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Dissertationen zum Thema „Cycling arena“
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1
Slunečková, Magdaléna. „Favorit Brno / cyklistický stadion - bikrosová dráha / architektonická studie - design / druhá etapa“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443701.
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The topic of this diploma thesis is the architectural study of the cycling arena – velodrome – as a part of The Hněvkovský sports ground in Brno-Komárov. The new velodrome is situated next to the existing bicycle motocross ground and serves as a facility for the track cycling, indoor cycling and BMX. The core of the velodrome consists of the 250-meter wooden steeply banked track, which, together with other sports ground’s parameters fits the requirements of International Cyling Uninon for hosting international competitions. Cycling arena includes premises for athletes, spectators (stands are designed for 2700 spectators) and Favorit Brno administration and also bicycle storage and service areas. Facility includes also gym, fitness room, wellness and physiotherapy, athletes‘ accomodation. The velodrome is roofed with the arch-formed membrane anchored to a robust bond beam, that is brought to the ground in the front part of the building. This V-shaped bond beam together with the arched membrane geometry defines the building dynamic expression.
2
Perkins, Andrew Eugene. „Investigation and Prediction of Solder Joint Reliability for Ceramic Area Array Packages under Thermal Cycling, Power Cycling, and Vibration Environments“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14518.
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Microelectronic systems are subjected to thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration environments in various applications. These environments, whether applied sequentially or simultaneously, affect the solder joint reliability. Literature is scarce on predicting solder joint fatigue failure under such multiple loading environments. This thesis aims to develop a unified modeling methodology to study the reliability of electronic packages subjected to thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration loading conditions. Such a modeling methodology is comprised of an enriched material model to accommodate time-, temperature-, and direction-dependent behavior of various materials in the assembly, and at the same time, will have a geometry model that can accommodate thermal- and power-cycling induced low-cycle fatigue damage mechanism as well as vibration-induced high-cycle fatigue damage mechanism. The developed modeling methodology is applied to study the reliability characteristics of ceramic area array electronic packages with lead-based solder interconnections. In particular, this thesis aims to study the reliability of such solder interconnections under thermal, power, and vibration conditions individually, and validate the model against these conditions using appropriate experimental data either from in-house experiments or existing literature. Once validated, this thesis also aims to perform a design of simulations study to understand the effect of various materials, geometry, and thermal parameters on solder joint reliability of ceramic ball grid array and ceramic column grid array packages, and use such a study to develop universal polynomial predictive equations for solder joint reliability. The thesis also aims to employ the unified modeling methodology to develop new understanding of the acceleration factor relationship between power cycling and thermal cycling. Finally, this thesis plans to use the unified modeling methodology to study solder joint reliability under the sequential application of thermal cycling and vibration loading conditions, and to validate the modeling results with first-of-its-kind experimental data. A nonlinear cumulative damage law is developed to account for the nonlinearity and effect of sequence loading under thermal cycling, power cycling, and vibration loading.
3
Hull, Karolina. „Cycling to school : Investigating accessibility and seasonal differences using GIS service area analysis“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-172351.
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Cycling to school is one way of minimising the negative environmental effects of car use, on the one hand, and increasing children’s exercise on the other. Cycling can also be challenging in winter as bicycle paths need keep a certain standard to be cyclable (e.g. cleared of snow). An assumption is made that cycling in winter can affect the accessibility as less maintained roads will not be as cyclable. This study looks at the case of Umeå, in northern Sweden that has a long winter season and have prioritized bicycle paths in terms of maintenance. Through service area analysis in ArcGIS software, accessibility in terms of travel time is measured to the closest primary and lower secondary school in 10-minute intervals and in two seasonal scenarios. By applying soft restrictions and speed differences, the priority in the bicycle network is considered in the winter scenario. The number of children between 7 – 15 years who live within each service area is also calculated. The results show that 98 % of children in the study area can cycle to their closest school regardless of education level or season. Slight seasonal differences were found but are not significant. This is positive in terms of children’s general accessibility to school by bicycle but also in the potential possibilities for children to cycle to school all year round. The challenge now lies primarily in the individual components of accessibility and whether children are authorised to cycle by their parents/guardians.
4
Jones, Colin G. „Tropical cyclone forecasting with a limited area model“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386034.
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Rydberg, Erik, und Andreas Johannesson. „Laserskanning av Södra Climate Arena“. Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56461.
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Rapporten går ut på att se om laserskanning är en bra metod att använda sig av vid ombyggnation, tillbyggnad och renovering. För att få fram ett svar på detta har två takbalkar i Södra Climate Arena skannats av. Vid genomförandet användes en laserskanner från Leica av varianten P30. Försöket innehåller fyra stycken uppställningar som riktas mot sex stycken måltavlor. Informationen som fåtts ut från skanningen i form av en sektion i AutoCAD har jämförts med befintliga ritningar för att se om informationen från skanningen stämmer överens med ritningarna. I modellen som fåtts ut från försöket har också mätning och undersökning skett för att se hur bra det går att mäta i modellen och om det är något som fungerar lätt att använda sig av i praktiken. Arbetet går även ut på att få en god inblick i hur laserskannern Leica P30 fungerar.
6
Madhura, Hande Handattu Lall Pradeep. „Prognostics health management and damage relationships of lead-free components in thermal cycling harsh environments“. Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/8.
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7
Pyland, James. „Damage metric-based thermal cycling guidelines for area-array packages used in harsh thermal conditions“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18851.
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8
Herzberg, Susie. „Urban transport planning and the use of the bicycle“. Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PLM/09plmh582.pdf.
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9
Liu, Di. „Integral Measurement of Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM)“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5573.
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Atmospheric aerosol particles also known as atmospheric particulate matter or particulate matter (PM) are microscopic particles (solid or liquid) suspended in air, which is one of six air pollutants in US air quality standard. PM is classified as coarse particles with diameters between 2.5 to 10 mm, fine particles with a diameter less than 2.5 mm (PM2.5), and ultrafine particles with the diameter less than 0.1 mm (PM0.1). Epidemiological studies have already showed the adverse health effects (such as asthma, lung cancer and respiratory and cardiovascular disease) resulted from exposure to the fine and ultrafine particles. Monitoring the PM concentration (i.e., either mass or surface area concentration of PM) is critical for the protection of public health and environment and for the regulatory control. Various PM sensors are now available in market. A majority of these PM sensors are optical sensors, whose readouts are highly depended on the physical property and composition of PM. Several PM monitors based on the measurement principle of electrical charging are also available. However, the empirical calibration of the readout of these electrical PM monitors via the use of standard dust particles makes it difficult to obtain the true mass concentration of PM when PM size distribution is different from that of standard dust.
The overall objective of this dissertation is to advance our scientific knowledge on the performance of cost-effective PM monitors for measuring either mass or surface area concentration of fine and ultrafine PM. This thesis includes two parts: (1) is on the evaluation of existing PM sensor for PM mass concentration measurement; (2) is on the development of new PM monitor for PM surface area concentration measurement. For the first part of this dissertation, four low-cost optical sensors, one Personal Dust Monitor (PDM) and DustrakTM were experimentally evaluated. Particles in the size distribution having different mean size, standard deviation value and material were used as test aerosol particles. The readouts of these low-cost and portable sensors are compared to that of a standard TEOM (Tapered Element Oscillation Microbalance). For the second part of this dissertation, a new electrical PM monitor, consisting of a corona-based aerosol charger, a precipitator and high sensitive current meter, has been proposed for measuring surface area concentration of fine and ultrafine PM. Particles are electrically charged upon entering an electrical PM monitor. Instead of using Faraday cage and current meter to measure the charges carried by particles in existed electrical PM sensors, the new PM monitor measures the current carried by particles deposited directly on the wall of the precipitator. A thorough evaluation has been carried out to evaluate the fundamental performance of this new PM monitor. In addition, small cyclones (i.e., quadru-inlet and tapered-body cyclones) were also evaluated as the size-selective inlet of these PM sensors/monitors to minimize the potential interface from the presence of PM with large sizes in the air. The small quadru-inlet cyclone is to resolve the issue of directional sampling; and the tapered-body cyclones is to reduce the cyclone pressure drop while having small cyclone cutoff particle size. Each cyclone has been evaluated via the measurement of particle penetration curve and pressure drop. Semi-empirical models have been obtained for the prediction of cyclone performance.
10
Krause, Andreas, Susanne Dörfler, Markus Piwko, Florian M. Wisser, Tony Jaumann, Eike Ahrens, Lars Giebeler et al. „High Area Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Full-cell Battery with Prelitiathed Silicon Nanowire-Carbon Anodes for Long Cycling Stability“. Nature Publishing Group, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30116.
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We show full Li/S cells with the use of balanced and high capacity electrodes to address high power electro-mobile applications. The anode is made of an assembly comprising of silicon nanowires as active material densely and conformally grown on a 3D carbon mesh as a light-weight current collector, offering extremely high areal capacity for reversible Li storage of up to 9 mAh/cm(2). The dense growth is guaranteed by a versatile Au precursor developed for homogenous Au layer deposition on 3D substrates. In contrast to metallic Li, the presented system exhibits superior characteristics as an anode in Li/S batteries such as safe operation, long cycle life and easy handling. These anodes are combined with high area density S/C composite cathodes into a Li/S full-cell with an ether- and lithium triflate-based electrolyte for high ionic conductivity. The result is a highly cyclable full-cell with an areal capacity of 2.3 mAh/cm(2), a cyclability surpassing 450 cycles and capacity retention of 80% after 150 cycles (capacity loss <0.4% per cycle). A detailed physical and electrochemical investigation of the SiNW Li/S full-cell including in-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements reveals that the lower degradation is due to a lower self-reduction of polysulfides after continuous charging/discharging.
11
Krause, Andreas, Susanne Dörfler, Markus Piwko, Florian M. Wisser, Tony Jaumann, Eike Ahrens, Lars Giebeler et al. „High Area Capacity Lithium-Sulfur Full-cell Battery with Prelitiathed Silicon Nanowire-Carbon Anodes for Long Cycling Stability“. Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-217538.
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We show full Li/S cells with the use of balanced and high capacity electrodes to address high power electro-mobile applications. The anode is made of an assembly comprising of silicon nanowires as active material densely and conformally grown on a 3D carbon mesh as a light-weight current collector, offering extremely high areal capacity for reversible Li storage of up to 9 mAh/cm(2). The dense growth is guaranteed by a versatile Au precursor developed for homogenous Au layer deposition on 3D substrates. In contrast to metallic Li, the presented system exhibits superior characteristics as an anode in Li/S batteries such as safe operation, long cycle life and easy handling. These anodes are combined with high area density S/C composite cathodes into a Li/S full-cell with an ether- and lithium triflate-based electrolyte for high ionic conductivity. The result is a highly cyclable full-cell with an areal capacity of 2.3 mAh/cm(2), a cyclability surpassing 450 cycles and capacity retention of 80% after 150 cycles (capacity loss <0.4% per cycle). A detailed physical and electrochemical investigation of the SiNW Li/S full-cell including in-operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements reveals that the lower degradation is due to a lower self-reduction of polysulfides after continuous charging/discharging.
12
Yu, Bo. „Surface Mean Flow and Turbulence Structure in Tropical Cyclone Winds“. FIU Digital Commons, 2007. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/25.
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Hurricanes are one of the deadliest and costliest natural hazards affecting the Gulf coast and Atlantic coast areas of the United States. An effective way to minimize hurricane damage is to strengthen structures and buildings. The investigation of surface level hurricane wind behavior and the resultant wind loads on structures is aimed at providing structural engineers with information on hurricane wind characteristics required for the design of safe structures. Information on mean wind profiles, gust factors, turbulence intensity, integral scale, and turbulence spectra and co-spectra is essential for developing realistic models of wind pressure and wind loads on structures. The research performed for this study was motivated by the fact that considerably fewer data and validated models are available for tropical than for extratropical storms. Using the surface wind measurements collected by the Florida Coastal Monitoring Program (FCMP) during hurricane passages over coastal areas, this study presents comparisons of surface roughness length estimates obtained by using several estimation methods, and estimates of the mean wind and turbulence structure of hurricane winds over coastal areas under neutral stratification conditions. In addition, a program has been developed and tested to systematically analyze Wall of Wind (WoW) data, that will make it possible to perform analyses of baseline characteristics of flow obtained in the WoW. This program can be used in future research to compare WoW data with FCMP data, as gust and turbulence generator systems and other flow management devices will be used to create WoW flows that match as closely as possible real hurricane wind conditions. Hurricanes are defined as tropical cyclones for which the maximum 1-minute sustained surface wind speeds exceed 74 mph. FCMP data include data for tropical cyclones with lower sustained speeds. However, for the winds analyzed in this study the speeds were sufficiently high to assure that neutral stratification prevailed. This assures that the characteristics of those winds are similar to those prevailing in hurricanes. For this reason in this study the terms tropical cyclones and hurricanes are used interchangeably.
13
Du, Jun 1962. „Short-range ensemble forecasting of an explosive cyclogenesis with a limited area model“. Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191197.
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Since the atmosphere is a chaotic system, small errors in the initial condition of any numerical weather prediction (NWP) model amplify as the forecast evolves. To estimate and possibly reduce the uncertainty of NWP associated with initial-condition uncertainty (ICU), ensemble forecasting has been proposed which is a method of, differently from the traditional deterministic forecasting, running several model forecasts starting from slightly different initial states. In this dissertation, the impact of ICU and short-range ensemble forecasting (SREF) on quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs), as well as on sea-level cyclone position and central pressure, is examined for a case of explosive cyclogenesis that occurred over the contiguous United States. A limited-area model (the PSU/NCAR MM4) is run at 80-km horizontal resolution and 15 layers to produce a 25-member, 36-h forecast ensemble. Lateral boundary conditions for the MM4 model are provided by ensemble forecasts from a global spectral model (the NCAR CCM1). The initial perturbations of the ensemble members possess a magnitude and spatial decomposition which closely match estimates of global analysis error, but they were not dynamically-conditioned. Results for 80-km ensemble forecast are compared to forecasts from the then operational Nested Grid Model (NGM), a single 40-km MM4 forecast, and a second 25-member MM4 ensemble based on a different cumulus parameterization and slightly different initial conditions. Acute sensitivity to ICU marks ensemble QPF and the forecasts of cyclone position and central pressure. Ensemble averaging always reduces the rms error for QPF. Nearly 90% of the improvement is obtainable using ensemble sizes as small as 8-10. However, ensemble averaging can adversely affect the forecasts related to precipitation areal coverage because of its smoothing nature. Probabilistic forecasts for five mutually exclusive, completely exhaustive categories are found to be skillful relative to a climatological forecast. Ensemble sizes of --, 10 can account for 90% of improvement in probability density function. Our results indicate that SREF techniques can now provide useful QPF guidance and increase the accuracy of precipitation, cyclone position, and cyclone's central pressure forecasts. With current analysis/forecast systems, the benefit from simple ensemble averaging is comparable to or exceed that obtainable from improvement in the analysis/forecast system.
14
Stinson-Bagby, Kelly Lucile. „Microstructural Evolution in Thermally Cycled Large-Area Lead and Lead-Free Solder Joints“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34573.
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Currently, there are two major driving forces for considering alternative materials to lead-
based products, specifically interconnections, in electronics applications, including the
impending legislation or regulations which may tax, restrict, or eliminate the use of lead
and the trend toward advanced interconnection technology, which may challenge the
limits of present soldering technology. The reliability of solder joints is a concern
because fracture failures in solder joints accounts for 70% of failures in electronic
components. Lead-free solders are being investigated as replacements for lead solders
currently used in electronics. Thermo-mechanical properties describe the stresses
accumulated due to thermal fatigue as a result of CTE mismatch within the system. By
understanding the failure mechanisms related to lead-free solders, the application of lead-
free solders could be more strategically designed for specific applications.
The objective of this thesis is to observe microstructural change in large-area solder joints
caused by thermal cycling and relate these changes to reliability issues in large-area lead
and lead-free solder constructed semiconductor power devices. This study focused on the
microstructural changes within the solder alloy of a large-area solder joint under thermal
cycling conditions. Two major primary observations were made from this research, they
are: 1) due to a combination of testing conditions and material properties, the lead-free
solders, Sn/3.5Ag and Sn/Ag/0.7Cu, sustained the most severe damage as compared to
Sn/37Pb, and 2) due to elevated stresses at the solder/substrate interface in a simulated
power semiconductor device sample damage was found to be most severe.Master of Science
15
Thompson, Samson Ray Riley. „Bicyclist Compliance at Signalized Intersections“. PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2222.
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This project examined cyclist red light running behavior using two data sets. Previous studies of cyclist compliance have investigated the tendencies of cyclists to run red lights on the whole by generalizing different maneuvers to their end outcome, running a red light. This project differentiates between the different types of red light running and focuses on the most egregious case, gap acceptance, which is when a cyclist runs a red light by accepting a gap in opposing traffic.
Using video data, a mathematical model of cyclist red light running was developed for gap acceptance. Similar to other studies, this analysis utilized only information about the cyclist, intersection, and scenario that can be outwardly observed. This analysis found that the number of cyclists already waiting at the signal, the presence of a vehicle in the adjacent lane, and female sex were deterrents to red light running. Conversely, certain types of signal phasing, witnessing a violation, and lack of helmet increased the odds that a cyclist would run the red light. Interestingly, while women in general are less likely to run a red light, those who witnessed a violation were even more prone that men who had witnessed a violation to follow suit and run the red light themselves. It is likely that the differing socialization of women and men leads to different effects of witnessing a previous violator. The analysis also confirmed that a small subset of cyclists, similar to that found in the general population, are more prone to traffic violations. These cyclists are more willing to engage in multiple biking-related risk factors that include not wearing a helmet and running red lights.
Although the model has definite explanatory power regarding decisions of cyclist compliance, much of the variance in the compliance choices of the sample is left unexplained. This points toward the influence of other, not outwardly observable variables on the decision to run a red light.
Analysis of survey data from cyclists further confirms that individual characteristics not visible to the observer interact with intersection, scenario, and visible cyclist characteristics to result in a decision to comply (or not) with a traffic signal. Furthermore, cyclist characteristics, in general, and unobservable individual characteristics, specifically, play a larger role in compliance decisions as the number of compliance-inducing intersection traits (e.g. conflicting traffic volume) decrease. One such unobservable trait is the regard for the law by some cyclists, which becomes a more important determinant of compliance at simpler intersections. Cyclists were also shown to choose non-compliance if they questioned the validity of the red indication for them, as cyclists.
The video and survey data have some comparable findings. For instance, the relationship of age to compliance was explored in both data analyses. Age was not found to be a significant predictor of non-compliance in the video data analysis while it was negatively correlated with stated non-compliance for two of the survey intersections. Gender, while having significant effects on non-compliance in the video dataset, did not emerge as an important factor in the stated non-compliance of survey takers. Helmet use had a consistent relationship with compliance between the video and survey datasets. Helmet use was positively associated with compliance in the video data and negatively associated with revealed non-compliance at two of the survey intersections. When coupled with the positive association between normlessness and stated willingness to run a red light, the relationship between helmet use and compliance solidifies the notion that a class of cyclists is more likely to consistently violate signals. It points towards a link between red light running and individuals who do not adhere to social norms and policies as strictly as others. Variables representing cyclists and motorists waiting at the signal were positively related to signal compliance in the video data. While an increased number of cyclists may be a physical deterrent to red light running, part of the influence on compliance that this variable and the variable representing the presence of a vehicle may be due to accountability of cyclists to other road users. This relationship, however, was not revealed in the stated non-compliance data from the survey.
Efforts to increase cyclist compliance may not be worth a jurisdiction's resources since nearly 90% of cyclists in the video data were already compliant. If a problem intersection does warrant intervention, different methods of ensuring bicyclist compliance are warranted depending on the intersection characteristics. An alternative solution is to consider the applicability of traffic laws (originally designed for cars) to bicyclists. Creating separation in how laws affect motorists and cyclists might be a better solution for overly simple types of intersections where cyclists have fewer conflicts, better visibility, etc. than motorists. Education or other messaging aimed at cyclists about compliance is another strategy to increase compliance. Since cyclists appear to feel more justified in running red lights at low-volume, simple-looking intersections, it would probably be prudent to target messaging at these types of intersections. Many cyclists are deterred by high-volume and/or complicated looking intersections for safety reasons. Reminding cyclists of the potential dangers at other intersections may be a successful messaging strategy. Alternatively, reminding cyclists that it is still illegal to run a red light even if they feel safe doing so may be prudent. Additionally, messaging about the purpose of infrastructure such as bicycle-specific signals or lights that indicate detection at a signal may convince cyclists that stopping at the signal is in their best interest and that the wait will be minimal and/or warranted.
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Lynch, Jonathan D. „Breaking the Organic Mold: Introducing Copper into the Influenza A Arena with Neutral and Divalent Complexes“. BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8677.
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Influenza A (IVA) continues to pose a growing global threat even as current medications are becoming less effective. One of the main avenues of research into new anti-IVA drugs is its homotetrameric Matrix 2 proton channel (M2A), without which the virus would be unable to release its viral RNA into the host cell. The drug amantadine used to bind and block M2A until near-ubiquitous resistance formed as an M2A-S31N mutation, starting around 1995 and proceeding to 2005 when amantadine was disallowed for use as an anti-IVA drug. The standard organic structure currently being used for M2A inhibitor research comprises an adamantyl foot group, a heterocyclic aryl body group, and a cyclic head group. A sample set of compounds with this standard structure was compared and reviewed, focusing on positive and negative moieties and modifications. Modifications on the foot group were all more or less detrimental, body groups with two heteroatoms were advantageous, and larger head groups appeared better. Four other scaffolds known to literature were proposed for further study due to beneficial aspects of each. Where most anti-M2A research deals exclusively with organic compounds, metals and their potential in drugs have been almost entirely ignored due to the increased toxicity they bring. Free copper was found in past research to be the only first-row transition metal to show significant M2A-inhibitory activity, proposed to do so by binding the H37 cluster that acts as a pH-dependent control switch for the channel. Six overall-neutral copper complexes were synthesized as a combination of amantadine, cyclooctylamine, and null scaffolds with two of either acetate or acetamide arms as chelators. The complexes were found to block both M2A-WT and M2A-S31N. Along with CuCl¬¬2, though, they had little to no effect on M2A-H37A, providing confirming evidence that the copper binds at the H37 tetrad. Only one complex, Cu(cyclooctylamineiminodiacetate), outperformed CuCl2 in channel block studies and efficacy against two IVA strains, but all of the complexes were found to have lower cytotoxicity. Because M2-H37 is highly conserved, these complexes show promise for further testing against all strains of influenza A. Five net-divalent copper complexes were then synthesized with multiple aza or amine groups as chelators. The complexes failed to show any significant activity against M2A, however, which was thought to be due to size or polarity rejection or electromagnetic repulsion. One of the ligands, though, an adamantyl derivative of a tetraaza macrocycle, was a novel compound, and its copper complex, along with two others, were unknown to the CCDC database. The three complexes were characterized by X-ray diffraction and discussed.
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Flórez, Gálvez Jorge Hernán. „Efeito da adição de fibras no comportamento de uma areia sob carregamentos cíclicos“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/179447.
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O avanço das técnicas de melhoramento de solos vem permitindo o aproveitamento de locais nos quais, até pouco tempo atrás, era considerada a construção de muitas estruturas como inviáveis, seja técnica, financeira ou ambientalmente. Uma das técnicas que tem conseguido demostrar bons resultados é o reforço com fibras de diferentes origens, com ou sem presença de algum agente cimentante. A maioria dos estudos conduzidos sobre este tipo de materiais se têm centrado na caracterização dos materiais sob cargas estáticas, e outros estudos se limitam a avaliar o comportamento sob cargas cíclicas destes materiais para densidades relativas baixas, nas quais o fenômeno de liquefação governa o mecanismo de ruptura. O presente estudo tenta aprofundar no conhecimento sobre materiais compactos quando submetidos a carregamentos cíclicos, de maneira a fornecer insumos para o estudo deste campo. O estudo, de caráter experimental, foi feito através da caracterização de corpos de prova de areia e areia com 0,5% de fibras, além da consideração de dois índices de vazios: o primeiro de 0,63 (correspondente a uma densidade relativa de 90%), e o segundo com um índice de vazios igual a 0,75 (correspondente a uma densidade relativa de 50%) Foram executados 29 ensaios triaxiais, além da adoção dos valores de outros 15 feitos por outro autor, totalizando 44 ensaios. A totalidade dos ensaios divide-se assim: 12 ensaios monotônicos CID, 12 ensaios monotônicos CIU, e 20 ensaios cíclicos CIU sob tensão controlada. Nos ensaios monotônicos obtiveram-se incrementos no ângulo de atrito do material composto, sendo mais evidente para as amostras compactas. Em relação aos ensaios cíclicos, obteve-se incrementos nas resistência do material até atingir sua condição de ruptura, seja por liquefação em amostras pouco compactas (Dr= 50%), ou por mobilidade cíclica no caso de amostras compactas (Dr= 90%). A normalização dos resultados permitiu observar que, embora as fibras melhorem o desempenho das misturas quando submetidas a carregamentos cíclicos, não alteraram a estrutura do material em sua resposta em termos de módulo de elasticidade, pelo menos no que respeita a níveis de deformações medianos a grandes. Para pequenas deformações, evidenciou-se uma diminuição na rigidez das amostras, ocasionando assim maiores acréscimos de poropressão nos estágios iniciais dos ensaios, mais nas em areias com fibras do que sem elas.The development of ground improvement techniques has allowed the use of certain places, which was in the past considered as non-viable for the construction of many types of structures. Fiber reinforced soils have shown good results, with or without presence of any cementitious agent. The focus of most studies performed on this type of materials, is the characterization under static loading, and other studies are limited to evaluating its behavior on cyclic loading at low level of relative density, in which cases the liquefaction phenomenon governs the mechanism of rupture. This study aims to improve the knowledge of cyclic loading effects in dense materials. Was carried out an experimental program by characterizing specimens of sand with 0% and 0.5% of randomly distributed fiber, considering two void ratios: 0.63 (dense sand, Dr = 90%) and 0.75 (moderately loose sand, Dr = 50%). In total, were performed 29 triaxial tests, in addition of another 15 executed by another author, totaling 44 The test were divided as follows: 12 monotonic CIU test, 12 monotonic CID test, and 20 CIU loading controlled cyclic test. In monotonic conditions, fibers addition increases the friction angle, mostly on dense samples (Dr = 90%) than on loose specimens (Dr = 50%). For cyclic tests, in both materials, fiber additions causes improvement on cyclic behavior, but with different failure mechanism, liquefaction for loose, and cyclic mobility for dense sands, regardless of the presence of fibers. The transformation of the number of cycles axis, or normalization of another cyclic results allowed observing that, despite the fiber addition can cause improvement of materials subjected to cyclic loading, the structure of the material did not change in elasticity modulus response, at least for medium to large strains levels. For small strains, occur a decrease in the stiffness of samples, causing greater increases of pore pressure in the initial stages of tests, more in reinforced sand than for none reinforced condition.
El avance de las técnicas para mejoramiento de suelos ha permitido el aprovechamiento de sitios en los cuales, hasta hace poco tiempo, se consideraba como no viable la construcción de muchas estructuras, sea por cuestiones técnicas, financieras o ambientales. Una técnica que ha demostrado buenos resultados es la incorporación de refuerzos con fibras de diferente origen, considerando o no la presencia de algún agente cementante. La mayoría de los estudios realizados a este tipo de materiales se han centrado en la caracterización bajo la acción de cargas estáticas, e otros se han limitado a evaluar el comportamiento bajo la acción de cargas cíclicas considerando únicamente densidades relativas bajas, para las cuales la ruptura está controlada por el fenómeno de licuación. El presente estudio busca ahondar en el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento bajo acción de cargas cíclicas de materiales compactos, buscando con ello ampliar la base experimental sobre este campo. El estudio, de carácter experimental, fue realizado a partir de la caracterización de especímenes de arena sin fibras y con 0,5% de fibras, además de la consideración de dos relaciones de vacíos: 0.63 (correspondiente a una densidad relativa de 90%), y 0,75 (correspondiente a una densidad relativa de 50%) Fueron realizados 29 ensayos triaxiales, además de haber adoptado los resultados de otros 15 realizados por otro autor, totalizando 44 ensayos. Los ensayos fueron divididos así: 12 ensayos monotónicos CID, 12 ensayos monotónicos CIU, y 20 ensayos triaxiales cíclicos CID con control de esfuerzos. En los ensayos monotónicos fueron obtenidos incrementos en el ángulo de fricción del material compuesto, siendo esta situación más evidente en muestras compactas. Con relación a los ensayos cíclicos, se obtuvo incremento en la resistencia de las muestras hasta alcanzar su condición de ruptura, bien sea por licuación (materiales relativamente sueltos, Dr = 50%), o por movilidad cíclica (materiales compactos, Dr = 90%). La normalización de los resultados permitió observar que, aunque las fibras mejoran el desempeño bajo cargas cíclicas de los materiales, no alteraron la estructura del material en términos de módulo de elasticidad, por lo menos para niveles medios y altos de deformación. Para pequeñas deformaciones, se evidenció una disminución en la rigidez de las muestras, lo que produjo mayores incrementos en las presiones de poros durante las fases iniciales de los ensayos, con mayor visibilidad en las arenas con fibras que cuando no hubo adición.
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Blau, Michael Armstrong. „Driverless Vehicles’ Potential Influence on Cyclist and Pedestrian Facility Preferences“. The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429823345.
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Sami, Abdul Wahab. „Area Efficient ADC for Low Frequency Application“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Elektroniska Kretsar och System, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-117413.
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Analog to digital converters (ADCs) are the fundamental building blocks in communication systems. The need to design ADCs, which are area and/or power efficient, has been common. Various ADC architectures, constrained by resolution capabilities, can be used for this purpose. The cyclic algorithmic architecture of ADC with moderate number of bits comes out to be probably best choice for the minimum area implementation. In this thesis a cyclic ADC is designed using CMOS 65 nm technology. The ADC high-level model is thoroughly explored and its functional blocks are modelled to attain the best possible performance. In particular, the nonlinearities which affect the cyclic/algorithmic converter are discussed. This ADC has been designed for built-in-self-testing (BiST) on a chip. It is only functional during the testing phase, so power dissipation is not a constraint while designing it. As it is supposed to be integrated as an extra circuitry on a chip, its area really matters. The ADC is designed as 10-bit fully differential switch-capacitor (SC) circuit using 65nm CMOS process with 1.2V power supply. A two stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is used in this design to provide sufficient voltage gain. The first stage is a telescopic OTA whereas the second is a common source amplifier. The bottom plate sampling is used to minimize the charge injection effect which is present in the switches.
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Debort, Sophie. „Designing effective protected area networks - integration of the tropical cyclone disturbance regime in the Great Barrier Reef Representative Area Program a GIS application /“. Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070307.155338/index.html.
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Byrnes, John J. „Cyclic amp mechanisms in the ventral tegmental area : mediation of the behavioral effects of amphetamine /“. The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935573772511.
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Natarajan, Nallusamy. „Ligands build on macrocyclic platforms : can the macro cyclic unit influence the catalytic properties ?“ Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF052.
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Cette thèse présente la synthèse de ligands originaux construits sur des plateformes coniques de type résorcin[4]arène ou calix[4]arène étant susceptibles de positionner un métal à proximité d'une unité réceptrice: a) des bis-binaphtylphosphites optiquement actifs dont les centres phosphorés ont été greffés sur le bord supérieur de cavités génériques. Ces coordinats ont été testés en hydroformylation asymétrique d’arènes vinyliques et ont conduit à une sélectivité iso très élevée avec de bons, voire très bons excès énantiomériques; b) des carbènes N- hétérocycliques ayant soit un, soit les deux atomes d'azote substitués par des unités résorcinarényle (variante cavitand) et leur utilisation pour la formation d'espèces comportant un centre métallique supramoléculairement piégé dans la partie cavitaire (complexes du type [NiXCpL] (X = Br ou Cl, Cp = cyclopentadiényle, LH = NHC). Ces complexes se sont avérés efficaces en dimérisation de l'éthylène; c) des carbènes N-hétérocyliques anormaux obtenus à partir de sels de triazolium comportant un ou deux substituants résorcinarène. Ces composés à fort encombrement ont été efficacement employés en couplage croisé de Suzuki-Miyaura entre des chlorures d'aryles volumineux et des acides arylboroniques stériquement encombrés. Les activités les plus importantes ont été obtenues avec le sel de triazolium stériquement le moins encombré, celui portant un seul substituant résorcinarène. Sa plus grande efficacité est due à une approche plus facile des substrats dans les intermédiaires catalytiques correspondants ainsi que de la présence de groupes pentyles flexibles pouvant interagir stériquement avec le centre métallique de manière à faciliter l'étape d'élimination réductriceThis thesis describes the synthesis of a series of compounds built on conical resorcin[4]arene and calix[4]arene platforms: a) diphosphites derived from optically active binol, in which the phosphite moieties have been grafted to the wider rim of the generic cones. These ligands were assessed in asymmetric hydroformylation of vinyl arenes and led to high iso selectivity with good to excellent enantiomeric excess; b) N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing either one or two cavitand moieties and their use for the synthesis of [NiXCpL] complexes (X = Br or Cl, Cp = cyclopentadienyl, LH = NHC) in which the NiCp moiety has been supramolecularly trapped in a resorcinarene bowl. These complexes were found active in ethylene dimerization; c) bulky triazolium salts with one or two resorcinarene substituents that were found suitable for the synthesis of complexes with abnormal NHCs. The latter were tested in palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of bulky aryl chlorides with sterically hindered aryl boronic acids. Better activities were observed with the sterically less hindered triazolium salt, which bears a single resorcinarene substituent. Its higher efficiency arises from a higher substrate accessibility in the resulting catalytic intermediates as well as the presence of flexible pentyl groups that may interact with the metal centre so as to facilitate the reductive elimination step
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Hammond, Jules L. „Micro- and nanogap based biosensors“. Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715307.
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Biosensors are used for the detection of a range of analytes for applications in healthcare, food production, environmental monitoring and biodefence. However, many biosensing platforms are large, expensive, require skilled operators or necessitate the analyte to be labelled. Direct electrochemical detection methods present a particularly attractive platform due to the simplified instrumentation when compared to other techniques such as fluorescence-based biosensors. With modern integrated circuit capabilities electrochemical biosensors offer greater suitability for monolithic integration with any necessary signal processing circuitry. This thesis explores micro- and nanogap devices for both redox cycling and dielectric spectroscopy sensing mechanisms. By using two electrodes with interelectrode separation down to distances in the micro- and nanometre scale, several benefits can be realised. Firstly the close proximity of the two electrodes significantly reduces the interdiffusion time. This allows an electroactive species to be rapidly shuttled across the gap and switched between reduced and oxidised states. The result is feedback amplification of the amperometric response, increasing the signal. The second benefit is that the screening effect caused by electric double layers at the electrode–electrolyte interface is reduced due to the electric double layers occupying a larger fraction of the sensing volume. This significantly improves the sensor suitability for dielectric spectroscopy by increasing the potential drop across the biolayer. These two sensing mechanisms are demonstrated using a large area dual-plate microgap device for the detection of two different analytes. Utilising the first mode, detection of cysteine–cystine, an important redox couple involved in the signalling mechanism for the regulation of protein function, interaction and localisation is shown. The microgap device is then used for dielectric spectroscopy sensing of a mannose-specific uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain whilst also demonstrating the effect of ionic concentration on the capacitive response. The response of these devices is highly dependent on the interelectrode separation as well as the surface area of the electrodes. However, fabrication of large-area nanogap devices presents a significant challenge. This meant that careful optimisation and the development of novel techniques was necessary. This work reports the design, fabrication and characterisation of both a vertical and a horizontal coplanar large area nanogap device. The vertical nanogap device is fabricated using an inductively-coupled plasma reactive ion etching process to create a channel in a silicon substrate. A lower electrode is then optically patterned in the channel before anodically bonding a second identical electrode patterned on glass directly above. The horizontal nanogap device uses a different approach, utilising a state-of-the-art electron-beam lithography system to create a long serpentine nanogap with passivation to reduce fringing effects. The design allows the electron-beam lithography step to be substituted with nanoimprint lithography to reduce cost and improve throughput. Both of these devices have integrated microfluidic channels and provide a capacity for relatively high-throughput production.
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Buller, Ty Bradford. „Aspects of Cyclic Sedimentation in the Upper Mississippian, Mauch Chunk Group, southern West Virginia and southwest Virginia“. Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48123.
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Late Mississippian, Mauch Chunk Group strata constitute a westward-thinning clastic wedge of strata up to 1000m thick that developed in the Central Appalachian Basin over a ~ 7 million year time interval. Included within the Mauch Chunk Group are multiple incised-valley fills and a distinctive prodeltaic succession of laminated sandstones and mudstones.
Calculated estimates of drainage basin areas for incised-valley fills in the Mauch Chunk Group range from > 1,000,000 km2 for the Stony Gap Sandstone to < 100,000 km2 for the Princeton Formation. Drainage area estimates are consistent with detrital zircon geochronology and petrographic data and suggest that the Stony Gap and Ravencliff incised-valley fills were derived from distal, northern and northwestern cratonic sources that dispersed sediment into NE-SW-oriented, longitudinal incised-valley drainages and that the Princeton Formation was derived from proximal tectonic highland sources along the eastern margin of the Appalachian Basin which dispersed sediment into a transverse incised-valley.
The Pride Shale overlies the Princeton incised valley fill and records a hierarchy of tidal periodicities is preserved in the Pride Shale. Microlaminated, semi-diurnal sandstone-siltstone/shale couplets record the dominant ebb tide of the day. Up to 17 semi-diurnal couplets are stacked into neap-spring (fortnightly) tidal cycles. Neap-spring cycles are arranged in thickening and thinning that record seasonal cycles driven by the annual monsoon. Total organic carbon (TOC) values are a proxy for annual climatic cycles. TOC contents are higher within intermonsoonal and lower within monsoonal components of annual cycles reflecting, respectively, lesser and greater dilution by terrestrial flux.Master of Science
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Belanger, Kevin M. 1985. „An analysis of walking and bicycling behavior in suburban multifamily housing: A case study in Eugene, Oregon“. Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11062.
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xi, 63 p. : ill. (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Walking, bicycling, and other modes of active transportation can be utilitarian modes of personal transport, but barriers exist that limit the ability of groups of people to use these modes. This research looks at the walking and bicycling behaviors and attitudes of residents of suburban multifamily housing, a housing type identified in previous literature as needing research. Particularly, the roles of pedestrian route distance and directness as well as physical route characteristics are explored in their effects on walking and bicycling behavior. Results show that both the pedestrian network distance and major arterials are significantly correlated with a person's mode choice. Recommendations include increasing density around suburban commercial centers and encouraging pedestrian and bicycle connections between developments to limit arterial interaction.
Committee in Charge: Nico Larco, Chair; Dr. Marc Schlossberg; Dr. Kathryn A. Lynch
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Masaříková, Petra. „Zklidnění ulic Střední a Dolní Novosadská (silnice II/435) v Olomouci s ohledem na bezpečnost cyklistické a pěší dopravy“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226621.
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Diploma thesis describes the design of calming the streets of Middle and Lower Novosadská in Olomouc with regard to the safety of bicycle and pedestrian traffic. The proposal includes modification of existing crossroads, pavement and bus stops. In the thesis are dealt with the proposal of a new road for cycling. At the crossroads of groomed intensity was measured and calculated as current transport capacity of thecrossroads. In the Interest section is elaborated analysis of the accident.
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Goodrich-Stuart, Ellen. „Forest Net Primary Production Resistance Across a Gradient of Moderate Disturbance“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/627.
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The global carbon (C) balance is vulnerable to disturbances that alter terrestrial C uptake and loss. Moderate disturbances that kill or defoliate only a subset of canopy trees such as insect defoliation, drought, and age-related senescence are increasing in extent and frequency; yet, little is known about the effect of moderate disturbance on forest production and the mechanisms sustaining or supporting the recovery of the C cycle across a range of moderate disturbance severities. We used a broad plot-scale gradient of upper canopy tree mortality within a large manipulation of forest disturbance to: 1) quantify how aboveground wood net primary production (ANPPw) responds to a range of moderate disturbance severities and; 2) identify the primary mechanisms supporting ANPPw resistance or resilience following moderate disturbance. We found that ANPPw was highly resistant to moderate disturbance, with production levels sustained following the senescence of 9 to > 60 % of the upper canopy tree basal area. As upper canopy gap fraction increased with rising disturbance severity, greater light availability to the subcanopy enhanced leaf-level C uptake and the growth of this formerly light-limited canopy stratum, compensating for upper canopy production losses. As a result, whole-ecosystem production efficiency (ANPPw/LAI) increased at high levels of disturbance severity and leaf area loss. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation for sustained ANPPw across the disturbance gradient, in which the physiological and growth enhancement of undisturbed vegetation was proportional to the level of disturbance severity. Our results have important ecological and management implications, showing that moderate disturbances may minimally alter ecosystem functions such as C storage.
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Horčičková, Anastázie. „Favorit Brno / cyklistický stadion - bikrosová dráha / - architektonická studie - design“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399931.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is the architectural design of the stadium for track cycling. It deals with a covered hall, which is located in the area of Komárov on the territory of the sports resort Hněvkovského. The urban design ofthe territory is elaborated simultaneously with the study of the hall. The resort offers a wide range of sport fields for recreational as well as top athletes, and the new velodrome hall should dominate the entire area. The buildingprovides background for the important cycling club TJ Favorit Brno. It also responds to the current requirements of track cycling and thus enables the organization of international races.
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Souza, Leticia Lopes de. „Uso da voltametria cíclica e da espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica na determinação da área superficial ativa de eletrodos modificados à base de carbono“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-21112011-095420/.
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Eletrodos à base de carbono, como os eletrodos de troca iônica, entre outros, têm aplicação principalmente no tratamento de efluentes industriais e rejeitos radioativos. Carbono é também amplamente utilizado em células a combustível como substrato para os eletrocatalisadores, por possuir elevada área superficial, que supera a sua área geométrica. O conhecimento desta superfície ativa total é importante na determinação das condições de operação de uma célula eletroquímica no que diz respeito às correntes a serem aplicadas (densidade de corrente). No presente estudo foram utilizadas duas técnicas eletroquímicas na determinação da área superficial ativa de eletrodos de carbono vítreo e poroso e eletrodos de troca iônica: espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) e voltametria cíclica (VC). Os experimentos foram realizados com soluções de KNO3 0,1 mol.L-1 em célula eletroquímica de três eletrodos: eletrodo de trabalho à base de carbono, eletrodo auxiliar de platina e eletrodo de referência de Ag/AgCl. Os eletrodos de carbono vítreo e de carbono poroso utilizado possuíam uma área geométrica de 3,14 x 10-2 cm2 e 2,83 10-1 cm2, respectivamente. O eletrodo de troca iônica foi preparado misturando-se grafite, carbono, resina de troca iônica e um aglutinante, sendo esta mistura aplicada em três camadas sobre feltro de carbono, utilizando-se nos experimentos uma área geométrica de 1,0 cm2. Por EIE determinou-se diretamente a capacitância dos materiais dos eletrodos (Cd) utilizando-se os diagramas de Bode. O valor de 172 μF.cm-2 encontrado para o carbono vítreo está de acordo com a literatura (~200 μF.cm-2). Por VC, variando a velocidade de varredura de 0,2 a 2,0 mV.s-1, determinou-se a capacitância CdS (S=área superficial ativa) na região da dupla camada elétrica (DCE) para cada um dos materiais, Por EIE, foram determinados os valores de Cd de 3,0 x 10-5 μF.cm-2 e de 11,0 x 103 μF.cm-2 para os eletrodos de carbono poroso e de troca iônica, respectivamente, o que possibilitou a determinação das áreas superficiais ativas de 3,73 x 106 cm2 e 4,72 cm2. Portanto, o uso combinado das técnicas de EIE e VC mostra-se promissor para o cálculo das áreas superficiais ativas de eletrodos à base de carbono.Carbon-based electrodes as well the ion exchange electrodes among others have been applied mainly in the treatment of industrial effluents and radioactive wastes. Carbon is also used in fuel cells as substrate for the electrocatalysts, having high surface area which surpasses its geometric area. The knowledge of the total active area is important for the determination of operating conditions of an electrochemical cell with respect to the currents to be applied (current density). In this study it was used two techniques to determine the electrochemical active surface area of glassy carbon, electrodes and ion exchange electrodes: cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experiments were carried out with KNO3 0.1 mol.L-1 solutions in a three-electrode electrochemical cell: carbon-based working electrode, platinum auxiliary electrode and Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The glassy carbon and porous carbon electrodes with geometric areas of 3.14 x 10-2 and 2.83 10-1 cm2, respectively, were used. The ion exchange electrode was prepared by mixing graphite, carbon, ion exchange resin and a binder, and this mixture was applied in three layers on carbon felt, using a geometric area of 1.0 cm2 during the experiments. The capacitance (Cd) of the materials was determined by EIS using Bode diagrams. The value of 172 μF.cm-2 found for the glassy carbon is consistent with the literature data (~200 μF.cm-2). By VC, varying the scan rate from 0.2 to 2.0 mV.s-1, the capacitance CdS (S = active surface area) in the region of the electric double layer (EDL) of each material was determined. By EIS, the values of Cd, 3.0 x 10-5 μF.cm-2 and 11 x 103 μF.cm-2, were found for the porous carbon and ion exchange electrodes, respectively, which allowed the determination of active surface areas as 3.73 x 106 cm2 and 4.72 cm2. To sum up, the combined use of EIS and CV techniques is a valuable tool for the calculation of active surface areas of carbon-based electrodes.
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Dupuit, Elodie. „Quand le périurbain est militant : l'engagement associatif local en faveur de l'environnement“. Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2021.
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A distance des critiques les plus fréquemment dirigées contre les habitants du périurbain, cette thèse analyse les différentes facettes de l’engagement local de certaines fractions des classes moyennes et la manière dont le périurbain peut être un terrain d’expérimentation politique. Dans les années 1970 et 1980, les « nouvelles classes moyennes » de l’époque ont cherché à conquérir les mairies périurbaines afin de rendre leurs territoires de vie plus conformes à leurs usages. Cette thèse s’est proposée de retrouver des mobilisations qui présentent des similitudes avec la « vague rose » qui a touché les territoires périurbains dans les années 1970 et 1980. Près de quarante ans plus tard, dans quelle mesure les habitants du périurbain souhaitent-ils acquérir une certaine maîtrise de leur environnement résidentiel et comment tentent-ils d’y parvenir ? Cette thèse s’appuie sur une enquête de terrain, en partie en immersion, au sein de deux associations de défense de l’environnement. Situées dans le périurbain nord-isérois, elles visent, entre autres, le développement du vélo comme mode de transport quotidien. L’enquête explore les logiques d’action des militants rencontrés, les valeurs qui sous-tendent leur engagement local, les formes prises par cet engagement ainsi que les modalités de l’ajustement de certains militants à la nouvelle scène politique locale qu’est l’intercommunalitéThis thesis analyses the different aspects of the middle classes local engagement and the way in which periurban areas can be spaces of political experimentation. In the 1970s and 1980s, the middle classes sought to gain power and take over periurban municipalities in order to make the areas where they lived more in keeping with their lifestyle. This thesis explores mobilisations presenting similarities to the ones associated with the socialist party landslide victories in periurban areas in the 1970s and 1980s. Almost forty years later, to what extent do the inhabitants of periurban areas wish to hold some control over their residential environment and how do they go about acquiring this control ? This thesis is based on a field investigation within two environmental organizations. Both located in Lyon’s periurban area, they aim to develop cycling as a daily transport mode. This thesis explores the activists’ rationale for action, the values underlying their local commitment, the forms taken by this commitment and the modalities of adjustment to the new political scene of intercommunality
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Restrepo, Ana Catalina. „Analysis of storm surge impacts on transportation systems in the Georgia coastal area“. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42897.
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Many Climate Scientists believe that global warming will produce more extreme weather events such as tropical storms, hurricanes, intense rainfall, and flooding. These events are considered to be the most catastrophic natural events for transportation systems especially in coastal areas. Due to the severe damage from storm surge and flooding. Evaluating the magnitude of possible storm surges and their impacts on transportation systems in coastal areas is fundamental to developing adaptation plans and impact assessments to mitigate the damage.
This thesis focuses on existing transportation systems in the Georgia coastal area that could be affected by several storm surges. An existing storm surge model is used to estimate the storm surges and the surge heights based on the category, direction, and forward speed of a storm. The ground elevation of the ports, interstates, state roads, railroads, and the principal airports on the Georgia coast are identified through a GIS analysis using the national elevation data set. Having the storm surge elevation and the elevation of the existing infrastructure, a GIS study is performed to identify those parts of the transportation system that will be affected by each type of storm giving results such as the length or sections of transportation assets under or above the surge elevation. A literature review of storm surge, rising sea levels, and their impacts on coastal bridges, roads, airports, ports, and railroads is presented in the thesis. Also, a description of the software used to analyze and estimate the impacts of climate change on transportation systems is described.
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Jewula, Pawel. „Synthèse et étude de ligands hydroxamates cycliques dérivés des sidérophores naturels pour la complexation sélective des actinides“. Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOS038.
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Pas de résumé en françaisThe goal of this research was the synthesis and spectroscopic, structural andphysical-chemical characterization of cyclic 6- and 7-membered hydroxamicacids, a tetrahydroxamic calix[4]arene-based tetrapodal receptor, and their metalcomplexes with trivalent and tetravalent metal cations. They were characterizedby several techniques such as 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectroscopies,single crystal X-ray analysis, and potentiometry. Cyclic hydroxamic acids arefound in a few mix siderophores but their coordination properties were stillunknown. The structural features of metal complexes formed with Fe(III),Ga(III), Ce(IV), Zr(IV), Hf(IV), U(IV) and U(VI) have been investigated both inthe solid state and in solution. The synthesis and complexation studies of anoriginal calix[4]arene-based tetrapodal receptor is described. Reactionparameters for all key steps in the synthetic route have been optimized. Thesingle X-ray crystal analysis of benzyl-protected receptor was obtained.Complexation studies with zirconium(IV) and hafnium(IV) evidenced theformation of two metal two ligand complexes rather than 1:1 species, whichwere shown to interact in solution with a third alkali cation
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Kuklínková, Klára. „Sportovně - rekreační centrum Vsetín, Ohrada“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399980.
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Diploma thesis of was preceded by a specialized studio focused on the development of urban-architectural design in the area of "Vsetín - Ohrada". The newly created objects have the a task of transform the whole territory, which nowadays deteriorate. The solved area is separated by the highest industrial zone from the edge of the city and after the connection to the urban area. The whole sports complex is conceived as an independent urban complex, mainly linked to the surrounding nature. These are cycle paths that are designed for the entire area. The center is designed for the needs of the population of Vsetín and its catchment areas. Sports, recreational options for all ages. The grassy wall divides the river from the city and reflects the calm zone by the river, and at the same time divides large flat areas. In addition to sports, the area offers wellness, gastro and meeting places. The advantage of this place is cycling trail parallel to the beautiful nature. Moreover, the grassy wall is used to hide service roads and parking spaces. This ensures excellent transport accessibility and supply, but does not interfere with the sports complex. Wall created from excavations of single buildings and demolition works of the original stadium will achieve a safe transition from one sports ground to another, creating a natural observation post and incorporating buildings and sports facilities to become part of the wall and form a single unit. By embedding buildings in the wall, the buildings visually diminish. The embedded sports ground is bounded on two sides by a rampart and the third by a staircase. It can be used as a grandstand, or to enter the ridge of the dike. This minimizes the need for unsightly fencing on each pitch. With the new concept we will meet the requirements of visitors in the given locality and, above all, the attractiveness of the whole area will be increased.
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Krejčová, Zdenka. „Architektonická studie cyklistického stadionu /dráhy/ Favorit Brno /na volné ploše v Brně Komárově/“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-391859.
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Architectural study of the cycling studium/ runway / Favorit Brno / on the open space in. The urban problem of the present area is the poor technical condition of the buildings, the inadequate function of the buildings. The aim of the proposal is to create a significant area of both professional and recreational sport. The main part of the work is devoted to the design of a new cycling stadium owned by TJ Favorit Brno. The hall should have sufficient capacity and facilities to hold international sporting events in cycling and athletics. At the same time it should be useful for smaller races and other events. Another requirement is that the stadium can provide enough facilities for the TJ Favorit Brno cycling club. The home base is currently a cycling stadium at the Brno Exhibition Grounds. This stadium is currently inadequate, serving only as a training course. It does not meet the conditions of the International Federation of UCI. The design of the variable space of the hall deserves a further attention at least, beacuse it will serve athletics or other sporting events. The cycling stadium is located in the northern part of the grounds. It places emphasis on the scattered surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the stadium, easy orientation and layout of entries from all sides of the object, separation of athletes from spectators. The main expression element of the exterior is a glazed facade wall, with a perforated sheet metal. Providing night lighting and putting visitors into action. The attractiveness of the whole area is enhanced by the newly designed park. A café and relaxation areas are also proposed. The total area will be separated from traffic. Two parking spaces with sufficient capacity for the whole area will be created at its edge. Transport within the premises will only be accessible for service and operation.
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Kortsdottir, Katrin. „The Impact of Hydrocarbon and Carbon Oxide Impuritiesin the Hydrogen Feed of a PEM Fuel Cell“. Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad elektrokemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-193694.
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The proton exchange membrane fuel cell generates electricity from hydrogen and oxygen (from air) through electrocatalytic reactions in an electrochemical cell. The Pt/C catalyst, commonly used in PEM fuel cells, is very sensitive to impurities that can interact with the active catalyst sites and limit fuel cell performance. Unfortunately, most hydrogen is currently produced from fossil sources, and inevitably contains impurities. The subject of this thesis is the effect of hydrogen impurities on the operation of a PEM fuel cell using a Pt/C anode. The impurities studied are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and selected hydrocarbons. Particular focus is given to the interaction between the impurities studied and the anode catalyst. The main method used in the study involved performing cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry, simultaneously. Other electrochemical techniques are also employed. The results show that all the impurities studied adsorb to some extent on the Pt/C catalyst surface, and require potentials comparable to that of CO oxidation, i.e., about 0.6V, or higher to be removed by oxidation to CO2. For complete oxidation of propene, and toluene, potentials of above 0.8, and 1.0V, respectively, are required. The unsaturated hydrocarbons can be desorbed to some extent by reduction, but oxidation is required for complete removal. Adsorption of ethene, propene, and CO2 is dependent on the presence of adsorbed or gaseous hydrogen. Hydrogen inhibits ethene and propene adsorption, but facilitates CO2 adsorption. Adsorption of methane and propane is very limited and high concentrations of methane cause dilution effects only. The adlayer formed on the Pt/C anode catalyst in the presence of CO2, or moderate amounts of hydrocarbons, is found to be insffuciently complete to notably interfere with the hydrogen oxidation reaction. Higher concentrations of toluene do, however, limit the reaction.Polymerelektrolytbränslecellen genererar elektricitet fran vätgas och syrgas (fran luft) genom elektrokatalytiska reaktioner i en elektrokemisk cell. Den platina-baserade katalysator som oftast används i dessa bränsleceller är känslig mot föroreningar, då dessa kan interagera med katalysatorns aktiva yta, och därmed begränsna bränslecellens prestanda. Tyvärr produceras dagens vätgas huvudsakligen fran fossila källor och innehåller därför oundvikligen föroreningar. Denna avhandling behandlar hur olika vätgasföroreningar påverkar katalysatorns aktivitet och bränslecellens drift. De föroreningar som studeras är kolmonoxid (CO) och koldioxid (CO2), samt ett antal mindre kolväten. Störst fokus ligger på hur dessa föroreningar interagerar med anodens Pt/C katalysator. Den metod som huvudsakligen används är cyklisk voltammetri kombinerat med masspektrometri, men flera elektrokemiska metoder har använts. Resultaten visar att alla undersökta föroreningar adsorberar på Pt/C katalysatorns yta i större eller mindre utstreckning. For att avlägsna det adsoberade skiktet genom oxidation till CO2 krävs potentialer jämförbara med CO oxidation, dvs ca 0,6V, eller högre. Fullständig oxidation av propen eller toluen kräver potentialer högre än 0,8V respektive 1,0V. De omättade kolvätena kan delvis avlägsnas genom reduktion, men fullständig avlägsning kräver oxidation. Närvaron av väte, i gasform eller adsorberat pa katalysatorn, hämmar adsorptionen av eten och propen, men främjar CO2 adsorption. Metan och propan adsorberar i mycket begränsad utstreckning på Pt/C katalysatorns yta. De prestandaförluster som uppstår av höga koncentrationer av metan förklaras av utspädning av vätgasen. Det adsorberade skiktet som bildas när Pt/C katalysatorn exponeras för CO2 eller måttliga koncentrationer av studerade kolväten, är inte tillräckligt heltäckande for att märkbart påverka vätgasreduktionen. Däremot kan höga koncentrationer av toluen begränsa reaktionen.
QC 20161010
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Mozolová, Monika. „Sportovně rekreační centrum Vsetín, Ohrada“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443694.
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The diploma thesis was preceded by a specialized atelier focusing on the urban – architectural design of the area of „Vsetín – Ohrada“. During this project, I was mainly focusing on the analysis of the area and the basic design. The project focuses on the area in the southern part of Vsetín. Its borders are formed by Vsetínská Bečva from the northwest side, the 1st class expressway from the northeast side and the waterworks building from the south. The main goal of the project is to attract more visitors to the quiet nature oriented area, who will be provided with a large number of outdoor and indoor activities that can be done in the area. The area is separated by a bridge and an industrial zone from the outskirts of the city and thus lacks a connection to urban development. The project is therefore designed as a separate urban unit, reflecting the natural aspects of the whole area. The advantage of the place is the previously mentioned river Bečva flowing directly through the area and a bike path lining the right bank of this river. Buildings with added soil to create slopes with hangout areas form, among other things, a noise and aesthetic barrier from the city, turning attention to the river and nature. The grass-covered slopes will be made of soil obtained from the current slopes of soil under the auditorium around the spartakiad stadium as well as the excavation work of the newly designed buildings. These slopes also visually unify the buildings, contribute to the organic and natural appearance of the entire design, create hangout areas for spectators and add back the grass areas that were taken away because of the construction of the buildings.
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Gebhardt, Tomáš. „Favorit Brno / cyklistický stadion - bikrosová dráha / - architektonická studie - design“. Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-399900.
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The thesis was preceded by a specialized atelierwork "architectural study of BMX track of the Favorit Brno. Further elaboration of the architectural and urban study of the sports complex in Komárov with the presumption of the dominant of the cycling hall. Evaluation of existing buildings and newly designed sports facilities. The diploma thesis deals with the development of a new concept of the area, where it will have its place for both professional and recreational sports. The aim of the proposal is to create a significant area both professional and recreational sport. The main part of the work is devoted to the design of o new cycling stadium owned but TJ Favoritisms Brno. The hall should have sufficient capacity and facilities to hold international sporting events in cycling. At the same time it should be useful for smaller races and other events. Another requirement is that the stadium can provide enough facilities for the TJ Favorit Brno cycling club. The home base is currently a cycling stadium at the Brno Exhibition Grounds. This stadium is currently inadequate, serving only as a training course. It does not meet conditions of the international Federation od UCI. The design of the variable space of the hall deserves a further attention at least, because it will serve athletics of other sporting events. The cycling stadium is located in the northern part of the grounds. It place emphasis on the scattered surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the stadium, easy orientation and layout of entries from all sides of the object, separation of athletes from spectators. The main expressive element is two masses, one of which allows the public to climb the ramp along the perimeter of the stadium to lookout points. From the ramp you can see the action inside the stadium. The attractiveness of the entire area is enhanced by the proposed traffic playground and bombrack. The total area will be separated from traffic. 3 new car parks will be built in the area.
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Clark, Tad Dee. „An Analysis of Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance in Underwater Friction Stir Welded 304L Stainless Steel“. Diss., BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd872.pdf.
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39
Decina, Stephen Michael. „Biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus across the greater Boston area“. Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30929.
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With a burgeoning population, increasing land area, and the emergence of new megacities, urban areas have the ability to alter biogeochemical cycles across great scales. Though cities are hotspots of pollution, these concentrated population centers present an opportunity to reduce the human footprint and provide a model of sustainability. Creating sustainable cities requires an understanding of urban biogeochemical cycles of nutrients, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Studies in urban areas, however, often include measurements at only a few sites, either in an urban-rural comparison or as an anchor along an urban-rural gradient. In my dissertation work, I deployed a network of sites across the greater Boston area to measure several key biogeochemical processes: 1) rates of carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux through soil respiration, 2) atmospheric inputs and soil solution concentrations of N, P, and organic C, and 3) rates of N mineralization and nitrification in soils. I found that urban soil respiration is driven by landowner management and that respiration from urban residential soils produces almost 75% of the CO2 as fossil fuel emissions in these areas during the growing season. I also found that mean fluxes of inorganic N in throughfall are double rural rates and vary more than threefold throughout the urban area, exhibiting rates at some urban sites which are as low as rural rates. These rates are driven by vehicular N emissions and local fertilizer inputs, and are decoupled from rates of soil biogeochemical cycling of C and N. Finally, I found atmospheric fluxes of organic N equaling almost 40% of total atmospheric N inputs, atmospheric inputs of organic C on par with rural rates, atmospheric inputs of P similar to rates of P in parking lot runoff, and an enhancement of nutrient inputs to urban ecosystems by the urban tree canopy. My dissertation work highlights the need for a more thorough understanding of biogeochemical fluxes in cities, provides further impetus for the development of a more holistic, multifaceted understanding of urbanization, and suggests that urban areas should be studied as systems unto themselves, rather than strictly in comparison to rural areas.
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Yaozong, Huang, und 黃耀宗. „Research on the Experience of Cycling Riding- Take the Baihe area as an example -“. Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69vmpx.
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碩士真理大學
休閒遊憩事業學系碩士班
105
Bicycle activities play an important role in the development of urban civilization. In the domestic metropolitan area bike not only as a commuter of the transport, in the leisure time, riding a bike enjoyment and fitness has gradually become the main theme of leisure activities; complete bike lanes, special signs, signs and parking rest area , Not only popular and for years. Therefore, in the present Taiwan environment, if the use of bicycles to replace the locomotive, in addition to avoid the inconvenience of the car, and can provide the people another kind of physical and psychological, heart and lung function to strengthen the movement and leisure: In addition, Brought about by the leisure trend to create a new type of casual style. The development of the bicycle industry for more than 50 years of Taiwan, has always been "bicycle kingdom" in the world, a large number of Taiwan brand bike marketing to the world, so that the world's first time to mention the bike to think of Taiwan this country. In recent years, Taiwan's environmental awareness rise with leisure sports wind blowing, bike tourism once again become popular, from the city's bike to the bike to the island, there are a group of enthusiasts to maintain. Taiwan is a country with a pleasant climate, good scenery and a good distance from the island. For the bicycle tourism industry, Taiwan is a country that is very suitable for the development of this industry. It is expected that through this research report, it is possible to propose a model proposal for the future development of the bicycle leisure industry and to provide planners with the necessary measures to plan the cycling environment and bike lanes in the future.
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Du, Jun. „Short-range ensemble forecasting of an explosive cyclogenesis with a limited area model“. 1996. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1996_111_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Mah, Byron. „Review and evaluation of strategy behind bicycle transportation policy in Greater Vancouver“. Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/3738.
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This thesis reviews the objectives of existing and proposed
policies affecting bicycle transportation in the Greater Vancouver
region and attempts to evaluate the level of success these policies
will have in achieving these objectives. In the process,
mechanisms for implementation will be considered as well as
reaction to specific policies as indicated from survey results and
discussions with bicycling advocates in this region.
Many of the policies that will be effective, especially those at
the regional level, are aimed at making long-distance bicycle trips
a more viable option. It is argued that trips of greater distance
will appeal mostly to experienced, well-conditioned bicyclists and
that these policies will have limited effect in increasing the
overall number of people using bicycles for transportation.
In order to effectively address the issue of making bicycles a more
viable mode of transportation, there first needs to be a change in
the patterns of land use i n this region followed by the provision
of incentives for changing attitudes about transportation modes.
The needs and concerns of casual bicycle riders who usually use
their bicycles only for recreational purposes must be addressed.
Without a fundamental shift in the way in which land is used and
developed in this region and an accompanying program to precipitate
a shift in transportation behaviour, the effects of bicycle
policies on their own will be token at best.
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Ling, Tsai-I., und 蔡宜玲. „A Study on Leisure Motivations, Constraints, and Facilitators of Cycling of the Elderly in Taipei Metropolitan Area“. Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78672591203163892409.
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碩士開南大學
觀光與餐飲旅館學系
101
This study was to investigate leisure motivations, constraints, and facilitators of bicycle riding of the elderly in Taipei metropolitan area. According to previous literature, a standardized structured questionnaire was developed and then administered to elders selected based on convenience sampling and snowball sampling. A survey was made from January to March in 2013 in Taipei City and New Taipei City between the community neighborhood parks, bike paths and cycling teams, 450 questionnaires were distributed, and 397 valid responses were obtained. The collected data were then analyzed to find the status, motivating, constraining, and facilitating factors of cycling participation of the elderly, as well as the correlations between these variables. Results showed that most elders cycling were to experience natural landscapes and to achieve a relief of pressure. Their participation was mainly motivated by riding pleasure and a sense of satisfaction. The main constraints of the elderly to ride a bicycle were mainly irresistible external factors, busyness, and safety concerns. Most of those constraints were structural constraints, and individual constraints were relatively fewer. Despite facing those leisure constraints, they would still manage to increase their cycling frequency by changing riding time and space. Furthermore, after analyzed by Pearson’s correlation analysis, the leisure motivations, leisure constraints, and leisure facilitators were all positively related. Finally, this study also proposed some suggestions to the city government and related organizations in hope of promoting the cycling frequency and satisfaction of the elderly.
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Lu, Kuang-Liang, und 盧光亮. „Biogeochemical Characterization and Cycling of Arsenic in Groundwater of the Littoral Area in the Southwestern Part of Taiwan“. Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52299618461340409914.
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博士國立臺灣大學
生物環境系統工程學研究所
99
Comprehensive biogeochemical studies have been carried out to elucidate the controlling factors on the partition and the cycling of arsenic (As) within coastal aquifers in the southwestern part of Taiwan. Most groundwater samples were characterized as Na-Ca-HCO3 with HCO3- as the dominant anion. Total arsenic (As) concentration, predominantly as As3+, ranged from <1.0-562.7 μg/L. Saline water type, which was mostly concentrated in the uppermost aquifer in the study area, generally retained highly dissolved As concentrations, albeit no correlation was observed among the analyzed parameters and leaching experimental data. Factor analysis proposed a four-factor model, comprising salination, reductive dissolution of Fe/Mn oxyhydroxides, As reduction and chemical potential factor, and explained 89.94% of total variance in groundwater. Clay minerals were evidenced as the main pools for sedimentary As. Sequential extraction data indicated the partitions of As in the distal-fan were distributed evenly, independently of the weakly adsorbed As phase, but high As fractions were concentrated in amorphous and less crystalline Fe hydroxides phase in the mid-fan. Iron oxyhydroxides were regarded as the dominant sinks sorbed As as well as As-bearing sulfides in the well screen level. Stable cultures of iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) were capable of reducing both Fe and As within sediments, and further shed light on the influence of bioavailable Fe minerals. While suspending in a non-sterile, in-situ groundwater, addition of acetate as carbon source would affect the reactive pathways of Fe and As, resulting in the decoupled processes of these two redox couples. At this circumstance, solubilizing Fe(III) accompanied a significant increase of As(III) concentration implicated another release pathway for converting sedimentary As into groundwater during the onset of reducing environment. Desorption behaviors of As were relevant to its valence in the sediments and the co-existence of anions. Although bicarbonate addition resulted in less As desorption than that of phosphate on a molar basis, the contribution of bicarbonate to the total release of As was still greater than phosphate due to the much higher concentration of bicarbonate in groundwater. This result also in part explained the poor correlation between Fe and As concentrations in groundwater. As a consequence, the dissolution of As-related Fe oxyhydroxides mediated by microbial activities was the prerequisite for elevated concentration of As in the subsurface. Two-parameter (pH and Eh) model derived from discriminant analysis can be used for preliminary assessment to determine whether the As concentration exceeds 10 μg/L with simple field measurements in this area.
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Fujinuma, Ryosuke. „Base-cation cycling by individual tree species in old-growth hardwood-hemlock forests of Sylvania Recreation Area, Upper Michigan“. 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50118783.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2002.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 26-34).
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Ke, Jing-Ting, und 柯景婷. „A Study of Planning and Designing Common Spaces for Walking and Cycling – A Case of Commuting in the Urban Area“. Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q6m43r.
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碩士國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
107
In the past, the automobile-oriented urban transport had supported human life and economic development, but also contributed to increasing energy consumption, traffic congestion, air pollution, and health problems. With the concept of sustainability gradually receives the attention and starts to be applied to the transportation development, such as green transportation and human-oriented transportation. The sustainable transportation improves the quality of neighborhood traffic environment, gives priority to pedestrians and cyclists, cooperates with the transit systems, and even leads users get involved in the daily activities through green modes. In Taiwan, part of right-of-way in urban road which space is limited and is planned for automobile-oriented at the first is being adjusted to provide pedestrians and cyclists more friendly environment. Despite the environmental factors of walking and cycling are different and indifferent, the only methods, “common spaces for walking and cycling,” is proposed to improve the transportation development in the short term. Moreover, urban bicycle transportation becomes a popular trend, but the bikeway networks are partial and recreational. Compared with the whole region, there is no complete bikeway network system, and the use of daily commuting cycling, which is more in line with the concept of sustainability, is still in the initial stage of development. Therefore, the aim of this study is to discuss the planning and design strategy of the “common spaces” for walking and cycling as to commuting in the urban area. Review the related literature in order to summarize the relevant environmental factors, and use Fuzzy Delphi Technique (FDT) to select important design index factors, and apply Analytic Network Process (ANP) to establish the index factor importance weights under the mutual influence relations. Eventually, according to the weight value developed and applied to the planning and design strategy demonstration area. To discuss the planning and design strategy of common spaces for walking and cycling as to commuting in the urban area, the study considers the compatible or conflict influence between the walking and cycling environmental factors, to establish the common space planning and designing factor of priority weights. And the strategy will be as the reference for the current environmental improvement or some similar common spaces planning in the future to allocate the resource. In turn, the result can helps the urban road to carry out the concept of sustainable transportation in Taiwan.
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Šnajdr, Jakub. „Projekt cyklistických naučných stezek v Chráněné krajinné oblasti Křivoklátsko“. Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346811.
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Title: Project of Educational cycle trail in the Protected Landscape Area in Krivoklatsko. Objective: The aim is to create cycling trails nature trails in the Křivoklátsko Protected Landscape Area. Paths and routes the information to the stop and focus on routes processed into a form guide. Methods: Gathering and sorting information about the natural and cultural richness of the area. Summary information through research. Creating a printed guide with the different routes of trails. Subsequent verification of application of the resulting guide in the form of a questionnaire to a group of cyclists who tracks created by the guide completed. Results: The result of the work projects are three cycling nature trails in the protected landscape area Křivoklátsko, which are processed into a printed guide which contains a description of trails, information on routes and stops map material. The guide will be available at tourist information centers in the area and also on the Internet with the help of QR codes will be placed through stickers on existing information boards in the area. Keywords: cycling, nature trail, protected landscape area Křivoklátsko
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Huang, Kuo-Ching, und 黃國欽. „High Resolution Defect Vision Inspection for Big Area Flat Panel with Cyclic Patterns“. Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54772471192763630870.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
機械與自動化工程所
94
ABSTRACT This study proposes an automatic defect vision inspection system with high-resolution capability to detect micro size defects for flat panels, such as TFT-LCD display, which have cyclic patterns on the surface. The defects to be detected and classified include scratches, bar-shape particles, circle-shape particles, and multi- particles. The minimum defects that need to be detected is about 4μm × 4μm. Therefore, high resolution microscope with 20X or more magnification of object lens is required. For the vision inspection process, an enlarge image (720×540) was created first from a regular image (640×480) taken from a non-defected sample, as the “enlarged reference image”. The processing image is then aligned with the “enlarged reference image” to perform image subtraction for extracting the defects. After thresholding the subtracted image into binary image, binary morphology operations were performed to eliminate noises and to make the defect regions more connected. Defect properties, such as object number (N), area (A), bonding box width (W) and height (H), W/H ratio, A /(W×H), were then computed after a connected component labeling operation. It is this set of properties that are used for decision tree construction and for defect classification. Fifty samples with known defects were used for the decision tree construction. Test samples were then examed via the constructed decision tree. Experiment results have shown that the defect detection and classification of the supposed defects performed well.
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Czurylowicz, Peter. „Leaf Area Index, Carbon Cycling Dynamics and Ecosystem Resilience in Mountain Pine Beetle Affected Areas of British Columbia from 1999 to 2008“. Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/30143.
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The affect on leaf area index (LAI) and net ecosystem production (NEP) of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (MPB) outbreak in British Columbia affecting lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests was examined from 1999 to 2008. The process-based carbon (C) cycle model – Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator (BEPS) with remotely sensed LAI inputs was used to produce annual NEP maps, which were validated using field measurements. The annual NEP ranged from 2.43 to -8.03 MtC between 1999 and 2008, with sink to source conversion in 2000. The inter-annual variability for both LAI and NEP displayed initial decreases followed by a steadily increasing trend from 2006 to 2008 with NEP returning to near C neutrality in 2008 (-1.84 MtC). The resistance of LAI and NEP to MPB attack was attributed to ecosystem resilience in the form of secondary overstory growth and increased production of non-attacked host trees.
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Tesařová, Alena. „Projekt cyklistické naučné stezky v Chráněné krajinné oblasti Český kras“. Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-330115.
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Title: Project of Educational cycle trail in the Protected Landscape Area in Bohemian Karst Objective: The objective of this work was to create an Educational cycle trail in the Protected Landscape Area of the Bohemian Karst. The trail, natural and cultural attractions and other information process into guidebook which will be available at tourist information centers and on the Internet. Methods: Collecting and sorting information about the natural and cultural wealth of the region. Summarizing information in guidebook and creating a trail. Subsequent test the applicability of a booklet form of a questionnaire to a group of cyclists who created the route with the completed booklets. Results: The results of this work are two proposal of Educational cycle trail in the Protected Landscape Area of the Bohemian Karst, which are processed into guidebook that contains trail description, information about each trail and map material. The final form of the trail is also based on results of questionnaires and direct responses of testees. The guidebook can be offered to information centers in the area of Bohemian Karst or through them be available in electronic form on the Internet. Keywords: cycling, Educational trail, Protected Landscape Area, Bohemian Karst.