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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe"
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Skelly, Stephen J. „Data protection legislation in Canada“. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 3, Nr. 1 (Januar 1987): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600869.1987.9966255.
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Ford, M. „Recent legislation. The Data Protection Act 1998“. Industrial Law Journal 28, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilj/28.1.57.
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Denitza, Toptchiyska. „The Rule of Law and EU Data Protection Legislation“. ORBIT Journal 1, Nr. 1 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29297/orbit.v1i1.16.
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Zhang, Kunbei. „Incomplete Data Protection Law“. German Law Journal 15, Nr. 6 (01.10.2014): 1071–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200019271.
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The European legal system governing data protection issues is widely regarded as an adequate blueprint for late developers to follow. According to this position, host countries will benefit from receiving the ready-made data protection law because it has already gone through a process of trial and error in Europe. For example, China follows the traditional civil law measures on data protection, such as contractual and tort liability. No Chinese legislation deals specifically with the right to protection of personal data. In China, researchers paid attention to the European legal system, which is regarded as the milestone for data protection. Some vigorously suggest that China should quickly move to enact data protection law based on the model provided by European law.When Chinese researchers strongly promote the European legal system over data protection issues, they send an underlying message that the quality of European laws is good enough to sufficiently deter violations: Individuals would be prohibited from carrying out harmful actions as soon as the expected law is transplanted to China. From a Chinese perspective, our country could quickly move to enact a similar law following the tone of Europe in order to enhance the efficiency of data protection. But is this a compelling position? Will European data protection laws indeed regulate unambiguously and prospectively? Will European data protection laws provide clear guidance to Chinese judges for resolving data protection-related cases? And will the court-enforced laws sufficiently solve the broad spectrum of problems on data use? Understanding the European enforcement mechanism covering data protection issues, and thereby assessing its efficacy on deterrence, is vital to answering these questions.
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Curren, Liam, Jane Kaye, Paula Boddington, Karen Melham, Naomi Hawkins, Heather Gowans und Nadja Kanellopoulou. „Identifiability, Genomics and UK Data Protection Law“. European Journal of Health Law 17, Nr. 4 (2010): 329–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180910x516943.
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AbstractAnalyses of individuals’ genomes — their entire DNA sequence — have increased knowledge about the links between genetics and disease. Anticipated advances in ‘next generation’ DNA-sequencing techniques will see the routine research use of whole genomes, rather than distinct parts, within the next few years. The scientific benefits of genomic research are, however, accompanied by legal and ethical concerns. Despite the assumption that genetic research data can and will be rendered anonymous, participants’ identities can sometimes be elucidated, which could cause data protection legislation to apply. We undertake a timely reappraisal of these laws — particularly new penalties — and identifiability in genomic research.
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Ter, Kah Leng. „Singapore's Personal Data Protection legislation: Business perspectives“. Computer Law & Security Review 29, Nr. 3 (Juni 2013): 264–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2013.03.007.
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Fialová, Eva. „AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND EUROPEAN DATA PROTECTION LAW“. MECCA Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars 17, Nr. 1 (20.07.2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/mecdc.2020.01.01.
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Autonomous vehicles process a huge amount of data about the driver, or rather passengers of the vehicle, as well as about other persons (pedestrians and passengers of other vehicles). This is why the autonomous vehicles raise questions about the protection of personal data. In 2018 a new European data protection legislation came into force. The General Data Protection Regulation places new obligations on controllers of personal data and provides new rights to data subjects, which will relate to operations of autonomous vehicles and their infrastructure. The providers thereof will have to implement the principles of data protection legislation into their systems. In this context the personal data is not just data concerning the identity of the driver, a passenger or other persons, but any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person who can be identified, directly or indirectly, in particular by reference to an identifier such as a name, an identification number, location data, or even due to a peculiar behaviour in the vehicle. The paper will focus on the new legal regulation in relation to the operation of autonomous vehicles.Autonomní vozidla zpracovávají velké množství údajů o řidiči vozidla, resp. cestujících ve vozidle, jakož i o dalších osobách (spolucestujících, chodcích a pasažérech v jiných vozidlech). To je důvod, proč provoz autonomních vozidel vyvolává řadu otázek týkajících se ochrany osobních údajů. V roce 2018 nabyla účinnosti nová evropská právní úprava regulující tuto oblast. Obecné nařízení o ochraně osobních údajů přináší nové povinnosti správcům osobních údajů, jakož i nová práva subjektům údajů, která se budou týkat provozu autonomních vozidel a infrastruktury. Výrobci a poskytovatelé služeb budou muset do svých systémů implementovat legislativu o ochraně osobních údajů. Osobními údaji nejsou pouze údaje týkající se totožnosti řidiče, cestujících nebo jiných osob, ale veškeré informace vztahujících se k identifikované nebo identifikovatelné fyzické osobě, kterou lze přímo nebo nepřímo identifikovat, zejména odkazem na identifikátor, jako je např. název, identifikační číslo, lokalizační údaje, nebo třeba i kvůli osobitému chování ve vozidle. Tento článek se zaměřuje na novou právní úpravu ve vztahu k provozu autonomních vozidel.
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Garcel, Adriane, und Sergio Fernando Moro. „Data Protection Law and its Interactions with the Anti-Money Laundering Law“. REVISTA INTERNACIONAL CONSINTER DE DIREITO 12, Nr. 12 (30.06.2021): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.19135/revista.consinter.00012.08.
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This article aims to analyze the interactions of the new General Personal Data Protection Law, Law nº. 13,709, of August 14, 2018, with the Money Laundering Law, Law no. 9,613, of March 1998. For this purpose, the methodology used is doctrinal, jurisprudential and quantitative analysis that initially presents the principles expressly established in procedural legislation, and short definitions of their applications. Continuous action addresses the ways in which State courts, already more familiar with this interaction, react and define concepts that are still incipient in national legislation. As a result, it is concluded from the studies presented that the main interaction between the General Law on the Protection of Personal Data (LGPD) and the Money Laundering Law occurs in the institution of a central data monitoring authority at the level national. Having a critical aspect for certain doctrinal aspects, given the right to individual privacy, and as an extremely effective tool, according to divergent opinions, against modern organized crime, which implements, through detailed problems, within the privacy of certain individuals. The main contributions of this study are in the sense of evaluating the interactions that the institution of the National Data Protection Agency (ANPD) and the Money Laundering Law will carry out, especially with regard to the maintenance of a national database, and the implications this brings to the right to privacy and oblivion, in view of the prevalence of the State’s interest in combating complex organized crime.
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Bomba, David, und George Hallit. „Will the new Australian Health Privacy Law provide adequate protection?“ Australian Health Review 25, Nr. 3 (2002): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020141a.
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Amendments to the original Privacy Act (1988) come at a key point in time, as a national medical record system looms on the Australian horizon. Changes to The Privacy Act have the potential to define a level of information privacy prior to the implementation of such a system. We have therefore collected expert opinions on the ability of the Health Privacy Guidelines(enacted in December 2001 under The Privacy Act and hereafter more specifically known as Health Privacy Legislation) to ensure the privacy and security of patient information. We conclude that the legislation is flawed in its capacity to withstand an increasingly corporatised health sector. Deficiencies in consent requirements, together with feeble enforcement capabilities, mean The Legislation cannot effectively ensure that personally identifiable information will not end up in corporate third party hands. To significantly bolster the new legislation, we argue that it should be supplemented with explicit health data legislation and privacy auditing.
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Sethi, Nayha. „The Promotion of Data Sharing in Pharmacoepidemiology“. European Journal of Health Law 21, Nr. 3 (11.06.2014): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341323.
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This article addresses the role of pharmacoepidemiology in patient safety and the crucial role of data sharing in ensuring that such activities occur. Against the backdrop of proposed reforms of European data protection legislation, it considers whether the current legislative landscape adequately facilitates this essential data sharing. It is argued that rather than maximising and promoting the benefits of such activities by facilitating data sharing, current and proposed legislative landscapes hamper these vital activities. The article posits that current and proposed data protection approaches to pharmacoepidemiology — and more broadly, re-uses of data — should be reoriented towards enabling these important safety enhancing activities. Two potential solutions are offered: 1) a dedicated working party on data reuse for health research and 2) the introduction of new, dedicated legislation.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe"
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Stoddard, Damon. „A new Canadian intellectual property right : the protection of data submitted for marketing approval of pharmaceutical drugs“. Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101828.
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In order to market and sell a new pharmaceutical drug in Canada, the Minister of Health requires the initial applicant to submit clinical test results demonstrating that the drug is safe and effective for human use. Subsequent applicants, who typically lack the resources to conduct expensive clinical trials, must refer to and rely upon the initial applicant's data in their applications to market a generic version of the drug.On June 17, 2006, the federal government of Canada published a proposed data protection regulation, which would provide an initial applicant with eight years of protection for clinical test results submitted in a new drug submission. This protection would lead to an eight year period of market exclusivity for the drug associated with the clinical test data, regardless of whether that drug was protected by a Canadian patent.
In this thesis, the author first describes what data protection is on a practical level, and distinguishes data protection from other forms of intellectual property rights. Next, the author discusses how various jurisdictions choose to protect clinical test data submitted to their health authorities. Canada's international obligations pursuant to the NAFTA and the TRIPS Agreement are also examined. In this regard, the author argues that Canada is under no obligation to provide initial applicants with eight years of data protection. Furthermore, the author argues that exclusive time-limited property rights in clinical test data are difficult to justify from a theoretical perspective. Finally, the author prescribes certain legislative changes to Canada's proposed data protection regulation.
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Lynskey, Orla. „Identifying the objectives of EU data protection regulation and justifying its costs“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608116.
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Chan, Lai-sha, und 陳麗莎. „A study of the copyright protection in the digital environment in HongKong“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46779632.
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Kan, Chi-keung, und 簡志強. „A review of the implementation of the personal data (privacy) ordinance in the Hong Kong Correctional Services Department“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31965507.
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Amoraal, Lezel. „Internet-regulering in Suid-Afrika : staat of internasionaal?“ Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53471.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Internet has become such an integral part of computer users' daily existence that it seems as if it has always been there. The Internet with its unique borders - or lack of borders - places an enormous burden on geographically based legal systems. Regulation, that has specifically been designed for the Internet, is a necessity because virtually every aspect of the law is challenged by the Internet and that many legal frameworks are inadequate to deal with the Internet. The other aspect which complicates the Internet even more, is that there is no specific organisation, business or government to whom the Internet belongs. Individuals and organisations have rights to the web pages that they own on the Internet, but there is no ownership of the Internet in its entirety. The development of the Internet in South Africa took place during a difficult time in the country's history. The apartheid era initially limited the growth of the Internet. Much of the existing legislation in South Africa has been partially adapted to accommodate the Internet, but the government could not envisage what the actual impact of the Internet would be and consequently they reacted when it came to the regulation of the Internet. In 2002 the Electronic Communication and Transaction Act 25 of2002 came into operation. In fact, the physical component of the Internet has already been regulated to a degree by the pure coincidence as a result of its physical presence. This is because the backbone of the Internet had not originally been created by the Internet, but by the telephone. There are a number of legislative Internet-organisations that are, among others, responsible for the technical standards of the Internet, dispute resolutions and in general what is important for the Internet community. Various international conventions regulate specific aspects of the Internet such as copyright, intellectual property rights, domain names, trademarks and cyber crime. The international conventions and agreements are an important step in the direction of standardised regulation. However, the lack of borders creates problems surrounding jurisdiction of the cyber space.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Internet het al so deel van rekenaargebruikers se alledaagse bestaan geword dat dit soms wil voorkom asof dit maar nog altyd daar was. Die Internet met sy unieke grense - of sy gebrek aan grense - plaas 'n groot las op geografies gebaseerde regstelsels. Regulering wat spesifiek vir die Internet ontwerp is, is 'n noodsaaklikheid, aangesien byna elke aspek van die reg deur die Internet uitgedaag word en baie regsraamwerke onvoldoende is om die Internet te hanteer. Wat die regulering van die Internet verder kompliseer, is dat daar nie een spesifieke organisasie, onderneming of regering is aan wie die Internet behoort nie. Individue en organisasies het regte tot die webwerwe wat hulle op die Internet besit, maar daar is nie eienaarskap van die Internet in sy geheel nie. Die ontwikkeling van die Internet in Suid-Afirka het tydens 'n moeilike tydperk in die Suid- Afrikaanse geskiedenis plaasgevind. Die apartheidsera het die aanvanklike ontwikkeling en groei van die Internet in Suid-Afrika beperk. Verskeie bestaande Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing is deels aangepas om die Internet te akkommodeer, maar die regering het nooit besef wat die werklike impak van die Internet sou wees nie en het gevolglik re-aktief te werk gegaan wanneer dit by die regulering van die Internet gekom het. In 2002 het Suid-Afrika se Elektroniese Kommunikasie en Transaksies Wet 25 van 2002 in werking getree. Die regulering van die fisieke komponente van die Internet is tot 'n mate as gevolg van sy fisieke teenwoordigheid deur blote toeval, gereguleer. Dit is omdat die ruggraat van die Internet nie oorspronklik vir die Internet geskep is nie, maar vir die telefoon. Daar bestaan verskeie wetgewende Internet-organisasies wat onder meer verantwoordelik is vir die tegniese standaarde van die Internet, dispuutresolusie en wat oor die algemeen aan die belange van die Internet-gemeenskap wil voldoen. Verskeie internasionale konvensies reguleer spesifieke aspekte van die Internet soos kopiereg, intellektuele eiendomsreg, domeinname en handelsmerke en kubermisdaad. Die internasionale konvensies en verdrae is 'n belangrike stap in die rigting van gestandaardiseerde regulering. Tog skep die grenslose omstandighede van die Internet probleme rondom jurisdiksie in die kuberruim.
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Kam, Ka Man. „Reproduction rights in digital environment and copyrights protection : legal issues and challenges“. Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580191.
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Gamlashe, Thembinkosi. „Freedom of the press, or the infringement of the right to privacy?: media coverage of President Kgalema Motlanthe from October 2008 to April 2009 in three newspapers“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010118.
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The researcher attempts to assess in which respect the privacy of former President Kgalema Motlanthe may have been invaded during his presidency, in view of journalistic ethics and press codes currently in effect. The study will explore media practices based on media freedom at the time of publication, and assess whether this freedom is understood to suggest the infringement of the right to privacy in the coverage of the private lives of politicians in the media. This study will therefore examine a sample of articles from the Sunday Times, City Press and Mail and Guardian, covering former President Kgalema Motlanthe’s public behaviour that related to his private life, assess which aspects of his demeanour became the subject of media coverage, and correlate such reporting trends with fluctuations in his political career. The researcher will focus on the period when Kgalema Motlanthe was at the helm as the Head of State – from October 2008 to April 2009, and consider particularly the trends in the sampled press reports regarding his private life. The study furthermore examines some of the legislative and normative changes that affected the media in South Africa after democratisation, to correlate the trends observed in the press coverage with legislation. This further serves to identify possible gray areas that arise from reporting on the freedom of the press and may lead to the invasion of privacy.
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Skolmen, Dayne Edward. „Protection of personal information in the South African cloud computing environment: a framework for cloud computing adoption“. Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12747.
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Cloud Computing has advanced to the point where it may be considered an attractive proposition for an increasing number of South African organisations, yet the adoption of Cloud Computing in South Africa remains relatively low. Many organisations have been hesitant to adopt Cloud solutions owing to a variety of inhibiting factors and concerns that have created mistrust in Cloud Computing. One of the top concerns identified is security within the Cloud Computing environment. The approaching commencement of new data protection legislation in South Africa, known as the Protection of Personal Information Act (POPI), may provide an ideal opportunity to address the information security-related inhibiting factors and foster a trust relationship between potential Cloud users and Cloud providers. POPI applies to anyone who processes personal information and regulates how they must handle, store and secure that information. POPI is considered to be beneficial to Cloud providers as it gives them the opportunity to build trust with potential Cloud users through achieving compliance and providing assurance. The aim of this dissertation is, therefore, to develop a framework for Cloud Computing adoption that will assist in mitigating the information security-related factors inhibiting Cloud adoption by fostering a trust relationship through compliance with the POPI Act. It is believed that such a framework would be useful to South African Cloud providers and could ultimately assist in the promotion of Cloud adoption in South Africa.
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Arès, Sébastien. „Le couplage de données et la protection de la vie privée informationnelle sous l'article 8 de la Charte canadienne /“. Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82651.
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Data matching is the automated process permitting the comparison of significant amounts of personal data from two or more different databanks in order to produce new information. Its use by governments implicates many rights and freedoms, including the protection against unreasonable search and seizure under section 8 of the Canadian Charter.In the author's opinion, a governmental data matching program will probably constitute a search or seizure under section 8 when a positive answer is given to two questions. First, is there a use or transfer of information which implicates constitutionally protected information? Generally, section 8 will only protect biographical personal information, as described in the Plant case. Second, one must determine if a reasonable expectation of privacy exists as to the purpose for which the information will be used. In other words, one must determine if the two governmental databanks are separate on the constitutional level.
However, a positive answer to both of theses questions does not mean that the matching program necessarily infringes section 8. It will not be considered unreasonable if it is authorised by law, if the law itself is reasonable, and if the execution of the program is reasonable. Presuming that the program is authorised by law, it is probable that a matching program aimed to detect individuals collecting illegally social benefits will not be considered unreasonable.
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Banerjea-Brodeur, Nicolas Paul. „Advance passenger information passenger name record : privacy rights and security awareness“. Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80909.
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An in-depth study of Advance Passenger Information and Passenger Name Record has never been accomplished prior to the events of September 11 th. It is of great importance to distinguish both of these concepts as they entail different legal consequence. API is to be understood as a data transmission that Border Control Authorities possess in advance in order to facilitate the movements of passengers. It is furthermore imperative that harmonization and inter-operability between States be achieved in order for this system to work. Although the obligations seem to appear for air carriers to be extraneous, the positive impact is greater than the downfalls.Passenger Name Record access permits authorities to have additional data that could identify individuals requiring more questioning prior to border control clearance. This data does not cause in itself privacy issues other than perhaps the potential retention and manipulation of information that Border Control Authorities may acquire. In essence, bilateral agreements between governments should be sought in order to protect national legislation.
The common goal of the airline industry is to ensure safe and efficient air transport. API and PNR should be viewed as formalities that can facilitate border control clearance and prevent the entrance of potentially high-risk individuals.
Bücher zum Thema "Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe"
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Morgan, Richard. Data protection strategy: Implementing data protection compliance. 2. Aufl. London: Sweet & Maxwell/Thomson Reuters, 2012.
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Ruth, Boardman, Hrsg. Data protection strategy: Implementing data protection compliance. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2003.
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Freddy, Kosten, Hrsg. Managing data protection. 2. Aufl. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.
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Bainbridge, David I. Data protection. Welwvyn Garden City: CLT Professional Pub., 2000.
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Data protection: The new law. Bristol, England: Jordans, 1998.
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Hughes, Gordon. Data protection in Australia. Sydney: Law Book Co., 1991.
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dem, Bussche Axel von. Data protection in Germany. München: Verlag C.H. Beck, 2013.
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Tolley's data protection handbook. 2. Aufl. London: Dayton, Ohio, 2002.
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Tolley's data protection handbook. 4. Aufl. Croydon: LexisNexis, 2006.
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Jay, Rosemary. Data protection: Law and practice. 4. Aufl. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2012.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe"
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Lazar, Elena, und Dragos Nicolae Costescu. „Data Protection Regulations: Overview of the Romanian Legislation and Deficiencies“. In Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, 285–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28049-9_12.
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Stenbeck, Magnus, Sonja Eaker Fält und Jane Reichel. „Swedish Law on Personal Data in Biobank Research: Permissible But Complex“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 379–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_21.
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AbstractThis chapter describes the regulatory and organisational infrastructure of biobank research in Sweden, and how the introduction of the GDPR affects the possibilities to use biobank material in future research. The Swedish legislator has chosen a rather minimalistic approach in relation to the research exception in Article 89 GDPR and has only enacted limited general exceptions to the data protection rules. This may be partly explained by the comprehensive right to public access to official documents which gives researchers vast access to information held in registries, albeit conditioned on abiding by secrecy and confidentiality rules. The Swedish legislation implementing the GDPR includes a general exception from the data protection rules in relation to the right to access to official documents, which researchers also benefit from. However, confidentiality rules for different categories of information differ between sectors, which hinders an effective use of the registries in research. The regulatory regime for using biobank and registry data in Sweden thus involves both data protection and secrecy rules, which makes the legal landscape permissible but complex. The operationalisation of the research exception in Article 89 GDPR is analysed against this background. Special attention is given to the possibility to link personal information derived from biobanks with personal information from other data sources, including large national population based statistical registries as well as information from national clinical registers.
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Southerington, Tom. „Access to Biomedical Research Material and the Right to Data Protection in Finland“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 243–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_13.
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AbstractThis chapter describes the Finnish regulatory landscape concerning primarily non-interventional biomedical research and in particular the rights of study subjects from the data protection point of view. The GDPR is just one of many pieces of legislation affecting the rights of individuals, and it allows for significant variation between the EU Member States. Finnish law relating to biomedical research has materially changed in recent years and some changes are still pending. Overall, the legislator has aimed at enhancing opportunities for responsible research and enabling research-related innovation ecosystems, but also implemented quite strict limitations for data processing in balance. It is yet too early to evaluate the effects of the legislatory changes. The chapter is therefore mainly descriptive.
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Befring, Anne Kjersti. „Norwegian Biobanks: Increased Complexity with GDPR and National Law“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 323–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_18.
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AbstractNorway is generally regarded as having good opportunities for biobank research because of Biobank Norway—its national infrastructure of biobanks—which represents one of the world’s largest existing resources within biobanking. It covers both consented population-based and disease-specific clinical biobanks. However, the regulatory framework in Norway for biobanking is fragmented, which makes navigating the legal landscape challenging.The Personal Data Act (PDA) implements the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and a few adjustments were made in the national health legislation in order to bring it into line with the GDPR. The Health Research Act (HRA) enables the use of biobanking and personal data in research with and without the consent of individuals. There are some disagreements about the changes brought about by the GDPR when it comes to research on biological material that includes personal data. When implementing GDPR Article 89, it was emphasised that the Data Protection Officer (DPO) has an important role even though the research ethics committee has allowed the use of data (the regional committee for medical and health research ethics (REC)). This has created conflicts. This article highlights key issues and ambiguities related to the GDPR and national legislation, and the relationship between the two.
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Lalova, Teodora, Anastassia Negrouk, Laurent Dollé, Sofie Bekaert, Annelies Debucquoy, Jean-Jacques Derèze, Peggy Valcke, Els J. Kindt und Isabelle Huys. „An Overview of Belgian Legislation Applicable to Biobank Research and Its Interplay with Data Protection Rules“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 187–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_10.
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AbstractThis contribution aims to present in a clear and concise manner the intricate legal framework for biobank research in Belgium. In Part 1, we describe the Belgian biobank infrastructure, with a focus on the concept of biobank. In Part 2, we provide an overview of the applicable legal framework, namely the Act of 19 December 2008 on Human Body Material (HBM), and its amendments. Attention is given to an essential piece of self-regulation, namely the Compendium on biobanks issued by the Federal Agency on Medicine Products and Health (FAMPH). Furthermore, we delineate the interplay with relevant data protection rules. Part 3 is dedicated to the main research oversight bodies in the field of biobanking. In Part 4, we provides several examples of the ‘law in context’. In particular, we discuss issues pertaining to presumed consent, processing of personal data associated with HBM, and information provided to the donor of HBM. Finally, Part 5 and 6 addresses the impact of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), suggests lines for further research, and outline the future possibilities for biobanking in Belgium.
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Celeste, Edoardo, und Federico Fabbrini. „Competing Jurisdictions: Data Privacy Across the Borders“. In Palgrave Studies in Digital Business & Enabling Technologies, 43–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54660-1_3.
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Abstract Borderless cloud computing technologies are exacerbating tensions between European and other existing regulatory models for data privacy. On the one hand, in the European Union (EU), a series of data localisation initiatives are emerging with the objective of preserving Europe’s digital sovereignty, guaranteeing the respect of EU fundamental rights and preventing foreign law enforcement and intelligence agencies from accessing personal data. On the other hand, foreign countries are unilaterally adopting legislation requiring national corporations to disclose data stored in Europe, in this way bypassing jurisdictional boundaries grounded on physical data location. The chapter investigates this twofold dynamic by focusing particularly on the current friction between the EU data protection approach and the data privacy model of the United States (US) in the field of cloud computing.
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Romeo-Casabona, Carlos M. „The New European Legal Framework on Personal Data Protection and the Legal Status of Biological Samples and Biobanks for Biomedical Research Purposes in Spanish Law“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 363–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_20.
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AbstractBiomedical research has increasingly resorted to biological material, particularly in view of the enormous potential for the future of a better knowledge of the DNA of all living beings and even the possibility of modifying it by means of various techniques, including gene editing. For Precision Personalised Medicine the support of biobanks is also a very important tool.In relation to the protection of personal data, Spain has quickly implemented and adapted its internal laws to the GDPR through its new Organic Act 3/2018 of 5 of December on Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights. The new Act implements and completes some features of the GDPR, including those related to the provisions of Articles 9 and 89, in particular health related data and big data. In this way and by means of this ‘bridge’ Act, an attempt has also been made to guarantee the harmony between the GDPR and the pre-existing legislation, trying to ensure at the same time in effectiveness in promoting scientific research and in respecting for the rights of samples’ donors.
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Barbosa, Carla, und Andreia da Costa Andrade. „Biobanks and GDPR: A Look at the Portuguese Panorama“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 345–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_19.
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AbstractThe need for the existence of biobanks for health research purposes is something of which government authorities have been aware for several years. One year after the full entry into force of the GDPR, the Portuguese legislature has finally passed the law that ensures the full implementation of the data protection regime’s points left open by the European legislature. However, Portugal has also in place a range of legislation regulating the establishment and functioning of biobanks. The regulation of biobanks for research purposes imposes special protection duties on scientific research activity in which biological samples and associated data are used in order to guarantee protection of privacy and confidentiality.
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Hartlev, Mette. „Balancing of Individual Rights and Research Interests in Danish Biobank Regulation“. In GDPR and Biobanking, 215–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49388-2_11.
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AbstractDenmark offers very good opportunities for biobank research. There is a vast number of well-structured and comprehensive collections of biological material, which in combination with a ‘research generous’ legislation provides an excellent environment for biobank research. However, both the Danish biobank landscape and the regulatory environment is rather complex. In contrast to a number of other countries, there is no specific biobank act in Denmark. Instead, various regulatory regimes interact, which makes it challenging to navigate in the legal landscape. It is also rather non-transparent for the individuals, from whom samples have been collected, what samples are used for, and how they can influence the use of samples for research. With the GDPR and the Danish Data Protection Act it seems that research participants’ rights have been slightly weakened in Danish law. However, it is argued, that the GDPR has the potential to ensure more awareness of research participants right against the societal and scientific interest in research.
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Lloyd, Ian J. „3. The scope of data protection“. In Information Technology Law, 39–55. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198830559.003.0003.
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A number of concepts are critical to an understanding of the topic. Data protection legislation has historically applied where personal data concerning an identifiable individual is processed by a data controller using automated equipment. Developments in technology make it increasingly difficult to apply these concepts. Data that a decade ago would have been anonymous can now readily be linked to an individual. The emergence of cloud computing technology also creates legal complications in determining where processing takes place and which legal system will govern conduct. This chapter will focus on definitional issues in order to provide a basis for more detailed discussion of the application of data protection legislation in the following chapters.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Data protection – Law and legislation – Zimbabwe"
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Nashed, Nashaat, und Roman Fedorov. „Constitutional pronection of personal data – a case study of data confidentiality in Egyptian banks“. In Development of legal systems in Russia and foreign countries: problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02061-6-201-211.
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The research paper includes exposure to the constitutional protection of personal data, which is one of the most important peculiarities of legal personality. We will continue to clarify the uses of data in dealing with digital banks to avoid the risks of breaching them, in confirmation of the constitutional texts that protect them.
Uses of personal data outside geographical boundaries require specific legislative texts to protect the rights of the customer, and this is what was recently stipulated in Egyptian legislation. Big data is important in decision-making, especially economic decisions. This is why I spoke about its definition, sources, classification and importance in promoting sustainable development goals. The research was divided into two sections as follows: «The first topic: Constitutional protection of data confidentiality in Egyptian law», «Banks compete in big data».
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Semyakin, Mikhail. „Reformation of the Russian Civil Code in the Context of Human Rights Protection“. In The Public/Private in Modern Civilization, the 22nd Russian Scientific-Practical Conference (with international participation) (Yekaterinburg, April 16-17, 2020). Liberal Arts University – University for Humanities, Yekaterinburg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35853/ufh-public/private-2020-20.
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In connection with the reform of civil legislation, several amendments are being drafted into the Russian Civil Code, in particular into the institute of property rights, which need to be scientifically analysed from the perspective of ensuring that citizens’ rights are adequately protected. The study is to scientifically evaluate the proposed amendments, and to develop individual recommendations for their improvement. Besides general scientific methodology, the following specific scientific study methods were employed: dogmatic, formal-logic, comparative-legal, as well as methods of interpreting normative material and analysing court practice. In the context of the protection of the rights and legal interests of civilians, an analysis was carried out of the projected regulations on the institute of property rights and the individual novelties contained in the Law ‘On introducing amendments to Part One of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation’ have been examined. In general, the proposed amendments to the institution of proprietary rights implying the assurance of proper protection of rights of bona fide individuals are adequately protected. Particular attention was paid to certain contentious points between the designed amendments and effective legislative provisions, in particular those relating to the rights of the previous owner of the property and the good faith purchaser of the property in question. Recommendations regarding certain incorrect provisions were given, particularly in relation to recognising a real estate acquirer as a bona fide purchaser who relied on data from the state register until it is proven in court that he knew that there was no right to alienate the concerned property. The draft amendments are considered for the first time in the context of the proper protection of citizens’ rights and in close connection with the provisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the European principle of proportionality.
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Mitrović, Ljubinko, und Predrag Raosavljević. „HUMAN RIGHTS OMBUDSMEN IN THE PANDEMIC: CHALLENGES IN PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS“. In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18353.
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Pandemic of virus COVID-19 posed numerous and unprecedented challenges to citizens and authorities which required shift in behavior and actions of all segments of society. Representing Ombudsmen Institution of Bosnia and Herzegovina, authors shared their experience in monitoring implementation of the decisions of all levels of government and presented challenges in striking the right balance between interests of public health and protection of rights of vulnerable groups. Public authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina have passed emergency measures aimed at containing the spread of virus, but some of them failed to maintain human rights standards. Following the decisions of crisis centers to limit the freedom of movement, it was necessary to secure rights of children to education, protection from domestic violence and neglect in the family context. In introducing online education, authorities were asked to adapt recognition and grading system to the children in different conditions and circumstances, especially to the children with difficulties in development, children living in poverty and on margins of society such as Roma children or those living in institutions. Ombudsmen Institution registered increase in the number of domestic violence cases because measures limiting freedom of movement had impact on victims' ability to seek help from trusted sources, usually members of immediate family or representatives of law enforcement agencies. Having in mind that large number of citizens could not afford access to the official gazettes in any form, Ombudsmen requested that all enacted legislation be accessible online recommended that the decision banning reporters from conferences be reconsidered, guided by the right of citizens to be informed of their government actions. Examining the practice of placing COVID stickers on mail by the Post Office, Ombudsmen issued recommendation to stop such practice as it was deemed disproportional to the right to privacy and protection of personal data, while the protection of postal workers could have been ensured by other protective measures. It also became evident that national budgetary capacities had to be increased in order to prevent deterioration in provision of basic public services such as health and social protection, since economic consequences of the pandemic were disproportionally felt by the groups exposed to poverty, such as Roma, refugees or migrants. Drawing conclusion from concrete cases, authors offer review of particular emergency measures, analyze their adequacy, justifiability and timeliness, while presenting authorities’ response to Ombudsmen’s findings in formulating more adequate and efficient but, at the same time, least intrusive measures taken in response to the disaster. In search of common response to such widespread phenomenon, governments should recognize the intention of Ombudsmen Institutions to be in „permanent session“ over protection of vulnerable groups and should more actively involve it in discussions on emergency measures and their effect on human rights and freedoms. It proved to be better suited to act quickly, to apply more effective remedies and to correct government actions thanks to its knowledge of the local context than traditional institutions for protection of human rights, such as constitutional courts, international courts or treaty bodies.