Thematische Bibliographien / Cycloaddition du CO2

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cycloaddition du CO2“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 23. November 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cycloaddition du CO2"

Krompiec, Stanisław, Aneta Kurpanik-Wójcik, Marek Matussek, Bogumiła Gołek, Angelika Mieszczanin, and Aleksandra Fijołek. "Diels–Alder Cycloaddition with CO, CO2, SO2, or N2 Extrusion: A Powerful Tool for Material Chemistry." Materials 15, no. 1 (2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010172.

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Phenyl, naphthyl, polyarylphenyl, coronene, and other aromatic and polyaromatic moieties primarily influence the final materials’ properties. One of the synthetic tools used to implement (hetero)aromatic moieties into final structures is Diels–Alder cycloaddition (DAC), typically combined with Scholl dehydrocondensation. Substituted 2-pyranones, 1,1-dioxothiophenes, and, especially, 1,3-cyclopentadienones are valuable substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition, leading to multisubstituted derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and other aromatics. Cycloadditions of dienes can be carried out with extrusion of carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, or sulphur dioxide. When pyranones, dioxothiophenes, or cyclopentadienones and DA cycloaddition are aided with acetylenes including masked ones, conjugated or isolated diynes, or polyynes and arynes, aromatic systems are obtained. This review covers the development and the current state of knowledge regarding thermal DA cycloaddition of dienes mentioned above and dienophiles leading to (hetero)aromatics via CO, CO2, or SO2 extrusion. Particular attention was paid to the role that introduced aromatic moieties play in designing molecular structures with expected properties. Undoubtedly, the DAC variants described in this review, combined with other modern synthetic tools, constitute a convenient and efficient way of obtaining functionalized nanomaterials, continually showing the potential to impact materials sciences and new technologies in the nearest future.

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Lin, Yi-Feng, Yu-Rou Lai, Hsiang-Ling Sung, Tsair-Wang Chung, and Kun-Yi Andrew Lin. "Design of Amine-Modified Zr–Mg Mixed Oxide Aerogel Nanoarchitectonics with Dual Lewis Acidic and Basic Sites for CO2/Propylene Oxide Cycloaddition Reactions." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (2022): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193442.

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The utilization of CO2 attracts much research attention because of global warming. The CO2/epoxide cycloaddition reaction is one technique of CO2 utilization. However, homogeneous catalysts with both Lewis acidic and basic and toxic solvents, such as DMF, are needed in the CO2/epoxide cycloaddition reaction. As a result, this study focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts with both Lewis acidic and basic sites for the CO2 utilization of the CO2/epoxide cycloaddition reactions without the addition of a DMF toxic solvent. For the first time, the Zr–Mg mixed oxide aerogels with Lewis acidic and basic sites are synthesized for the CO2/propylene oxide (PO) cycloaddition reactions. To further increase the basic sites, 3-Aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) with -NH2 functional group is successfully grafted on the Zr–Mg mixed oxide aerogels. The results indicate that the highest yield of propylene carbonate (PC) is 93.1% using the as-developed APTMS-modified Zr–Mg mixed oxide aerogels. The as-prepared APTMS-modified Zr–Mg mixed oxide aerogels are great potential in industrial plants for CO2 reduction in the future.

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Gao, Jie, Chengguang Yue, Hao Wang, et al. "CeO2-ZrO2 Solid Solution Catalyzed and Moderate Acidic–Basic Sites Dominated Cycloaddition of CO2 with Epoxides: Halogen-Free Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates." Catalysts 12, no. 6 (2022): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060632.

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For the production of cyclic carbonates from the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides, halogen pollution and product purity are two of the most common problems due to the usage of homogeneous halogen-containing catalysts such as ammonium salt and alkali metal halide. Hence, the development of a novel, halogen-free and efficient catalyst for the synthesis of high-purity cyclic carbonates is significant. Here, a series of acid–base bifunctional Ce1-xZrxO2 nanorods were successfully prepared. The Ce1-xZrxO2 nanorods could catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides efficiently without any halogen addition. Especially for the Ce0.7Zr0.3O2 catalyst, a conversion of 96% with 100% 1,2-butylene carbonate selectivity was achieved. The excellent catalytic performance of Ce1-xZrxO2 nanorods is attributed to the formation of the CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution, which contributes to abundant moderate acidic–basic active sites on the catalyst surface. It is the synergistic effect of moderate acidic–basic sites that dominates the conversion of CO2 with epoxides, which will supply important references for the synthesis of efficient metal oxide catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides.

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Noh, Jinmi, Dasom Kim, Jihyun Lee, et al. "Three Component Controls in Pillared Metal-Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Carbon Dioxide Fixation." Catalysts 8, no. 11 (2018): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal8110565.

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Three components of pillared metal-organic frameworks (MOFs, three components = metal ion, carboxylic acid ligand, and N-chelating ligand) were controlled for CO2 cycloaddition catalysts to synthesize organic cyclic carbonates. Among the divalent metals, Zn2+ showed the best catalytic activity, and in DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)-based MOFs, hydroxy-functionalized DMOF-OH was the most efficient MOF for CO2 cycloaddition. For the BPY (4,4’-bipyridyl)-type MOFs, all five prepared BMOFs (BPY MOFs) showed similar and good conversions for CO2 cycloaddition. Finally, this pillared MOF could be recycled up to three times without activity and crystallinity loss.

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Shang, Shu, Wei Shao, Xiao Luo, et al. "Facet Engineering in Constructing Lewis Acid-Base Pairs for CO₂ Cycloaddition to High Value-Added Carbonates." Research 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2022/9878054.

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Cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 to synthesis cyclic carbonates is an atom-economic pathway for CO2 utilization with promising industry application value, while its efficiency was greatly inhibited for the lack of highly active catalytic sites. Herein, by taking BiOX (X=Cl, Br) with layered structure for example, we proposed a facet engineering strategy to construct Lewis acid-base pairs for CO2 cycloaddition, where the typical BiOBr with (010) facets expose surface Lewis acid Bi sites and Lewis base Br sites simultaneously. By the combination of in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and theoretical calculations, the oxygen atom of the epoxide is interacted with the Lewis acid Bi site to activate the ternary ring, then facilitates the attack of the carbon atom by the Lewis base Br site for the ring-opening of the epoxide, which is the rate-determining step in the cycloaddition reaction. As a result, the BiOBr-(010) with rich surface Lewis acid-base pairs showed a high conversion of 85% with 100% atomic economy in the synthesis of cyclic-carbonates without any cocatalyst. This study provides a model structure for CO2 cycloaddition to high value-added long chain chemicals.

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Kiatkittipong, Kunlanan, Muhammad Amirul Amin Mohamad Shukri, Worapon Kiatkittipong, et al. "Green Pathway in Utilizing CO2 via Cycloaddition Reaction with Epoxide—A Mini Review." Processes 8, no. 5 (2020): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050548.

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Carbon dioxide (CO2) has been anticipated as an ideal carbon building block for organic synthesis due to the noble properties of CO2, which are abundant renewable carbon feedstock, non-toxic nature, and contributing to a more sustainable use of resources. Several green and proficient routes have been established for chemical CO2 fixation. Among the prominent routes, this review epitomizes the reactions involving cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 in producing cyclic carbonate. Cyclic carbonate has been widely used as a polar aprotic solvent, as an electrolyte in Li-ion batteries, and as precursors for various forms of chemical synthesis such as polycarbonates and polyurethanes. This review provides an overview in terms of the reaction mechanistic pathway and recent advances in the development of several classes of catalysts, including homogeneous organocatalysts (e.g., organic salt, ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvents), organometallic (e.g., mono-, bi-, and tri-metal salen complexes and non-salen complexes) and heterogeneous supported catalysts, and metal organic framework (MOF). Selection of effective catalysts for various epoxide substrates is very important in determining the cycloaddition operating condition. Under their catalytic systems, all classes of these catalysts, with regard to recent developments, can exhibit CO2 cycloaddition of terminal epoxide substrates at ambient temperatures and low CO2 pressure. Although highly desired conversion can be achieved for internal epoxide substrates, higher temperature and pressure are normally required. This includes fatty acid-derived terminal epoxides for oleochemical carbonate production. The production of fully renewable resources by employment of bio-based epoxy with biorefinery concept and potential enhancement of cycloaddition reactions are pointed out as well.

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Lei, Yizhu, Yali Wan, Wei Zhong, Dingfu Liu, and Zhou Yang. "Phosphonium-Based Porous Ionic Polymer with Hydroxyl Groups: A Bifunctional and Robust Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030596.

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The integration of synergic hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions that facilitates the ring-opening of epoxide is an effective way to develop an active catalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. In this work, a new heterogeneous catalyst for the cycloaddition of epoxides and CO2 into cyclic carbonates based on dual hydroxyls-functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromide (PQPBr-2OH) was presented. Physicochemical characterizations suggested that PQPBr-2OH possessed large surface area, hierarchical pore structure, functional hydroxyl groups, and high density of active sites. Consequently, it behaved as an efficient, recyclable, and metal-free catalyst for the additive and solvent free cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2. Comparing the activity of PQPBr-2OH with that of the reference catalysts based on mono and non-hydroxyl functionalized polymeric phosphonium bromides suggested that hydroxyl functionalities in PQPBr-2OH showed a critical promotion effect on its catalytic activity for CO2 conversion. Moreover, PQPBr-2OH proved to be quite robust and recyclable. It could be reused at least ten times with only a slight decrease of its initial activity.

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Shi, Jinghua, Jinliang Song, Jun Ma, Zhaofu Zhang, Honglei Fan, and Buxing Han. "Effective synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides catalyzed by KI/cucurbit[6]uril." Pure and Applied Chemistry 85, no. 8 (2013): 1633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac-con-12-10-09.

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The development of efficient, inexpensive, and nontoxic catalysts for cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to produce five-membered cyclic carbonates is a very interesting topic. In this work, cycloaddition of CO2 with propylene oxide (PO) to produce propylene carbonate (PC) catalyzed by potassium halides (KCl, KBr, and KI) in the presence of cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) was studied at various conditions. It was discovered that the potassium halides and CB[6] had excellent synergetic effect in promoting the reaction, and the KI/CB[6] catalytic system was the most efficient among them. The decrease of the activity and selectivity of KI/CB[6] was negligible after the catalytic system was reused five times. Further study indicated that the KI/CB[6] catalytic system was also very active and selective for the cycloaddition of CO2 with other epoxides, such as glycidyl phenyl ether, epichlorohydrin, and styrene oxide. The mechanism for the synergetic effect of KI and CB[6] was also discussed.

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Tangyen, Niracha, Wuttichai Natongchai, and Valerio D’Elia. "Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts." Molecules 29, no. 10 (2024): 2307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102307.

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The cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford versatile and useful cyclic carbonate compounds is a highly investigated method for the nonreductive upcycling of CO2. One of the main focuses of the current research in this area is the discovery of readily available, sustainable, and inexpensive catalysts, and of catalytic methodologies that allow their seamless solvent-free recycling. Water, often regarded as an undesirable pollutant in the cycloaddition process, is progressively emerging as a helpful reaction component. On the one hand, it serves as an inexpensive hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to enhance the performance of ionic compounds; on the other hand, aqueous media allow the development of diverse catalytic protocols that can boost catalytic performance or ease the recycling of molecular catalysts. An overview of the advances in the use of aqueous and biphasic aqueous systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is provided in this work along with recommendations for possible future developments.

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Bester, Karol, Agnieszka Bukowska, Aleksandra Kawka, Maciej Pytel, and Wiktor Bukowski. "Salophen chromium(iii) complexes functionalized with pyridinium salts as catalysts for carbon dioxide cycloaddition to epoxides." RSC Advances 14, no. 4 (2024): 2466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra07750k.

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Novel multifunctional one-component catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides. The selective and effective conversion of substrates to cyclic carbonates possible using 0.01 mol% catalyst and a low CO2 pressure.

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