Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Databaserad design“

Engineering database was the core of Bridge Seismic CAD System. It was a new engineering database for bridge seismic design based on relation database and data characteristic of bridge seismic design. The engineering databasewas suitable for storage and managing data of bridge seismic design, it was also created condition for data storage andmanagement of Bridge Seismic CAD System.

This research is a type of action research. Aims to design a database for a costume ordering service outlet recommendation system. The application is built using the flutter framework as the user interface, the PHP language as a data processor that is sent from the application and MySQL as the database.A recommendation system is a system that is able to identify and provide high potential content selected by users based on filtering information that takes preferences from user behavior and history.The final result of the database design shows that the database design consists of 5 tables, namely the User Table, the Orderuser Table, the Outlet Table, the Rating Table, and the Review Table, as well as the Web-based Cosplay Making Service Outlet Selection Recommendation System.

Databased prediction models are used to estimate a possible outcome for previously unknown production parameters. These forward models enable to test new production designs and parameters virtually before applying them in the real world. Cause-effect networks are one way to generate such a prediction model. Multiple inputs and stages are being connected to one large prediction model. The functional behaviour and correlation of inputs as well as outputs is obtained through data based learning. In general, these models are non-linear and not invertible, especially for micro cold forming processes. While already being useful in process design, such models have their highest impact if inverted to find process parameters for a given output. Combining methods from the mathematical field of inverse problems as well as machine learning, a generalized inverse can be approximated. This allows finding process parameters for a given output without inverting the model directly but still using inherit information of the forward model. In this work, Tikhonov functionals are used to perform a parameter identification. The classical approach is altered by changing the discrepancy term to incorporate tolerances. Thereby, small deviations of a certain pattern are being neglected and the parameter finding process is being stabilized. In addition, different types of regularization are taken into consideration. Besides theoretical aspects of this method, examples are provided to demonstrate advantages and boundaries of an application for the process design in micro cold forming processes.

Pendahuluan : Identifikasi faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipoglikemia penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko kejadian hipoglikemia, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai dasar acuan pencegahan hipoglikemia berat dan hipoglikemia berulang. Objektif : Bertujuan untuk melakukan Literature review mengenai faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipoglikemia pada pasien diabetes mellitus. Metode : Metode penelusuran sumber data pada Literature review ini yaitu melakukan penulusuran database terdiri dari Google Scholar, Pubmed, Ebsco dengan kata kunci yang digunakan untuk pencarian pada databased Internasioanal yang pertama yaitu “Diabetes mellitus” AND “Risk factor hypoglycemia” “OR” Predictor hypoglycemia” Sedangkan pada databased Nasional menggunakan kata kunci yang pertama yaitu “Diabetes Mellitus “ dan” Faktor resiko hipoglikemia.”. Artikel diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan melakukan critical apraisel pada setiap artikel. Hasil : Berdasarkan hasil pencarian ditetapkan 8 artikel dengan design Kuantitatif publikasi 10 tahun terakhir (2009-2019). Faktor resiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hipoglikemia pada pasien diabetes mellitus yaitu terapi insulin, sulfolinurea, dan terapi kombinasi merupakan prediktor kuat terjadinya hipoglikemia, namun ada beberapa faktor lain yang berkaitan dengan kejadian hipoglikemia diantaranya nilai HbA1c, BMI, usia, jenis kealmin, pekerjaan, tingkat pendidikan, lama menderita diabetes mellitus, penyakit penyerta (penyakit ginjal kronis), dukungan keluarga, dan gaya hidup (konsumsi alcohol). Kesimpulan: Faktor resiko kejadian hipoglikemia pada pasien diabetes mellitus berkaitan dengan faktor medikasi (pemberian insulin, sulfolinurea, terapi kombinasi) dan faktor demografi pasien, oleh karena itu pengkajian resiko hipoglikemia pada pasien diabetes mellitus penting untuk diketahui, sehingga dapat berpotensi mencegah kejadian atau menurunkan kejadian hipoglikemi dan dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes mellitus

AbstractThe process of archiving mails at the Cihambulu Village office the writing is still conventional. thereare some deficiency including the process of writing that is not neat, archiving still using the ledger.Therefore required a program that can solving the problem, so the problems that occur at thisCihambulu Village office can be resolved. The concept of designing this system refers to the activitiesof data processing incoming mail, data processing outgoing mail, disposition making, to themanufacture of incoming mail reports and outgoing mail. some stages in the development or designof this program are software requirements analysis, program design, program code generation,program testing. The making this program using JAVA programming language, MySQL as databaseand windows 7 as operating system. Research methods used in the design of this system is the methodof interviewing, observation, and literature study. While the purpose of designing this system is toproduce a mail archiving program so that it can assist employees in data processing incoming mail,data processing outgoing mail, disposition making, making reports incoming mails and outgoingmail.

Improvements in industrial energy efficiency demonstrated various additional effects beyond pure energy savings and energy cost savings. Observed on many levels, these additional effects, often denoted as non-energy benefits, constitute a diverse collection, for instance, effects related to firms’ production or improvements in the work environment and the external environment. Previous studies showed the potential of including quantified and monetised non-energy benefits in energy efficiency investments. However, there seems to be a lack of methodological overview, including all the steps from observation to monetisation and inclusion in investments. This study systematically reviews the academic literature on non-energy benefits relating to methods for observation, measuring, quantification, and monetisation of the benefits. The most commonly applied research design was a case study approach, in which data on non-energy benefits were collected by conducting interviews. Furthermore, the primary methods used to enable quantification and monetisation of observed non-energy benefits were based on classifications, indexes in relation to the energy savings, or frameworks. Calculation methods, databased tools, classification frameworks, and ranking were applied to evaluate the benefits’ potential in relation to energy efficiency investments. Based on a synthesis of the review findings, this article contributes a novel scheme for improved utilisation of the non-energy benefits of industrial energy efficiency.

Background Empirically driven personalized diagnostic applications and treatment stratification is widely perceived as a major hallmark in psychiatry. However, databased personalized decision making requires standardized data acquisition and data access, which are currently absent in psychiatric clinical routine. Objective Here, we describe the informatics infrastructure implemented at the psychiatric Münster University Hospital, which allows standardized acquisition, transfer, storage, and export of clinical data for future real-time predictive modelling in psychiatric routine. Methods We designed and implemented a technical architecture that includes an extension of the electronic health record (EHR) via scalable standardized data collection and data transfer between EHRs and research databases, thus allowing the pooling of EHRs and research data in a unified database and technical solutions for the visual presentation of collected data and analyses results in the EHR. The Single-source Metadata ARchitecture Transformation (SMA:T) was used as the software architecture. SMA:T is an extension of the EHR system and uses module-driven engineering to generate standardized applications and interfaces. The operational data model was used as the standard. Standardized data were entered on iPads via the Mobile Patient Survey (MoPat) and the web application Mopat@home, and the standardized transmission, processing, display, and export of data were realized via SMA:T. Results The technical feasibility of the informatics infrastructure was demonstrated in the course of this study. We created 19 standardized documentation forms with 241 items. For 317 patients, 6451 instances were automatically transferred to the EHR system without errors. Moreover, 96,323 instances were automatically transferred from the EHR system to the research database for further analyses. Conclusions In this study, we present the successful implementation of the informatics infrastructure enabling standardized data acquisition and data access for future real-time predictive modelling in clinical routine in psychiatry. The technical solution presented here might guide similar initiatives at other sites and thus help to pave the way toward future application of predictive models in psychiatric clinical routine.

Cancer patients need intensive psychological assistance when undergoing the process of cancer treatment. Nurses have a duty to provide holistic nursing care, namely by handling psychological serenity in cancer patients. The purpose of making this study is to provide scientific information to nurses related to self care management activities that can be educated to patients in order to provide psychological calm while undergoing treatment independently. The design used was a literature review study, using various databased CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Schoolar, and Medline. Searching for articles was carried out by collecting themes about Self Care Management, Nursing Activities and Psychological Serenity of cancer patients. The criterion for inclusion in the search for literature sources is the year the article was published, starting from 2010 to 2020, in English, and full article. Search keywords are self care management, nursing activities, self activities, self care, psychological serenity, and psychological problems. A total of 25 articles were analyzed and produced 6 themes, including sports, self-management through spiritual activities, shared care with health practitioners or fellow cancer survivors, implementing positive self talk, listening to instrumental music therapy, and doing art making and art therapy. The application of appropriate innovation selfcare management to the psychological symptoms of cancer patients can also help improve the Quality of Life of cancer patients.

In civil engineering applications, piles (deep foundations) are pushed into the ground in order to perform as steady support of structures. As these type of foundations are able to carry a huge amount of load, they should be carefully designed in terms of their settlement. Therefore, the control and estimation of settlement is a significant issue in pilling design and construction. The objective of the present study is to introduce a modeling process of a hybrid intelligence system namely neural network optimized by particle swarm optimization (neuro-swarm) for estimation of pile settlement. To do that, properties results of several piles socketed into rock mass together with their settlements were considered as established databased to propose neuro-swarm model. Then, several sensitivity analyses were carried out to determine the most influential particle swarm optimization parameters for pile settlement prediction. Eventually, five neuro-swarm models were constructed to understand the behavior of this hybrid model on them in pile settlement prediction. As a result, according to results of five performance indices, dataset number 4 showed the highest prediction capacity among all five datasets. The coefficient of determination (R2) and system error values of (0.851 and 0.079) and (0.892 and 0.099) were obtained respectively for train and test stages of the best neuro-swarm model which reveal the capability level of this hybrid model in predicting pile settlement. The modeling process introduced in this study can be useful for the researchers who are interested to work on the same hybrid technique.

I detta arbete undersöks de nya designverktyg som samlas under begreppet databaserad design, som bygger på kvantitativa värden, och huruvida dessa verktyg kan utvecklas för arbete med trivsel i centrum i byggd miljö, med särskild hänsyn tas till kvalitativa värden ‒ specifikt dagsljus. Arbetet börjar med att ta reda på vad databaserad design innebär, hur det används i Sverige idag, och om det kan hjälpa oss med att uppnå vad vi uppfattar som trivsamt dagsljus. Slutligen ska arbetet undersöka möjligheten till att uppnå ett resultat som uppfattas som trivsamt och att kvalitet sätts före kvantitet, med hjälp av datorns beräkningskapacitet. Trivsel som område stöds av ett brett forskningsunderlag, medan mycket av den forskning som görs inom datadriven design sker ‘in-house’, inom FoU-avdelningar på större företag.  Idag styrs dimensionering och utformning av ljusinsläpp i svensk arkitektur nästan uteslutande av rekommendationer i BBR. Dessa gränsvärden ‒ definierade som den lägsta accepterade nivån för det som byggs ‒ har blivit vedertagna riktlinjer, och det är upp till varje aktör att utöver dessa rekommendationer se till att god arkitektur skapas. Att arbeta med datadriven design ger vissa fördelar över traditionella designmetoder, men det för också med sig fallgropar. Beräkningskraften i dagens datorer, och möjligheterna för dess användningsområden är till synes oändliga, men att förlita sig på siffror utan att förstå vad de betyder för med sig risken att datan kan missuppfattas. Detta arbete genomfördes i flera skeden. Först hämtades kunskap och information om ämnet från litteratur och andra källor. Sedan kontaktades sakkunniga inom området. Utifrån samtal och möten med flera stora aktörer inom arkitektur och stadsutveckling i Sverige byggdes en tydligare bild av dagsläget upp. Här bekräftades också behovet av metodutveckling inom området för trivsel och dagsljus, och hur vi mäter dem. De rekommendationer som används för dagsljusets mängd och kvalitet i byggd miljö idag borde utvärderas och förnyas utifrån moderna förutsättningar. Baserat på den kunskap, utveckling och forskning som kartlagts och analyserats, genomfördes ett försök att tillämpa kunskapen i en praktisk situation. Detta mynnade ut i ett gestaltningsförslag med målsättningen att skapa trivsamt dagsljus med hjälp av databaserad design. Gestaltningen utgjordes av moduler som modifierar dagsljus, parametriskt utformade utifrån den insamlade datan ‒ väderstreck, geografiskt läge och behov utifrån specifik verksamhet eller miljö ‒ vare sig det är en bostad, ett kontor, ett bibliotek, en offentlig paviljong eller något annat. Genom att  kvantifiera kvalitativa parametrar är det möjligt att få in mjuka kvaliteter i databaserad design – med det sagt går det inte att förlita sig på data och förvänta sig ett resultat som innebär god arkitektur. Den kanske största utmaningen är att försöka kvantifiera värden som anses vara subjektiva. Metoderna ifråga funkar bäst med utgångspunkt i att de kan komplettera papper och penna, fysiska modeller och andra traditionella metoder i arkitektens verktygslåda. Databaserad design används idag sällan genomgående i hela designprocessen, och här finns stor potential för framtida utveckling.
This thesis explores a new field of design called computational design and the tools covered therein. Specifically, it focusses on quantitative values, and whether this method can be developed to center on well-being in relation to qualitative values in the built environment ‒ specifically daylight. The paper explores what computation design is, how it is implemented in Sweden today, and whether it can help us achieve what we perceive as comfortable daylight. This thesis aimed to investigate whether an alternative design method could be construed for this purpose: a method that is easy to incorporate, while ensuring high quality before quantity, using modern computational power. The subject of well-being has been thoroughly researched, while a majority of the research within computational design is conducted ‘in-house’ ‒ as part of R&D departments of large actors in the field. As of today, virtually all decision-making concerning daylight in Swedish architecture relies upon the Swedish building regulations, BBR. With time, these recommendations ‒ defined as the lowest accepted level for that which is built ‒ have become established guidelines for industry actors. Every actor has a responsibility to, while ensuring the recommendations are fulfilled, to also create good architecture. Working with computational design offers some benefits over traditional design methods, but it also carries with it some pitfalls. The technology is immensely powerful, with seemingly endless possibilities, but there is an integral risk in trusting digits without really knowing what their implications are: this leads to misguidance. The project was conducted in a series of phases. First of all, information and general knowledge about computational design and daylighting was gathered through reviewing literature and previous research. Then, key Swedish professionals in the fields of architecture and computational design were identified and contacted to get some insight and background on the topic. The interviews with these influential actors in architecture and urban design confirmed the need for a methodical development within the subject of well-being and daylighting. In particular, a need was identified for reassessing methods used for calculating the amount – and quality – of daylight, based on modern conditions. After mapping and analysing the empirical findings of the study, the conclusions were implemented in a practical design task. This culminated in a design proposal for adaptable modules that modify daylight using computational design. The modules were parametrically designed based on the assembled data ‒ the direction; the location and the specific needs depending on the type of function or environment ‒ be it a residence, an office, a library, a public pavilion or something else. By quantifying qualitative parameters, it’s possible to incorporate softer qualities in computational design ‒ keeping in mind that relying on these data won’t guarantee good architecture. The biggest challenge with the task at hand is to quantify values generally considered to be subjective. The methods in question are best applied when thought of as complements to traditional design methods ‒ pen and paper, physical models and other components in the architect's toolbox. Computational design is today rarely used throughout the whole design process, and this leaves potential for future development.

To accurately describe the past, historians strive to learn the cultural ideologies of the time and place they study so their interpretations are situated in the context of that period and not in the present. This exploration of historical context becomes critical when researching marginalized groups, as evidence of their rhetorics and cultural logics are usually submerged within those of the dominant society. This project focuses on how factors, such as rhetor/audience perspective, influence cross-cultural historical interpretation, and how a community history database can be designed to illuminate and affect these factors. Theories of contact zones and rhetorical listening were explored to determine their applicability both to history-making and to the creation of a community history database where cross-cultural, multi-vocal, historical narratives may be created, encountered, and extended. Contact zones are dynamic spaces where changing connections, accommodations, negotiations, and power struggles occur, and this concept can be applied to history-making, especially histories of marginalized groups. Rhetorical listening focuses on how perspective influences understanding the past, and listening principles are crucial to both historians and the consumers of history. Perspectives are grounded in cultural ideologies, and rhetorical listening focuses on how tropes, such as race and gender, describe and shape these perspectives. Becoming aware of tropes—both of self and other—can bring to view the commonalities and differences between cultures, and allow a better opportunity for cross-cultural understanding. Rhetorical listening steers the historian and the consumer of history towards looking at who is writing the history, and how both the rhetor and the audience's perspective may affect the outcome. These theories of contact zones and rhetorical listening influenced the design of the project database and website by bringing perspective to the forefront. The visualization of rhetor/audience tropes in conjunction with the co-creation of history were designed to help foster cross-cultural understanding.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Arts and Humanities
Texts and Technology

Detta dokument tar upp hur ett avancerat webbshopssystem kan utvecklas. Jag har dels granskat den teoretiska aspekten, dels utvecklat ett webbshopssystem från grunden, vilket har gjorts utbyggbart genom att det består av en grundstomme och tilläggsmoduler. Funktioner som är icke önskvärda i en viss webbshop men användbara i en annan ska därmed kunna läggas till vid behov, utan kunskap om programmering.

I rapporten diskuteras även hur webbshopssystemets datamodell kan representeras som relationer, med fokus på relationsdatabashanteraren MySQL. Detta görs för att visa hur valet av datamodell och fysisk modell kan påverka systemets utformning, samt vilka möjliga problem eller fallgropar som kan uppstå till följd av detta val.

Rapporten diskuterar även säkerhets- och sekretessfrågor. Då det är viktigt att identifiera och förebygga säkerhetsbrister i öppna system som webbshopar diskuteras bland annat hantering av personuppgifter och metoder för att kryptera och hantera lösenord.

Avslutningsvis följer en beskrivning av arbetet med det webbshopssystem som jag har utvecklat för att visa hur teorin kan tillämpas i praktiken, och hur man gradvis kan gå från ett enklare till ett mer komplext webbshopssystem.

This report describes the web development work at Noboxsolutions AB. Two projects have been created during the course of the ten weeks. A website created in WordPress, and a game to be used for advertising purposes. The purpose of the projects is to experience what it can be like to work at a web development company, and to learn more about what is important to know in this industry. WordPress currently has a large part of the market and it is therefore an important skill to have. During the two projects the focus has been on both accessibility and responsiveness. The report follows the process from design sketches and planning to the finished product, ready to be launched.
Denna rapport beskriver arbetet med webbutveckling pa fo retaget Noboxsolutions AB. Under arbetets tio veckor har tva projekt skapats. En webbplats skapad i WordPress, och ett spel som ska anva ndas fo r reklamsyfte. Syftet med projekten a r testa pa hur det kan vara att arbeta pa en webbyra , samt att se vad som a r viktigt att veta inom den ha r branschen. WordPress har i dagsla get en stor del av marknaden och a r da rfo r en stor fo rdel att kunna arbeta med. Fokus pa ba de tillga nglighet och responsivitet har funnits under arbetet. Rapporten fo ljer arbetets ga ng fra n designskiss och planering till den fa rdiga produkten, redo att lanseras.

System som bygger på en underliggande databas behöver ett abstraktionslager mellan databasen och applikationen. Detta kallas för systemets datalager.

Det är inte ovanligt att en stor del av programmerarnas tid går åt för att skriva programkod som hanterar datalagrets egenheter och för att transformera data mellan applikationen och datalagret.

I ett objektorienterat datalager kan systemets domänmodell integreras i datalagret så att det blir betydligt enklare och mer effektivt att arbeta med. Ett objektorienterat datalager låter dessutom applikationen navigera mellan objekten i databasen som om hela objektgrafen vore tillgänglig i applikationens primärminne. Hur information hämtas, när den hämtas och precis vilken information som hämtas från databasen är transparent för applikationen.

Det är också transparent när uppdateringar som görs på objekt i applikationens primärminne når den underliggande databasen. Datalagret ger garantin att alla objekt, som förändrats inom loppet av en transaktion och som är nåbara via navigering från något objekt i databasen, kommer att finnas i databasen med korrekt tillstånd då transaktionen avslutas.

Ett objektorienterat datalager erbjuder således en striktare form av abstraktion än vad ett traditionellt datalager gör.

Inom ramen för examensarbetet har jag utvecklat en prototyp av ett objektorienterat datalager, och i den här rapporten presenterar jag: några allmänna koncept som rör datalager i allmänhet och objektorienterade datalager i synnerhet; hur dessa koncept kan designas; samt en kort översikt av prototypen.

Detta examensarbete är utfört för Imano AB och behandlar ämnet databaser. Enorma mängder data finns lagrad i databaser världen över, men bara en bråkdel av all data används till något. Data kan förekomma i många olika former och en mängd olika typer av databaser har vuxit fram som komplement till de traditionella relationsdatabaserna. För sociala nätverk, logistiksystem, e-handel och i många andra sammanhang är relationer mellan dataposter ofta lika intressant som själva datainnehållet. När så är fallet kan grafdatabaser vara ett intressant alternativ. I en grafdatabas sparas relationer mellan enskilda dataposter som egna objekt, och denna egenskap kan användas för att ställa frågor om hur data relaterar till andra data. För att på ett effektivt sätt kunna utnyttja grafdatabasens egenskaper finns behov för ett lättillgängligt och användbart verktyg. Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa ett verktyg, som kombinerar grafdatabasen Neo4js förmåga att hantera relationer mellan enskilda dataposter med visuell presentation av data i en webbapplikation. Studien undersöker om detta verktyg gör att användaren lättare kan få ny förståelse ur befintlig data. Denna studie är i grunden ett utvecklingsarbete som följer principerna för metoden Design Science Research. Metoden består av en utvecklingsprocess i flera steg där empirin är den kunskap som erhålls under arbetets gång. I utvecklingsprocessen ingår även kvalitativa undersökningsmetoder för att samla in data vid demonstration och utvärdering av artefakten. I rapporten jämförs grafdatabaser med relationsdatabaser. Studien avser dock endast att peka på skillnader gällande vissa egenskaper och genomför ingen fullständig jämförelse av exempelvis prestanda. Studien visar enligt utvecklarna att grafdatabasen Neo4j har egenskaper som gör den lämplig för användning där relationer mellan enskilda dataposter är viktiga som källor till kunskap. Resultatet av forskningen är att ny förståelse kan komma ur befintlig data genom användning av grafdatabas, speciellt om den kombineras med visualisering.
This thesis written in swedsh is done for Imano AB and deals with the subject databases. Huge amounts of data are stored in databases worldwide, but only a fraction of all the data is used. Data can exist in many different forms and various types of databases have emerged as a complement to the traditional relational databases. In social networking, logistics systems, e-commerce and many other contexts, relationships between data items are often as interesting as the actual data content. When this is the case, graph databases provide solutions to problems that other databases cannot handle. In a graph database relationships between individual data records are stored as own objects. Thanks to this, it is easier to ask questions about how data relate to other data. To effectively exploit the graph database’s features there is a need for an accessible and useful tool. The purpose of the project is to create a tool that combines the graph database Neo4j’s ability to manage relationships between individual data items with visual presentation of data in a web application. The study examines whether this tool allows the user to more easily gain new insights from existing data. This study is basically a software development process which follows the principles of the method of Design Science Research. The method consists of a development process in several stages where empirical data is the knowledge obtained during work. The development process also includes qualitative research methods to collect data at the demonstration and evaluation of the artifact. The study shows, according to the developers that the graph database Neo4j has properties that make it suitable for use where relationships between individual data items are important as sources of knowledge. The result of the research is that new understanding can emerge from existing data using a graph database, especially when combined with visualization