Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Dark Count Rate (DCR)“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Dark Count Rate (DCR)"
Wang, Wei, Guang Wang, Hongan Zeng, Yuanyao Zhao, U.-Fat Chio und Jun Yuan. „A low dark count rate single photon avalanche diode with standard 180 nm CMOS technology“. Modern Physics Letters B 33, Nr. 09 (30.03.2019): 1950099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919500994.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXu, Qing Yao, Hong Pei Wang, Xiang Chao Hu, Hai Qian, Ying Cheng Peng, Xiao Hang Ren und Yan Jie Li. „Quenching Circuit of Avalanche Diodes for Single Photon Detection“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (Oktober 2013): 1073–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.1073.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWu, Ming-Lo, Emanuele Ripiccini, Ekin Kizilkan, Francesco Gramuglia, Pouyan Keshavarzian, Carlo Alberto Fenoglio, Kazuhiro Morimoto und Edoardo Charbon. „Radiation Hardness Study of Single-Photon Avalanche Diode for Space and High Energy Physics Applications“. Sensors 22, Nr. 8 (11.04.2022): 2919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22082919.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLiu, Fang, Xiaoxue Fan, Xilei Sun, Bin Liu, Junjie Li, Yong Deng, Huan Jiang, Tianze Jiang und Peiguang Yan. „Characterization of a Mass-Produced SiPM at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature for CsI Neutrino Coherent Detectors“. Sensors 22, Nr. 3 (31.01.2022): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleXun, Mingzhu, Yudong Li, Jie Feng, Chengfa He, Mingyu Liu und Qi Guo. „Effect of Proton Irradiation on Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes“. Electronics 13, Nr. 1 (04.01.2024): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13010224.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRazeto, A., F. Acerbi, V. Camillo, M. Carlini, L. Consiglio, A. Flammini, C. Galbiati et al. „Very large SiPM arrays with aggregated output“. Journal of Instrumentation 17, Nr. 05 (01.05.2022): P05038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/05/p05038.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZeng, Mei-Ling, Yang Wang, Xiang-Liang Jin, Yan Peng und Jun Luo. „Design, Fabrication, and Verification of Blue-Extended Single-Photon Avalanche Diode with Low Dark Count Rate and High Photon Detection Efficiency“. Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, Nr. 4 (01.04.2021): 546–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2975.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWhite, Sebastian. „Signal processing to reduce dark noise impact in precision timing“. Journal of Instrumentation 18, Nr. 07 (01.07.2023): P07051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/07/p07051.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSanzaro, Mirko, Fabio Signorelli, Paolo Gattari, Alberto Tosi und Franco Zappa. „0.16 µm–BCD Silicon Photomultipliers with Sharp Timing Response and Reduced Correlated Noise“. Sensors 18, Nr. 11 (03.11.2018): 3763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113763.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMinga, Joana, Paolo Brogi, Gianmaria Collazuol, Gian-Franco Dalla Betta, Pier Simone Marrocchesi, Fabio Morsani, Lucio Pancheri, Lodovico Ratti, Gianmarco Torilla und Carla Vacchi. „A Wireless, Battery-Powered Probe Based on a Dual-Tier CMOS SPAD Array for Charged Particle Sensing“. Electronics 12, Nr. 11 (05.06.2023): 2549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112549.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Dark Count Rate (DCR)"
Sicre, Mathieu. „Study of the noise aging mechanisms in single-photon avalanche photodiode for time-of-flight imaging“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0104.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSingle-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD) are used for Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors to determine distance from a target by measuring the travel time of an emitted pulsed signal. These photodetectors work by triggering an avalanche of charge carriers upon photon absorption, resulting in a substantial amplification which can be detected. However, they are subject to spurious triggering by parasitic generated charge carriers, quantified as Dark Count Rate (DCR), which can compromise the accuracy of the measured distance. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and eliminate the potential source of DCR. To tackle this issue, a simulation methodology has been implemented to assess the DCR. This is achieved by simulating the avalanche breakdown probability, integrated with the carrier generation rate from defects. The breakdown probability can be simulated either in a deterministically, based on electric-field streamlines, or stochastically, by means of drift-diffusion simulation of the random carrier path. This methodology allows for the identification of the potential sources of pre-stress DCR by comparing simulation results to experimental data over a wide range of voltage and temperature. To ensure the accuracy of distance range measurements over time, it is necessary to predict the DCR level under various operating conditions. The aforementioned simulation methodology is used to identify the potential sources of post-stress DCR by comparing simulation results to stress experiments that evaluate the principal stress factors, namely temperature, voltage and irradiance. Furthermore, a Monte-Carlo study has been conducted to examine the device-to-device variation along stress duration. For an accurate Hot-Carrier Degradation (HCD) kinetics model, it is essential to consider not only the carrier energy distribution function but also the distribution of Si−H bond dissociation energy distribution at the Si/SiO2 interface. The number of available hot carriers is estimated from the carrier current density according to the carrier energy distribution simulated by means of a full-band Monte-Carlo method. The impact-ionization dissociation probability is employed to model the defect creation process, which exhibits sub-linear time dependence due to the gradual exhaustion of defect precursors. Accurate distance ranging requires distinguishing the signal from ambient noise and the DCR floor, and ensuring the target’s accumulated photon signal dominates over other random noise sources. An analytical formula allows to estimate the maximum distance ranging using the maximum signal strength, ambient noise level, and confidence levels. The impact of DCR can be estimated by considering the target’s reflectance and the ambient light conditions. In a nutshell, this work makes use of a in-depth characterization and simulation methodology to predict DCR in SPAD devices along stress duration, thereby allowing the assessment of its impact on distance range measurements
Webster, Eric Alexander Garner. „Single-Photon Avalanche Diode theory, simulation, and high performance CMOS integration“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17987.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLozza, Valentina. „Low energy low background photon counter for wisp search experiments“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3719.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRemarkable interest has recently arisen about the search for Weakly Inter- acting Sub-eV Particles (WISPs), such as axions, Axion Like Particles (ALPs), Minicharged and chameleon particles, all of which are not included in the Stan- dard Model. Precision experiments searching for WISPs probe energy scales as high as 10^6 TeV and are complementary to accelerator experiments, where the energy scale is a few TeV. The axion, in particular, is the oldest studied and has the strongest theoretical motivation, having its origin in Quantum Chromodynamics. It was introduced for the first time in 1973 by Peccei and Quinn to solve the strong CP problem, while later on the cosmological implications of its postulated existence also became clear: it is a good candidate for the cold dark matter, and it is necessary to fully explain the evolution of galaxies. Among the different interactions of axions, the most promising for its detection, from an experimental point of view, is the coupling to two photons (Primakoff effect). Using this coupling, several bounds on the axion mass and energy scale have been set by astrophysical observations, by laboratory experiments and by the direct observation of celestial bodies, such as the Sun. Most of these considerations, as was recently recognized, not only constrain the mass and coupling of the axion, but are more generally applicable to all ALPs. The current best limits on the coupling, over a wide range of ALP masses, come from the the CAST (Cern Axion Solar Telescope) experiment at Cern, which looks for ALPs produced in the solar core. The experiment is based on the Primakoff effect in a high magnetic field, where solar ALPs can be reconverted in photons. The CAST magnet, a 10 T, 10 m long LHC superconducting dipole, is placed on a mobile platform in order to follow the Sun twice a day, during sunrise and sunset, and has two straight bores instrumented with X-ray detectors at each end. The re- generated photon flux is, in fact, expected to be peaked at a few keV. On the other hand, there are suggestions that the problem of the anomalous temperature profile of the solar corona could be solved by a mechanism which could enhance the low energy tail of the regenerated photon spectrum. A low energy photon counter has, for this reason, been designed and built to cover one of the CAST ports, at least temporarily. Low energy, low background photon counters such as the one just mentioned, are also crucial for most experiments searching for WISPs. The low energy photon counting system initially developed to be coupled to CAST will be applicable, with proper upgrades, to other WISPs search experiments. It consists of a Galilean telescope to match the CAST magnet bore cross section to an optical fiber leading photons to the sensors, passing first through an optical switch. This last device allows one to share input photons between two different detectors, and to acquire light and background data simultaneously. The sensors at the end of this chain are a photomultiplier tube and an avalanche photodiode operated in Geiger mode. Each detector was preliminary characterized on a test bench, then it was coupled to the optical system. The final integrated setup was subsequently mounted on one of the CAST magnet bores. A set of measurements, including live sun tracking, was carried out at Cern during 2007-2008. The background ob- tained there was the same measured in the test bench measurements, around 0.4 Hz, but it is clear that to progress from these preliminary measurements a lower background sensor is needed. Different types of detectors were considered and the final choice fell on a Geiger mode avalanche photodiode (G-APD) cooled at liquid nitrogen temperature. The aim is to drastically reduce the dark count rate, al- though an increase in the afterpulsing phenomenon is expected. Since the detector is designed to be operated in a scenario where a very low rate of signal photons is predicted, the afterpulsing effect can be accepted and corrected by an increase in the detector dead time. First results show that a reduction in background of a factor better than 10^4 is obtained, with no loss in quantum e ciency. In addition, an optical system based on a semitransparent mirror (transparent to X-rays and re ective for 1-2 eV photons) has been built. This setup, covering the low energy spectrum of solar ALPs, will be installed permanently on the CAST beamline. Current work is centered on further tests on the liquid nitrogen cooled G-APD concept involving different types of sensors and different layouts of the front-end read-out electronics, with a particular attention to the quenching cir- cuit, whether active or passive. Once these detector studies are completed, the final low background sensor will be installed on the CAST experiment. It is important to note that the use of a single photon counter for low energy photons having a good enough background (<1 Hz at least) is not limited to the CAST case, but is of great importance for most WISPs experimental searches, with special regard for photon regeneration experi- ments, and, in general, for the field of precision experiments in particle physics.
Negli ultimi tempi è riemerso un notevole interesse nel campo della ricerca di particelle leggere debolmenti interagenti (Weakly Interacting Sub-eV Particles - WISPs), come ad esempio assioni, particelle con comportamenti simili agli assioni (Axion Like Particles - ALPs), particelle con carica frazionaria e particelle camaleonte; tutti tipi di particelle non inclusi nel Modello Standard. Vista la loro natura debolmente interagente, la scala di energia coinvolta è dell'ordine dei 10^6 TeV, queste particelle non sono visibili nelle collisioni realizzabili negli attuali acceleratori e possono invece essere studiate in esperimenti di precisione, che, sotto questo punto di vista, diventano complementari agli esperimenti su acceleratori. L'assione in particolare è la prima particella, da un punto di vista cronologico, ad essere stata ipotizzata, ed inoltre la sua esistenza è supportata da forti basi teoriche: la sua origine va infatti ricercata all'interno della Cromodinamica Quantistica (QCD). L'assione fu introdotto per la prima volta nel 1973 da Peccei e Quinn come soluzione del problema di violazione di CP nelle interazioni forti, mentre le sue implicazioni cosmologiche risultarono chiare solo in seguito. L'assione infatti può essere considerato un buon candidato per la materia oscura fredda e la sua introduzione è necessaria per spiegare l'evoluzione delle galassie. Tra le diverse interazione degli assioni con la materia e la radiazione, la più interessante da un punto di vista sperimentale è l'accoppiamento con due fotoni (effetto Primakoff). Usando questo tipo di accoppiamento numerosi limiti, sia sulla massa dell'assione che sulle scale di energia coinvolte, possono essere ottenuti da osservazioni astrofisiche e da esperimenti di laboratorio così come dalla diretta osservazione di oggetti celesti tipo il Sole. Queste considerazioni possono essere applicate non solo all'assione ma più in generale a tutte le ALPs. Attualmente i limiti migliori sulla costante di accoppiamento, su un largo spettro di masse di ALPs, si sono ottenuti dall'esperimento CAST (Cern Axion Solar Tele- scope) al Cern, che guarda agli ALPs prodotti nel Sole. L'esperimento è basato sull'effetto Primakoff in un campo magnetico elevato, dove gli ALPs solari sono riconvertiti in fotoni. Il magnete dell'esperimento CAST è costituito da un prototipo per un dipolo superconduttore di LHC, lungo 10 m e con un campo magnetico totale di 10 T. Il magnete è posto su di un affusto mobile per poter seguire il sole durante le fasi di alba e tramonto. Alle due estremità del magnete sono disposti quattro rivelatori sensibili nel campo degli X molli. Il picco del usso di fotoni rigenerato è infatti atteso a pochi keV. Tuttavia, ci sono suggerimenti che il prob- lema ancora aperto del profilo di temperatura della corona solare può essere risolto tramite un meccanismo che contemporaneamente incrementerebbe le code a bassa energia dell'atteso usso di fotoni rigenerati. A questo scopo un contatore di fotoni sensibile nell'intervallo del visibile è stato progettato ed assemblato per coprire una delle quattro porte del magnete di CAST, almeno temporaneamente. I contatori di fotoni studiati hanno un largo campo di applicazione e possono essere usati in altri tipi di esperimenti per la ricerca di WISPs. Il sistema inizialmente sviluppato per CAST consiste in un telescopio Galileiano per accoppiare una fibra ottica all'apertura del magnete di CAST, la fibra ottica è quindi collegata ad un interruttore ottico che permette di utilizzare due rivelatori contemporaneamente. La fibra in ingresso è infatti collegata alternativamente a due fibre in uscita, in questo modo ciascun rivelatore acquisisce per metà del tempo segnale e per metà del tempo fondo, lasciando inalterato il tempo totale di integrazione. I sensori utilizzati fino ad ora al termine della catena ottica sono un tubo fotomoltiplicatore e un avalanche photodiode operato in modalità Geiger. Ciascun rivelatore è stato preliminarmente caratterizzato su un banco di prova e quindi collegato al sistema ottico. Il sistema finale è stato quindi installato su CAST. Una serie di misure, che includono reali prese dati, sono state condotte al Cern durante il 2007-2008. La misura del fondo ottenuta a CAST è stata la stessa misurata durante i test di prova a Trieste, circa 0.4 Hz, ma risulta chiaro che il vero sviluppo futuro è basato su un sensore a fondo molto più basso. A questo scopo sono stati considerati diversi tipi di sensore e la scelta finale è ricaduta su di un avalanche photodiode operato in modalità Geiger e raffreddato all'azoto liquido. Lo scopo è quello di ridurre drasticamente i conteggi di fondo, sebbene a queste temperature sia atteso un incremento del rateo di afterpulses. Tuttavia il rivelatore è pensato per essere utilizzato in un applicazione a basso rateo e quindi il fenomeno degli afterpulses può essere ridotto agendo direttamente sul tempo morto del rivelatore, cioè aumentandolo. I primi test condotti sul rivelatore mostrano un decremento del fondo pari ad un fattore meglio di 10^4, senza rilevabili variazioni in efficienza. In aggiunta a questo sistema, per ottenere un'installazione permanente sul fascio di CAST, è stato realizzato uno specchio semitrasparente, che lascia pressocchè inalterato il fascio di raggi X e invece de ette il fascio di fotoni con energia nel visibile. Il lavoro attuale è incentrato sullo sviluppo del rivelatore a basso fondo raffreddato all'azoto liquido, includendo anche lo studio di diversi tipi di sensore e diversi tipi di elettronica di lettura, con particolare attenzione all'elettronica di quenching del circuito con le varianti attiva e passiva. Una volta terminati gli studi sui diversi tipi di rivelatori, l'apparato finale sarà installato su CAST. E' comunque importante notare che l'uso di un rivelatore a singolo fotone sensibile tra 1-2 eV con un fondo sufficientemente basso (<1 Hz almeno) non è limitato all'uso su CAST ma in tutti gli altri esperimenti per la ricerca di WISPs, con particolare riguardo agli esperimenti di rigenerazione risonante, e in generale, nel campo di applicazione degli esperimenti di precisione alla fisica delle particelle.
1982
Hsu, Fang-Ze, und 許方則. „Single photon avalanche diode with low dark count rate in standard CMOS technology“. Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34124984127248225111.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle國立交通大學
電子研究所
101
In this thesis, we propose and demonstrate a device structure of low dark-count-rate (DCR) single photon detector. To avoid the breakdown events triggered by the trap of shallow trench isolation (STI) in the active region, we design a guard-ring structure to keep the STI in distance or relocate the active region from the top region to the deeper one. TCAD simulation tool is used to calculate the spatial distributions of electric field and impact ionization to confirm the feasibility of our design. With the 0.25-µm high-voltage standard CMOS technology, we have fabricated the designed devices successfully. The DCRs of devices under various excess voltages have been characterized with the setup in our lab and with the passive quenching circuit. The results show that the DCR of designed structure is lowered by more than two orders comparing with that of the conventional one. The lowest DCR less than 10 Hz is obtained. With a precise calibration of incident power, we have also measured the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of the devices under various excess voltage and incident wavelengths. The highest PDE reaches 15.4 % at 650 nm. At last, we discuss the DCR mechanism of the best device and suggest the direction for further improvement in the future.
Buchteile zum Thema "Dark Count Rate (DCR)"
Chu, Tong, Guilan Feng, Tianqi Zhao und Chunlan Lin. „Research Progress of Single Photon Avalanche Diode with Low Dark Count Rate“. In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1–9. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4110-4_1.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMontagnani, Giovanni Ludovico. „Development of a 3” LaBr3 SiPM-Based Detection Module for High Resolution Gamma Ray Spectroscopy and Imaging“. In Special Topics in Information Technology, 77–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_7.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Dark Count Rate (DCR)"
Liu, Mingguo, Xiaogang Bai, Chong Hu, Xiangyi Guo, Joe Campbell, Xiaoguang Zheng, Zhong Pan und Mark Toshima. „Low Dark Count Rate and High Single Photon Detection Efficiency Avalanche Photodiode in Geiger-mode Operation“. In 2006 64th Device Research Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/drc.2006.305099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleTang, Xiao, Lijun Ma und Oliver Slattery. „Ultra low dark-count-rate up-conversion single photon detector“. In 2010 23rd Annual Meeting of the IEEE Photonics Society (Formerly LEOS Annual Meeting). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/photonics.2010.5698783.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIssartel, D., T. Chaves de Albuquerque, R. Clerc, P. Pittet, R. Cellier, D. Golanski, A. Cathelin und F. Calmon. „SPAD FDSOI cell optimization for lower dark count rate achievement“. In 2020 Joint International EUROSOI Workshop and International Conference on Ultimate Integration on Silicon (EUROSOI-ULIS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosoi-ulis49407.2020.9365292.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChen, Xing, und Zhigao Wang. „Study on Improvement of Dark Count Rate for Silicon Photomultiplier“. In 2023 China Semiconductor Technology International Conference (CSTIC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cstic58779.2023.10219269.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleChu, Tong, Tianqi Zhao, Guilan Feng, Chunlan Lin, Jinlv Pan, Kaiyue Guo und Rui Xu. „Backside-illuminated single photon avalanche diode with low dark count rate“. In 4th Optics Young Scientist Summit (OYSS 2020), herausgegeben von Chaoyang Lu, Yangjian Cai, Feng Chen und Zhaohui Li. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2591301.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleItzler, Mark A., Uppili Krishnamachari, Quan Chau, Xudong Jiang, Mark Entwistle, Mark Owens und Krystyna Slomkowski. „Statistical analysis of dark count rate in Geiger-mode APD FPAs“. In SPIE Security + Defence, herausgegeben von Gary Kamerman, Ove Steinvall, Gary J. Bishop, Ainsley Killey und John D. Gonglewski. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2068744.
Der volle Inhalt der Quellede Albuquerque, T. Chaves, D. Issartel, R. Clerc, P. Pittet, R. Cellier und F. Calmon. „Lowering the Dark Count Rate of SPAD Implemented in CMOS FDSOI Technology“. In 2019 Joint International EUROSOI Workshop and International Conference on Ultimate Integration on Silicon (EUROSOI-ULIS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurosoi-ulis45800.2019.9041916.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePan, Jinglyu, Guilan Feng, Tianqi Zhao, Chunlan Lin, Tong Chu, Kaiyue Guo, Liangqiang Xu, Jiabao Li und Wankang Wu. „Optimized structure of single photon avalanche diode with low dark count rate“. In Second Optics Frontier Conference, herausgegeben von Shining Zhu, Xiangang Luo, Long Zhang und Tiejun Cui. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2643650.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSicre, Mathieu, Megan Agnew, Christel Buj, Jean Coignus, Dominique Golanski, Remi Helleboid, Bastien Mamdy et al. „Dark Count Rate in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes: Characterization and Modeling study“. In ESSCIRC 2021 - IEEE 47th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esscirc53450.2021.9567806.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSicre, Mathieu, Megan Agnew, Christel Buj, Jean Coignus, Dominique Golanski, Remi Helleboid, Bastien Mamdy et al. „Dark Count Rate in Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes: Characterization and Modeling study“. In ESSDERC 2021 - IEEE 51st European Solid-State Device Research Conference (ESSDERC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/essderc53440.2021.9631797.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Dark Count Rate (DCR)"
Balajthy, Jon, James Burkart, Joel Christiansen, Melinda Sweany, Darlene Udoni und Thomas Weber. Modification of a Silicon Photomultiplier for Reduced High Temperature Dark Count Rate. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1886439.
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