Dissertationen zum Thema „CyclineB“
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Chaves, Ferreira Miguel. „The role of cyclin D1 in lymphopoiesis“. Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765134.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMata, Xavier. „Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de gènes voisins du "locus" de l'α-lactalbumine caprine : application à la recherche d'éléments "cis"-régulateurs à effet dominant“. Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0033.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe recent use of large genomic fragment (BACs or YACs) has allowed to avoid this "position effect". This has been observed with a vector that was developed in our laboratory that consists of a 160 kb goat BAC insert (BAC 41) encompassing the a-lactalbumin gene, suggesting the occurrence of dominant cis-regulatory elements. The aim of this thesis was to further analyse this insert. Transgenic experiments using a derived shorter BAC of 60 kb allowed us to localise these regulatory elements in a 5' distal region of the a-lactalbumin locus. In this region two loci were identified: the cyclin T1 and FLJ20436. Characterisation of these genes revealed that they were functional within the BAC 41 and ubiquitously expressed. Surprisingly, the use of the cyclin T1 promoter in transgenics resulted in an ubiquitous expression unexpectedly high only in male germ cells. FLJ20436 pre-mRNA has a very complex splicing pattern that is conserved during evolution. These observations led us to suspect the occurrence of two chromatin domains separating these ubiquitously expressed genes from the a-lactalbumin one. Structural analysis of these genes has allowed to define a precise restriction map of the BAC 41 and to precise the location of the potential border region within the two chromatin domains. Search for cis-regulatory elements within this region was initiated. There identification and association with the a-lactalbumin promoter should contribute to the creation of efficient mammary specific expression vectors
Gramont, Armand de. „Etude de la cycline B2 et caractérisation des variants d'épissage des cyclines B1v et B2v chez l'homme“. Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBonnet, Christine. „Un motif sur la cycline B nécessaire à l'activation de CDK1 chez la levure ?“ Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePontheaux, Florian. „Activité traductionnelle et dynamique mitotique induites par la fécondation chez l’oursin“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFine tuning of translation for cell cycle dynamics remains an important topic in cell research. During my thesis, I analyzed the relationships between mRNA translational activity and mitotic cell division using sea urchin embryos. Egg fertilization triggers the activation of the translational machinery, which is required for resuming the first mitotic division, independently of any transcription. A Translational Regulatory Network (TlRN) remains to be identified and characterized upstream of the cell cycle actors. Seeking mitotic activities that can help visualize spatial dynamics inside isolated eggs, I obtained original data showing the spatial and dynamic activity of the mitotic complex CyclinB/CDK1 and the phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 3 (pH3T3) during embryonic mitosis. Then, I analyzed the in vivo role of specific 5’UTR for controlling the mRNA recruitment onto active polysome following fertilization. Finally, I showed that the translation of the mRNA encoding for eIF4B (eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4B) controls the translational activity and dynamics of the first two mitotic divisions induced by fertilization. I propose that eIF4B acts as a positive regulator within the TlRN. These data will allow to study the potential effect of eIF4B acting upstream the spatial dynamics of CDK1 and pH3T3 activities
Bockstaele, Laurence. „Réévaluation de la régulation de l'activité de la CDK4, kinase dépendante des cyclines D, clé de l'engagement dans le cycle cellulaire: rôle de l'inhibiteur p27“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210626.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleNous avons étudié l’activité catalytique et l’activation des complexes cycline D3-CDK4-p27 issus des thyrocytes de chien en culture primaire ou produits en cellules d’eucaryotes supérieurs (CHO et Sf9). Nous avons pu montrer que les complexes cycline D3-CDK4-p27 issus des thyrocytes de chien stimulés par la TSH présentent une activité pRb-kinase qui est inhibée par le TGF&61538; En outre, la production des complexes cycline D3-CDK4-p27 en cellules CHO ou Sf9 nous a permis de montrer que l’impact de la p27 sur l’activité catalytique des complexes cycline D3-CDK4 dépend de sa stoechiométrie de liaison à ces complexes. L’analyse du profil de séparation par électrophorèse bidimensionnelle de la CDK4 issue de ces trois systèmes montre que la p27 n’empêche pas la phosphorylation activatrice de la CDK4, même aux concentrations de p27 qui empêchent l’activité pRb kinase du complexe cycline D3-CDK4. Nous avons également montré dans les cellules CHO que la p27 détermine la localisation nucléaire des complexes cycline D3-CDK4, ceux-ci étant relocalisés dans le cytoplasme par la transfection d’un mutant de la p27 dépourvu de son signal de localisation nucléaire. Ces résultats valident les observations réalisées par immunofluorescence dans les thyrocytes de chien dans lesquels nous avons mis en évidence une étroite corrélation au niveau des cellules individuelles stimulées par la TSH entre la translocation nucléaire de la CDK4 et l’apparition de la p27 nucléaire. Cette colocalisation est partiellement inhibée par le TGF&61538; Ces observations renforcent l’hypothèse d’un rôle de la p27 dans l’ancrage nucléaire des complexes cycline D3-CDK4.
Alors que la localisation de la CAK est considérée comme exclusivement nucléaire et son activité catalytique constitutive, nous avons pu montrer que la phosphorylation activatrice de la CDK4 associée à la cycline D3 n’est pas affectée par sa localisation sub-cellulaire et qu’elle est régulée par le TGF&61538; dans les thyrocytes de chien et par le sérum dans les cellules T98G indépendamment de l’association de la CDK4 à la p27. De plus, la phosphorylation de la CDK4 sur Thr172 dans les cellules T98G est stimulée par le sérum, alors que la phosphorylation activatrice de la CDK6, son homologue fonctionnel, ne l’est pas. La comparaison de la séquence de ces deux CDKs à proximité des Thr phosphorylées (Thr177 pour la CDK6) révèle, outre une forte similarité de séquence, une différence au niveau de l’acide aminé situé en aval de la thréonine :il s’agit d’une proline dans la CDK4 et d’une sérine dans la CDK6. La mutation P173S de la CDK4 abolit la phosphorylation sur Thr172 et l’activité de la CDK4 associée à la cycline D3 dans les cellules CHO, mais n’affecte pas la phosphorylation et l’activation de la CDK4 par la CAK recombinante in vitro. L’ensemble de ces résultats suggère que la/les CAKs régulée(s) responsables de l’activation de la CDK4 n’ont pas encore été identifiées et que la proline située en aval de la Thr172 de la CDK4 est essentielle pour sa phosphorylation activatrice et son activité pRb kinase.
Doctorat en sciences biomédicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Viallard, Jean-François. „Apport de la cytométrie en flux à l'étude des protéines du cycle cellulaire“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28688.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSorrell, David Andrew. „CycD cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in tobacco BY-2 cells“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624421.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDelorme, Richard. „Microscopie confocale et cytométrie tridimensionnelle : application à l'étude de la localisation de la cycline A et des CDK associées dans les cellules lymphoïdes“. Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO1T239.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoncle, Nicolas. „Rôles distincts des sous-unités du module CDK8 du complexe médiateur de la transcription au cours du développement de la drosophile“. Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30075.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLapillonne, Hélène. „Le contrôle de la phase G1 du cycle cellulaire dans les cellules souches embryonnaires de souris“. Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1T129.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBendris, Nawal. „Nouvelles fonctions de la Cycline A2 : régulation de l’invasion cellulaire et de la transition épithéliomésenchymateuse“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20079.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCancer aggressiveness is often associated with metastases occurrence and their dissemination can arise following an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cyclin A2 expression is lower in metastases relative to primary colon adenocarcinoma of matched human tumors. This manuscript describes new links between Cyclin A2 and Actin cytoskeleton remodeling in fibroblasts. This regulation requires a cytoplasmic localization of the protein and its N-terminal domain, which is unable to bind CDKs. This new Cyclin A2 activity appears to be mediated by its binding to RhoA. Accordingly, the activity of its GEF is potentiated when Cyclin A2 is present, in vitro. Furthermore, we used a normal mammary epithelial cell line and identified another Cyclin A2 partner, RhoC. Cyclin A2 depletion in this context leads to a reciprocal RhoGTPase activation where RhoA activation is impaired and that of RhoC is increased. Moreover, cell invasiveness is increased in a collagen matrix following Cyclin A2 knockdown in these cells. In addition, the epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties, which are exarcerbated by the expression of RasV12 and are characteristic of an EMT. Our work completes the network involving cell cycle proteins in motility. These novel functions of Cyclin A2 will hopefully help to understand the impact of its deregulation in cancer
Mourgues, Lucas. „Identification d'une nouvelle fonction oncogénique de BMI1 à travers la répression du gène suppresseur de tumeur CCNG2 : une fenêtre thérapeutique potentielle“. Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4064/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe polycomb protein Bmi1 is a major epigenetic regulator. It has been shown that this protein is essential for the regulation of cell proliferation, senescence and metabolism but also self-Renewal of hematopoïetic and cancer stem cells. This transcriptional repressor, with a strong oncogenic potential, is overexpressed in many types of cancer. In case of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) the expression level of BMI1 is associated with worsening prognosis. However, the signaling pathways involved in its overexpression and its role in this disease remains unclear. By using RNAi to repress BMI1 expression we highlighted that this polycomb was essential for proliferation and clonogenicity of CML cells. We also demonstrated, for the first time, that BMI1 supported tumor growth through repression of deleterious cancer cell autophagy. A transcriptomic approach allowed us to identify a transcriptional target involved in this process: the Cyclin G2. Through a bioinformatic approach, we finally found a molecule capable of expression re-Induction of Cyclin G2 in CML cells : alexidine dihydrochloride. This molecule induced a high level of autophagy as well as apopotosis in cancer cells. It had also been able to re-Sensitize to imatinib a resistant cell line. In conclusion, our results revealed a new role for the polycomb BMI1 in supporting the CML pathology. Moreover, our work allowed the identification of two new approaches for therapeutically targeting this oncogene functions
Gibert, Valérie. „Etude des mécanismes moléculaires mis en jeu dans la dégradation de la cycline E à l'aide des extraits d'oeufs de Xénope“. Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20215.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCyclin E-null cells are resistant to the oncogenic transformation in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of cyclin E leads to high chromosomal instability correlated to initiation of replication defect. The aim of this project was to study molecular mechanisms implicated in the degradation of cyclin E and to characterize if cyclin E turnover is tied to its function in DNA replication. Even if cyclin E is described stable during early embryonic development in Xenopus, we observed that cyclin E is degraded during initiation of DNA replication. We shown that the pathways of cyclin E turnover are functional in Xenopus egg extracts and that F-box proteins Cdc4 and Skp2 required for cyclin E turnover via SCF complex are present in Xenopus egg extracts. In addition, we determine that there is a specificity of interaction between F-box protein and cyclin E dependant on cell cycle. This recognition is regulated both by differential phosphorylation of cyclin E and by modification of F-box proteins Skp2 and Cdc4
Bouftas, Nora. „Control of meiotic divisions in oocytes : a novel role for cyclin B3“. Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS176.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMeiosis is a tightly regulated process made up of two successive divisions, meiosis I and II. They must be completed in an orderly manner to obtain haploid gametes with the correct number of chromosomes. Female mammalian meiosis is an error-prone process where errors in segregation create aneuploid gametes. In addition, incidence of aneuploidy increases in correlation with age. Understanding the regulation of female mammalian meiosis is therefore essential. Meiotic cell divisions are regulated by cyclins associated to their binding catalytic partners Cdks. I investigated the role of a unique cyclin, cyclin B3, through the use of cyclin B3 KO female mice. I found that lack of cyclin B3-Cdk1 activity in KO oocytes affects APC/C activity and induces an arrest at metaphase I due to high cyclin B1 levels, high Cdk1 activity, and inactive separase. Surprisingly, cyclin B3 from other species was able to rescue mouse cyclin B3 KO oocytes. I was also able to show that cyclin B3 is able to inhibit CSF arrest. My recent data suggests that cyclin B3 KO oocytes put in place a precocious CSF arrest, leading to the metaphase I arrest observed. Hence, my PhD work has shown that cyclin B3 is essential for female meiosis I and to prevent precocious CSF arrest in meiosis I instead of meiosis II
Rivera, Vargas Thaiz Dayana. „La régulation post-transcriptionnelle des Cyclines D1, D3 et G1 par le complexe nucléaire IMP-3 dans les cancers humains“. Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA11T055.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRNA-binding proteins of the IMP family (IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins 1-3) are key post-transcriptional regulatory factors of gene expression. They are known to control cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation. In our previous work, we show that all three IMP proteins can directly bind the mRNAs of cyclins D1, D3, and G1 (CCND1, D3, and G1) in vitro. Nevertheless, only IMP-3 regulates their expression in a significant manner in vivo, thus controlling proliferation of a number of human cancer cell lines. Importantly, the nuclear localization of IMP-3 is essential for the post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of CCND1, CCND3, and CCNG1 (CCNs). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of IMP-3- specific regulation, we have identified its protein partners in human embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. We now show that in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, IMP-3 interacts with a number or RNA-binding nucleocytoplasmic proteins, including DHX9, PTBP1, NF90, NF110, HNRNPA1, HNRNPA2/B1 and HuR. These IMP-3 partners have a dramatic impact on the protein levels of the cyclins. Interestingly, the decrease of CCNs protein synthesis in IMP-3 depleted cells can be fully reversed by down-regulating the key proteins of RNAi machinery, such as AGO2 and GW182. These findings suggest that IMP-3- dependent RNP complexes pre-assembled in the nucleus can protect their target mRNAs from cytoplasmic RNAi-dependent repression in human cancer cells
Dann, Jeremiah J. „Immunological characterization and histone kinase activity of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 at G1 and G2/M phase of the cell division cycle in one-cell mouse embryos“. Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1306852.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDepartment of Biology
Martinsson, Hanna-Stina. „Single cell analysis of checkpoints in G₁ /“. Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-455-4/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJi, Jun-Yuan. „Functions of Cdk1-cyclin B in regulating the early embryonic mitoses in Drosophila /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5124.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAsrar, Ahmad Malik. „Testing the cell cycle phase specificity of cyclins: can an earlier cyclin trigger a later event?“ Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/127221.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleZitouni, Sihem. „Régulation du suppresseur de tumeur : la protéine F-box Fbw7“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20096.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe ubiquitin-proteasome system plays a central role in the control of cell cycle progression through the regulated degradation of numerous critical proteins. In this process, one key family of ubiquitin ligases are the SCF (Skp1/Cul-1/F-box) complexes, in which F-box-bearing proteins act as substrate-recruiting factors. Fbw7 (also known as Fbxw7, hCdc4, hAgo, Sel-10) is one such F-box protein. It controls the stability and thus the levels of several positive regulators of the cell cycle, including cyclin E, cMyc, c-Jun, Notch, Aurora A, mTOR, Mcl1. As a consequence of its biological roles, alterations of the functions of Fbw7 lead to defects in cellular proliferation, differentiation and genetic instability. As seen in cancers, mutation of Fbw7 leads to deregulation of cyclin E expression, which is no more restricted to the G1-S phase boundary of the cell cycle. Here we report that Fbw7, although expressed in mature Xenopus eggs arrested in metaphase II, is not functional, explaining why cyclin E can be stockpiled in this mitotic-like phase. We found that, in these eggs as well as in early Xenopus embryos, Fbw7 is maintained under a PKC-dependent poly-ubiquitylated state until the end of the early rapid cleavage cycles where cyclin E is abruptly degraded. Importantly, we show that this PKC-dependent negative regulation of Fbw7 is conserved during human somatic cell cycles, resulting into the periodic expression of cyclin E. These findings reveal a novel mechanism critical for the temporal regulation of Fbw7 and suggest that the key functions of Fbw7 can be altered by PKC dysregulation, a mechanism known to occur in many types of human tumours
Prevel, Camille. „Développement de biosenseurs fluorescents et d’inhibiteurs pour suivre et cibler CDK4/cycline D dans le mélanome“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONT3505/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCDK/cyclins play a central role in coordinating cell cycle progression, and in sustaining proliferation of cancer cells, thereby constituting established cancer biomarkers and attractive pharmacological targets. In particular, CDK4/cyclin D, which is responsible for coordinating cell cycle progression through G1 into S phase, is a relevant target in several cancers including melanoma, associated with mutation of CDK4, cyclin D, p16INK4a and pRb.As there are no sensitive and direct approaches to probe CDK4/cyclin D activity in physiological and pathological conditions, the first goal of my thesis has consisted in engineering a fluorescent biosensor to probe this kinase in vitro and in cellulo. Once characterized and validated in vitro, the biosensor was applied to detect CDK4/cyclin D alterations in biopsies from human skin and melanoma xenografts in fluorescence-based activity assays, and in living cancer cells by fluorescence microscopy and timelapse imaging.Moreover, only few inhibitors are currently available to target CDK4/cyclin D and most of them bind the ATP pocket. As such, the second major goal of my thesis project has consisted in identifying non-ATP competitive inhibitors, either through rational design of peptides or by screening small molecule libraries. To this aim, two fluorescent biosensors were engineered which discriminate compounds that target the interface between CDK4 and cyclin D, or that perturb the conformational dynamics of CDK4, respectively, from ATP-pocket binding compounds. Fluorescence-based screening assays performed with these biosensors lead to identification of hits, which were validated and characterized in vitro and in cell proliferation assays, and which constitute promising candidates for selective chemotherapy in melanoma
Bhaduri, Samyabrata. „Regulation of CDK1 Activity during the G1/S Transition in S. cerevisiae through Specific Cyclin-Substrate Docking: A Dissertation“. eScholarship@UMMS, 2014. http://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/871.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCoronado, Diana. „The brevity of G1 is an intrinsic determinant of naïve pluripotency“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923648.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleFousse, Julie. „Study of the coupling between interkinetic nuclear migration and cell-cycle progression in the mouse developing cortex“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1320.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleOmarjee, Soleilmane. „Étude du rôle du récepteur ERa-36 dans la signalisation non génomique des oestrogènes“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1041/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleWe study a novel splice variant of ERa, named ERa36, and its involvement in estrogen non genomic signaling. Unlike ERa, this variant has main cytoplasmic/plasma membrane localization and alternative splicing confers it with a unique, previously unidentified C-terminal domain. Interestingly, we found that ERa36 C-terminal domain contains a putative MAPK binding D-Domain for the serine/threonine kinase ERK2. This domain is a docking site for members of the MAPK family. Coupling in-vitro and in-cellulo approaches, we demonstrated that ERa36 binds specifically to ERK2 following estrogen, as well as clinical anti-estrogen (tamoxifen) stimulation.We demonstrated that ERa36 binding to ERK2 inhibits the latter’s dephosphorylation by the dual phosphatase MKP3, thereby leading to a sustained ERK activation. This mechanism had profound effects on ERK’s downstream molecular targets. In fact, pharmacological inhibition of the ERa36/ERK2 interaction abrogated the phosphorylation of Paxillin, which in turn led to a downregulation of CyclinD1 transcription.Futhermore, IHC analysis of ERa36 expression in 175 patient breast tumors revealed that its expression constituted an independent predictor of distant metastasis and influenced on overall survival. In conclusion, ERa36 expression could constitute a new biomarker in breast cancer
Datar, Sanjeev Ashok. „Developmental regulation of growth and cell cycle progression in Drosophila melanogaster : a larval growth arrest screen, and molecular and genetic analysis of the cyclin D/Cdk4 complex /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBrioudes, Estelle. „RSK2 et Greatwall, deux AGC kinases actrices de la mitose“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20251/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMitosis is an important phase of cell cycle. The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) verifies the orders and the events correct execution of the cell cycle, as errors may lead to aneuploidy. During the mitosis, the checkpoint delays the anaphase onset until all chromosomes are correctly attached to the spindle‘s microtubules. Entry and Exit of mitosis are regulated by the activation and inactivation of cyclin B/Cdk1. A lot of kinases and phosphatases are involved in this fine regulation. In this project, we are particularly focusing on two AGC kinases: RSK2 and Greatwall (Gwl).In this study, we analyzed RSK2, a major substrates of MAPK, involvement in SAC. Our results show that RSK2 is essential to the activation of SAC in xenopus egg extracts and for the localization at the kinétochores of the others SAC components. We also show that RSK2 participate in the maintenance of the SAC in human cells. Indeed, RSK2 is necessary for Mad1, Mad2 and Cenp-E localization, essential proteins for SAC activation.Entry and exit of mitosis are regulated by cyclin B/Cdk1 complex and phosphatases. Gwl is a new kinase essential to the entry into mitosis and maintenance of the mitotic state in xenopus egg extracts. Indeed, our results showed that Gwl maintains the mitotic state independently of cyclin B/Cdk1 but with the negative regulation of PP2A, which dephosphorylate the mitotic substrates
Champagne, Julien. „Etude du rôle de la cycline D1 dans la survie cellulaire“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT018.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBreast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. This cancer is the leading cause of death in women aged from 35 to 65 years old. Different treatments are now available depending on tumor subtypes. However, some patients are still refractory to these therapies and are at risk of disease relapse. Cancer research has long focused on aberrant cancer cell division but today it is evident that the resistance to programmed cell death is also a major characteristic of the disease.D-type cyclins regulate cell cycle by allowing the transition from the G1-phase to the S-phase. These regulatory subunits activate the Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6) that phosphorylate the retinoblastoma proteins which then release the E2F transcription factors. Nuclear Cyclin D1 (CycD1) is therefore central in the control of division. The Ccnd1 gene is amplified in human cancers and half of breast cancer patients bare an overexpression of CycD1. CycD1 is required for mammary carcinoma onset and progression in a CDK4 kinase-dependent manner. Hence, specific CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed and authorized in the clinics against breast cancer. Unfortunately, some patients remain insensitive to this treatment. In this frame, the specific targeting of CycD1 could represent a strategic alternative in clinics to overcome these pitfalls. Indeed, in addition to cell cycle regulation with CDK4, CycD1 is also involved in CDK4-independent features of cancer cells like cell survival. However, to date, no clear mechanism for the impact of CycD1 in tumor maintenance is established to demonstrate the therapeutic value of its targeting.Moreover, recent studies have demonstrated the participation of CycD1 in adult organs to regulate glucose metabolism and hematopoiesis. As a consequence, to avoid any undesirable side effects, we decided to gauge the potential CycD1 implication in post-mitotic organs body-wide. We set up a new hypersensitive technology named Tandem-HTRF based on the energy transfer between two antibodies to reveal the unexpected dynamics of CycD1 expression in adult organ. Then, we discovered that alterations of CycD1 expression induced dramatic functional consequences on the survival capacities of healthy adult post-mitotic cells.Based on these limitations, we developed a novel RNAi approach specific to cancer cells named TAG-RNAi. This technology allows the silencing of CycD1 in cancer cells only to spare healthy cells. This innovative approach consists in the targeting of a mRNA tag only present on CycD1 from cancer cells. Using this technique, we found that the specific silencing of CycD1 induces a rapid and spontaneous regression of tumors driven by the RAS or ERBB2 oncogenes. Then, thanks to a proteomics screening in vivo, I discovered that under pro-apoptotic stresses the cytoplasmic CycD1 interacts with the procaspase-3 protein and blocks its activation to prevent cancer cell apoptosis. Altogether, my work demonstrates the clinical value of the specific targeting of CycD1 in cancers to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments.Hence, it remained to be determined how to apply in patients RNAi against CycD1 only in cancer cells. Because the exotic tagging of its gene was instrumental in mice cancer models, we reasoned that human cancer mutations could represent such a specific tag. We have extended the concept of TAG-RNAi to somatic mutations characteristic of human cancers to successfully target the expression of KRAS-G12V or BRAF-V600E mutants as examples. The idea is therefore to identify Ccnd1 mutations in cancer patients in order to apply TAG-RNAi as a custom therapeutic approach that will manage side effects. More unanticipated, CycD1 expression represents a new biomarker for both cancer and age-related disorders: low CycD1 levels predispose to degenerative complications while high CycD1 levels indicate increased susceptibility to cancer and resistance to treatment
Barette, Caroline. „Régulation de l'expression de cycline C et études fonctionnelles du complexe cycline C-cdk8“. Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20209.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIntravaia, Paul Joseph. „Cycling“. OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1509.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLoukil, Abdelhalim. „Etude de la cycline A2 : interactions, dégradation et mise en évidence du rôle de l'autophagie“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20115.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe cell cycle is finely regulated in time and space. We have studied the dynamical aspect of the interactions between cyclin A2 and its partners Cdk1, Cdk2 and ubiquitin during the cell cycle, in human cell lines. To this aim, we have used FRET (Förster/fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy) techniques. We have thus shown that ubiquitylated forms of cyclin A2 are detected predominantly in foci in prometaphase, before spreading throughout the cell. Moreover, we have shown that autophagy contributes to cyclin A2 degradation in mitosis. We discuss the implications of these observations regarding a possible role of cyclin A2 when the cleavage furrow forms, and the participation of autophagy in DNA damage response in mitosis
Ganier, Olivier. „Etude des fonctions de la cycline A2 dans la progression du cycle cellulaire des cellules de mammifères“. Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066207.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBelhachemi, Naima. „Etude de l'entrée en phase M méiotique : rôle des protéines Myt1 et Xe-p9“. Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066352.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe main objective of this Thesis was to unravel the mechanisms allowing the activation of the molecular engine driving entry into M-phase in eukaryotic cells: MPF (M-Phase promoting Factor). For this purpose, meiotic divisions of the Xenopus oocytes were selected as a model system. Xenopus oocytes are naturally arrested in prophase of the first meiotic division. After progesterone stimulation, they complete the first meiotic division, form a metaphase I spindle and resume the first meiotic division with the extrusion of the first polar body. They immediately enter the second meiotic division by the formation of a metaphase II spindle and arrest at this stage until fertilization. This process depends the tight regulation of MPF activity (M-phase promoting factor), a complex between Cyclin B and the Cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdc2. Progesterone-triggered meiosis resumption ultimately leads to conversion of pre-MPF (a stockpile of inactive MPF due to two inhibitory phosphorylations, on Thr14 and Tyr15) into active MPF by an auto-amplification mechanism. MPF activation through removal of the inhibitory phosphorylations, is controlled by the activities of the Ccd25 phosphatase and the counteracting Myt1 kinase. The main results of this work are : 1) Myt1 function is required to maintain prophase I arrest in oocytes and Myt1 inhibition is an early event of meiosis resumption, controlled by neo-synthesized Cyclins, thus newly formed Cdc2/Cyclin B complexes. We propose a model in which the significant upregulation of Cyclin B synthesis following progesterone stimulation produces a small population of active Cdc2-Cyclin B, which is responsible for early Myt1 inhibition; this change in the balance between Cdc25 and Myt1 ensures rapid and complete conversion of pre-MPF into active MPF. 2) We then studied the implication of Cks proteins, Cdk-associated proteins, in the resumption of meiosis. We showed that the Xenopus Cks homolog Xe-p9 is present in oocytes and associated to a special fraction of free Cdc2, carrying the activating phosphorylation on Thr161. Furthermore, a functional approach allowed us to establish that Xe-p9 protein has an essential role in Xenopus meiotic M-phase entry. Overall our results led us to propose a model in which Cks-bound Cdc2, and already phosphorylated on Thr161, associates with newly synthesized Cyclins and the resulting active and ready-to-use MPF molecules act as the molecular trigger of meiosis re-entry
Baus, Fabienne. „Rôle de p21Waf1, un inhibiteur des kinases dépendantes des cyclines, dans l'arrêt en phase G2 du cycle cellulaire en réponse aux stress génotoxiques“. Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePécrix, Yann. „Analyse moléculaire de la formation des microgamètes non-réduits chez Rosa spp“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4374.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleIn the evolutionary history of plants, polyploidization has been a recurring phenomenon that has shaped the genomes, might have contributed to the occurrence of major evolutionary step and might have facilitated the survival of many plant families during major ecological crises. The main mechanism of polyploidization is sexual polyploidization, which involves the formation of 2n gametes resulting from meiotic division changes. Recently, mutants highly producing 2n gametes have been isolated in A. thaliana. Loss of AtPS1 gene function leads to parallel spindles orientation in meiosis II and loss of AtCYCA1;2/TAM gene function leads to the omission of the second meiotic division. The aim of this PhD project was to identify factors and mechanisms responsible for the 2n gametes formation, using Rosa as a model. This work permitted to: (i) discover an abiotic factor, high temperature, that can induce a high production of 2n gametes, (ii) show that the sensitivity window to this factor is narrow and restricted to meiosis and (iii) reveal that 2n gamete production in inductive condition, results from parallel spindle orientation in meiosis II. To determine molecular mechanisms responsible for their formation, two candidate genes, RhPS1 and RhCYCA1 were identified in Rosa. Analysis of their expression revealed: (i) their high expression level in stamens at meiosis stage in non-inductive condition and (ii) the rapid repression of their transcript levels under inductive condition. Meiotic gene function of RhPS1 was validated by complementation of atps1-1 mutant and by generating a rose transgenic line p35S:: RNAi-RhPS1. According to these results, polyploidization and its mechanisms can now be replaced in the context of the current climate
Williams, Lisa Marie. „Cell cycle inhibitors in control of chronic gammaherpesvirus infection /“. Connect to abstract via ProQuest. Full text not available online, 2007.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenTypescript. Abstract available online via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 207-223).
Deforzh, Evgeny. „Le complexe IMP3 protège ses ARNm cibles de la répression traductionnelle dépendante de Argonaute/GW182/miRNA“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS203/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleRNA-binding proteins of the IMP family (IGF2 mRNA-binding proteins 1-3) are conserved oncofetal proteins, regulating transport, stability and decay of multiple mRNAs. IMPs are involved in embryonic developement and tumorigenesis by controlling cell proliferation, differentation, migration, polarization and many other important aspects of cell function. IMP-3 is hardly detectable in normal adult tissues, but is overexpressed in many cancers, where it has been reported as a marker of tumor aggressiveness, rapid growth, and bad prognosis for patients. In our research we utilized a rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell line RD, where IMPs were first described as IGF-2 mRNA regulating proteins. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which IMP3 regulates the expression of cyclins D1 and D3, thereby contributing to the understanding of oncogenic processes in RMS.In this study, we show that IMP3 regulates the expression of cyclin D1 and D3 in a significant manner in vivo. We also demonstrate that in the absence of IMP3, the mRNAs of the cyclins are exported to the cytoplasm and associated with polyribosomes, but not translated. IMP3 inhibition does not influence the stability of cyclin mRNAs. We demonstrate that in human cancer cells, IMP3 interacts with multiple RNA-binding proteins, and that a number of these IMP-3 partners impacts on the expression of cyclins D1 and D3. These observations suggest the existence of a regulatory IMP-3 containing RNP complex on the 3’UTR of mRNAs of cyclin D1 and D3. Our results show that an inhibition of two key proteins of RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) (AGO2 and GW182/TNRC6) rescues the expression of cyclin D1 and D3 proteins, which is significantly decreased in the absence of IMP3 or its protein partners ILF3/NF90 and PTBP1. Therefore, IMP3 and RISC complexes can compete for cyclin mRNAs translational repression/activation. We also identified a number of miRNAs that can be involved in this process, and characterized functionally important regions within 3’ UTRs of the cyclins, where the competition between IMP-3 and RISC complexes takes place. Our results are consistent with the existence of IMP3 - containing multiprotein complex, which is associated with 3’UTRs of the cyclins and regulates their translation by protecting them from miRISC-dependent translational repression
Merger, Alexis Nicole. „Life Cycling: Cardiovascular Benefits of Cycling for Women“. Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579421.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleSilva, Alexandre Manuel Oliveira da. „Cycling cities“. Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19235.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleA presente investigação centra-se na temática de promoção da mobilidade ciclável e a devida integração com os transportes ferroviários, tendo em consideração a orografia do terreno. Num momento em que a procura por soluções sustentáveis no âmbito da mobilidade em cidade tem vindo a crescer, constata-se que a mobilidade com recurso à bicicleta nas deslocações diárias poderá atenuar as dificuldades existentes, podendo esta ser considerada como um dos modos de transporte mais eficazes nas deslocações urbanas. Numa fase inicial, a revisão dos conceitos aborda as questões relacionadas com esta temática, onde as posições de diversos autores fundamentam a importância que a mobilidade ciclável desempenha nas mais diversas áreas, desde da gestão e planeamento territorial às vertentes sociais, económicas, ambientais e culturais. Numa segunda fase, desenvolve-se um estudo sobre a aptidão ciclável no município de Vila Franca de Xira, procurando estudar a possibilidade de integrar a bicicleta enquanto modo de transporte diário de ligação às estações ferroviárias da Linha da Azambuja. Este estudo procura responder às adversidades encontradas aquando do processo de planeamento de redes cicláveis e tenta acomodar a questão orográfica, através do estudo prévio dos declives do terreno. O objetivo passa por entender de que forma é possível atenuar esta condicionante e, assim, promover junto da comunidade local o uso da bicicleta nas suas deslocações diárias de e para as diversas estações ferroviárias do concelho.
ABSTRACT: The present research focuses on the theme of promoting cycling mobility, currently conditioned by terrain orography and its effective integration with rail transport. At a time when the search for sustainable solutions in city mobility has been growing, it is clear that cycling mobility in daily commutes may alleviate existing difficulties and may be considered as one of the most effective urban modes of transport At an initial phase, the review of the concepts addresses issues related to this theme, where the positions of several authors justify the importance of cycling mobility in a broad variety of areas, ranging from territorial management and planning to social, economic, environmental and cultural aspects. At a second phase, a study is developed focusing on the cycling ability in the municipality of Vila Franca de Xira, seeking to study the possibility of integrate the bicycle as a daily mode of transport in the connections to Linha da Azambuja railway statios. This study seeks to respond to the the adversities encountered during the planning process of cycling networks and to accommodating the orographic question, through a preliminary study of the terrains slopes. The objective is to understand how the condition of the slopes may be mitigated and, thus, to promote bicycle use in the daily commute to and from the various railway stations in the municipality.
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Putey, Aurélien. „Synthèses d'analogues indoliques de la famille des aldisines“. Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10286.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleThe family of aldisines, isolated from marine sponges, presents a great interest not only for the synthetic pathways but also for biological aspects. To complete this work, various syntheses of indolic analogues and derivatives of this family were developed. A bibliographic study showing the most known compounds of the aldisines’ family and their syntheses will be reported in a first part. Then, in a second part, a general and efficicent synthesis of structural analogues of latonduine A was carried out via a palladium-catalysed intramolecular reaction of arylation. Several of these final compounds show a sub-micromolar antiproliferative activity on various tumoral human cell lines. The third part of this work reports the preparation of new 4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,4]diazepino[1,2-a]indol-1-ones (derivated from the aldisine) from alkyl indole-2-carboxylates. These compounds show a significant activity on Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) which is one of the main therapeutic targets for the cancer treatment since the last decade. Finally, a non-classical route to 2,3-diiodoindoles from indole-2-carboxylic acids is described in a fourth part
Blondel, Marc. „Etude de la degradation des cyclines g1“. Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112481.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKurzawa, Laetitia. „Développement de biosenseurs peptidiques fluorescents pour la détection des Cdk-cyclines dans les cellules vivantes“. Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20086.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCdk-cyclins represent key regulators of cell cycle progression among superior eukaryotes. Genetic and epigenetic alterations involving oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes are often associated with aberrant expression or activation of Cdks, leading to the sustained proliferation of cells and by the way to the development of cancers. Despite the oncogenic and therapeutic relevance of these proteins, their detection has so far remained limited to indirect and invasive methods. My Ph.D. thesis work aimed in this context at developing peptidic fluorescent biosensors that specifically recognize Cdk-cyclins. Combined to cell-penetrating peptides, the biosensor was efficiently delivered into cells. Following the development of the signal ratiometric quantification, the relative abundance of endogenous Cdk-cyclins was directly evaluated in living cells. Two other variants, that are more specific towards specific Cdk-cyclin complexes, were also designed. Finally, the development of novel versions of the biosensor allowed us to evaluate its biodistribution in vivo and to set up a cell-based assay to screen small molecules having an effect on Cdk-cyclin relative abundance
Planchais, Séverine. „Controle de la transition g2/m chez arabidopsis thaliana : caracterisation d'un inhibiteur de kinases dependantes des cyclines analyse de la regulation de la transcription du gene codant la cycline mitotique arath ; cycb1 ; 1“. Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112267.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleGonnot, Fabrice. „Relations fonctionnelles entre les régulateurs de pluripotence et le cycle cellulaire dans les cellules souches embryonnaires pluripotentes“. Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1149.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleMouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) display an unorthodox cell cycle characterised by the lack of a functional Rb pathway and robust expression of cyclin E during all cell cycle phases. Therefore, mESCs are constitutively primed for DNA replication. To understand how cyclin E, a key regulator of the G1-to-S phase transition, is regulated in mESCs, we analysed the transcriptional regulation of Ccne1 by transcription factors of the naive pluripotency network. We observed that Esrrb, Klf4 and Tfcp2l1 bound the Ccne1 promoter region on multiple sites between 0 and 1kb upstream transcription start site. Disrupting the binding sites reduced or abolished transcriptional activity in a luciferase assay. Moreover, the doxycyclin-inducible expression of Essrb, Klf4 and Tfcp2l1 up-regulated the Ccne1 mRNA level. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that Essrb, Klf4 and Tfcp2l1 control Cyclin E expression and highlight a direct connection between the naïve pluripotency network and regulation of the mitotic cycle in mESCs. We used the FUCCI reporter system to study cell-cycle dependent expression of the transcription factors that form the naïve pluripotency network. Esrrb, Klf4, Tfcp2l1 and Nanog expression oscillated during the cell cycle with a down-regulated expression between the early G1-phase and the beginning of S-phase, and then up-regulated expression between the beginning of S-phase and the G2/M-phase. These results suggest that the naive pluripotency network is destabilized transiently during the transition from the G1-phase to the S-phase of the cell cycle
Guo, Yuchen. „L’inactivation de la cycline A2 contribue à la carcinogenèse colorectale en perturbant l'homéostasie colique et induisant une inflammation chez la souris“. Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT009.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleCyclin A2 is an essential cell cycle regulator required for accurate DNA replication and mitotic entry in association with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). In multiple types of human cancers, cyclin A2 was considered as a proliferation driver contributing to carcinogenesis based on its function to promote cell cycle.Recently, the complexity of cyclin A2 functions has been revealed. Some in vitro studies demonstrated that cyclin A2 inactivation induces increased cell motility and invasiveness of mouse fibroblasts due to defective RhoA activation. Moreover, cyclin A2 inactivation has been shown to induce EMT through the upregulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity, but also via the TGFβ/Prefoldin pathway. These studies suggest that reduced levels of cyclin A2 are linked to increased invasiveness and metastasis in some cancer types. Using a cyclin A2 mutant mouse model, a recent study established the CDK-independent function of cyclin A2 in the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks and showed that loss of cyclin A2 promotes tumorigenesis in skin and lung due to deficient DSBs repair.Altogether, these studies highlight the multiple functions cyclin A2 can execute. The aim of my thesis was to explore the role of cyclin A2 in colon homeostasis and colorectal cancer development.To evaluate the prognostic value of cyclin A2 in CRC, we analyzed cyclin A2 expression by IHC on tumor samples derived from CRC patients of different stages. We found that high levels of cyclin A2 correlate with bad prognosis and lower survival in patients with stage I and II CRC. However, decreased cyclin A2 expression was detected in stage III and IV by comparison to stage I and II CRC biopsies. Complementary to the clinical study, we generated tissue-specific mutant mouse models bearing either a constitutive or inducible cyclin A2 deletion in the intestinal epithelium. We showed that depletion of cyclin A2 in mouse intestinal epithelium causes colonic crypt disruption, inflammation, increased proliferation of epithelial cells and occurrence of low- and high-grade dysplasia, recognized as precancerous lesions of CRC. These observations suggest a major role for cyclin A2 in the regulation of normal colon homeostasis and tumor initiation. Further analysis revealed an increased proportion of DNA damage and aberrant activation of β-catenin, commonly detected in human patients with CRC and which are considered as the first occurring alterations in this pathology. Furthermore, we detected elevated expression of NFkB and YAP1 in the colons of cyclin A2 mutant mice, pathways that have been previously shown to play critical roles for tissue regeneration after tissue damage and to drive dedifferentiation of colonic epithelial cells thus contributing to tumorigenesis. Finally, cyclin A2 mutant mice were subjected to a modified colitis-associated CRC model and developed increased proportion of inflammation, but also dysplasia and adenocarcinomas, in size and numbers, suggesting that loss of cyclin A2 contributes to inflammation-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice
Sutter, Thomas. „Bedeutung der Cycline für die kolorektale Karzinogenese“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969432976.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleLapasset, Laure. „Régulation de la traduction de la cycline B durant la maturation ovocytaire chez l'étoile de mer“. Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T013.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleJoubès, Jérôme. „Contribution à l'étude du développement précoce du fruit de tomate Lycopersicon esculentum Mill : rôle des gènes du cycle cellulaire dans le contrôle de l'organogé̀nèse du fruit“. Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR28705.
Der volle Inhalt der QuellePratt, M. J. „Cyclides in geometric modelling“. Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305474.
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