Inhaltsverzeichnis
Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „CVD liquid injection“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "CVD liquid injection" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "CVD liquid injection"
1
Papadimitropoulos, G., und D. Davazoglou. „Copper metallization based on direct-liquid-injection hot-wire CVD“. Microelectronic Engineering 84, Nr. 5-8 (Mai 2007): 1148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2007.01.012.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Manole, Claudiu Constantin, Olivier Marsan, Cedric Charvillat, Ioana Demetrescu und Francis Maury. „Evidences for liquid encapsulation in PMMA ultra-thin film grown by liquid injection Photo-CVD“. Progress in Organic Coatings 76, Nr. 12 (Dezember 2013): 1846–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2013.05.027.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
3
Jones, Anthony C., Hywel O. Davies, Timothy J. Leedham, Peter J. Wright, Penelope A. Lane, Michael J. Crosbie, Dennis J. Williams, Jason C. Jones und Christopher L. Reeves. „Precursor design for liquid Injection CVD of lead scandium tantalate thin films“. Integrated Ferroelectrics 30, Nr. 1-4 (Oktober 2000): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10584580008222249.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
4
Morales, J., L. M. Apátiga und V. M. Castaño. „Synthesis of diamond films from organic compounds by Pulsed Liquid Injection CVD“. Surface and Coatings Technology 203, Nr. 5-7 (Dezember 2008): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.05.030.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Maury, F., A. Douard, S. Delclos, D. Samelor und C. Tendero. „Multilayer chromium based coatings grown by atmospheric pressure direct liquid injection CVD“. Surface and Coatings Technology 204, Nr. 6-7 (Dezember 2009): 983–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.04.020.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Avril, L., S. Bourgeois, M. C. Marco de Lucas, B. Domenichini, P. Simon, F. Addou, J. Boudon, V. Potin und L. Imhoff. „Thermal stability of Au–TiO2 nanocomposite films prepared by direct liquid injection CVD“. Vacuum 122 (Dezember 2015): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2015.06.018.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
7
Asmann, M., D. Kolman, J. Heberlein und E. Pfender. „Experimental confirmation of thermal plasma CVD of diamond with liquid feedstock injection model“. Diamond and Related Materials 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2000): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0925-9635(99)00189-2.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
8
Kelly, P. V., M. B. Mooney, J. T. Beechinor, B. J. O'Sullivan, P. K. Hurley, G. M. Crean, J. Y. Zhang et al. „Ultraviolet assisted injection liquid source chemical vapour deposition (UVILS-CVD) of tantalum pentoxide“. Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 10, Nr. 3-5 (2000): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1099-0712(200005/10)10:3/5<115::aid-amo418>3.0.co;2-#.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Papadimitropoulos, G., und D. Davazoglou. „Copper Films Deposited by Hot-Wire CVD and Direct Liquid Injection of CupraSelect“. Chemical Vapor Deposition 13, Nr. 11 (November 2007): 656–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200706621.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
10
Li, Ning, Yu-Hsiang A. Wang, Milko N. Iliev, Tonya M. Klein und Arunava Gupta. „Growth of Atomically Smooth Epitaxial Nickel Ferrite Films by Direct Liquid Injection CVD“. Chemical Vapor Deposition 17, Nr. 7-9 (31.08.2011): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cvde.201106930.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "CVD liquid injection"
1
Harada, Nao. „Élaboration de couches minces d’oxydes dopées terres rares par CVD pour les technologies quantiques“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLC029.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Ce travail a été mené dans le cadre du projet européen SQUARE qui vise à démontrer des fonctionnalités dans le domaine des technologies quantiques au moyen de matériaux oxydes dopés terre-rare. L’ambition de cette thèse est d'établir les premières briques élémentaires permettant d'envisager le développement futur d'ordinateurs et de mémoires quantiques ainsi que la mise à l'échelle de ces composants. Dans ce cadre, des temps de cohérence optique, c’est-à-dire des durées pendant lesquelles l’information quantique est maintenue, les plus longs possibles sont visés. En particulier, je me suis intéressé à une matrice d’oxyde d’yttrium (Y2O3) dopée par des ions europium (Eu3+) sous forme de couches minces sur silicium. La technique de synthèse qui a été développée est le dépôt chimique en phase vapeur avec injection liquide directe (DLI-CVD) qui autorise une grande souplesse dans la composition et la mise en œuvre. Les conditions de dépôt ont été optimisées afin de permettre la production de couches minces polycristallines de très bonne pureté et qualité cristalline, conduisant à des solutions solides d’(Y(1-x)Eux)2 dans une large gamme de dopage. Les propriétés optiques des ions de terre rare dans cette matrice ont été étudiées par spectroscopie à haute résolution. Pour des dopages de 2 % en Eu, des largeurs inhomogènes de près de 20 GHz et des largeurs homogènes mesurées par la technique de creusement de trou spectral de 10 MHz, ont pu être démontrées ce qui est à notre connaissance les plus faibles obtenues pour des couches minces sub-micrométriques. Ces valeurs restent néanmoins supérieures à celles rapportées pour des matériaux de composition équivalente sous forme de cristaux massifs ou de nanoparticules. Malgré les bénéfices apportés par cette plateforme en couche mince, des défauts spécifiques induisant de la décohérence existent donc et il sera nécessaire de les identifier et de réduire leur présence. Ce travail a permis d’ouvrir des perspectives très intéressantes en vue de l’utilisation de ces matériaux pour la réalisation de structures hybrides ou de résonateurs optiques pour les communications ou le traitement de l’information quantiqueThis work was carried out within the framework of the European SQUARE project, which aims to demonstrate functionalities in the field of quantum technologies using doped earth-rare oxide materials. The ambition of this thesis is to establish the first building blocks for the future development of quantum computers and memories as well as the scaling up of these components. In this context, the longest possible optical coherence times, i.e. the time during which quantum information is maintained, are targeted. I worked more specifically on the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) matrix doped with europium ions (Eu3+) in the form of thin filmson silicon. The synthesis technique developed is direct liquid injection chemical vapour deposition (DLI-CVD), which allows great flexibility in composition and processing. The deposition conditions have been optimised to allow the production of polycrystalline thin films of very good purity and crystal quality, leading to solid solutions of (Y(1-x)Eux)2 in a wide range of doping. The optical properties of the rare earth ions in this matrix were studied by high resolution spectroscopy. For doping of 2% Eu, inhomogeneous linewidths of nearly 20 GHz and homogeneous linewidths, measured by the spectral hole burning technique, of 10 MHz, could be demonstrated, which are to our knowledge the lowest obtained for sub-micrometer thin films. These values are nevertheless higher than those reported for materials of equivalent composition in the form of bulk crystals or nanoparticles. Despite the benefits of this thin film platform, specific decoherence-inducing defects exist, and it will be necessary to identify and reduce their presence. This work paves the wayfor very interesting prospects for the use of these materials in hybrid structures or optical resonators for communications or quantum information processing
2
Awaluddin, Amir. „Fundamental studies of chemical vapour deposition processes : Far-IR synchrotron studies of the adsorption of tim oxide precursors on tin oxide and direct liquid injection CVD growth of titania thin films on silicon“. Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272929.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
3
Manin, Murielle. „Croissance de films minces de MgO par CVD et injection liquide : élaboration et modélisation“. Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0101.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Les couches minces d'oxyde de magnésium sont intégrées dans différents secteurs industriels comme la microélectronique ou les écrans à plasma. Pour ces applications, il est nécessaire de pouvoir les déposer sur des grandes surfaces, tout limitant en les coûts, par exemple en travaillant à "haute pression" et avec de fortes vitesses de croissance. Sur la base de ces contraintes technologiques, une technique de dépôt chimique à partir d'une phase gazeuse (Chemical Vapor Deposition) particulière mettant en jeu l'injection liquide, a été mise en œuvre pour la croissance de couches minces de MgO. La stratégie de recherche nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire incluant l'élaboration et la caractérisation des films ainsi que la modélisation des phénomènes de transferts réactifs et simultanés. Des films denses ont été élaborés avec de fortes vitesses de croissance à haute pression (5. 103 à 1. 105 Pa). Cette élaboration a été optimisée grâce à une étude paramétrique. Les caractérisations microstructurales (MEB, MET, RX) ont montré qu'il était possible de contrôler l'orientation cristalline via la vitesse de croissance. Les caractérisations analytiques (XPS, RBS) ont permis d'évaluer la contamination en carbone et la stœchiométrie des couches. Un modèle de réactivité comprenant 3 étapes concurrentes a été proposé sur la base des résultats paramétriques expérimentaux. Il a été ensuite été couplé au modèle thermo-hydraulique. Bien que son caractère prédictif soit limité au domaine expérimental étudié, il a permis : de décrire de façon quantitative l'influence des différents phénomènes intervenant lors du dépôtMagnesium oxide thin films are used in several manufacturing process like microelectronics or plasma display panels. For these applications, thin films must be deposited on large areas with low cost production. Direct Liquid MOCVD allows the growth at high pressure with high growth rates. The process has been developed for magnesia thin film deposition. The research strategy is supported by a cross-disciplinary approach involving processing and characterization of the films and modeling and simulation of simultaneous heat and mass transfer. Dense films have been processed with high growth rates at high pressure (5. 103 to 1. 105 Pa). The optimization of the process was first made by a parametric study. Microstructural characterizations (SEM, TEM, XRD) showed that the crystalline orientation is controlled by the growth rate. Analytical characterizations (XPS, RBS) allowed the evaluation of carbon contamination and of the stoichiometry of the layers. Numerical simulation of fluid mechanics and heat transfer within the reactor allowed the characterization and evaluation of the working of a complex gas injector. Chemical pathways including 3 competitive steps have been proposed. Then, this approach was coupled with the previous non-reactive model. Whereas the predictive character is limited to studied experimental range, it allowed the quantitative description of the different phenomena leading to deposition. This tool could contribute to the design of a new generation of reactor
4
Comer, Adam Landon. „Optimisation of liquid fuel injection in gas turbine engines“. Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607844.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
5
Ahmed, Aqeel. „LES of atomization and cavitation for fuel injectors“. Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR048/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cette thèse présente la Simulation des Grandes Echelles (LES) de l’injection, de la pulvérisation et de la cavitation dans un injecteur pour les applications liées aux moteurs à combustion interne. Pour la modélisation de l’atomisation, on utilise le modèle ELSA (Eulerian Lagrangian Spray Atomization). Le modèle résout la fraction volumique du combustible liquide ainsi que la densité de surface d’interface liquide-gaz pour décrire le processus complet d’atomisation. Dans cette thèse, l’écoulement à l’intérieur de l’injecteur est également pris en compte pour une étude ultérieure de l’atomisation. L’étude présente l’application du modèle ELSA à un injecteur Diesel typique, à la fois dans le contexte de RANS et de LES.Le modèle est validé à l’aide de données expérimentales disponibles dans Engine Combustion Network (ECN). Le modèle ELSA, qui est normalement conçu pour les interfaces diffuses (non résolues), lorsque l’emplacement exact de l’interface liquide-gaz n’est pas pris en compte, est étendu pour fonctionner avec une formulation de type Volume of Fluid (VOF) de flux à deux phases, où l’interface est explicitement résolu. Le couplage est réalisé à l’aide de critères IRQ (Interface Resolution Quality), qui prennent en compte à la fois la courbure de l’interface et la quantité modélisée de la surface de l’interface. Le modèle ELSA est développé en premier lieu en considérant les deux phases comme incompressibles. L’extension à la phase compressible est également brièvement étudiée dans cette thèse. Il en résulte une formulation ELSA compressible qui prend en compte la densité variable de chaque phase. En collaboration avec l’Imperial College de Londres, la formulation de la fonction de densité de probabilité (PDF) avec les champs stochastiques est également explorée afin d’étudier l’atomisation. Dans les systèmes d’injection de carburant modernes, la pression locale à l’intérieur de l’injecteur tombe souvent en dessous de la pression de saturation en vapeur du carburant, ce qui entraîne une cavitation. La cavitation affecte le flux externe et la formulation du spray. Ainsi, une procédure est nécessaire pour étudier le changement de phase ainsi que la formulation du jet en utilisant une configuration numérique unique et cohérente. Une méthode qui couple le changement de phase à l’intérieur de l’injecteur à la pulvérisation externe du jet est développée dans cette thèse. Ceci est réalisé en utilisant le volume de formulation de fluide où l’interface est considérée entre le liquide et le gaz; le gaz est composé à la fois de vapeur et d’airambiant non condensableThis thesis presents Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of fuel injection, atomization and cavitation inside the fuel injector for applications related to internal combustion engines. For atomization modeling, Eulerian Lagrangian Spray Atomization (ELSA) model is used. The model solves for volume fraction of liquid fuel as well as liquid-gas interface surface density to describe the complete atomization process. In this thesis, flow inside the injector is also considered for subsequent study of atomization. The study presents the application of ELSA model to a typical diesel injector, both in the context of RANS and LES. The model is validated with the help of experimental data available from Engine Combustion Network (ECN). The ELSA model which is normally designed for diffused (unresolved) interfaces, where the exact location of the liquid-gas interface is not considered, is extended to work with Volume of Fluid (VOF) type formulation of two phase flow, where interface is explicitly resolved. The coupling is achieved with the help of Interface Resolution Quality (IRQ) criteria, that takes into account both the interface curvature and modeled amount of interface surface. ELSA model is developed first considering both phases as incompressible, the extension to compressible phase is also briefly studied in this thesis, resulting in compressible ELSA formulation that takes into account varying density in each phase. In collaboration with Imperial College London, the Probability Density Function (PDF) formulation with Stochastic Fields is also explored to study atomization. In modern fuel injection systems, quite oftenthe local pressure inside the injector falls below the vapor saturation pressure of the fuel, resulting in cavitation. Cavitation effects the external flow and spray formulation. Thus, a procedure is required to study the phase change as well as jet formulation using a single and consistent numerical setup. A method is developed in this thesis that couples the phase change inside the injector to the external jet atomization. This is achieved using the volume of fluid formulation where the interface is considered between liquid and gas; gas consists of both the vapor and non condensible ambient air
6
Añez, Javier. „Modélisation de l'injection de pétrole pour les procédés FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking)“. Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR132/document.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Cette thèse est une entreprise commune de VINCI Technologies et du laboratoire CNRS CORIA. De nombreux injecteurs comportent une zone de mélange interne dans laquelle les phases liquides et gazeuses sont toutes deux présentes dans une proportion significative. Par conséquent, cette zone appartient à la catégorie des écoulements diphasiques denses. Pour simuler la dispersion du liquide et caractériser le spray de ces injecteurs, des modèles appropriés sont nécessaires. Les points clés de cette approche sont la dispersion du liquide qui peut être associé au flux liquide turbulent et la quantité de surface liquide-gaz. En particulier, ce manuscrit rapporte, d’une part le développement théorique des modèles de la famille ELSA et, d’autre part, les approximations industrielles correspondantes. Le solveur proposé bascule dynamiquement du spray ICM au spray de sous- maille, à travers le concept ELSA et grâce à l’indicateur basé sur la résolution (IRQ). D’autre part, une fois la zone diluée se forme, l’approche ELSA est couplée à la méthode d’écoulement multiphase, qui vise à déterminer la distribution du spray à l’aide de l’équation WBE. Cette dernière équation est résolue avec une méthode hybride Euler-Lagrange. Le but est de résoudre l’équation WBE avec une approche stochastique Lagrangienne, tout en préservant la compatibilité avec la description Eulerienne de l’écoulement diphasique, basée sur ELSA, pour tirer parti des deux approches. Finalement, ces approches développées ont été utilisées pour des applications industrielles montrant leur robustesse et leur capacité à aider dans le processus de développement de nouveaux injecteursThis PhD is a joint venture between VINCI Technologies and the CNRS Laboratory CORIA. For its application, VINCI Technologies, developed mainly oil-related equipments and in particular injection/atomization systems. Some of these injectors are characterized by a very big geometrical dimensions (several meters long), that leads to very high Reynolds and Weber number. In addition, many injectors incorporate an internal mixing zone, in which liquid and gas phases are both present in a significant proportion. Consequently, this zone belongs to the dense two-phase flow category. To simulate the liquid dispersion and to characterize the spray formation special from these injectors, appropriate models are required. On its side, the CORIA team, has developed a suitable approach, so-called ELSA, based on the pioneering work of Borghi and Vallet [1, 2]. Key points of this approach are the liquid dispersion that can be associated to the turbulent liquid flux and the amount of liquid-gas surface that can be used to determine eventually the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of the spray. During this PhD, the applications proposed by V INCI Technologies, have promoted a review of a large part of the multiphase flow approaches to find the more appropriate for each case. This has been the opportunity to clarify the range of application of each approach, and therefore stress the necessity to develop coupled approaches, in order to cover the proposed application in the most suitable way. In particular, this manuscript reports, in one hand, the theoretical development of the ELSA family models, and on the other hand, the corresponding industrial approximations. Since ELSA approaches are originally developed for RANS simulation of the dense zone, it has been extended to LES description. The link of this approach to the DNS¡ ICM approach, has been studied with a special care. The resulting proposed solver, switches dynamically from ICM to subgrid spray, through the ELSA concept, and thanks to resolution based indicator (IRQ). On the opposite side, once the dispersed spray is formed, the ELSA approach is coupled to multiphase flow method, that aims to determine the spray distribution through the WBE equation. This later equation, is solved with an original hybrid Euler-Lagrange method. The purpose is to solve the WBE equation with a Lagrange stochastic approach, and at the same time, preserving the compatibility to the Euler description of two-phase flow, based on ELSA, to benefit from both approaches. This coupled approach has been tested against academic experimental data coming from ECN research initiative, a combined DNS and experimental measurement of dispersed spray on a Diesel jet, and under an air-blast atomizer numerical test case, for which the mean liquid volume fraction has been measured. Eventually, these developed approaches have been applied to industrial application showing there robustness and their capacity to help in the process of design development of new injectors
7
Nakayama, Haruka. „Application of Dynamic Mesh Method in CFD to Engineering Designs of Needle-Free Liquid Jet Injector and Diaphragm-less Shock Tube“. Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977593/1/Nakayama_MASc_final.pdf.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Many engineering devices have dynamic components and hence, their computational models are no longer fixed in space and time. In these cases, dynamic mesh method is often applied to analyze their motion or unsteady fluid dynamics around/inside them. This study deals with the engineering application of CFD particularly using dynamic mesh methods to simulate firstly the compressible transient flow in a needle-less liquid jet injector for biomedical application and secondly, the performance of a diaphragm-less shock tube design for investigation of high-speed compressible gas dynamics. The CFD software OpenFOAM® is used as the main research tool to carry out this study.
For the first application, the dynamic behavior of the liquid jet is approximated using multi-phase compressible immiscible fluids LES solver together with the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method for the interface capturing. The liquid retained in the injector chamber is impacted by the moving grid boundary to mimic the injector piston driven by the driver air pressure; and the high speed liquid jet is emitted to atmosphere region though a nozzle. Numerical results are validated and discussed by comparing with experimental measurements. Performance plots as a function of various injector parameters are constructed and explained.
The second application concerns with the diaphragm-less shock tube design which consists of an outer tube contained with high pressure and an inner one with low pressure.
A particular design of diaphragm-less shock tube utilizes a rapid opening sleeve to mimic the rupture of a diaphragm which is traditionally used to separate the two pressure region. Applying CFD with dynamic mesh to the sleeve motion contributes to the analysis of the process of shock wave generation in this device and the shock tube parameters such as opening time of the sleeve for reliable performance.
It is proven in this work that the numerical CFD models with dynamic mesh can accurately predict the performance of both engineering devices and provide a useful tool
to analyze which parameters most significantly impact the performances.
Buchteile zum Thema "CVD liquid injection"
1
Wentsch, Marlene. „Liquid Fuel Modeling“. In Analysis of Injection Processes in an Innovative 3D-CFD Tool for the Simulation of Internal Combustion Engines, 91–117. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-22167-6_7.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Troudi, Hajer, Moncef Ghiss, Mohamed Ellejmi und Zoubeir Tourk. „Numerical Investigations of the Effect of Packed Bed Porosity on the Flow Behavior“. In Mechanical Engineering Technologies and Applications: Volume 2, 146–55. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815124125123020011.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Packed columns are considered useful to a great extent in the distillation of natural gas, and liquid volume fraction is a critical parameter for their design. This study aimed to develop a geometrical model of a packed column with one cone spray to simulate the injection. Here, the commercial software FLUENT 6.3 was employed. CFD simulations using the mixture model coupled with several turbulence models were used to analyze the porosity effect on the fluid profiles. The results show that the decrease of the packed porosity resulted in a greater dispersion of the liquid, indicating the anisotropic behavior in the bed. Furthermore, the effect of different turbulence models was analyzed in order to study the atomizing of the liquid phase accurately. The numerical results were obtained to provide further insight into the mechanism of the distillation with volatile components.
3
Calbrix, Corentin, Alexei Stoukov, Axelle Cadière, Benoit Roig und Dominique Legendre. „Numerical simulation of the aerial drops of the Canadair CL-415 and the Dash-8 airtankers“. In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 1719–24. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_265.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Fighting wildland fires is a major issue for the protection of populations and environment with a need of more efficient means to fight fires. Airtankers are able to drop volumes of liquid (water or fire retardant) varying from less than 1m3 to several tens of m3, directly on fire or with the objective to form barriers of retardant to stop or reduce the fire propagation. However, the dynamics of a liquid dropped from an airplane has received few attentions in the scientific community, and related studies have mostly focused on Newtonian liquid jets injection in cross flow from millimetric injectors for combustion applications. For firefighting purpose, the liquid can be a retardant (a non Newtonian fluid) and the characteristic size of the delivery systems is of the order of a meter. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) can be used to provide a deep understanding of the liquid fragmentation and dispersion when dropped from an aircraft. A numerical investigation is proposed for the analysis of airtanker performance and applied here to the biggest airtankers used in Europe: the Canadair CL-415 and the Dash-8. A numerical approach based on the Volume of Fluid method (VoF) is used to provide an accurate description of the tank discharge as well as to study the liquid ejection, fragmentation and atomization in air. The 3D unsteady resolution of the Navier-Stokes equations for both the liquid and the air allows us to provide a description of the main characteristics of the resulting liquid cloud, characterized by the vertical penetration of the liquid, its lateral expansion and the process of atomization.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "CVD liquid injection"
1
Wilden, J., und A. Wank. „Process Features During the Plasmajet CVD Synthesis of Si-C-N Coatings“. In ITSC2001, herausgegeben von Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor und Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0487.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Materials in the system Si-C-N feature excellent properties for wear and corrosion protection applications even at elevated temperatures and an excellent thermal shock resistance among the ceramics. As these materials have no melting point, they cannot be processed purely by conventional spraying techinques, but need to be synthesized. Plasmajet CVD processes with single and triple DC torches and HF torches with supersonic nozzles have successfully been applied to produce Si-C(-N) coatings on different steel, aluminum, titanium and copper alloys as well as on graphite. Various liquid single precursors with suitable structure have been tested and evaluated with regard to the morphology and structure of the produced coatings. The processes are compared taking into account their characteristics concerning the injection modes, gas temperature and velocity profiles. Emission spectroscopy is used to determine the mechanisms of the coating formation. Guidelines for the optimum production of Si-C(-N) coatings by Plasmajet CVD are deducted.
2
Chasos, Charalambos. „CFD simulations of the diesel jet primary atomization from a multihole injector“. In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.5040.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
High pressure multi-hole diesel injectors are currently used in direct-injection common-rail diesel engines for the improvement of fuel injection and air/fuel mixing, and the overall engine performance. The resulting spray injection characteristics are dictated by the injector geometry and the injection conditions, as well as the ambient conditions into which the liquid is injected. The main objective of the present study was to design a high pressure multi-hole diesel injector and model the two-phase flow using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, in order to predict the initial liquid jet characteristics for various injection conditions. A computer aided design (CAD) software was employed for the design of the three-dimensional geometry of the assembly of the injector and the constant volume chamber into which the liquid jet emerges. A typical six-hole diesel injector geometry was modelled and the holes were symmetrically located around the periphery of the injector tip. The injector nozzle diameter and length were 0.2 mm and 1 mm, respectively, resulting in a ratio of nozzle orifice length over nozzle diameter L/D = 5. The commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code STAR-CD was used for the generation of the computational mesh and for transient simulations with an Eulerian approach incorporating the VOF model for the two-phase flow and the Rayleigh model for the cavitation phenomenon. Three test cases for increasing injection pressure of diesel injection from the high pressure multi-hole diesel injector into high pressure and high temperature chamber conditions were investigated. From the injector simulations of the test cases, the nozzle exit velocity components were determined, along with the emerging liquid jet breakup length at the nozzle exit. Furthermore, the spray angle was estimated by the average radial displacement of the liquid jet and air mixture at the vicinity of the nozzle exit. The breakup length of the liquid jet and the spray cone angle which were determined from the simulations, were compared with the breakup length and cone angle estimated by empirical equations. From the simulations, it was found that cavitation takes place at the nozzle inlet for all the cases, and affects the fuel and air interaction at the upper area of the spray jet. Furthermore, the spray jet breakup length increases with elapsed time, and when the injection pressure increases both the breakup length and the spray cone angle increase.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5040
3
Song, F., R. Noghrehkar und K. F. Hau. „CFD Modelling of Liquid Poison Injection in ACR-1000 Shutdown System“. In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48669.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The Liquid Injection Shutdown System (LISS) is a safety system in the CANDU™-type reactor to provide rapid reactor shutdown by automatically injecting a neutron absorbing liquid (“poison”), via injection nozzles, into the moderator in the calandria. The poison distribution in the moderator plays a significant role in the shutdown performance. The Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR-1000™) is a Generation III+ type reactor as an evolutionary extension of the proven CANDU-6 reactor. The basic design concept of the CANDU-6 LISS is adopted for the ACR-1000. The injection nozzle design has been modified to suit the ACR-1000 reactor core configuration. In this study, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed using the ANSYS-CFX software to examine the poison injection characteristics in the ACR-1000 design. The effects of calandria tubes on the poison jet growth and poison distribution in the reactor core were discussed.
4
T.N.C, Anand, Senthilkumar P und Shamit Bakshi. „Break up length on Urea Water Solution jet in hot cross flow“. In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4982.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) using Urea-Water Solution (UWS) as an ammonia precursor is consideredas one of the best choices to meet the current stringent emission norms for reduction of NOX in diesel engines. UWS sprayed in the engine exhaust line forms ammonia, and this ammonia reduces NOX into nitrogen. The NOX reduction efficiency depends on the mixing and evaporation behavior of the UWS spray in the hot exhaust gas. Spray characteristics decide the evaporation rate and hence the NOX reduction efficiency. The spray structure is closely related to the breakup point and breakup mode of the jet. Hence, in this study, breakup length and breakup mode were investigated by injecting UWS (32.5 % by weight) through a nozzle in a hot air cross flow. A CCD camera and pulsed Nd:Yag laser were used for capturing the images. Experiments were conducted with varying nozzle size (150, 250 and 400 micron), injection pressure (0.5 to 3 bar), temperature (32 °C,150 °C and 200 °C) and air flow rate. The effect of operating parameters (nozzle size, injection pressure, air temperature and velocity) in terms of dimensionless numbers (Weber number and momentum flux ratio) on jet breakup mode and jet breakup length was studied. It was observed that the breakup length for UWS was close to that of water. The jet breakup length increases with momentum flux ratio since a jet having a higher momentum is able to penetrate a larger distance in the cross flow. Increasing the air temperature increases the velocity of the cross flow and hence reduces the breakup length. A correlation for jet breakup length was developed. The effect of inclusion of Weber number in the breakup length correlation, in addition to the momentum flux ratio, was studied. Visual observation shows that droplet sizes obtained from the plain orifice injector without preheating is large. Preheatingthe UWS before injection is recommended to reduce the droplet size.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4982
5
Lobanov, P. D., O. N. Kashinsky, A. S. Kurdyumov und N. A. Pribaturin. „Dynamic Processes During Pulsed Gas Injection Into Liquid Column“. In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60615.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
An experimental study of dynamic processes during pulsed gas injection into quiescent liquids was performed. Both water and low melting temperature metal alloy were used as test liquids. Air and argon were used as gas phase. The test sections were vertical cylindrical columns 25 and 68 mm inner diameter. Measurements of flow parameters during gas injection were performed. Water – air experiments were performed at room temperature, the temperature of liquid metal alloy was 135 deg C. Time records of pressure in the liquid and in gas phase above the liquid were obtained. Measurements of liquid temperature and level of liquid surface were performed. It was shown that at pulse gas injection into liquid metal high amplitude pressure fluctuation may arise. Also the fluctuation variation of the free surface of the liquid may appear which are connected with the oscillations of the gas volume. Experimental data obtained may be used for verification & validation of modern CFD codes.
6
Wang, L., H. Ozogul, T. Kaushik, A. Bhat und S. Rida. „Towards a Detailed Liquid Fuel Injection Model for Gas Turbine Combustor CFD“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16044.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract Fuel injection modeling plays an important role in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based combustor design and performance analysis. The specification of initial fuel spray size, velocity, and location strongly affects the subsequent fuel air mixing and combustion processes. Current common practice of introducing fuel spray in combustor CFD relies on either experimental correlations built from spray data measured at locations further away from injector exit or simplified theoretical models that have limited applications. This often leads to large uncertainties in spray initial conditions and inconsistencies in combustor model performance. Although much progress has been made in multiphase simulation of primary atomization, involving a two-phase flow solver in combustor CFD to resolve liquid fuel injection processes is still not feasible in the foreseeable future. Standalone fuel injection simulations, however, can provide valuable information on initial spray distributions required for accurate fuel injection modeling in combustor CFD. In this paper the approach of using a standalone or separate detailed fuel injection simulation to provide initial spray boundary condition for combustor CFD is demonstrated in a Liquid Jet In Cross Flow (LJICF) configuration. The primary atomization (PA) of the LJICF is simulated using a Volume of Fluid (VOF) solver on a fine mesh, and the blobs and ligaments from the PA simulation are collected and transferred to another separate simulation of spray using a Lagrangian particle tracking solver on a coarser mesh. The results from the Lagrangian simulation are compared with experimental data as well as the results from a conventional fuel injection model. The differences from the comparisons are discussed to reveal the challenges and new modeling needs associated with this detailed fuel injection model. These include the effect of mesh resolution on the spray boundary condition, the need for blockage modeling, and the need for ligament breakup modeling.
7
Lamarque, Nicolas, Quentin Lamiel, Jérome Hélie und Dominique Legendre. „Spreading model for wall films generated by high-pressure sprays“. In ILASS2017 - 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ilass2017.2017.4999.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This paper presents a new model developed to predict the area of wall films that may develop in gasoline direct injection engines (GDI). In a always more restrictive legislation on gas emissions the injection process in internal combustion (IC) engines has been highlighted as a domain of great concern in order to satisfy these requirements. Many spray wall interactions models exist in literature and are included in different CFD tools. Most often they are based on the sum of single drop-wall impacts. The specificity of the present model lies in its simplicity and the way the film is treated globally. Here its propagation is predicted using a balance between the momentum given by the spray and the viscous shear stress. Jointly with the theoretical model, an experimental set-up has been built up, an optical measurement technique called Refractive Index Matching method is used to follow the development of the wall film.It has been found that the area of the wall film is proportional to the duration of injection, while the distance betweenthe injector and the wall has not shown many influence on the evolution of area. The influence of the injection pressure has also been identified, when the pressure is doubled the radius of the film is multiplied by 3√2. Eventuallyedicts that film thickness decreases as fuel pressure rises.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4999
8
Stephens, John J., Glen C. Martin und Chia-fon F. Lee. „Experimental Investigation of a Direct Injection Diesel Injector in a Constant Volume Injection Chamber“. In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-ice-402.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract In an optically accessible, constant volume, quiescent injection cell, the liquid phase of a non-evaporating direct injection spray was visualized using the Exciplex Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence technique. The goal of this work was to develop a correlation for the effect of ambient density on spray tip penetration. Therefore, an experimental test matrix was set up with injection pressure and ambient density as the variables. Good optical access and a short visualization pathway allowed for high-resolution images to be recorded simultaneously via two CCD cameras. Images were recorded at various timings to temporally resolve the spray. A correlation was developed and the results show a strong dependence of spray tip penetration on ambient density.
9
De Giorgi, M. G., Aldebara Sciolti, S. Campilongo und A. Ficarella. „Comparing Spray and Flame Behavior in a Swirl Liquid Fueled Lean Burner With Single and Multipoint Injections“. In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57353.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Recent advances in gas turbine combustor design aimed at achieving low NOx emissions have focused on locally leaner combustion by rapid mixing of fuel and air. Multipoint injection leads to a fast and efficient mixing with the control of the spatial fuel distribution. In the present work, an experimental study on combustion phenomena in a liquid fuel burner, which operates in non-premixed (single point injection) and partially-premixed regimes (multipoint injections), was carried out in order to investigate the effect of the injection mode. In both the cases the lean combustion behavior was investigated in proximity of the blow-out limit. An intensified high rate CCD was used for flame imaging in the ultraviolet spectral range. It was equipped with different optical filters to selectively record single species chemiluminescence emissions (e.g. OH*, CH*). Analogous filters were also used in association with photomultiplier (PMT) tubes. Finally the NOx emissions were monitored. Furthermore, preliminary computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations were also performed under the typical combustor operation conditions to provide insight into the mixing of the air and the fuel under the different injection modes and the related flame pattern.
10
Lazzarin, Marta, M. Faenza, Francesco Barato, Nicolas Bellomo, Alberto Bettella, Daniele Pavarin und Matthias Grosse. „CFD Simulation of a Hybrid Rocket Motor with Liquid Injection“. In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5537.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBerichte der Organisationen zum Thema "CVD liquid injection"
1
Rimpel, Aaron, und Amy McCleney. PR-316-17200-R02 A Study of the Effects of Liquid Contamination on Seal Performance. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juli 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011734.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Liquid contamination in dry gas seals (DGS) can come from a variety of sources, including lube oil carryover and liquid dropout, due to the Joule-Thompson effect across the seal faces, which can cause DGS failure. The physical effect of liquids on DGS performance is a topic of limited understanding, and conflicting theories exist regarding liquid-induced failure mechanisms. While tests have been performed on DGS test rigs (primarily by seal OEMs), very little testing or analysis has been specifically aimed at studying the heat generation behind DGS behavior following liquid injection, and test results or conclusions have not been published for use in the industry. Therefore, this study develops a test rig and presents test results of a DGS in dry nitrogen at different supply pressures up to 1,000 psi, then intentionally introduce a liquid (light oil, up to ~3% liquid mass fraction) to measure any difference in performance that might indicate a possible failure mechanism. It was found that continuous injection of oil caused a distinct 2-8% increase in torque but no significant effect on seal temperature for the brief durations tested. In contrast, multiphase CFD predictions predicted generally higher torque values, in nitrogen only and with similar levels of oil injection than experiments, and a 3-6% increase in stationary ring temperatures. To the authors' knowledge, the CFD modeling approach used is a first of its kind for trying to study liquid contamination effects in a DGS, and further work is proposed to improve comparisons to the test data. This is research performed by the Gas Machinery Research Council with cofunding by PRCI.