Zeitschriftenartikel: „Cycle dynamic“

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Kapon, Sam. „Dynamic Amnesty Programs“. American Economic Review 112, Nr. 12 (01.12.2022): 4041–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20211428.

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A regulator faces a stream of agents engaged in crimes with stochastic returns. The regulator designs an amnesty program, committing to a time path of punishments for criminals who report their crimes. In an optimal program, time variation in the returns from crime can generate time variation in the generosity of amnesty. I construct an optimal time path and show that it exhibits amnesty cycles. Amnesty becomes increasingly generous over time until it hits a bound, after which the cycle resets. Agents engaged in high return crime report at the end of each cycle, while agents engaged in low return crime report always. (JEL D82, D86, K42)

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Massardo, Aristide. „High-Efficiency Solar Dynamic Space Power Generation System“. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 113, Nr. 3 (01.08.1991): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930484.

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Space power technologies have undergone significant advances over the past few years, and great emphasis is being placed on the development of dynamic power systems at this time. A design study has been conducted to evaluate the applicability of a combined cycle concept—closed Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle coupling—for solar dynamic space power generation systems. In the concept presented here (solar dynamic combined cycle), the waste heat rejected by the closed Brayton cycle working fluid is utilized to heat the organic working fluid of an organic Rankine cycle system. This allows the solar dynamic combined cycle efficiency to be increased compared to the efficiencies of two subsystems (closed Brayton cycle and organic fluid cycle). Also, for small-size space power systems (up to 50 kW), the efficiency of the solar dynamic combined cycle can be comparable with Stirling engine performance. The closed Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle designs are based on a great deal of maturity assessed in much previous work on terrestrial and solar dynamic power systems. This is not yet true for the Stirling cycles. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the performance of the new space power generation system (solar dynamic combined cycle). The significant benefits of the solar dynamic combined cycle concept such as efficiency increase, mass reduction, specific area—collector and radiator—reduction, are presented and discussed for a low earth orbit space station application.

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Anthony, Michael Scopatz. „Nonjudgmental Dynamic Fuel Cycle Benchmarking“. Nuclear Technology 195, Nr. 3 (September 2016): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt15-153.

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Barras, R., und D. Ferguson. „Dynamic Modelling of the Building Cycle: 2. Empirical Results“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, Nr. 4 (April 1987): 493–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190493.

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This paper is a presentation of the results of the third stage of a project designed to investigate the incidence and causes of postwar building cycles in the British economy. In the first stage spectral analysis was used to identify the main postwar cycles in each sector of building (industrial, commercial, and residential); the second stage involved the development of a theoretical framework suitable for dynamic modelling of these cycles; and the third stage was concerned with estimating the best time-series model for each cycle. The estimated models demonstrate the presence of both an endogenous supply-side mechanism creating major building cycles of up to nine years' duration, and the exogenous influence of business-cycle fluctuations within user and investment submarkets which are transmitted via the demand for property into short building cycles of four to five years duration. In addition, the models demonstrate how the building cycle in each sector may be influenced by other factors, such as development costs and property rents and values.

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Shlufman, K. V., G. P. Neverova und E. Ya Frisman. „Phase Multistability of Dynamics Modes of the Ricker Model with Periodic Malthusian Parameter“. Mathematical Biology and Bioinformatics 13, Nr. 1 (24.04.2018): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17537/2018.13.68.

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The paper investigates the phase multistability of dynamical modes of the Ricker model with 2-year periodic Malthusian parameter. It is shown that both the variable perturbation and the phase shift of the Malthusian parameter can lead to a phase shift or a change in the dynamic mode observed. The possibility of switches between different dynamic modes is due to multistability, since the model has two different stable 2-cycles. The first stable 2-cycle is the result of transcritical bifurcation and is synchronous to the oscillations of the Malthusian parameter. The second stable 2-cycle arises as a result of the tangent bifurcation and is asynchronous to the oscillations of the Malthusian parameter. This indicates that two-year fluctuations in the population size can be both synchronous and asynchronous to the fluctuations in the environment. The phase shift of the Malthusian parameter causes a phase shift in the stable 4-cycle of the first bifurcation series to one or even three elements of the 4-cycle. The phase shift to two elements of this 4-cycle is possible due to a change in the half-amplitude of the Malthusian parameter oscillation or the variable perturbation. At the same time, the longer period of the cycle, the more phases with their attraction basins it has, and the smaller the threshold values above which shift from the attraction basin to another one occur. As a result, in the case of cycles with long period (for example, 8-cycle) perturbations, that stable cycles with short period are able to "absorb", can cause different phase transitions, which significantly complicates the dynamics of the model trajectory and, as a consequence, the identification of the dynamic mode observed.

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Adobor, Henry. „Supply chain resilience: an adaptive cycle approach“. International Journal of Logistics Management 31, Nr. 3 (10.08.2020): 443–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-01-2020-0019.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for extending an understanding of resilience in complex adaptive system (CAS) such as supply chains using the adaptive cycle framework. The adaptive cycle framework may help explain change and the long term dynamics and resilience in supply chain networks. Adaptive cycles assume that dynamic systems such as supply chain networks go through stages of growth, development, collapse and reorientation. Adaptive cycles suggest that the resilience of a complex adaptive system such as supply chains are not fixed but expand and contract over time and resilience requires such systems to navigate each of the cycles’ four stages successfully.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses the adaptive cycle framework to explain supply chain resilience (SCRES). It explores the phases of the adaptive cycle, its pathologies and key properties and links these to competences and behaviors that are important for system and SCRES. The study develops a conceptual framework linking adaptive cycles to SCRES. The goal is to extend dynamic theories of SCRES by borrowing from the adaptive cycle framework. We review the literature on the adaptive cycle framework, its properties and link these to SCRES.FindingsThe key insight is that the adaptive cycle concept can broaden our understanding of SCRES beyond focal scales, including cross-scale resilience. As a framework, the adaptive cycle can explain the mechanisms that support or prevent resilience in supply chains. Adaptive cycles may also give us new insights into the sort of competences required to avoid stagnation, promote system renewal as resilience expands and contracts over time.Research limitations/implicationsThe adaptive cycle may move our discussion of resilience beyond engineering and ecological resilience to include evolutionary resilience. While the first two presently dominates our theorizing on SCRES, evolutionary resilience may be more insightful than both are. Adaptive cycles capture the idea of change, adaptation and transformation and allow us to explore cross-scale resilience.Practical implicationsKnowing how to prepare for and overcoming key pathologies associated with each stage of the adaptive cycle can broaden our repertoire of strategies for managing SCRES across time. Human agency is important for preventing systems from crossing critical thresholds into imminent collapse. More importantly, disruptions may present an opportunity for innovation and renewal for building more resilience supply chains.Originality/valueThis research is one of the few studies that have applied the adaptive cycle concept to SCRES and extends our understanding of the dynamic structure of SCRES

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Ramasamy, Manikandan, Jacob S. Wilson, William J. McCroskey und Preston B. Martin. „Characterizing Cycle-to-Cycle Variations in Dynamic Stall Measurements“. Journal of the American Helicopter Society 63, Nr. 2 (01.04.2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.63.022002.

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Basu, Sukanta, Jean-François Vinuesa und Andrew Swift. „Dynamic LES Modeling of a Diurnal Cycle“. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, Nr. 4 (01.04.2008): 1156–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1677.1.

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Abstract The diurnally varying atmospheric boundary layer observed during the Wangara (Australia) case study is simulated using the recently proposed locally averaged scale-dependent dynamic subgrid-scale (SGS) model. This tuning-free SGS model enables one to dynamically compute the Smagorinsky coefficient and the subgrid-scale Prandtl number based on the local dynamics of the resolved velocity and temperature fields. It is shown that this SGS-model-based large-eddy simulation (LES) has the ability to faithfully reproduce the characteristics of observed atmospheric boundary layers even with relatively coarse resolutions. In particular, the development, magnitude, and location of an observed nocturnal low-level jet are depicted quite well. Some well-established empirical formulations (e.g., mixed layer scaling, spectral scaling) are recovered with good accuracy by this SGS parameterization. The application of this new-generation dynamic SGS modeling approach is also briefly delineated to address several practical wind-energy-related issues.

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Mansour, F. M., A. M. Abdul Aziz, S. M. Abdel-Ghany und H. M. El-shaer. „Combined cycle dynamics“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 217, Nr. 3 (01.01.2003): 247–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095765003322066484.

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A mathematical model describing the dynamic behaviour of each major component of the combined cycle is presented. The formulae are deduced from continuity, momentum, energy, and state equations. Partial differential equations (PDEs) are discretized to algebraic equations by using the implicit backward-central finite difference scheme and then solved by iteration. Explicit-Euler's integration method is applied to other differential equations (DEs). A multi-element control system is implemented to investigate its effect on the combined cycle's dynamic response. The simulation results are compared with the design and steady-state operational data of the unit number 4 in Cairo South Combined Cycle Power Plant, showing good agreement. The dynamic results prove the effectiveness of the multi-element control strategy to control the combined cycle plant with fast settling time, neglected steady-state error, and moderate overshoot or undershoot while assuring a stable operation under sudden changes of load.

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Li, Xiao-Lin, Jing Yan und Xiaohui Wei. „Dynamic connectedness among monetary policy cycle, financial cycle and business cycle in China“. Economic Analysis and Policy 69 (März 2021): 640–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.01.014.

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Pu, Qingsong, Junhong Huang, Fuling Zeng, Yi Luo, Xinping Li, Jixue Zhou und Shilong Zheng. „Study on Long-Term Dynamic Mechanical Properties and Degradation Law of Sandstone under Freeze-Thaw Cycle“. Shock and Vibration 2020 (16.07.2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8827169.

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This study is based on the tunnel-face slope engineering of Dongfeng tunnel in Shanxi section of China’s Shuozhou-Huanghua Railway. The sandstone specimens in the perennial freeze-thaw zone of the slope were collected to carry out freeze-thaw cycle static physical mechanics test and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) dynamic mechanical test. Thus, the damage process of sandstone under freeze-thaw cycle and impact load is studied. Also, the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of sandstone are analysed under different loading strain rates and freeze-thaw cycle based on LS-DYNA, a dynamic finite element program. The results showed that the dynamic compressive strength of sandstone subjected to multiple freeze-thaw cycles under 0.04 MPa air pressure has a greater damage ratio than that under 0.055 MPa and 0.07 MPa air pressure, which was more likely to cause damage to slope sandstone than in actual engineering; the dynamic compressive strength and elastic modulus of sandstone decrease greatly within a certain range of freeze-thaw cycles and loading strain rate, leading to significant deterioration. When the freeze-thaw cycle exceeded 200 times and the strain rate was greater than 200 s−1, the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone gradually tended to be stable.

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Zhijian, Wang, Zhou Shujie, Yao Qinmei, Wang Yijia und Pan Gang. „Dynamic Structure in a Four-strategy Game: Theory and Experiment“. Contributions to Game Theory and Management 15 (2022): 365–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu31.2022.26.

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Game dynamics theory, as any field of science, the consistency between theory and experiment is essential. In the past 10 years, important progress has been made in the merging of the theory and experiment in this field, in which dynamics cycle is the presentation. However, the achievement failed to eliminate the constraints of the Euclidean two-dimensional cycle. This paper uses a classic four-strategy game to study the dynamic structure (non-Euclidean superplane cycle). The consistency is in significant between the three ways: (1) analytical results from evolutionary dynamics equations, (2) agent-based simulation results from learning models and (3) laboratory results from human subjects game experiments. The consistency suggests that, the game dynamic structure could be quantitatively predictable, observable, and controllable in general.

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Melnikov, Alexey. „Agent-based modeling of the sleep-wake cycle“. Artificial societies 18, Nr. 2 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207751800024523-4.

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This study presents a circadian rhythm model. Specificity of such model is in consideration of the dynamic of two hormones and a neuromediator. Such an approach was taken due to the fact that circadian rhythms dynamics are largely expressed by cyclic quantity alteration of adenosine, cortisole and melatonin throughout the day. External factors effects were explored and their influence was imitated in the model. External factors influence on hormone's dynamic was analysed. Decision making assistance algorithm of external factors usage in correcting quantities of adenosine,cortisole and melatonin, was developed.

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Hu, Shixi. „The Existence and Stability of Limit Cycle of Some Special Types of 2D Autonomous Dynamic Systems“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 72 (15.12.2023): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/md6sd442.

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This article is focusing on the problem about limit cycles of 2D autonomous dynamics, which is a part of the famous Hilbert’s 16th problem. There are mainly three results on this paper. The first two results discuss the cases with sum of squares of the variables. Through polar substitution and the mathematics analysis on the explicit limit cycle obtained by Cramer’s Rule, the first result reveals the uniqueness and stability of the limit cycle of a specific form for 2D autonomous dynamic system. For the second part of the results, by changing the coefficients of the system of the first result, it is found that the stability of limit cycle remains unchanged on the phase portrait. The third part gives a special polynomial with terms of general odd degrees for Liénard equation, which can be rewritten as a case of 2D autonomous dynamic system. Without explicit expression of the limit cycle, the Poincaré–Bendixson method and the Liénard theorem help to give the conclusion on both uniqueness and stability of this system.

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Koski, Pauli, Jaana Viitakangas und Jari Ihonen. „Dynamic Load Cycle Effects on PEMFC Stack CO Tolerance under Fuel Recirculation and Periodic Purge“. Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, Nr. 1 (01.01.2022): 014507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac439c.

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This work presents first experimental evidence on the effects of dynamic load cycle on PEM fuel cell system CO tolerance, a topic which to date has not been comprehensively investigated. The experiments were performed with a 1 kW fuel cell system employing components, design, and operation conditions corresponding to automotive applications. To distinguish between the load cycle and other factors affecting the CO tolerance, the experiments were repeated with static and dynamic load cycles, as well as with pure and CO contaminated fuel. The measurement data showed that dynamic load cycle improves the CO tolerance in comparison to static load with the same average current density. Moreover, the cell voltage deviation data indicated that the difference could be explained by higher electrochemical CO oxidation rate under the dynamic load cycle. These results allow us to estimate the effect of the load cycle on CO tolerance and understand its origins, thus giving valuable input for fuel quality standardization and fuel cell system development work.

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Yan, Xin, Zhigang Zhou, Yingjia Fang, Chongsen Ma und Guangtao Yu. „Study on the Effect of Hot and Humid Environmental Factors on the Mechanical Properties of Asphalt Concrete“. Materials 17, Nr. 20 (10.10.2024): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17204942.

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To investigate the effect of hot and humid environmental factors on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures research, in this paper, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures under the effects of aging, dry–wet cycling, and coupled effects of aging and dry–wet cycling were measured by the simple performance tester (SPT) system, and the dynamic modulus principal curves were fitted based on the sigmoidal function. The results show that under the aging effect, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixture increases with the aging degree; the dynamic modulus of short-term aged, medium-term aged, long-term aged, and ultra-long-term aged asphalt mixtures increased by 9.3%, 26.4%, 44.8%, and 57%, respectively, compared to unaged asphalt mixtures at 20 °C and 10 Hz; the high-temperature stability performance is enhanced, and the low temperature cracking resistance performance is enhanced; under the dry–wet cycle, the aging effect of asphalt water is more obvious in the early stage, and dynamic modulus of resilience of the mixture is slightly increased. In the long-term wet–dry cycle process, water on the asphalt and aggregate erosion increased, the structural bearing capacity attenuation, and the dynamic modulus of rebound greatly reduced at 20 °C and 10 Hz. For example, the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures with seven wet and dry cycles increased by 3% compared to asphalt mixtures without wet and dry cycles, and the dynamic modulus of asphalt mixtures with 14 cycles of wet and dry cycles and 21 cycles of wet and dry cycles decreased by 10.8% and 16.5%, respectively, compared to asphalt mixtures without wet and dry cycles. The main curve as a whole shifted downward; the high-temperature performance decreased significantly; in the aging wet–dry cycle coupling, the aging asphalt mixture is more susceptible to water erosion, and the first wet–dry cycle after the mix by the degree of water erosion is relatively small, along with the dynamic modulus of rebound. The dynamic modulus of resilience is relatively larger, and the high-temperature performance is relatively better, while the low-temperature performance is worse.

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Wang, Ning, und Maryna Murdock. „A dynamic model of an insurer: loss shocks, capacity constraints and underwriting cycles“. Journal of Risk Finance 20, Nr. 1 (21.01.2019): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-03-2018-0051.

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Purpose This paper aims to revisit the assumption of the cyclicality of the property-liability insurance market and identify a scenario in which the so-called underwriting cycles are unpredictable, according to a dynamic cash flow model which generates non-cyclical output dynamics. Design/methodology/approach This paper is on the intersection of real business cycle models and financial cycles. The authors construct a dynamic model of an insurer’s cash flows with stochastic loss shocks and capacity constraints, in which loss shocks have a dual impact on both underwriting profits and access to external capital. They simulate the insurer’s optimal output responses to loss shocks, including output movements in underwriting coverage and external capital, to explore the source of unpredictable underwriting cycles through linear quadratic approximation in the model economy. Findings The authors find that the effect of loss shocks on the insurer’s cash flows could spread out and amplify over time because of the dynamic interaction between its underwriting capability and ability to raise external capital. This dynamic interaction can generate a non-cyclical pattern of changes in underwriting coverage and access to external capital in the benchmark economy. Applied to different experimental economies, the simulation results reveal that the determinants of the level of output fluctuations include the size of loss shocks, the sensitivity of capital market to loss shocks and the tightness of capital market. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has been no attempt to study insurance output cyclicality with a dynamic cash flow model based upon the real business cycle literature, in which the dynamic interaction between underwriting and access to external capital because of loss shocks has an amplifying effect on output markets. This paper contributes to the current body of research by being able to simulate and show the insurance output dynamics resulting from the amplifying effect under capacity constraints.

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Damiola, Luca, Mark C. Runacres und Tim De Troyer. „The challenge of cycle-to-cycle variability in dynamic stall modelling“. Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2767, Nr. 5 (01.06.2024): 052007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2767/5/052007.

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Abstract This research explores cycle-to-cycle variability in dynamic stall through wind tunnel experiments conducted on a pitching NACA 0018 aerofoil at a Reynolds number of 2.8×105. Multiple cycles are considered, and different clusters are identified based on inspection of the lift time series. Experiments reveal that the blind application of a conventional phase-averaging approach can produce inadequate results, which do not represent the underlying physics; instead, it is recommended to analyse each cycle individually and use a clustering approach. The available wind tunnel measurements are employed to build two distinct aerodynamic models, i.e. a semi-empirical Goman-Khrabrov dynamic stall model and a purely data-driven model based on artificial neural networks. The work highlights that cycle-to-cycle variability in dynamic stall represents a huge challenge from a modelling perspective. The Goman-Khrabrov model cannot capture the bifurcations in the data, while the more sophisticated data-driven model is accurate but prone to instability. The paper proposes to enhance the accuracy of the models by dynamically assimilating experimental measurements using an Extended Kalman Filter. Results demonstrate that this methodology represents a valuable and versatile tool, which allows to effectively combine imperfect model predictions with experimental observations.

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Ito, Hiroshi, Hiroshi Tsukube und Satoshi Shinoda. „A chirality rewriting cycle mediated by a dynamic cyclen–calcium complex“. Chemical Communications 48, Nr. 89 (2012): 10954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc35350d.

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Trunova, Helen. „DYNAMIC MODEL OF LIFE CYCLE COMPETENCE“. TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOG IES, Nr. 1(7) (2017): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2017-1(7)-147-153.

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Carrillo, M. „Growth, Life Cycle and Dynamic Modelling“. Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 9, Nr. 2 (01.06.2003): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/mcmd.9.2.121.16518.

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Woods, G., L. Day, R. Withers, A. Ilsley und B. Maxwell. „The Dynamic Calibration of Cycle Ergometers“. International Journal of Sports Medicine 15, Nr. 04 (Mai 1994): 168–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021041.

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Busigin, A., und P. Gierszewski. „CFTSIM-ITER dynamic fuel cycle model“. Fusion Engineering and Design 39-40 (September 1998): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-3796(98)00222-1.

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Fujita, Takuo. „Dynamic life cycle of parathyroid hormone“. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism 7, Nr. 2 (August 1989): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02911526.

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Schrader, Jared M., Gene-Wei Li, W. Seth Childers, Adam M. Perez, Jonathan S. Weissman, Lucy Shapiro und Harley H. McAdams. „Dynamic translation regulation inCaulobactercell cycle control“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, Nr. 44 (17.10.2016): E6859—E6867. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1614795113.

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Progression of theCaulobactercell cycle requires temporal and spatial control of gene expression, culminating in an asymmetric cell division yielding distinct daughter cells. To explore the contribution of translational control, RNA-seq and ribosome profiling were used to assay global transcription and translation levels of individual genes at six times over the cell cycle. Translational efficiency (TE) was used as a metric for the relative rate of protein production from each mRNA. TE profiles with similar cell cycle patterns were found across multiple clusters of genes, including those in operons or in subsets of operons. Collections of genes associated with central cell cycle functional modules (e.g., biosynthesis of stalk, flagellum, or chemotaxis machinery) have consistent but different TE temporal patterns, independent of their operon organization. Differential translation of operon-encoded genes facilitates precise cell cycle-timing for the dynamic assembly of multiprotein complexes, such as the flagellum and the stalk and the correct positioning of regulatory proteins to specific cell poles. The cell cycle-regulatory pathways that produce specific temporal TE patterns are separate from—but highly coordinated with—the transcriptional cell cycle circuitry, suggesting that the scheduling of translational regulation is organized by the same cyclical regulatory circuit that directs the transcriptional control of theCaulobactercell cycle.

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Choudhury, Balaji Kr, R. K. Sahoo und Sunil Kr Sarangi. „Dynamic simulation of modified claude cycle“. Indian Journal of Cryogenics 40, Nr. 1 (2015): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2015.00009.6.

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Wei, Li, Han, Han, Wang, Zhang und Chen. „Experimental Research on Deformation Characteristics of Using Silty Clay Modified Oil Shale Ash and Fly Ash as the Subgrade Material after Freeze-Thaw Cycles“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 18 (19.09.2019): 5141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185141.

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To achieve the purposes of disposing industry solid wastes and enhancing the sustainability of subgrade life-cycle service performance in seasonally frozen regions compared to previous research of modified silty clay (MSC) composed of oil shale ash (OSA), fly ash (FA), and silty clay (SC), we identified for the first time the axial deformation characteristics of MSC with different levels of cycle load number, dynamic stress ratio, confining pressure, loading frequency, and F-T cycles; and corresponding to the above conditions, the normalized and logarithmic models on the plastic cumulative strain prediction of MSC are established. For the effect of cycle load number, results show that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC after 1, 10, and 100 cycle loads occupies for 28.72%~35.31%, 49.86%~55.59%, and 70.87%~78.39% of those after 8000 cycle loads, indicating that MSC possesses remarkable plastic stability after 100 cycles of cycle loads. For the effect of dynamic stress ratio, confining pressure, loading frequency, and F-T cycles, results show that dynamic stress ratio and F-T cycles are important factors affecting the axial deformation of MSC after repeated cycle loads; and under the low dynamic stress ratio, increasing confining pressure and loading frequency have insignificant effect on the axial strain of MSC after 8000 loads. In term of the normalized and logarithmic models on the plastic cumulative strain prediction of MSC, they have a high correlation coefficient with testing data, and according to the above models, the predicted result shows that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC ranges from 0.38 cm to 2.71 cm, and these predicted values are within the requirements in the related standards of highway subgrades and railway, indicating that the cumulative plastic strain of MSC is small and MSC is suitable to be used as the subgrade materials.

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Sihaloho, Martua, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Rilus A. Kinseng und Sediono M. P. Tjondronegoro. „International Migration, Livelihood Strategy, and Poverty Cycle“. Journal of Sustainable Development 9, Nr. 4 (30.07.2016): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p113.

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Poverty drove Indonesian poor households (e.g. their family members) to find other livelihoods. One popular choice is becoming an international migrant. This paper describes and analyzes the change in agrarian structure which causes dynamics in agrarian poverty. The study uses qualitative approach and constructivism paradigm. Research results showed that even if migration was dominated by farmer households from lower social class; it also served as livelihood strategy for middle and upper social classes. Improved economics brought dynamics on social reality. The dynamic accesses to agrarian resources consist of (1) horizontal social mobility (means that they stay in their previous social class); (2) vertical social mobility in the form of social climbing; low to middle class, low to upper class, and middle class to upper class; and, (3) vertical social mobility in the form of social sinking: upper class to middle class, upper class to lower class, and middle class to lower class. The dynamic in social classes indicates the presence of agrarian poverty cycle, they are social climbing and sinking.

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Sun, Zhenxing, Rongchang Wang, Zhongnian Yang, Jianhang Lv, Wei Shi und Xianzhang Ling. „Dynamic Behavior of Rubber Fiber-Reinforced Expansive Soil under Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles“. Polymers 16, Nr. 19 (04.10.2024): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16192817.

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Large volumes of waste tires are generated due to the rapid growth of the transportation industry. An effective method of recycling waste tires is needed. Using rubber from tires to improve problematic soils has become a research topic. In this paper, the dynamic response of rubber fiber-reinforced expansive soil under freeze–thaw cycles is investigated. Dynamic triaxial tests were carried out on rubber fiber-reinforced expansive soil subjected to freeze–thaw cycles. The results showed that with the increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles, the dynamic stress amplitude and dynamic elastic modulus of rubber fiber-reinforced expansive soils first decrease and then increase, and the damping ratio first increases and then decreases, all of which reach the turning point at the 6th freeze–thaw cycle. The dynamic stress amplitude and dynamic elastic modulus decreased by 59.4% and 52.2%, respectively, while the damping ratio increased by 99.8% at the 6th freeze–thaw cycle. The linear visco-elastic model was employed to describe the hysteretic curve of rubber fiber-reinforced expansive soil. The elastic modulus of the linear elastic element and the viscosity coefficient of the linear viscous element first decrease and then increase with the increase in the number of freeze–thaw cycles; all reach the minimum value at the 6th freeze–thaw cycle. The dynamic stress–dynamic strain curve calculation method is established based on the hyperbolic model and linear visco-elastic model, and the verification shows that the effect is better. The research findings provide guidance for the improvement of expansive soil in seasonally frozen regions.

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Su, Shu, Jingyi Ju, Yujie Ding, Jingfeng Yuan und Peng Cui. „A Comprehensive Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment Model: Considering Temporally and Spatially Dependent Variations“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, Nr. 21 (27.10.2022): 14000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114000.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely-used international environmental evaluation and management method. However, the conventional LCA is in a static context without temporal and spatial variations considered, which fails to bring accurate evaluation values and hinders practical applications. Dynamic LCA research has developed vigorously in the past decade and become a hot topic. However, systematical analysis of spatiotemporal dynamic variations and comprehensive operable dynamic models are still lacking. This study follows LCA paradigm and incorporates time- and space-dependent variations to establish a spatiotemporal dynamic LCA model. The dynamic changes are classified into four types: dynamic foreground elementary flows, dynamic background system, dynamic characterization factors, and dynamic weighting factors. Their potential dynamics and possible quantification methods are analyzed. The dynamic LCA model is applied to a residential building, and significant differences can be observed between dynamic and static assessment results from both temporal and spatial perspectives. This study makes a theoretical contribution by establishing a comprehensive dynamic model with both temporal and spatial variations involved. It is expected to provide practical values for LCA practitioners and help with decision-making and environmental management.

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Parker, Philip M. „Price Elasticity Dynamics over the Adoption Life Cycle“. Journal of Marketing Research 29, Nr. 3 (August 1992): 358–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900306.

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Little empirical research has been conducted to test the dynamic behavior of elasticities over the product life cycle. Competing specifications of price elasticity dynamics are examined to test the prevailing hypothesis that elasticities increase over the adoption life cycle or diffusion process. Though not supporting the hypothesis, the empirical results suggest that certain factors, including the degree to which a product is a necessity and faces competitive substitutes, affect elasticity dynamics.

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Liu, Hui, Xunming Li, Weida Wang, Lijin Han, Huibin Xin und Changle Xiang. „Adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy for four-wheel drive hybrid electric vehicles“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, Nr. 12 (12.12.2018): 3125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018816564.

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An adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy for a four-wheel drive plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is proposed in this paper. The equivalent factors of adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy are optimised offline based on ISIGHT software over several typical driving cycles, which is integrated with AVL CRUISE and MATLAB/Simulink. To update the equivalent factor adaptively according to the predictive velocity, a neural network-based optimal equivalent factor prediction model is built, which can be used online. The torque distribution strategy considering axle load based on energy management strategy optimisation results and the vehicle dynamics control distribution is proposed: this includes two-wheel drive torque distribution, four-wheel drive torque distribution and brake torque distribution. The proposed energy management strategy is verified in New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonised Light Vehicle Test Cycle driving patterns, and the simulation results show that the fuel economy of adaptive equivalent consumption minimisation strategy and dynamic control allocation-based optimal power management strategy is improved by 8.84% and 7.52% in New European Driving Cycle and Worldwide harmonised Light Vehicle Test Cycle, respectively, compared with the benchmark algorithm-based strategy.

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Vámosi, Attila, Levente Czégé und Imre Kocsis. „Comparison of bus driving cycles elaborated for vehicle dynamic simulation“. International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering 12, Nr. 1 (20.03.2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1848.2020.00153.

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AbstractDue to the technological progress, new approaches such as model-based design are spreading in the development process in the automotive industry to meet the increased requirements related to lower fuel consumption and reduced emission. This work is part of a research project which focuses on dynamic modeling of vehicles aimed at analyzing and optimizing the emission and fuel consumption. To model the driver behavior, the simulation control algorithm requires a predetermined speed-time curve as an input. The completeness of this driving cycle is a crucial factor in the simulation, and as far as the legislative driving cycles are not accurate enough, it is indispensable to develop our own one representing our narrower area and driving conditions. This article considers two common drive cycle design methods, comparing the micro-trip-based approach and the Markov-chain approach. The new driving cycle has been developed applying the Markov-chain approach and compared to a driving cycle introduced in our recent paper using the micro-trip method. The comparison basis is the Speed-Acceleration Probability Distribution, which sufficiently reflects the dynamic behavior of the vehicle, and the root mean square error, including parameters such as the average speed, average cruising speed, average acceleration, average deceleration, root mean square acceleration, and idle time percentage. The representative Bus Driving Cycle for Debrecen is prepared to be applied in the vehicle dynamics simulation for evaluating and improving the fuel economy of vehicles, selecting the proper power source for various applications and the optimization of the powertrain and the energy consumption in researches to be continued.

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Ma, He, Hong-Ming Xu und Ji-Hong Wang. „Real-time control oriented HCCI engine cycle-to-cycle dynamic modelling“. International Journal of Automation and Computing 8, Nr. 3 (August 2011): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11633-011-0587-z.

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35

Barras, R., und D. Ferguson. „Dynamic Modelling of the Building Cycle: 1. Theoretical Framework“. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, Nr. 3 (März 1987): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190353.

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The paper is a report on the second stage of a project designed to investigate the incidence and causes of postwar building cycles in the British economy. In the first stage spectral analysis was used to identify the main postwar cycles in each sector of building (industrial, commercial, and residential), and the second stage has been concerned with the development of a theoretical framework suitable for dynamic modelling of these cycles. The modelling framework incorporates both an endogenous cyclical mechanism of the type used in accelerator models of investment, to reflect the long production lags in building activity, and the exogenous influence on the building cycle of variations in economic factors such as gross domestic product and interest rates. The modelling technique used to formulate the theoretical framework is based upon a transfer-function model of the Box–Jenkins type, incorporating an error-correction mechanism to reproduce the short-run dynamics and long-run equilibrium relationships between the variables. The third stage empirical results of the model-building exercise are reported in a separate paper.

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Bashkirtseva, Irina, und Lev Ryashko. „Stochastic Bifurcations and Noise-Induced Chaos in a Dynamic Prey–Predator Plankton System“. International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 24, Nr. 09 (September 2014): 1450109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127414501090.

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We consider the stochastic Truscott–Brindley dynamical model of the interacting populations of prey and predator. We study a new phenomenon of the stochastic cycle splitting. In a zone of Canard cycles, using the stochastic sensitivity function technique, we find a critical value of the parameter corresponding to the supersensitive cycle. In the neighborhood of this critical value, a comparative parametrical analysis of the phenomenon of the stochastic cycle splitting is performed. It is shown that the bifurcation of the stochastic cycle splitting is accompanied by the noise-induced chaotization.

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Khmeleva, Galina A., Valeriy K. Semenychev und Anastasiya A. Korobetskaya. „REGIONAL INDUSTRY CYCLES AND RESILIENCE OF THE REGION'S ECONOMY“. Vestnik of Samara University. Economics and Management 11, Nr. 3 (04.11.2020): 190–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0461-2020-11-3-190-202.

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The growth and reduction of cycle times is a characteristic feature of modern economy. Increasingly, cyclical factor is cause of imbalance and violation of global and national economies stability. However, the question of regional industry cycles asynchrony has not been studied. It was previously believed that the regional industry cycle, its stages of growth and decline, is consistent with the national one. The work shows that it is precisely the asynchrony of regional industrial cycles that underlies imbalance and reduces stability of country's economic development. The study presented by the authors expands boundaries of understanding the laws of recessions and upswings in industry cycles, since it reveals the causes and consequences of asynchronism of industry cycles in Russian regions. Terminologically, the regional sectoral cycle should be interpreted as a dynamic process of fluctuations in economic activity within life cycle of industry, characterized by repeatability of successive stages of decline and rise in the region's industry. The authors developed a classification of main parameters of regional industry cycle according to their cyclic properties, including leading, lagging and coinciding indicators of the cycle dynamics. A generalization of scientific and methodological approaches to industry cycles as a risk factor for sustainable and balanced development of regions is presented. The causes and consequences of regional sectoral cycles for the sustainability of regional economy are determined. The measures proposed for regional authorities to prevent the negative consequences of phase shift of sectoral regional cycle will be of practical importance.

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Smith, Samuel, Paul W. Staten und Jian Lu. „How Moist and Dry Intrusions Control the Local Hydrologic Cycle in Present and Future Climates“. Journal of Climate 34, Nr. 11 (Juni 2021): 4343–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0780.1.

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AbstractModels disagree on how much the hydrologic cycle could intensify under climate change. These changes are expected to scale with the Clausius–Clapeyron relation but may locally diverge due in part to the uncertain response of the general circulation, causing the hydrologic cycle to inherit this uncertainty. To identify how the circulation contributes, we link circulation changes to changes in the higher moments of the hydrologic cycle using the novel dynamical framework of the local hydrologic cycle, the portion of the hydrologic cycle driven by moist or dry intrusions. We expand this dynamical framework, developing a closed budget that diagnoses thermodynamic, advective, and overturning contributions to future hydrologic cycle changes. In analyzing these changes for the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble, we show that overturning is the main dynamic contributor to the tropical and subtropical annual response, consistent with a weakening of this circulation. In the extratropics, we show that advective contributions, likely from storm track changes, dominate the response. We achieve a cleaner separation between dynamic and thermodynamic contributions through a semiempirical scaling, which reveals the robustness of the Clausius–Clapeyron scaling for the local hydrologic cycle. This scaling also demonstrates the slowing of the local hydrologic cycle and how changing subtropical dynamics asymmetrically impact wave breaking and suppress meridional moisture transport. We conclude that dynamic changes in the subtropics are predominantly responsible for the annual, dynamic response in the extratropics and thus a significant contributor to uncertainty in future projections.

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Câmara, Fernando Portela, Ana Luisa Bessa Bacellar Gomes, Luiz Max Fagundes de Carvalho und Luiz Gustavo Veloso Castello. „Dynamic behavior of sylvatic yellow fever in Brazil (1954-2008)“. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, Nr. 3 (29.04.2011): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011005000024.

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INTRODUCTION: Sylvatic yellow fever (SYF) is enzootic in Brazil, causing periodic outbreaks in humans living near forest borders or in rural areas. In this study, the cycling patterns of this arbovirosis were analyzed. METHODS: Spectral Fourier analysis was used to capture the periodicity patterns of SYF in time series. RESULTS: SYF outbreaks have not increased in frequency, only in the number of cases. There are two dominant cycles in SYF outbreaks, a seven year cycle for the central-western region and a 14 year cycle for the northern region. Most of the variance was concentrated in the central-western region and dominated the entire endemic region. CONCLUSIONS: The seven year cycle is predominant in the endemic region of the disease due the greater contribution of variance in the central-western region; however, it was possible identify a 14 cycle that governs SYF outbreaks in the northern region. No periodicities were identified for the remaining geographical regions.

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Li, Linhui, Haiyang Huang, Jing Lian, Baozhen Yao, Yafu Zhou, Jing Chang und Ning’an Zheng. „Research of Ant Colony Optimized Adaptive Control Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicle“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/239130.

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Energy management control strategy of hybrid electric vehicle has a great influence on the vehicle fuel consumption with electric motors adding to the traditional vehicle power system. As vehicle real driving cycles seem to be uncertain, the dynamic driving cycles will have an impact on control strategy’s energy-saving effect. In order to better adapt the dynamic driving cycles, control strategy should have the ability to recognize the real-time driving cycle and adaptively adjust to the corresponding off-line optimal control parameters. In this paper, four types of representative driving cycles are constructed based on the actual vehicle operating data, and a fuzzy driving cycle recognition algorithm is proposed for online recognizing the type of actual driving cycle. Then, based on the equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy, an ant colony optimization algorithm is utilized to search the optimal control parameters “charge and discharge equivalent factors” for each type of representative driving cycle. At last, the simulation experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed fuzzy recognition algorithm and the validity of the designed control strategy optimization method.

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Gosala, Dheeraj B., Cody M. Allen, Gregory M. Shaver, Lisa Farrell, Edward Koeberlein, Brian Franke, Dale Stretch und James McCarthy. „Dynamic cylinder activation in diesel engines“. International Journal of Engine Research 20, Nr. 8-9 (19.06.2018): 849–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087418779937.

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Cylinder deactivation has been recently demonstrated to have fuel savings and aftertreatment thermal management benefits at low to moderate loads compared to conventional operation in diesel engines. This study discusses dynamic cylinder activation as an effective variant to fixed diesel engine cylinder deactivation. The set of inactive and active cylinders varies on a cycle-by-cycle basis during dynamic cylinder activation. This enables greater control over forcing frequencies of the engine, thereby allowing the engine to operate away from the drivetrain resonant frequency at all engine speeds, while maintaining similar fuel savings, thermal management, and emission characteristics as fixed cylinder deactivation. Additional benefits of dynamic cylinder activation include a reduction in the consecutive number of cycles a given cylinder is deactivated, and more even cylinder usage. Enablement of engine operation without exciting drivetrain resonant frequencies at similar fuel efficiency and emissions as fixed cylinder deactivation makes dynamic cylinder activation a strong candidate to augment the benefits already demonstrated for fixed cylinder deactivation.

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Assadi, Morteza Khalaji, und Ali Mohammadi. „Simulation of Dynamical Performance of Solar Desiccant Cooling Cycle“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 819 (Januar 2016): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.819.160.

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In this research, solar desiccant cooling cycles in ventilation and hybrid mode are simulated. To simulate cycles, at first a model for desiccant wheel simulation is presented and a computer code based on experimental correlations is used to solve equations. Then by TRNSYS software a model for solar hot water system is simulated, and eventually by representing a suitable algorithm, computer program for simulating solar desiccant cooling cycles by EES software is developed. For all components of desiccant cycle, the dynamic optimum were based on regeneration temperature and solar fraction, and after optimum, dynamic cycle performance in an office building with an area of 115 m2 located in Bushehr city, capacity of cooling 3 ton refrigeration were analyzed. The results show that solar desiccant cooling cycles in comparison with compression refrigeration cycles with 40% saving in energy consumption and also during the day and in office buildings have a better performance.

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Alqaralleh, Huthaifa. „The fiscal policy and the dynamic of the economic cycle“. Journal of Economic Studies 47, Nr. 2 (01.04.2020): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2018-0293.

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PurposeThis study seeks to determine in some detail whether the state of the economic cycle matters in considering the effects of fiscal policy shocks on output.Design/methodology/approachThis issue leads us to two primary objectives: to define the economic cycle measuring the gap with the unobserved component model with a smoother trend, which can be used efficiently to generate gap measures for use in real-time decision-making and avoids the criticisms of measures based on contentious structural models; and to look empirically at the fiscal policy stance over the phases of the cycle, bearing in mind the short time variation and smooth change between the cycle regimes.FindingsThis paper provides evidence that the fiscal policy rule seems to operate with varied coefficients depending on whether the transition variable is below or above the estimated threshold value.Originality/valueThe asymmetric response gives policymakers the impetus to reconsider the fiscal policy framework because of specific circumstances, such as shocks that can dramatically affect the nominal features of the business cycle. Put differently, stable and moderate fiscal policies would at least not contribute to cyclical fluctuations, and therefore would be better than what we have typically experienced. There would, therefore, seem to be a distinct need to address the properties of economic cycles under different fiscal policy rules.

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Husmann, Ricus, und Harald Aschemann. „Dynamic Modeling of a Vapor Compression Cycle“. IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, Nr. 20 (2022): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.148.

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Божков, Анатолий Иванович, und Надежда Дмитриевна Гернет. „Balance dynamic model of the cell cycle“. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, Nr. 4(66) (16.12.2013): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2013.19190.

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El-Saady, W., A. Abd Allah, A. Ibrahim und A. Hussien. „DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF TANK GUN RECOIL CYCLE“. International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 16, Nr. 16 (01.05.2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2014.35481.

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Gilberto, Samuel, und Matthias Peter. „Dynamic ubiquitin signaling in cell cycle regulation“. Journal of Cell Biology 216, Nr. 8 (06.07.2017): 2259–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201703170.

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The cell division cycle is driven by a collection of enzymes that coordinate DNA duplication and separation, ensuring that genomic information is faithfully and perpetually maintained. The activity of the effector proteins that perform and coordinate these biological processes oscillates by regulated expression and/or posttranslational modifications. Ubiquitylation is a cardinal cellular modification and is long known for driving cell cycle transitions. In this review, we emphasize emerging concepts of how ubiquitylation brings the necessary dynamicity and plasticity that underlie the processes of DNA replication and mitosis. New studies, often focusing on the regulation of chromosomal proteins like DNA polymerases or kinetochore kinases, are demonstrating that ubiquitylation is a versatile modification that can be used to fine-tune these cell cycle events, frequently through processes that do not involve proteasomal degradation. Understanding how the increasing variety of identified ubiquitin signals are transduced will allow us to develop a deeper mechanistic perception of how the multiple factors come together to faithfully propagate genomic information. Here, we discuss these and additional conceptual challenges that are currently under study toward understanding how ubiquitin governs cell cycle regulation.

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Katz, S., und O. Shmueli. „Cooperative Distributed Algorithms for Dynamic Cycle Prevention“. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering SE-13, Nr. 5 (Mai 1987): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tse.1987.233199.

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Chinh, P. D. „On Dynamic Cycle Collapse of Circular Plates“. Journal of Applied Mechanics 66, Nr. 1 (01.03.1999): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2789154.

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The upper bound kinematic method, which is based on a reduced kinematic formulation and involves construction of fictitious elastic moment fields and potential incremental collapse mechanisms, is used to evaluate the dynamic cycle collapse loads for a symmetrically loaded circular plate. The respective nonshakedown curves are constructed, A point load effect is discussed.

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Cao, Jianhua, Bill Hu, Chris Groves, Fen Huang, Hui Yang und Chunlai Zhang. „Karst dynamic system and the carbon cycle“. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 60, Nr. 2 (01.06.2016): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg_suppl/2016/00304.

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