change in PBP2A that would increase substrate affinity.My second project was the characterization of the TerA protein. When a ΔterA mutant is grown in minimummedium, cells exhibit a chromosome organization defect. We know that a terA mutant is more sensitive to theoxidative stress than the wild-type strain. Moreover, we showed that replication is blocked near the terminus region in theabsence of TerA. Our hypothesis is that TerA contributes to repair of DNA damages induced by oxidative stress. It mayrecruit specialized enzymes to these lesions
Massager, Nicolas. „Influence de la distribution de dose d'irradiation dans la variation de l'effet radiobiologique du traitement radiochirurgical par Gamma Knife“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210380.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDoctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Mohd, Radzi Juliana Binti [Verfasser], und Frederik [Akademischer Betreuer] Wenz. „Treatment plan optimization based on biologically effective dose in Gamma Knife radiotherapy / Juliana Binti Mohd Radzi ; Betreuer: Frederik Wenz“. Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225558077/34.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZerabruk, MA. „Repair of sub-lethal damage following single and split-dose irradiation using 60co-gamma and p(66)Be neutrons“. Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1504.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn clinical radiotherapy, experiments are performed to determine optimal conditions of the radiation prior to radiotherapy. These experiments focus on the relative biological effectivness(RBE) determination and are predominantly applied in high linear energy transfer (LET) radiations i.e. fast neutrons, as the RBE values for such radiations vary greatly. In general, the RBE of a certain radiation relative to a given reference radiation flCo gamma) varies widely with the energy, dose, dose rate, fractionation, type of tissue and end-point used. Experience with neutron therapy at iThemba LABS has shown that treatment with more fractions and lower doses per fraction may be beneficial for some patients. To calculate the iso-effective treatment dose needed, an appropriate alp ratio for early effects is needed. In this study, the repair of mouse jejunum was measured for split-dose irradiations to determine if a suitable alP ratio for neutrons could be estimated using the known value for gamma rays and the applicable RBE.. Crypt stem cell survival was measured 3.5 days after split-dose exposures to p(66)/Be neutrons and 6OCo gamma rays. Dose response curves for both treatment modalities and for both acute and fractionated exposures were constructed by counting crypts of Leiberkhiin at the base of the villi in haematoxylin and Eosin-stained sections of mouse jejunum. Using a RBE value of 1.64 and an alP ratio of 7Gy noted for tbe fractionated photon exposures, an alP ratio of 11.5 IV could be estimated for neutrons.
Boucher, Didier. „Effet de faible débit de dose de rayonnement Y sur l'induction et la signalisation des dommages complexes de l'ADN dans les cellules de mammifère“. Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T036.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNygren, Nelly. „Optimization of the Gamma Knife Treatment Room Design“. Thesis, KTH, Fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300904.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleStrålsäkerhet är en viktig aspekt vid uppförandet av behandlingsrum för strål-terapisystem. Strålningsnivåerna som sjukvårdspersonal och allmänheten kan exponeras för utanför behandlingsrummet regleras av myndigheter och påverkar vilken väggtjocklek som behövs och vilka platser som är lämpliga att placera systemen på. Flertalet metoder för strålskyddsberäkning existerar, men de är inte väl anpassade till det stereotaktiska radiokirurgiska systemet Leksell Gamma Knife, eftersom det har ett inbyggt strålskydd. Det inbyggda strålskyddet gör att strålfältet runt Gamma Knife är anisotropt och generellt har lägre energi än primärstrålningen från systemets koboltkällor. Förenklingar som görs rörande strålfältet i flera existerande metoder för strålskyddsberäkning kan leda till att överdrivet tjocka strålskydd används eller begränsa antalet lämpliga platser att placera systemet på. I detta projekt utvecklades en dosberäkningsalgoritm, som i två steg använder data genererad genom Monte Carlo-simuleringar. Algoritmen använder ett fasrum för att detaljerat beskriva strålfältet runt Gamma Knife. Information om enskilda fotoner i fältet används sen i kombination med ett genererat bibliotek av data som beskriver det dosbidrag som en foton bidrar med utanför behandlingsrummet, baserat på fotonens energi och väggarnas tjocklek. Dosberäkningsalgoritmen är snabb nog att integreras i optimeringsprocesser där den används iterativt samtidigt som rumsdesignparametrar varieras. I denna rapport demonstreras ett fall med ett rum av bestämd storlek, där positionen av Gamma Knife i rummet och väggarnas tjocklekar varieras. Optimeringens syfte i exemplet är att hitta den rumsdesign som med de minsta väggtjocklekarna resulterar i acceptabla strålningsnivåer utanför rummet. Resultaten tyder på att dosberäkningsalgoritmen sannolikt kan användas i mer komplexa optimeringar med fler designvariabler och mer avancerade designmål.
NUNES, THAISE C. F. „Avaliacao dos efeitos da radiacao gama em vegetais da especie Brassica oleracea minimamente processados“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9465.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Dziri, Samir. „Etudes expérimentales et simulations Monte Carlo en spectrométrie gamma: Correction des effets de cascade et de matrice pour des mesures environnementales“. Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995929.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleVisbal, Jorge Homero Wilches. „Determinação de espectros de energia de elétrons clínicos do eixo central a partir de curvas de porcentagem de dose em profundidade de feixes largos“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-12092018-190135/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn radiotherapy, energy spectrum is the most critical component of any electron beam. Knowledge of energy spectrum is important for accurate dose calculation, treatment planning applications and realistic simulations. Inverse reconstruction derives energy spectrum from the measured percentage depth dose using an appropriate mathematical model. There are several advantages to using inverse reconstruction: i) it does not require any supplementary equipment or detailed knowledge of the geometry head and composition; ii) the equipment for measurement of the percentage depth dose is standard and already available in any clinic and iii) it is computationally fast. In this work, we used the inverse reconstruction method based on the synergy simulated annealing generalized-Tikhonov regularization. Validation of inverse reconstruction was done by comparing the measured and reconstructed percentage depth dose via the gamma index. Results show the reconstructed electron energy spectra accurately reproduce the clinical dose percentage as well as o-axis dose values. Therefore, it was concluded that the method employed is eective to reconstruct energy spectra that eectively represent accelerator energy spectra reaching the phantom surface. Consequently, under certain limits, they could aid in realistic simulations of treatment.
RODRIGUES, JUNIOR ARY de A. „Câmara de ionização aplicada a medidas de altas taxas de dose“. reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2005. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11352.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Poulin, Éric. „Conception et validation d'un système pour la planification et le guidage en temps réel des traitements de curiethérapie à haut débit de dose du sein“. Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26351.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThis thesis focuses on the development and validation of different tools to increase the efficacy of high dose rate (HDR) breast brachytherapy treatments. The project goal aim at designing and validating a new system for real-time guidance and planning of HDR breast brachytherapy treatments, based mainly on 3D ultrasound (3DUS). As a first step, a clinical study was performed using the first linear 3DUS prototype developed by our group. This study has shown the limitations of the current system (ex : small acquisition volume, no catheter tracking possibility) and that 3DUS volumes are three times smaller than computed tomography volumes. As a second step, a catheter optimization algorithm was developed. The algorithm was shown to be robust to catheter implantation errors and it was possible to reduce significantly the number of catheters without having a significant negative impact on the dosimetry. As a third step, a study was designed to compare the present catheter optimization algorithm to the only commercially available algorithm, HIPO. The results demonstrated that the HIPO algorithm produce significantly worse plan, in term of dosimetry, than the algorithm that was developed in the present thesis. As a fourth step, two methods were developed for personalized, real-time planning of breast HDR brachytherapy treatments. The two methods were efficient and they were able to reduce the number of catheters. A proof-of-concept was validated and it demonstrated the potential of a personalized, real-time planning approach for breast HDR brachytherapy. Using the experience acquired during the clinical study, a new 3DUS system was developed. The system includes a new hybrid acquisition approach and a module for catheter tracking. The results presented in this study have shown the ability of the hybrid 3DUS system to accurately measure linear dimensions and volumes. Furthermore, it allows the reconstruction of the catheters trajectory with accuracy as well as track them in real-time. Finally, in order to dynamically reconstruct catheters, an electromagnetic tracking system was validated. This study has shown that the reconstruction of catheters, in HDR brachytherapy, is significantly more accurate and precise with an electromagnetic tracking system than with the conventional methods.
Collins, Fekete Charles-Antoine. „Étude Monte Carlo des effets de l’orientation des sources et de la présence de calcifications dans la curiethérapie de prostate à bas débit de dose“. Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25577.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleProstatic brachytherapy is performed by inserting radioactive seeds in a tumoral zone. Because of time constraint, clinical planning considers those seeds as point sources in a water medium. This thesis presents the quantification of the impact of two perturbing effects on the dosimetry, evaluated through a Monte Carlo algorithm, in prostatic brachytherapy. Seeds orientation, actually neglected, may alter the clinical dosimetry. The impact of this effect is evaluated on a cohort (n=287) of patients. No effect is calculated on the prostate or the urethra but a difference of -2%, when compared to the clinical algorithm, is calculated on the OARs. Calcifications are actually neglected in the clinical planning. A cohort of patients (n=43) with visible calcifications is used to measure the effect of this approximation. MC calculations yield a difference of -13% on the CTV D90 and -16% on the urethra D10, when compared to the clinical algorithm.