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Sjarifudin, Firza Utama. „Alur Kerja Baru Simulasi Performa Bangunan Dalam Proses Desain Parametrik“. ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 1, Nr. 2 (01.12.2010): 991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v1i2.2654.
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Makalah ini menjelaskan hubungan alur kerja baru antara program pemodelan CAD 3D (Rhino/Grasshopper) dan simulasi pencahayaan dengan (Radiance/Daysim). Alur kerja perancangan yang sangat efektif dalam Rhino disajikan secara langsung dengan mengekspor geometri, material properties, dan sensor grid ke dalam format Radiance/Daysim untuk menghitung serangkaian indikator performa termasuk peta radiasi matahari serta faktor pendistribusian pencahayaan dalam setahun. Hasil simulasi secara otomatis dikirim kembali ke dalam Rhino menggunakan pemetaan warna. Dengan menggunakan Grasshopper, parameter desain utama seperti ukuran jendela dan deskripsi material dapat diubah secara bertahap dan hasil simulasi dapat dikombinasikan menjadi sebuah simulasi performa bangunan dalam bentuk animasi transformasi parametrik. Desain alur kerja ini telah secara khusus dikembangkan bagi proses perancangan arsitektur dengan menyediakan semua feedback yang sangat berguna bagi perancang secara interaktif dari tahap rancangan skematis sampai tahap pengembangan perancangan.
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Du, Tiantian, Sabine Jansen, Michela Turrin und Andy van den Dobbelsteen. „Impact of space layout on energy performance of office buildings coupling daylight with thermal simulation“. E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103077.
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Space layout design is one of the most important phases in architectural design, and current studies have shown that it can affect building energy performance. However, its influence has not been quantified. This paper aims at investigating the impact of space layouts on building energy performance. We use the floor plan of an office building in the Netherlands as reference, and propose eleven space layouts based on the reference. Calculations are performed with the tools Honeybee and Ladybug in Grasshopper, which are developed based on Daysim and EnergyPlus, to simulate lighting, cooling and heating demand of these layouts. In addition, we couple daylight with thermal simulation, by importing the artificial lighting schedule calculated in Daysim to EnergyPlus. The result shows that the heating demand of the worst layout is 12% higher than the best layout, the cooling demand of the worst layout is 10% higher than the best layout, and the lighting demand of the worst layout is 65% higher than the best layout. The total final energy use of the worst layout is 19% higher than the best layout.
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Didoné, Evelise Leite, und Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira. „Simulação computacional integrada para a consideração da luz natural na avaliação do desempenho energético de edificações“. Ambiente Construído 10, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2010): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212010000400010.
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A luz natural é uma importante estratégia para redução do consumo de energia em edificações. Para sua previsão, recomenda-se a utilização de programas de simulação que empregam arquivos climáticos e processam as simulações com o conceito do Daylight Coefficients. O EnergyPlus, programa para simulação termoenergética, é uma dessas ferramentas. Porém, este software possui limitações no módulo de iluminação natural que superestimam a luz natural em ambientes internos. Para contornar essas limitações, o presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para avaliação da eficiência energética, considerando o aproveitamento da luz natural, através da utilização de dois programas. A metodologia consiste na avaliação do desempenho luminoso e energético através de simulação com os programas Daysim e EnergyPlus. O Daysim produz um relatório que descreve o controle da iluminação artificial que é utilizado na simulação energética do EnergyPlus, que calcula o consumo energético final dos ambientes analisados. Os resultados indicam que a metodologia proposta mostrou-se adequada para suprir as limitações do EnergyPlus e para a avaliação da eficiência energética em edificações, considerando o aproveitamento da luz natural. Este trabalho mostra um caminho alternativo e confiável para a consideração do aproveitamento da iluminação natural na avaliação da eficiência energética de edificações.
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Kwon, Choul, und Kang Lee. „Integrated Daylighting Design by Combining Passive Method with DaySim in a Classroom“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (15.11.2018): 3168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113168.
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This paper suggests a daylighting design method by combining a passive approach and advanced software to design external shading devices for daylighting in a classroom. A simplified method to predict and assess the indoor natural illuminance is a prerequisite for designers to design schools with better performance. Recently there has been growing demand for school refurbishment; mainly environmental improvement of classrooms in Korea. However, the passive approach of design has been neglected while the use of advanced simulation software has increased, requiring additional time and cost. Combining passive design methods with up-to-date numerical simulation is explored with shading devices to verify the daylighting distribution and daylight autonomy in classrooms with different orientations and shading forms. Weather tool Autodesk Ecotect, for the shading coefficient, and DaySim software (v3.0), for daylight autonomy, were adopted for the initial and the detail design stage, respectively. The findings support the linked design approaches of passive and advanced software would benefit designers in the strategic design process with further potential for design options and lighting electricity reduction.
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Atthaillah, Atthaillah, und Andik Bintoro. „USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE (UDI) PADA RUANG BELAJAR SEKOLAH DASAR DI KAWASAN URBAN PADAT TROPIS (STUDI KASUS: SD NEGERI 2 DAN 6 BANDA SAKTI, LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA)“. LANGKAU BETANG: JURNAL ARSITEKTUR 6, Nr. 2 (13.12.2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/lantang.v6i2.33940.
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Studi ini melakukan evaluasi pencahayaan alami pada ruang belajar Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 dan 6 Banda Sakti, Lhokseumawe. Sekolah tersebut berada pada lokasi urban padat dan merupakan sekolah dengan bangunan terluas di kecamatan Banda Sakti. Ada 36 (tiga puluh enam) ruang kelas yang dilakukan simulasi pencahayaan alami pada objek studi ini. Simulasi pencahayaan alami dilakukan dengan metrik useful daylight illuminance (UDI). Metrik ini menggunakan data cuaca lokasi objek penelitian dalam hal ini data cuaca Kota Lhokseumawe dalam format energyplus weather (EPW) file. Pemodelan untuk simulasi dilakukan dengan piranti Rhinoceros, sementara algoritma simulasi dibuat menggunakan Grasshopper dengan tambahan plugin Ladybug Tools. Ladybug Tools memberikan akses ke engine simulasi Daysim yang merupakan perangkat simulasi pencahayaan alami yang tervalidasi. Pada penelitian ini ketegori UDI terpenuhi dialterasi sesuai dengan standar pencahayaan alami disarankan dalam SNI 03-6197 yaitu 250-750 Lux untuk ruangan yang digunakan pada bangunan pendidikan dalam hal ini sekolah dasar. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada ruang kelas yang dikategorikan baik pada SDN 2 dan 6 Banda Sakti. Hanya terdapat 29 (dua puluh sembilan) kelas dengan kategori cukup dan 7 (tujuh) ruang dengan kategori kurangUSEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE (UDI) IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CLASSROOMS IN TROPICAL HIGH DENSITY URBAN AREA (CASE STUDY: SD NEGERI 2 AND 6 BANDA SAKTI, LHOKSEUMAWE, ACEH, INDONESIA) This study evaluated the daylight distribution within classrooms at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 2 and 6 Banda Sakti, Lhokseumawe. The school is located in high-density urban area, and it was the largest state elementary school building in Banda Sakti. 36 (thirty-six) classrooms were simulated for its daylight performance. The simulation utilized useful daylight illuminance (UDI) metric. The metric used the local weather file for Lhokseumawe in energyplus weather (EPW) format. Modeling for simulation utilized Rhinoceros; further, the simulation algorithm was created using Grasshopper with the extension of Ladybug Tools. Ladybug Tools opened access to a Daysim, a validated daylight simulation engine. In this study, the useful daylight was referenced to SNI 03-6197, which was 250-750 Lux for educational spaces at this study classrooms for the elementary school. The result showed there was none of the classroom fallen under a good category. 29 (twenty-nine) classrooms was under insufficient category and 7 (seven) classrooms under a bad category
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Panya, David Stephen, Taehoon Kim und Seungyeon Choo. „A Methodology of Interactive Motion Facades Design through Parametric Strategies“. Applied Sciences 10, Nr. 4 (11.02.2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041218.
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Interactive facades are dynamic in the translation of space in architecture, especially in the aspects of aesthetics, sustainability, adaptation to the environment, and data relay through the medium of light, motion, and embedded technology. The design of interactive facades is complicated and it requires time and effort in the comprehension of the internal functions of the facade from the conceptual stage to occupancy. The existing process of modeling the experimental level of interactive facades through mock-up and prototype models demonstrate a fragmentary outline on which the final development of the interactive façade system is based on. This research aims to analyze the motion aspect of interactive facades design and simplify the conceptual and performance design process through parametric strategies using a multi-hybrid of parametric and simulation tools, such as Rhino Grasshopper, Ladybug, and Daysim, to create interactive facade designs that can verified in a virtual reality environment while generating performance outcomes that can be optimized in a holistic and improved efficient process.
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Santos, Iara Gonçalves dos, Thomas Auer und Roberta Vieira Gonçalves de Souza. „Optimized indoor daylight for tropical dense urban environments“. Ambiente Construído 17, Nr. 3 (Juli 2017): 87–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212017000300164.
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Abstract Studies using metrics related to dynamic sky conditions for indoor daylight performance assessment in urban environment are rare in tropical latitudes. This study applied one of these metrics, the spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA 300,50% ≥75%, IES LM 83-12) for Cuiabá (15ºS, 56ºW, Brazil), a savanna climate city with a high frequency of partly cloudy skies. Parametric simulations were used to investigate the availability of daylight in dense urban areas. So daylight conditions inside a reference room with varied depths located within a continuous urban canyon were simulated with Radiance/Daysim in Grasshopper/Honeybee. Dimensions of the street and heights of front buildings (obstructions) are also varied in order to observe the relation between the sky angle and the sDA, for the four main cardinal directions. The results of regression analysis for this case study showed that among all evaluated parameters, room depth tended to be the most relevant for the optimization of indoor daylight. Finally, limitations of this approach and opportunities for further investigations were discussed.
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Rupp, Ricardo Forgiarini, und Enedir Ghisi. „Assessing window area and potential for electricity savings by using daylighting and hybrid ventilation in office buildings in southern Brazil“. SIMULATION 93, Nr. 11 (03.05.2017): 935–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549717706171.
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The aim of this study is to develop a method to assess window area based on electricity consumption in office buildings in southern Brazil. The method may be used in the preliminary building design process in order to help choose an adequate window area to minimize its impact on energy consumption, depending on climate, building size, solar orientation, and mode of operation. The method also considered thermal comfort and daylighting performance. Four cases were investigated: Case 1, building operating with artificial lighting and air-conditioning; Case 2, considering integration of daylight and artificial light with air-conditioning; Case 3, building operating with hybrid ventilation and artificial lighting; and Case 4, considering integration of daylight and artificial light with hybrid ventilation. EnergyPlus and Daysim simulation programs were used to estimate the electricity consumption for each model. The integration of daylighting with artificial light (Case 2) generates more potential for energy savings (PES) than hybrid ventilation (Case 3). Case 4 showed PES ranging from 4.2% to 64.9%, allowing larger window areas with lower consumption, resulting in the highest PES.
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Didoné, Evelise Leite, Andreas Wagner und Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira. „Estratégias para edifícios de escritórios energia zero no Brasil com ênfase em BIPV“. Ambiente Construído 14, Nr. 3 (September 2014): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212014000300003.
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Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de transformação de edifícios de escritório brasileiros em edifícios energia zero (EEZ) em diferentes climas. O estudo foi baseado em simulações computacionais, e o desenvolvimento do modelo foi dividido em três etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu na avaliação do caso protótipo (edifício referencial), que representa uma tipologia de edifícios de escritórios no Brasil. A segunda etapa consistiu no desenvolvimento do caso otimizado (edifício com baixo consumo de energia) de acordo com o regulamento de eficiência energética brasileiro. O comportamento dos dois casos foi determinado e comparado com o cálculo do balanço térmico e energético do edifício. Finalmente, o caso energia zero foi obtido por meio da aplicação de tecnologias solares (BIPV) na edificação. As simulações computacionais foram realizadas através dos programas EnergyPlus e Daysim para Fortaleza, CE, e Florianópolis, SC, cidades localizadas em diferentes zonas climáticas do Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que, em Fortaleza, mais módulos fotovoltaicos foram necessários devido ao maior consumo de energia, principalmente com refrigeração. O uso do regulamento de eficiência energética proporcionou redução no consumo de aproximadamente 50%. Porém, com o uso da janela fotovoltaica, outras estratégias foram necessárias para atingir o EEZ.
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Lima, Kamila Mendonça de, und Rosana Maria Caram. „Avaliação de sistemas de janela para suporte a decisões de projeto quanto ao equilíbrio de ganhos de luz e calor“. Ambiente Construído 15, Nr. 3 (September 2015): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212015000300030.
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O projeto de janelas considera os efeitos do meio externo, tais como o ganho de calor solar e a iluminação natural, os quais podem ser conflitantes. Este trabalho avalia o desempenho de diferentes alternativas de sistemas de janela para suporte a decisões de projeto quanto ao equilíbrio de ganhos de luz e calor no ambiente interno, com ênfase no uso de escritório no contexto do clima quente e úmido. Para isso, simulações computacionais integradas utilizando os programas Daysim e EnergyPlus foram realizadas, considerando-se o acionamento das lâmpadas apenas quando a luz natural não é suficiente para atender ao uso do ambiente. Foram variados o percentual de área de abertura, o tipo de vidro e o ângulo de sombreamento, simultaneamente, identificando-se soluções de compromisso quanto aos critérios de disponibilidade e uniformidade da luz e demanda de energia elétrica no ambiente. O controle solar pelo uso de dispositivo de proteção solar apresentou resultados substancialmente melhores que o controle solar apenas pela redução da transmissão da radiação solar do vidro. A avaliação realizada contribui para o aprofundamento da compreensão do impacto de diferentes variáveis de projeto nos fenômenos que caracterizam o desempenho da abertura de uma edificação.
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Fernandes, Luciana Oliveira, Felipe da Silva Duarte Lopes, Daniel Cóstola und Lucila Chebel Labaki. „Potencial do uso da iluminação natural com dimmers e persianas automatizadas: estudo de edifício de pequeno porte com uso comercial para diferentes orientações em clima tropical“. Ambiente Construído 18, Nr. 2 (April 2018): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000200251.
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Resumo O aproveitamento da luz diurna minimiza o consumo de energia com iluminação artificial e proporciona maior qualidade visual para seus usuários. Porém, essa estratégia deve ser estudada com cautela para que não resulte em ganhos térmicos excessivos e ofuscamento. Este artigo demonstra o potencial de economia de energia, qualidade visual e térmica de sistemas de iluminação com controle de potência (dimmers) e persianas automatizadas. O estudo se baseia na simulação computacional integrada de um edifício comercial em Campinas. Os programas Daysim e EnergyPlus foram utilizados para estimar: probabilidade de ocorrência de ofuscamento, consumo de energia e ganhos de calor. Comparados a um sistema de iluminação artificial convencional, ligado durante o dia, os sistemas estudados economizaram até 4% de energia. Apesar da modesta contribuição na economia de energia, obteve-se melhor qualidade visual dos espaços, medida através do índice de probabilidade de ocorrência de ofuscamento, o useful daylight index (UDI). Este estudo promove uma discussão acerca da necessidade de se avaliar a eficiência energética de um sistema em conjunto com a qualidade ambiental dos espaços. Ressalta também a importância de se considerar a particularidade de cada caso em função das interações entre o edifício e o meio.
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Greici, Ramos, und Enedir Ghisi. „Avaliação do cálculo da iluminação natural realizada pelo programa EnergyPlus“. Ambiente Construído 10, Nr. 2 (Juni 2010): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212010000200011.
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Para uma boa avaliação do desempenho termoenergético da edificação é necessário analisar também o uso da iluminação natural, uma vez que seu uso influencia na carga térmica da edificação. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o cálculo das iluminâncias internas realizado por meio do programa de simulação EnergyPlus. A análise foi realizada a partir da comparação do fator de luz diurna (FLD) com o resultado de outros dois programas, Daysim/Radiance e TropLux, e da comparação entre a iluminância horizontal externa calculada e a medida em Florianópolis entre 2003 e 2005. O FLD foi calculado para duas salas diferentes: uma quadrada (5 m x 5 m x 3 m) e outra retangular profunda (5 m x 10 m x 3 m). A partir dessas análises verificou-se que o programa EnergyPlus não apresenta resultados coerentes para o FLD e para a iluminância externa. A comparação entre o FLD calculado pelos três programas mostra que o programa EnergyPlus não realiza de forma adequada o cálculo da reflexão interna. A comparação entre as iluminâncias horizontais externas calculadas e medidas pelo programa mostra um erro maior que 100% para a iluminância difusa.
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Kwon, Choul Woong, Kang Jun Lee und Soolyeon Cho. „Numerical Study of Balancing between Indoor Building Energy and Outdoor Thermal Comfort with a Flexible Building Element“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 23 (25.11.2019): 6654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236654.
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This study analyzed the environmental role of a flexible canopy as a microclimate modifier in balancing indoor energy demands and outdoor thermal comfort. Flexible building elements are often installed in traditional buildings, depending on the local climate in southern Europe. The architectural performance of a canopy was analyzed using several environmental software packages (Ecotect, Rayman, WinAir, DaySim, and EDSL TAS). Coupling methods were applied to determine the environmental influence of the attached building element, a canopy with fixed and operable panes in different orientations and locations. The results showed that the flexible canopy played a crucial role in reducing indoor energy demands (heating and electricity for lighting) and increasing outdoor thermal comfort under the canopy area. Outdoor thermally comfortable conditions ranging between 13 and 29 °C in the canopy space could be enhanced by 56.3% over the entire year by manipulating a flexible canopy, compared with a fixed canopy with 90% transparency in London. The flexible canopy with higher transparency helped increase outdoor thermal comfort in Glasgow, while one with lower transparency showed better performance during summer in London. The findings of this research will help broaden the range of architectural elements used in buildings.
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Reinhart, Christoph, und Pierre-Felix Breton. „Experimental Validation of Autodesk® 3ds Max® Design 2009 and Daysim 3.0“. LEUKOS 6, Nr. 1 (01.07.2009): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1582/leukos.2009.06.01001.
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Castro, Guilherme Nóbrega de, Solange Maria Leder, Luiz Bueno da Silva und Erivaldo Lopes de Souza. „Componentes de condução da luz natural em edifícios multifamiliares: análise de um código de obras“. Ambiente Construído 15, Nr. 2 (Juni 2015): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212015000200012.
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O uso da luz natural como fonte de iluminação, além dos impactos positivos no bem-estar físico e mental do homem, possui vantagens econômicas. Estas, contudo, dependem da obtenção do nível de iluminação requerido para a tarefa. Neste estudo, o potencial de aproveitamento da luz natural foi analisado considerando-se as dimensões mínimas de sistemas de iluminação natural permitidas para ambientes residenciais, tendo como critério o Código de Obras da cidade de João Pessoa. Os sistemas de iluminação natural analisados consistem em componentes de passagem com componentes de condução. Simulação computacional feita com o software Daysim foi adotada para analisar o comportamento da luz natural. Realizaram-se 480 simulações para cinco ambientes, associando três variáveis no componente de condução: peitoril transparente e opaco (i), componente de condução saliente e encravado (ii), cinco profundidades (iii) a três variáveis do entorno: máxima ocupação do solo (i), duas alturas de pavimento (ii), quatro orientações (iii). Os parâmetros de análise foram: iluminância natural útil (INU) e autonomia da luz natural (ALN). Com os resultados, percebe-se que os limites mínimos dos critérios do Código não favorecem o aproveitamento da iluminação natural: 40% dos modelos simulados apresentam iluminação natural insuficiente. Os ambientes iluminados através de janelas altas têm os piores resultados.
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Dias, Alice Ruck Drummond, Juliana Portela Vilar Carvalho, Viviane Diniz Hazboun und Aldomar Pedrini. „Influência de métricas dinâmicas na avaliação do aproveitamento da luz natural em clima tropical“. Ambiente Construído 18, Nr. 3 (September 2018): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000300266.
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Resumo Este artigo visa contribuir para a discussão das métricas dinâmicas Maximum Daylight Autonomy (Damax [Autonomia de Luz Natural Máxima]) e Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI [Iluminância Natural Útil]) em análises de desempenho da luz natural em clima tropical. Devido à alta luminosidade nos trópicos, os resultados dessas métricas podem não fornecer indicações adequadas de uniformidade e disponibilidade da luz no ambiente. Foram realizadas simulações dinâmicas no software Daysim de salas multiúso com um sistema de abertura sombreado. Os modelos combinam fator de céu visível (FCV alto, médio e baixo) e percentual de abertura de fachada (PAF 20%, 40%, 60% e 90%), e foram analisados para três situações de iluminância mínima: 100 lux, 300 lux e 500 lux. Planilhas eletrônicas foram utilizadas para adequar os critérios de UDI e DAmax. Foram consideradas as métricas de DAmax para 100 lux, 300 lux e 500 lux, e três intervalos de UDI (100-2.000 lux, 300-3.000 lux e 500-5.000 lux), comparando os resultados convencionais com DAmax e UDI propostos. Os resultados demonstraram que o intervalo convencional de UDI e DAmax desconsideram ocorrências significativas de luz natural útil e uniformidade em situações de grande luminosidade. O estudo contribui ao propor intervalos de UDI e DAmax mais adequados para análises de desempenho luminoso nos trópicos.
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Lee, Sewon, und Kyung Sun Lee. „A Study on the Improvement of the Evaluation Scale of Discomfort Glare in Educational Facilities“. Energies 12, Nr. 17 (24.08.2019): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173265.
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The lighting environment is a factor that significantly affects the physical and psychological aspects of occupants of a building. In particular, educational facilities should be designed to provide adequate natural lighting because it has a profound impact on students’ health and learning performance. Although environmental certification systems include evaluation items for improving the indoor light environment, there is a lack of evaluation criteria regarding the corresponding issue of glare. Therefore, this study aims to help visualize areas where indoor glare problems occur, and to improve the evaluation scale of discomfort glare in environmental certification systems. A standard high school classroom in Seoul was analyzed to study glare issues in the educational space. DIVA for Rhino—Grasshopper, a light environment simulation program based on Radiance and DAYSIM program, was used to obtain reliable light analysis simulation results, and the daylight glare probability (DGP) measure was used to calculate discomfort glare. The results of the simulation and analysis suggest this is a method for improving glare evaluation measures that are lacking in indoor environmental certification standards. The visualized frequency of discomfort glare data is useful for planning the layout of the indoor space, opening, and shading design of a building to prevent glare problems.
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Acosta, Ignacio, Miguel Ángel Campano, Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo und Carmen Muñoz. „Dynamic Daylight Metrics for Electricity Savings in Offices: Window Size and Climate Smart Lighting Management“. Energies 11, Nr. 11 (13.11.2018): 3143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113143.
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Daylight performance metrics provide a promising approach for the design and optimization of lighting strategies in buildings and their management. Smart controls for electric lighting can reduce power consumption and promote visual comfort using different control strategies, based on affordable technologies and low building impact. The aim of this research is to assess the energy efficiency of these smart controls by means of dynamic daylight performance metrics, to determine suitable solutions based on the geometry of the architecture and the weather conditions. The analysis considers different room dimensions, with variable window size and two mean surface reflectance values. DaySim 3.1 lighting software provides the simulations for the study, determining the necessary quantification of dynamic metrics to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed smart controls and their impact on energy efficiency. The validation of dynamic metrics is carried out by monitoring a mesh of illuminance-meters in test cells throughout one year. The results showed that, for most rooms more than 3.00 m deep, smart controls achieve worthwhile energy savings and a low payback period, regardless of weather conditions and for worst-case situations. It is also concluded that dimming systems provide a higher net present value and allow the use of smaller window size than other control solutions.
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Albuquerque, Milena Sampaio Cintra de, und Cláudia Naves David Amorim. „Iluminação natural: indicações de profundidade-limite de ambientes para iluminação natural no Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Residenciais - RTQ-R“. Ambiente Construído 12, Nr. 2 (Juni 2012): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212012000200004.
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A iluminação natural, além de ser importante recurso para promover bem-estar e qualidade ambiental, tem impacto relevante na redução do uso de energia. O Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade do Nível de Eficiência Energética de Edifícios Residenciais (RTQ-R) foi publicado no Brasil em agosto de 2010, dando sequência ao Programa Brasileiro de Etiquetagem do Inmetro voltado para edificações. Com relação a aspectos bioclimáticos da arquitetura dos edifícios, tais como iluminação natural, buscou-se desenvolver alguns pré-requisitos e bonificações para os ambientes, de forma que esses aspectos fossem considerados na avaliação de edificações residenciais. Neste artigo, apresentam-se o método e os resultados que geraram as indicações relativas à bonificação de iluminação natural presentes no Regulamento. O método utilizado incluiu 336 simulações computacionais dinâmicas com o software DaySim, com o objetivo de investigar a influência de variáveis arquitetônicas no desempenho da iluminação natural, mais especificamente a profundidade dos ambientes e as proteções solares. As simulações foram realizadas para 11 cidades brasileiras, abarcando 11 diferentes latitudes e 4 zonas bioclimáticas (ZB 1 , ZB 3, ZB 4 e ZB 4). Os resultados geraram indicações sobre a profundidade-limite de ambientes, que foram adotadas como parâmetros para concessão da bonificação de iluminação natural no RTQ-R.
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Dabe, Trupti J., und Alpana R. Dongre. „Analysis of performance of the daylight into critical liveable area of ‘type design’ dwelling unit on the basis of daylight metrics for hot and dry climate“. Indoor and Built Environment 27, Nr. 1 (20.09.2016): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x16669844.
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Daylighting integrated with artificial lighting control is recognized as an important and useful strategy in energy-efficient building designs. The prediction of the internal daylight levels is a key stage in daylighting designs. For this research, the ‘type design’ residential quarters building as a case has been selected from Nagpur region in central India having a hot and dry climate. These ‘type design’ have the major issues related to the performance of daylight and thermal comfort due to lack of some rules related to sizes of fenestrations in the development control regulation. The aim of this research is to evaluate the most critical liveable area of a dwelling unit of ‘type design’ for daylight and thermal comfort. This research includes evaluation of the selected parameters by comparative analysis of useful daylight illuminance (UDI), daylight autonomy (DA), thermal comfort hours and carpet area to window ratio (CAWR) with the help of dynamic simulation by using ‘Daysim’, ‘radiance analysis tool’ and ‘temperature distribution tool’ of Ecotect 2011 software. The findings of this research arrive to derive the CAWR with respect to orientation (four cardinal directions) of the building without compromising the thermal comfort with respect to the temperature of a dwelling unit of ‘type design’.
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Baglivo, Cristina, Marina Bonomolo, Paolo Maria Congedo, Marco Beccali und Simona Antonaci. „Technical-Economic Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Measures Applied to the Artificial Lighting System of a School“. Applied Sciences 11, Nr. 14 (20.07.2021): 6664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146664.
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Ensuring optimum interior lighting is a topic of great importance, as this influences not only the well-being of users but also the optimal performance of visual tasks. Lighting can be natural, but if not sufficient, it can be compensated with artificial lighting. This study highlights a methodology for designing a new lighting system that takes into account both technical and economic aspects. The method was applied to an existing school located in southern Italy, in which the electricity consumption is related to the current lighting system. The school is chosen as being representative of the construction type and layout of many local schools. In addition, the coexistence of several visual tasks with different design requisites (e.g., illuminance levels) makes the school a very complex environment. The school lighting is modelled in Google SketchUp and imported into Daysim to simulate the yearly and hourly daylight indoor contribution. Dialux Evo has been used to simulate and design artificial lighting. The results show a reduction of energy consumption of 33% with the simple replacement of fluorescent luminaires with LEDs, while the LED lamp dimming and modulation for rows of luminaires leads to a 95% reduction in energy consumption compared with the current state.
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Magri Elouadjeri, Sahar, Aicha Boussoualim und Hassan Ait Haddou. „Evaluating the Effect of External Horizontal Fixed Shading Devices’ Geometry on Internal Air Temperature, Daylighting and Energy Demand in Hot Dry Climate. Case Study of Ghardaïa, Algeria“. Buildings 11, Nr. 8 (12.08.2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11080348.
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The present study investigates the effect of fixed external shading devices’ geometry on thermal comfort, daylighting and energy demand for cooling and heating in the hot and dry climate of the city of Ghardaïa (Algeria). A parametric analysis was performed by using three software: RADIANCE 2.0 and DAYSIM 3.1 for daylighting simulation and TRNSYS.17 for thermal dynamic simulation. Three shading device parameters were assessed: the spacing between slats, the tilted angle and the slats installation. The vertical shading angle “VSA” is fixed; it is equal to the optimum shading angle measured for Ghardaïa. The simulation results indicate that fixed external shading devices have a significant impact on decreasing the energy demand for cooling; however, they are unable to reduce the total energy demand since they significantly increase heating loads. It was found that fixed external shading devices remove all risks associated with glare in summer by decreasing illuminance close to the window; however, they do not improve daylighting performance in winter because of glare. We note that even if the vertical shading angle “VSA” was the same for all cases, these did not present the same thermal and luminous behavior. This is mainly due to the amount and the way that the solar radiation penetrates space.
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Akimov, Luka, Giuseppe De Michele, Ulrich Filippi Oberegger, Vladimir Badenko und Andrea Giovanni Mainini. „Evaluation of EN15193-1 on energy requirements for artificial lighting against Radiance-based DAYSIM“. Journal of Building Engineering 40 (August 2021): 102698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102698.
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Rupp, Ricardo Forgiarini, und Enedir Ghisi. „Potencial de economia de energia elétrica através do uso da luz natural e da ventilação híbrida em edifícios comerciais em Florianópolis“. Ambiente Construído 13, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212013000400006.
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O objetivo deste estudo é estimar o potencial de economia de energia elétrica com o uso da luz natural integrada ao sistema de iluminação artificial e a utilização da ventilação híbrida em edifícios comerciais localizados em Florianópolis, SC. O trabalho foi baseado em simulações computacionais nos programas EnergyPlus e Daysim. Foram simulados modelos de ambientes de edificações comerciais, com três geometrias, três dimensões de sala por geometria, dez áreas de janela por modelo e quatro orientações. Os modelos foram examinados por meio de quatro estudos de caso. No Caso 1 (referência), a edificação opera com sistemas de iluminação e de condicionamento artificiais; no Caso 2, ocorre a integração da iluminação natural com a artificial, com condicionamento artificial; já no Caso 3, utilizam-se a ventilação híbrida e a iluminação artificial; no Caso 4, adotam-se a iluminação natural integrada com a artificial e a ventilação híbrida. Os consumos de eletricidade do Caso 1 foram comparados com os demais casos. Assim, foi estimado o potencial de economia de energia elétrica gerado pelo uso da luz natural e ventilação híbrida. Conclui-se que a utilização da iluminação natural e da ventilação híbrida em edificações comerciais localizadas em Florianópolis apresenta potencial de economia de energia elétrica de até 64,9% e que essas estratégias podem ser utilizadas para aumentar a eficiência energética desse tipo de edificação.
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Leal, Lilianne de Queiroz, und Solange Maria Leder. „Iluminação natural e ofuscamento: estudo de caso em edifícios residenciais multipavimentos“. Ambiente Construído 18, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2018): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212018000400296.
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Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a obstrução do céu no meio urbano e seu impacto na iluminação natural e no ofuscamento. Ambientes internos em um edifício residencial multipavimentos inseridos em um clima quente e úmido foram analisados. O desempenho da iluminação natural e do ofuscamento nos ambientes de análise foi obtido com o emprego da simulação dinâmica da luz natural, com o programa Daysim e o aplicativo Evalglare.Foram analisados 120 ambientes, resultantes da combinação das variáveis: (a) obstrução do entorno;(b) refletância das superfícies do entorno;(c) proteção solar nos edifícios do entorno;(d) altura do pavimento; e (e) orientação geográfica. Os indicadores de desempenho da iluminação natural e do ofuscamento empregados foram: a iluminância útil (UDI); a iluminância excessiva (eUDI); e a probabilidade de ofuscamento da luz natural (DGP). Entre os principais resultados destacam-se: (a) redução da iluminância útil (aUDI) no percentual de área iluminada de 21,5% no cenário de máxima obstrução e de 40%nos ambientes localizados no térreo; (b) aumento da área iluminada em 8,5%, com um coeficiente de reflexão elevado, porém com impacto menor no pavimento térreo, de apenas 3%; (c) diminuição da probabilidade de ofuscamento nos cenários com obstrução do entorno; (d) redução das iluminâncias excessivas e do ofuscamento com o sombreamento causado pelos elementos de proteção solar horizontal inseridos nos edifícios do entorno; e (e) chances de ofuscamento e refletividade das superfícies verticais do entorno como variáveis diretamente proporcionais.
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Toutou, Ahmed Mohamed Yousef. „Parametric Approach for Multi-Objective Optimization for Daylighting and Energy Consumption in Early Stage Design of Office Tower in New Administrative Capital City of Egypt“. Academic Research Community publication 3, Nr. 1 (07.02.2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/archive.v3i1.426.
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In the last few years, great improvements have been achieved in building optimization methods. Mustapha Sadeghipour Roudasri and others found new tools ” Ladybug, Honeybee and Butterfly” which could gather many simulation engines and visualization tools ” Energyplus, OpenStudio, Radiance, Daysim, CFD, OpenFOAM, etc
”. Consequently, These simulation engines will integrate with parametric modeling in Grasshopper and multiobjective optimization through Octopus plug-in to form an early stage parametric optimization framework in one canvas. This paper aims at finding the suitable plane shape and building configurations for multi-objective optimization
to the daylighting levels and energy consumption of office tower building in the new administrative capital city in Egypt through parametric based optimization method. One of the most commonly used plan shapes of these types of buildings was studied. This shape and many building configurations ”WWR, window material, wall material and shading devices” were parametrically modeled. These Parameters will form many tradeoffs which will be simulated and optimized by the previous framework. Spatial Daylight Autonomy ”SDA300/50%” is examined to optimize Daylighting while Energy Use Intensity ” EUI” is used for energy consumption optimization.
Multi-Objective Optimization was performed by genetic algorithms via Octopus plug-in. The near optimum design for plan shape and building configuration to balance between daylighting and energy consumption is achieved and will be a reference model for office tower buildings in this zone in Egypt which is under rapid development.
The framework used in this study will guide designers to find effective solutions for early-stage design of office building in one canvas without any conflict between several engines and scripts.
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Baglivo, Cristina, Marina Bonomolo und Paolo Maria Congedo. „Modeling of Light Pipes for the Optimal Disposition in Buildings“. Energies 12, Nr. 22 (13.11.2019): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224323.
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A light pipe is an excellent solution to transport and distribute daylight into environments without or with little lighting, guaranteeing comfort inside the rooms. As stated in the literature, the evaluation of the performances of light pipes presents numerous complexities, making the work very difficult for technicians and designers. This study is aimed to present a methodology that is able to identify the potential of light pipes using indices such as daylight autonomy (DA), continuous daylight autonomy (DAc), and useful daylight illuminance (UDI). This paper presents an analysis of daylight obtained by several configurations of simple models of light pipes installed into a 5 × 5 m plant area room. All simulations are carried out in a DAYSIM environment, which allows calculating the annual availability of daylight based on a RADIANCE raytracer backward. Several daylight conditions were analyzed for different light pipe configurations, considering different pipe lengths and a variable number of light pipes. The light pipes are tested also in the horizontal position, for different orientations. The results of all the combinations were compared with the performances of a window with dimensions equal to 1/8 of the internal surface, which was in accordance with the minimum value to be guaranteed by the Italian Regulation (D.M. 5 July 1975 n. 190) for different orientations. The results indicated a difference in daylight distribution, showing a strong correlation between the percentage levels of DA and DAc with the length and number of pipes, during different periods of the year. The simulated model is strongly influenced by the aspect ratio (R = diameter/length). The results show that the illuminance levels decrease drastically, increasing the length.
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Hoang, Vu, Elmira Reisi und Christian Frenzel. „Investigating Night Flushing Potential in a Multi-Storey, Open-Plan Office in Germany Using TRNLizard with TRNSYS 18“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (Januar 2019): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.451.
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Despite growing interest in sustainable office buildings and technological advancements, often either comfort or energy is sacrificed at the expense of the other in the conventional approach. Designers and architects tend to lean towards fully glazed buildings in a multi-floor office building due to its light structure, transparency and more access to daylight compared to traditional buildings. However, their energy efficiency and impact on occupant comfort – thermal, glare and visual – are questioned. Some practitioners, therefore, prefer a fully sealed façade with a low glazing ratio to reduce energy consumption. This paper argues that wellness and energy savings are not contradictory aspects of design. It is shown that measures to create an exceptional, healthy environment for occupants drive conservation and energy efficiency. Such design needs special considerations at the early stages that significantly affect decisions regarding passive strategies. To help drive first decisions, an accurate and fast simulation tool that considers dynamic thermal, daylight and airflow models is required. However, some passive measures such as natural ventilation are more difficult to simulate and validate due to the complex, non-linear relationship between wind forces and thermal buoyancy. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the use of TRNLizard, an integrated thermal, daylight and airflow simulation tool based on Rhinoceros 5, Grasshopper, TRNSYS18, DaySIM and TRNFlow to develop and validate the concept for an energy efficient office building with a healthy, comfortable environment. The office building is located in Germany with a highly glazed façade and night ventilation for passive cooling. It is shown that night flushing reduces annual end-use cooling energy and peak cooling load of mechanical air conditioning systems by 55% and 15%, respectively.
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Brugnera, Rosilene Regolão, Caroline Antonelli Santesso und Karin Maria Soares Chvatal. „Mixed-mode office buildings: energy savings and illuminance levels in a high-altitude tropical climate“. PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 10 (26.04.2019): e019016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v10i0.8653027.
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Edifícios de modo misto (MM), os quais usam ventilação natural e resfriamento mecânico para proporcionar conforto térmico e economia de energia, tem um grande potencial em climas onde o uso da ventilação natural é favorável (ex. Brasil). Nesses edifícios, as janelas operáveis são fontes tanto de ventilação natural quanto iluminação e ganhos internos, e suas características podem influenciar no consumo de energia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho energético e luminoso de edifícios de modo-misto com janelas operáveis em um clima tropical de altitude no Brasil. Considerando variações nos parâmetros do envelope (percentual de abertura na fachada e orientação solar), o desempenho é avaliado em relação à economia de energia, tempo de uso do ar condicionado, período de utilização da ventilação natural e o balanço entre a demanda de energia e os níveis de iluminância. O método é composto por simulações computacionais nos programas Daysim e EnergyPlus. Os resultados mostraram que a estratégia de modo-misto tem um grande potencial para reduzir o consumo do ar condicionado. As grandes reduções ocorreram nos maiores PAFs, atingindo 39,4% de economia de energia (fachada norte, PAF = 80%). Apesar disso, enquanto o maior PAF forneceu maior disponibilidade de ventilação natural, aumentou o desconforto devido a elevadas iluminâncias, atingindo cerca de 90% da área do escritório. Portanto, quando o modo misto foi usado, os casos com melhor equilíbrio entre níveis adequados de iluminância e baixo consumo de energia foram a fachada sul com todos os PAFs e as fachadas leste e oeste com PAF de 30%. É importante ressaltar que a adoção destas soluções depende dos requisitos de projeto do edifício.
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Lima, Eliana Costa, und Solange Maria Leder. „Conforto ambiental e eficiência energética na reciclagem de edifícios para habitação de interesse social“. PARC Pesquisa em Arquitetura e Construção 3, Nr. 2 (31.10.2012): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/parc.v3i2.8634567.
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Ao observarmos o atual cenário brasileiro que apresenta uma produção em larga escala de novas unidades habitacionais destinadas a famílias de baixa renda, incentivada pelo Governo Federal em parceria com os Estados e os Municípios, constata-se que os programas designados a construção de habitações de interesse social (HIS) tem desconsiderado especificidades regionais, principalmente no que diz respeito ao conforto ambiental e o desempenho energético. Em João Pessoa, não diferente do que vem acontecendo no âmbito nacional, há um aumento expressivo na construção de HIS, como também na reabilitação e reutilização de imóveis de interesse cultural para uso de HIS, entre os quais edifícios modernistas, como é o caso do antigo Edifício do IPASE-PB, cuja adaptação para HIS está sendo, neste momento, estudada pela Secretaria Municipal de Habitação (SEMHAB). Neste panorama, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho é configurar uma estratégia metodológica de análise das condições de conforto ambiental, relativas à iluminação e à ventilação natural e à eficiência energética, tendo como objeto de estudo uma das alternativas de unidade habitacional estudadas pela SEMHAB dentro do referido projeto de reciclagem do edifício IPASE-PB para fins de HIS. A metodologia adotada para a verificação do desempenho da iluminação e ventilação natural foi a de simulação computacional com os softwares Daysim e DesignBuilder, respectivamente. Para a análise da eficiência da envoltória foi utilizado o método prescritivo do Regulamento Técnico da Qualidade para o nível de Eficiência de Edificações Residenciais. A estratégia metodológica de análise adotada neste trabalho apresentou-se adequada, podendo ser utilizada complementarmente como apoio à decisão no desenvolvimento do projeto de reciclagem de edifícios.
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Bellia, Laura, Alessia Pedace und Francesca Fragliasso. „The impact of the software’s choice on dynamic daylight simulations’ results: A comparison between Daysim and 3ds Max Design®“. Solar Energy 122 (Dezember 2015): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.08.027.
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Jakubiec, J. Alstan, und Christoph F. Reinhart. „A method for predicting city-wide electricity gains from photovoltaic panels based on LiDAR and GIS data combined with hourly Daysim simulations“. Solar Energy 93 (Juli 2013): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.03.022.
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De Luca, Francesco, Raimo Simson, Hendrik Voll und Jarek Kurnitski. „Daylighting and energy performance design for single floor commercial hall buildings“. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, Nr. 4 (11.06.2018): 722–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2017-0110.
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Purpose Electric lighting accounts for a large share of energy consumption in commercial buildings. Utilization of daylight can significantly help to reduce the need for artificial lighting, increase workers productivity, customers’ satisfaction and consequently improve sales. However, excessive use of glazing and absence of lighting controls can contribute greatly to higher energy need for heating and cooling and cause undesired glare effects. Thus, optimizing the size, position and materials of external glazing, with the addition of deflectors and dynamic artificial lighting, can become key aspects in the design of sustainable low energy buildings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze daylight potential and energy performance of a hall-type commercial building, situated in the cold climate of Finland, by utilizing different combinations of skylights, windows and lighting controls. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used computer simulations to estimate daylight and energy performance of a single floor commercial building in relation to various combinations of skylights and windows with variable glazing materials, light deflectors and zonal lighting controls. Findings The results show that electric light energy saving potential ranges from a negligible 1.9 percent to a significant 58.6 percent in the case of glass skylights and wall windows using multi-zone lighting control. Total delivered energy ranges between increase of 1.5 and 21.2 percent in the cases with single zone lighting control and between decrease of 4.5 percent and increase of 4.5 percent in the cases with multi-zone control. The highest decrease in primary energy consumption was 2.2 percent for single zone and 17.6 percent for multi-zone lighting control. The research underlines the significant potential of electric light energy savings using daylighting strategies that, including the control of direct solar access for glare and internal gains, can be more than 50 percent. Originality/value This research combines accurate daylight and energy assessment for commercial hall buildings based in cold climate region with multiple design variations. The novelty of this work is the consideration of interior elements, shelves and deflectors, in the calculations. This is made possible through the combined use of validated simulation platforms for detailed annual daylighting and electric lighting calculation (Radiance and Daysim) and energy analysis (IDA-ICE, Equa Simulation AB). This method allows to obtain a reliable assessment of the potential of using natural light sources in buildings.
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McLaughlin, Marie, und Evelyn E. Telfer. „Oocyte development in bovine primordial follicles is promoted by activin and FSH within a two-step serum-free culture system“. REPRODUCTION 139, Nr. 6 (Juni 2010): 971–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-10-0025.
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Quiescent follicles of large mammals initiate growth within cultured pieces of ovarian cortex. Systems capable of sustainingin vitrodevelopment from this early stage until oocyte maturation would allow investigation of mechanisms regulating oocyte development in its entirety. The aims of this study were 1) to determine whether bovine follicles initiated to growin vitrocould be isolated from the cortical environment, and could undergo further development and 2) to evaluate the effect of activin and FSH on the development of secondary follicles derived from primordial follicles. Fragments of bovine ovarian cortex were cultured in serum-free medium for 6 days; thereafter, secondary follicles were isolated for further culture. After a maximum total of 21 daysin vitro, follicles were either processed for histological assessment or opened to release the oocyte–cumulus complexes for inspection by light microscopy. Compared with control, significant follicle and oocyte growth were observed in activin-exposed follicles, with or without FSH, with some oocyte diameters measuring over 100 microns following a totalin vitroperiod of 15 days. Significant oestradiol secretion was observed in follicles cultured in activin alone after a total of 9 daysin vitrocompared with other treatment groups; however, this effect was not sustained. In summary, this study demonstrates the promotion of primordial bovine follicle development within a two-step serum-free culture system with oocyte diameters >100 μm achieved over 15 daysin vitro. Further development of this system is needed to support complete oocyte growth and thereafterin vitromaturation.
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Ward, Simone M., Jay S. Desgrosellier, Xiaoli Zhuang, Joey V. Barnett und Jonas B. Galper. „Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) Signaling via Differential Activation of Activin Receptor-like Kinases 2 and 5 during Cardiac Development“. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277, Nr. 51 (21.10.2002): 50183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m209668200.
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Little is known regarding factors that induce parasympathetic responsiveness during cardiac development. We demonstrated previously that in atrial cells cultured from chicks 14 daysin ovo, transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) decreased parasympathetic inhibition of beat rate by the muscarinic agonist, carbamylcholine, by 5-fold and decreased expression of Gαi2. Here in atrial cells 5 daysin ovo,TGFβ increased carbamylcholine inhibition of beat rate 2.5-fold and increased expression of Gαi2. TGFβ also stimulated Gαi2mRNA expression and promoter activity at day 5 while inhibiting them at day 14in ovo. Over the same time course expression of type I TGFβ receptors, chick activin receptor-like kinase 2 and 5 increased with a 2.3-fold higher increase in activin receptor-like kinase 2. Constitutively active activin receptor-like kinase 2 inhibited Gαi2promoter activity, whereas constitutively active activin receptor-like kinase 5 stimulated Gαi2promoter activity independent of embryonic age. In 5-day atrial cells, TGFβ stimulated the p3TP-lux reporter, which is downstream of activin receptor-like kinase 5 and had no effect on the activity of the pVent reporter, which is downstream of activin receptor-like kinase 2. In 14-day cells, TGFβ stimulated both pVent and p3TP-lux. Thus TGFβ exerts opposing effects on parasympathetic response and Gαi2expression by activating different type I TGFβ receptors at distinct stages during cardiac development.
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Daykin, C. D., P. N. S. Clark, M. J. Eves, S. Haberman, D. J. Le Grys, J. Lockyer, R. W. Michaelson und A. D. Wilkie. „The impact of HIV infection and AIDS on insurance in the United Kingdom“. Journal of the Institute of Actuaries 115, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1988): 727–837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020268100042943.
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1.1 In March 1987 the Futures Committee of the Institute considered a preliminary report (Daykin, 1987) on the possible impact of AIDS in the United Kingdom and the consequences for life insurance. The Committee recommended the setting up of a Working Party to study the problem. The Working Party on AIDS was accordingly established, under the auspices of the Research Committee. The authors of this paper formed the membership of the Working Party, under the chairmanship of C. D. Daykin.
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Pompeiano, Antonio, Nicola Grossi und Marco Volterrani. „Vegetative Establishment Rate and Stolon Growth Characteristics of 10 Zoysiagrasses in Southern Europe“. HortTechnology 22, Nr. 1 (Februar 2012): 114–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.1.114.
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In today's climate, in which economic and environmental sustainability has to be ensured, it is important to promote the use of grass species that require minimal maintenance inputs. The superior heat and drought tolerance of zoysiagrass (Zoysia spp.) makes it an excellent choice for Mediterranean areas. A study was conducted to evaluate the establishment rate from vegetative plugs of 10 zoysiagrass genotypes (i.e., species and cultivars). Stolon growth rate, establishment rates, biometric traits, and winter color retention were measured. Establishment rate was measured using digital image analysis, and the data were fit to a sigmoid variable slope model. Zoysiagrass genotype significantly affected turf coverage during the establishment. At 140 days after plugging, ‘DALZ0101’ and ‘Zenith’ had significantly more turfgrass coverage, while ‘Emerald’, ‘HT-210’, ‘Meyer’, and mascarene grass (Zoysia pacifica) had the lowest coverage. Differences in total stolon length and growth rate were observed among the genotypes and for all stolon growth parameters. Japanese lawn grass (Zoysia japonica) had higher values compared with manilagrass (Zoysia matrella). A distinct trend in days to maintained 50% color retention (Days50) was observed in this study on the winter color retention of genotypes. Differences in color retention within japanese lawn grass cultivars were observed with ‘Victoria’ retaining color longer than ‘DeAnza’ and ‘El Toro’ (77.6, 57.8, and 57.2 Days50, respectively) and better than ‘Meyer’. Japanese lawn grass cultivars exhibited poor color retention (50.3 Days50) compared with manilagrass cultivars (79.3 Days50).
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Hearst, Jane. „Arts, Health and Well-Being: A Critical Perspective on Research, Policy and Practice, Norma Daykin (2020)“. Journal of Applied Arts & Health 12, Nr. 2 (01.07.2021): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jaah_00072_5.
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Kelsay, John. „Muslim Discourse on Rebellion“. Ethics & International Affairs 27, Nr. 4 (2013): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679413000348.
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We can begin with a story. In his account of the reign of Harun al-Rashid, al-Tabari spends considerable time on the matter of Yahya ibn Abdallah. Scion of the family of ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, Yahya was the leader of a group active in Daylam, a region in present-day Iran. Al-Rashid and other Abbasid leaders laid claim to the territory, but at the time (the 790s) they did not have effective control over it. Ever-sensitive to the challenge presented by sentiment favoring the house of ‘Ali, al-Rashid and his advisers devised a scheme by which the ruler of Daylam received payment for persuading Yahya to turn himself in. He did so, but only on the condition that al-Rashid provide him with a written aman, or guarantee of security.
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Abdelhalim, Mohamed Anwar K. „Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles in Several Rat Organs after Intraperitoneal AdministrationIn Vivo: A Fluorescence Study“. BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/353695.
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Background. The gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have potential applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In an attempt to characterise the potential toxicity or hazards of GNPs as a therapeutic or diagnostic tool, the fluorescence spectra in several rat organsin vivowere measured after intraperitoneal administration of GNPs.Methods. The experimental rats were divided into control and six groups (G1A, G1B, G2A, G2B, G3A, and G3B; G1: 20 nm; G2: 10 nm; G3: 50 nm; A: infusion of GNPs for 3 days; B: infusion of GNPs for 7 days). The fluorescence measurements were investigated in the liver, kidney, heart, and lung organs of rats after intraperitoneal administration of GNPs for periods of 3 and 7 daysin vivo.Results. The 10 and 20 nm GNPs exhibited spherical morphology shape, while the 50 nm GNPs exhibited hexagonal shape. A sharp decrease in the fluorescence intensity induced with the larger 50 nm GNPs in the liver, kidney, heart, and lung organs of rats at the exposure duration of 3 and 7 daysin vivocompared with the smaller 10 and 20 nm GNPs was observed.Conclusions. The decrease in fluorescence intensity may be attributed to occurrence of strong quenching, decrease in number and surface area of GNPs, and high clearance of GNPs via urine and bile. Moreover, decreasing size may lead to an exponential increase in surface area relative to volume, thus making GNPs surface more reactive on aggregation and to its surrounding biological components. The size, shape, surface area, number, and clearance of GNPs play a key role in toxicity and accumulation in the different rat organs. This study demonstrates that fluorescence peak intensity is particle size and exposure duration dependent. This study suggests that fluorescence intensity can be used as a useful tool for pointing to bioaccumulation and toxicity induced by GNPs in the different rat organs.
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Jaeger, Christine B. „Isolation of Enteric Ganglia from the Myenteric Plexus of Adult Rats“. Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity 5, Nr. 4 (1995): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/np.1994.223.
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Enteric neurons and glia cells were isolated from adult Sprague Dawley rats. A procedure is described using a combination of microdissection and mechanical dissociation after enzyme treatment which yields large numbers of cell clusters suitable for tissue culture and grafting into the injured spinal cord. Differentiated enteric ganglia remained viable for at least 5 daysin vitroCultured neurons expressed histochemical reactivity for acetylcholinesterase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase. Nestin positive glia, which represented a population of non-myelinating enteric Schwann cells, could also be identified in cultures maintained 5 days or longerin vitro. The myenteric plexus of adult rats can provide a readily available source of neurons and Schwann cells for grafting to the central nervous system.
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Ahmad, Noraini, Sabarinah Sh Ahmad und Anuar Talib. „Luminous Exposures and Light-Fastness Survey in Daylit Historical Museum Galleries under Tropical Sky Conditions“. Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (März 2012): 1547–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1547.
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This paper highlights the results of light levels and light-fastness study conducted in four daylit historical museum galleries in Malaysia. These museums architectural features allow sun radiation into the building, causing light exposure damage to artifacts. This study aims to evaluate the luminous exposures and light-fastness as an initial preventive conservation measure in daylit historical museum galleries under the tropical sky conditions. Light sensors with data-loggers and Light-fastness dosimeters were installed throughout the museums to take cumulative light exposure measurements during museum opening hours. Both instrumentations were tested in the field during different campaigns exposures. After exposures between 90 and 100 days, these dosimeters showed photo-induced colour changes which translated exposures into equivalent luminous exposure and estimated annual exposures (Lux hours) which were used to validate the measured values of illuminance data. Simulated light dosimeters and measured illuminance data show good correlation. Thus, equivalent light dosimeter makes sense to assess the impact of light distributions.
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Swenson, Erik T., und David M. Straus. „Transient Tropical Diabatic Heating and the Seasonal-Mean Response to ENSO“. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, Nr. 5 (01.05.2015): 1891–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0162.1.
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Abstract Boreal winter simulations of the Community Atmospheric Model, version 4.0, were carried out using observed sea surface temperature (SST) fields from the three El Niño events of 1982/83, 1991/92, and 1997/98 [control (CTL) runs] and from observed climatology (CLIM run). In each case, 50 ensemble members were run (1 November–31 March). The diabatic heating Q at every grid point, level, and day of the CTL runs in the Indo-Pacific region was stored and used in four additional suites of experiments, each of which parallels the appropriate CTL suite. In each suite, Q generated by the model is replaced by a specified subset of Q at every time step, grid point, and level spanning the Indo-Pacific. The Q subsets consist of the seasonal ensemble-CTL-mean Q for each ensemble member (suite FIX), the seasonal-mean Q from the appropriate ensemble member of the CTL (suite EFIX), the seasonal mean plus low-frequency component of Q (suite ESUBFIX), and the daily means of Q (suite DAYFIX). The midlatitude ENSO anomalies of the seasonal-mean upper-level height field and time-filtered meridional wind variance are enhanced in the FIX, EFIX, and ESUBFIX suites, with little change in patterns, compared to CTL anomalies. The enhancements have a smaller magnitude in ESUBFIX and especially in DAYFIX; qualitative differences are seen in DAYFIX. These differences are due to (i) the required setup time for midlatitude response, (ii) the altered relationship between vertical structure and vertically integrated heating, and (iii) the lack of midlatitude interactive influence on tropical heating in the experiments.
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Kim, Dong Hyun. „Development of a psychological pathway model linking lighting quality to well-being in indoor café environments“. Indoor and Built Environment 27, Nr. 3 (17.01.2018): 390–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17753512.
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The aim of the study was to investigate whether indoor lighting quality would have any systematic impact on psychological well-being of people working in café environments. Earlier studies have mostly focused on the impact of lighting in typical workspace environments through laboratory settings. The present study was conducted under two different real café environments; one with daylight, another without daylight, with a total of 66 customers’ participation. Two psychological pathway models that linked customers’ self-reported lighting quality, pleasantness, aesthetic judgement of space appearance, environmental satisfaction and feelings of eye discomfort were developed. Application of structural equation modelling produced strong fits to these two models, one with daylight, another without daylight, in which quality of lighting was linked with environmental satisfaction and feelings of eye discomfort in both cafés. The results suggest that under a non-daylit café environment, providing good quality lighting can both directly and indirectly promote environmental satisfaction and decrease negative feelings of eye discomfort, while under a daylit café environment, perceived lighting quality was only indirectly linked.
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Darula, Stanislav, und Richard Kittler. „Occurrence of standard skies during typical daytime half-days“. Renewable Energy 33, Nr. 3 (März 2008): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007.03.029.
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Dubrovsky, B., A. Inamac, L. Gikashvili, J. Weingarten und J. Cunningham. „0712 CPAP Compliance: Roles Of Depressive Symptoms, Polysomnographic And Self-report Sleep Measures“. Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.708.
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Abstract Introduction OSA poses major health risks; however, CPAP compliance is often suboptimal. Comorbid insomnia and depression contributed to poor CPAP compliance in different studies. Presently, PSG variables, self-report measures of insomnia, sleep quality and depression were tested simultaneously as predictors of compliance in new CPAP users who at 180 days of therapy had any non-zero use of CPAP. Methods PSG-diagnosed 47 patients (18-79 y.o., 24 women) were titrated in the lab and initiated on CPAP. Compliance was assessed during days 1-30 and 151-180. For each period, percentage of days with >4hrs of CPAP use (%>4h-days30, %>4h-days180) and the average hours-per-day use (Tav30, Tav180) were measured. After regressing each compliance variable on age, sex and BMI, one at a time were tested: PSG variables from the diagnostic and titration studies, subjective reactions to CPAP after titration (sleep better vs. same/worse than usual; will vs. won’t use CPAP at home), pre-treatment ISI, PSQI, ESS, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESDR). Results AHI ranged 6/hr-101/hr (M=24.2±19.5); %>4h-days30, 0-100% (M=68%±32%); Tav30, 0.0-9.8 hours (M=5.2±2.5); %>4h-days180, 0-100% (M=64%±34%); Tav180, 0.2-10.5 hours (M=4.7±2.8). PSG variables from both diagnostic and titration studies, reactions to CPAP, ESS and CESDR were not significant predictors of compliance (all p>0.1). ISI was marginally inversely related to %>4h-days30 (p=0.087) and Tav30 (p=0.075). Higher pre-treatment PSQI was related to lower %>4h-days30 (p=0.003, R2=19%) and Tav30 (p=0.011, R2=15%). Entered alone, PSQI was related to %>4h-days180 (p=0.042) and Tav180 (p=0.043); however, when the 1-30-day compliance was accounted for, PSQI no longer related to the 151-180-day compliance. The 1-30-day compliance strongly predicted respective 151-180-day measures (%>4h-days, p<0.001, R2=55%; Tav, p<0.001, R2=68%). Conclusion In this limited sample of naive CPAP users, higher pre-treatment sleep disturbance reported on PSQI was a useful predictor of lower 1-30-day CPAP compliance. Neither depressive symptoms nor PSG variables from diagnostic and titration studies predicted compliance. As the initial 30-day compliance is the best predictor of later CPAP use, early interventions are crucial. Support none
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Sussman, Herbert. „VICTORIANS LIVE“. Victorian Literature and Culture 38, Nr. 1 (23.02.2010): 287–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150309990465.
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Victorians Live examines the afterlife of the Victorians, the ways that Victorian literature and culture remain alive, continue to live in our own day.It Was the Worst of Times: A Visit to Dickens WorldMARTY GOULD AND REBECCA MITCHELLTurner in AmericaJASON ROSENFELDHolman Hunt at TorontoHERBERT SUSSMANThe Afterlives of Aestheticism and Decadence in the Twenty-First CenturyMARGARET D. STETZDarwin at YaleMARGARET HOMANS
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Baumgartner, S., P. Doesburg, C. Scherr und J. O. Andersen. „Development of a Biocrystallisation Assay for Examining Effects of Homeopathic Preparations Using Cress Seedlings“. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/125945.
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A major challenge in basic research into homeopathic potentisation is to develop bioassays that yield consistent results. We evaluated the potential of a seedling-biocrystallisation method. Cress seeds (Lepidium sativumL.) germinated and grew for 4 daysin vitroinStannum metallicum30x or water 30x in blinded and randomized assignment. 15 experiments were performed at two laboratories. CuCl2-biocrystallisation of seedlings extracted in the homeopathic preparations was performed on circular glass plates. Resulting biocrystallograms were analysed by computerized textural image analysis. All texture analysis variables analysed yielded significant results for the homeopathic treatment; thus the texture of the biocrystallograms of homeopathically treated cress exhibited specific characteristics. Two texture analysis variables yielded differences between the internal replicates, most probably due to a processing order effect. There were only minor differences between the results of the two laboratories. The biocrystallisation method seems to be a promising complementary outcome measure for plant bioassays investigating effects of homeopathic preparations.
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Rockcastle, S., ML Amundadottir und M. Andersen. „Contrast measures for predicting perceptual effects of daylight in architectural renderings“. Lighting Research & Technology 49, Nr. 7 (15.04.2016): 882–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516644292.
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Daylit architecture is perceived as a dynamic luminous composition, yet most existing performance metrics were designed to evaluate natural illumination for its ability to adequately illuminate a two-dimensional task surface and avoid glare-based discomfort. It may be argued that task-driven approaches based on surface illumination and glare ignore the likelihood that contrast can provide positive impacts on our visual perception of space. Advances in these metrics to accommodate climate-based sky conditions and occupant behaviour have improved our ability to evaluate task illumination and glare, yet the same attention has not been paid to evaluating positive perceptual responses to daylight. Existing studies have attempted to link subjective ratings of composition to simple global contrast metrics without reaching consensus. More advanced metrics have been developed in computational graphics and vision fields but have not been applied to studies in qualitative lighting research. This paper introduces the results from an online experiment where subject ratings of daylight composition are compared to quantitative contrast measures across a series of renderings. This paper will identify which measures correlate to subjects’ ratings of visual interest and introduces a modified contrast algorithm, which can be used as a novel prediction model for visual interest in daylit renderings.
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Steane, Mary Ann. „Flashing blades: the lighting requirements for fencing“. Architectural Research Quarterly 4, Nr. 2 (Juni 2000): 163–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002608.
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The necessity for lighting guidelines to be rewritten is becoming increasingly obvious, particularly as far as daylighting design is concerned. In this study, current lighting recommendations for the sport of fencing are examined alongside the typical environmental conditions in which it has been practised. A detailed review of the visual environment of a daylit building designed in the '30s, Luigi Moretti's fencing academy in Rome, demonstrates that a broad range of criteria need to be taken into account when lighting requirements are defined.