Zeitschriftenartikel: „Cumulative case study“

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Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza, Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh, Kimia Jokari, Sanaz Amiri, Leila Moftakhar, Mohammad Javad Moradian, Mohammad Habibi et al. „Correlation Between Diabetes and COVID-19 Indices: A Global Level Ecological Study“. SAGE Open Nursing 9 (Januar 2023): 237796082311654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23779608231165485.

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Introduction Coronavirus is threatening the global public health as a new and widespread crisis. The researchers must keep in mind that one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 are the people with underlying diseases, especially diabetes. Objective This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between diabetes and the epidemiological indices of COVID-19. Methods This ecological study included 144 countries. Their available data consists of the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, recovery rate, case fatality rate, and performed tests of COVID-19, and diabetes. To collect the variables, a data set was provided which included the information of 144 countries based on diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Spearman coefficients were used for assess correlation between diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Also, Scatter plots of diabetes for the studied countries were drawn based on cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, tests, recovery rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Results The results of this ecological study showed in total countries, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases and also cumulative incidence rate of death. Correlation between diabetes with test of COVID-19 was very weak. Scatter plots showed a weak liner correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death and test of COVID-19. Conclusions In this study, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed test of COVID-19. This disease is an enormous challenge for health policymakers; therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies and practical guidelines specific to each region to take the necessary care, especially for diabetic patients.

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Eftestøl, Sindre, Diress Tsegaye, Kjetil Flydal und Jonathan E. Colman. „Cumulative effects of infrastructure and human disturbance: a case study with reindeer“. Landscape Ecology 36, Nr. 9 (31.05.2021): 2673–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01263-1.

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Abstract Context Within Rangifer ranges, many studies focus on expanding infrastructure and human activity negatively influencing habitat use. Little documentation exists on how disturbances act in synergy (i.e. cumulative effects), nor methods to test such effects. Objectives (1) Investigate how cumulative disturbance at different distances affects reindeer habitat use and (2) at what disturbance levels and distances loss of habitat functionality occurs. Methods Disturbance intensity levels for trails and infrastructure were based on expected amount of human activity, on a scale from 1 to 6. To test cumulative disturbance, we adapted the multi-grain method and summed-up disturbance intensity levels within “disturbance distance intervals” (0–0.25, 0.25–1, 1–2 km, etc. instead of 0–0.25, 0–1, 0–2 km, etc.), and tested reindeers’ avoidance using GPS data for 2011–2018. Results We found decreased habitat use within 0.25 km with increasing cumulative disturbance for snow free and winter seasons. For spring, a similar effect occurred up to 1 km. Reductions in use in areas with highest cumulative disturbance within these zones were between 92 and 98%. Strongest avoidance during spring supports previous studies. Comparatively, the multi-grain approach showed negative effects up to 3 km. Conclusions Our approach provides novel results and precisely estimates where cumulative effects actually occur. Reindeer in our study tolerate low intensities of human disturbance, while further increase in disturbance intensity reduces habitat functionality. We suggest clustering future human developments within areas of high disturbance, i.e. where functional habitat use is already lost or highly reduced. Our method can be used for other areas and species.

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Bohnen, Nicolaas I. L. J., Mark A. Warner, Emre Kokmen, C. Mary Beard und Leonard T. Kurland. „Alzheimer's Disease and Cumulative Exposure to Anesthesia: A Case-Control Study“. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 42, Nr. 2 (Februar 1994): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1994.tb04952.x.

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Fox, Mary A. „Evaluating cumulative risk assessment for environmental justice: a community case study.“ Environmental Health Perspectives 110, suppl 2 (April 2002): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110s2203.

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Bravo-Egana, Valia, Steven Heron und Dimitri S. Monos. „P197 Cumulative weak HLA antibodies. relevant or not. A case study“. Human Immunology 78 (September 2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2017.06.257.

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TaHa, Basirah, und Lora Peppard. „Managing Substance Use and Emotions in the Context of Trauma: A Case Study“. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice 9, Nr. 1 (2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2380-9418.9.1.55.

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The reciprocal interaction between substance use, trauma, and emotions is well documented. Trauma is associated with neuroendocrine and neurobiological dysfunction and the subsequent development of psychopathology in adults. Cumulative trauma triggers, aggravates, and increases the recurrence of psychiatric symptoms. Individuals suffering the psychiatric sequelae of cumulative trauma have a more complex clinical profile, ultimately resulting in worse treatment outcomes. Limited guidance exists in the form of treatment guidelines or clinical evidence on the management of substance use and emotions in the context of trauma. This article chronicles one patient’s experience with cumulative trauma, depression, anxiety, and iatrogenic opioid dependence. The authors review the impact of trauma on brain function and discuss evidence and treatment strategies engaged in the management of this patient.

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Martinez, B., R. Demafelis, J. Alcantara, A. E. Matanguihan, B. Magadia, F. J. Echavez und S. A. Frogoso. „Life Cycle Assessment of Blended Cement Product: A Case Study“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1318, Nr. 1 (01.10.2024): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1318/1/012025.

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Abstract Large-scale cement production has led to serious environmental issues since the process is energy and resource intensive. Moreover, the cement industry is one of the sources of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As a matter of fact, in the Philippines, the CO2 emission increased by 88.23% in over a decade. Hence, this research conducted a life cycle assessment of blended cement products in a cement manufacturing facility in Bulacan, Philippines from cradle to gate. The research utilized functional units of one metric ton of clinker, and one metric ton of blended cement. For the life cycle assessment (LCA), SimaPro 9.3.0.3 software was employed, and the impact assessment was conducted using the IPCC 2021 Global Warming Potential (GWP) at a 100-year timeframe and the Cumulative Energy Demand Method. Results of the research showed that the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the clinker are 995 kg CO2-eqv and 4.74 x 103 MJ, respectively. Also, the baseline carbon footprint and cumulative energy demand for the blended cement are 760 kg CO2-eqv and 4.13 x 103 MJ, respectively. Further, the evaluation of the carbon footprint of clinker, and blended cement in this research is comparable with the results from similar studies, with slight variation on certain instances. The energy utilization in the production of clinker, and blended cement in this research is significantly lower than the result of other studies

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Neugebauer, Maciej, Adam Żebrowski und Ogulcan Esmer. „Cumulative Emissions of CO2 for Electric and Combustion Cars: A Case Study on Specific Models“. Energies 15, Nr. 7 (06.04.2022): 2703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072703.

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This work includes calculations of the cumulative CO2 emissions of two comparable cars—the VW Golf VII—one with a combustion engine and the other with an electric motor. Calculation of CO2 emissions was performed, taking into account the stages of production, utilization and use of the above-mentioned vehicles. For the use phase, it was assumed that the total mileage of the car will be 150,000 km over 10 years. For the electric vehicle, calculations were made assuming five different sources of electricity (from coal only, from natural gas only, from PV and wind turbines, an average mix of European power sources and an average mix of Polish power sources; W1–W5 designations, respectively). For individual sources of electricity, cumulative CO2 emissions were taken into account, that is, resulting both from the production of electricity and the use of the resources (for example, technical service per 1 kWh of electricity produced). The obtained results of the analysis show that for the adopted assumptions regarding operation, for variants W2–W5, the use of an electric car results in lower cumulative CO2 emission than a the use of a combustion car. For a combustion car, the value was 37,000 kg-CO2, and for an electric car, depending on the variant, the value was 43, 31, 16, 23 and 34 thousand kg-CO2 for variants W1 to W5, respectively. Based on the emissions results obtained for individual stages of the use of selected vehicles, a comparative analysis of cumulative CO2 emissions was performed. The purpose of this analysis was to determine whether the replacement of an existing combustion car (that has already been manufactured; therefore, this part of the analysis does not include CO2 emissions in the production stage) with a new electric car, which has to be manufactured, therefore associated with additional CO2 emissions, would reduce cumulative CO2 emissions. Considering three adopted average annual car mileages (3000, 7500 and 15,000 km) and the previously described power options (W1–W5), we sought an answer as to whether the use of a new electric car would be burdened with lower cumulative CO2 emissions. In this case we assumed an analysis time of 15 years. For the worst variant from the point of view of CO2 emissions (W1, electricity from coal power sources only), further use of a combustion car is associated with lower cumulative CO2 emissions than the purchase of a new electric car over the entire analyzed period of 15 years. In turn, for the most advantageous variant (W3, electricity from PV or wind power sources) with an annual mileage of 3000 km, the purchase of a new electric car results in higher cumulative CO2 emissions throughout the analyzed period, whereas for an annual milage of 7500 or 15,000 km, replacing the car with an electric car “pays back” in terms of cumulative CO2 emissions after 8.5 or 4 years, respectively.

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Zhu, Ping. „Application of the Exergy Method to Environmental Impact Assessment: The Heat Exchange Process as a Case Study“. Advanced Materials Research 549 (Juli 2012): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.927.

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This paper focuses on evaluation of the heat exchange process based on cumulative exergy analysis method. The case study chosen is the countercurrent heat exchange process that is widely used in the industrial processes. The optimal design is achieved by minimizing the annual total cumulative exergy consumption of the cold stream. The natural resource-oriented mathematical models are established in details. Obviously, the results from cumulative exergy optimization are imposed by the present state of the technology compared with the ones from thermoeconomics

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Ahammed, M. Alauddin, und Susan L. Tighe. „Concrete pavement surface textures and multivariables frictional performance analysis: a North American case study“. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, Nr. 7 (Juli 2008): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-025.

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Concrete pavements are well known for long structural life. The major challenge, however, is to provide a durable surface with adequate skid resistance for economy and safety. This paper examines the long-term frictional performance of eight different surface textures on 197 sections of concrete pavements within the long-term pavement performance (LTPP) program database. Analysis shows that tined and (or) grooved textures maintain consistently higher skid resistance over time and the surface friction of concrete pavements is less sensitive to ambient temperature. Cumulative traffic passes are more sensitive to longevity of friction than the cumulative axle loads. Five alternative models have also been successfully developed for prediction of the long-term skid resistance of concrete pavements as a function of texture type, cumulative traffic passes, speed, and concrete compressive strength. These models were shown to be statistically significant at 95% confidence levels with reasonable prediction accuracy.

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Payne-Sturges, Devon, Jonathan Cohen, Rosemary Castorina, Daniel A. Axelrad und Tracey J. Woodruff. „Evaluating Cumulative Organophosphorus Pesticide Body Burden of Children: A National Case Study“. Environmental Science & Technology 43, Nr. 20 (15.10.2009): 7924–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es900713s.

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Morgan, C., J. Kirkbride, G. Hutchinson, T. Craig, K. Morgan, P. Dazzan, J. Boydell et al. „Cumulative social disadvantage, ethnicity and first-episode psychosis: a case-control study“. Psychological Medicine 38, Nr. 12 (10.11.2008): 1701–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004534.

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BackgroundNumerous studies have reported high rates of psychosis in the Black Caribbean population in the UK. Recent speculation about the reasons for these high rates has focused on social factors. However, there have been few empirical studies. We sought to compare the prevalence of specific indicators of social disadvantage and isolation, and variations by ethnicity, in subjects with a first episode of psychosis and a series of healthy controls.MethodAll cases with a first episode of psychosis who made contact with psychiatric services in defined catchment areas in London and Nottingham, UK and a series of community controls were recruited over a 3-year period. Data relating to clinical and social variables were collected from cases and controls.ResultsOn all indicators, cases were more socially disadvantaged and isolated than controls, after controlling for potential confounders. These associations held when the sample was restricted to those with an affective diagnosis and to those with a short prodrome and short duration of untreated psychosis. There was a clear linear relationship between concentrated disadvantage and odds of psychosis. Similar patterns were evident in the two main ethnic groups, White British and Black Caribbean. However, indicators of social disadvantage and isolation were more common in Black Caribbean subjects than White British subjects.ConclusionsWe found strong associations between indicators of disadvantage and psychosis. If these variables index exposure to factors that increase risk of psychosis, their greater prevalence in the Black Caribbean population may contribute to the reported high rates of psychosis in this population.

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Yang, Xiai, Xiongzhi Xue und Shawn S. Shen. „Cumulative effects assessment of bay ecosystem: Xiamen's Western Sea, a case study“. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2006): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634980500536113.

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Diccion, A. J. L., und J. Z. Duran. „MODELING AND FORECASTING CUMULATIVE EVI ANOMALIES USING SARIMA FOR BIOPHYSICAL MONITORING: A CASE STUDY IN THE PHILIPPINES“. International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-4/W6-2021 (18.11.2021): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-4-w6-2021-141-2021.

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Abstract. Understanding changes in vegetation cover that affect the biophysical conditions of a region can help in formulating policies to address current and future problems of terrestrial ecosystems such as deforestation and environmental degradation. This study focuses on developing a model that forecasts the cumulative Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) anomalies as a tool for biophysical conditions monitoring in the Philippines. Satellite data from MODIS MYD13Q1 V6, which contains vegetation index per pixel at 16-day intervals with a resolution of 250 meters, were utilized. The cumulative EVI anomalies per instant were calculated in Google Earth Engine by aggregating the difference of a specific data point in 2011–2020 to a reference EVI mean computed from 2001–2010. The Error-Trend-Seasonality model shows that the cumulative EVI anomalies graph is non-stationary with an upward trend and seasonality. The upward trend of the cumulative EVI anomalies indicates the improvement of vegetation in the Philippines. To check the stationarity of the cumulative EVI anomalies data, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was utilized and the model was generated using Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model. Based on the analysis, the best-fit model for the cumulative EVI anomalies is SARIMA (1,1,0)(1,1,1)12 with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 13.26%. Thus, the proposed model can be used as a tool for biophysical assessment by monitoring and forecasting changes in vegetation and contribute to attaining the UN Sustainable Development Goals 2 and 15 – ‘Eliminating Hunger’ and ‘Life on Land’.

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NeSmith, D. S., und D. C. Bridges. „Modeling Chilling Influence on Cumulative Flowering: A Case Study Using `Tifblue Rabbiteye Blueberry“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, Nr. 5 (September 1992): 698–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.698.

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A Weibull distribution function was used to develop a model for estimating cumulative flowering and the distribution of flowering of `Titblue' rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium Ashei Reade) as a function of growing degree days (GDD) following exposure to chilling temperatures for 300 to 1200 hours. Controlled chilling and flowering conditions were imposed on blueberry plants to obtain data for model development. Once developed, the model was validated using independent data sets from the literature. Given information concerning chilling and historical GDD, the model can be used to predict the onset of flowering, cumulative flowering, total number of flowers, and flower frequency at discrete intervals. The techniques developed likely will be applicable to a range of fruit species in which chilling influences flowering habit.

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Perwitiningsih, Perwitiningsih. „Cumulation of Marriage Itsbat and Talak Divorce Lawsuits (Case Study Decision No. 5361/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Badg.)“. Kosmik Hukum 24, Nr. 2 (16.05.2024): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/kosmikhukum.v24i2.20860.

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The civil law that applies in Indonesia does not standardize provisions regarding cumulative lawsuits, especially cumulative lawsuits on marriage itsbat and talak divorce. In Decision No. 5361/Pdt.G/2022/PA.Badg., there is a marriage itsbat and talak application. This normative research that aims to analyze how the provisions in Indonesian legislation regulate the accumulation of itsbat of marriage and talak lawsuit and to analyze the judge’s decision to grant the application for itsbat of marriage, especially unregistered marriages for pregnant women and talak for pregnant woman. This research concludes that the provisions in article 7, paragraph (3) letter (a) KHI can be used as a legal basis for cumulative lawsuits of marriage itsbat and divorce. According to Article 53 KHI, marriages for pregnant women can still held because they have fulfilled the legal requirements for marriage and no statutory provisions have been violated. Article 19 letter (f) Government Regulation Number 9 of 1975 concerning Implementation of Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning jo. Article 116 letter (f) KHI can be taken into consideration by the Panel of Judges when granting the petitioner’s talak divorce application.Keywords: cumulative lawsuit, marriage itsbat, talak divorce

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SITEA, Daria Maria, und Carolina ȚÎMBALARI. „MEASURING THE BANKING COMPETITIVENESS. A CASE STUDY OF ROMANIA“. Revista Economica 74, Nr. 2 (02.09.2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.56043/reveco-2022-0018.

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In today s economy, the banking industry is crucial in determining the standard of living. The Romanian economy has recently shown a reliance on bank finance, with the banking industry s key goals being to strengthen customer focus, foster digital transformation, and meet consumers needs as they relate to current trends. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the Romanian economy, forcing it to overcome new obstacles in the banking sector. Thus, in order to manage their competitiveness, banks must create a resilience strategy. According to the financial reports, the most profitable Romanian banks in 2021 are: Banca Transilvania (BT), Banca Comercială Română (BCR) and Banca Română pentru Dezvoltare (BRD). These banks have the highest profit margins, with a cumulative 3.5 billion RON, which equates to 55% of the banking profit gain. This paper s primary goals are to: (1) provide a cumulative analysis of banking competitiveness and its key driving factors; and (2) examine the three major commercial banks of Romania - BT, BCR and BRD. Regarding to the five key indicators of banking competitiveness—total assets, net profit, market share, number of branches, and employees—we aimed to conduct a quick analysis of those three largest commercial banks in Romania. These institutions have a direct impact on the whole Romanian banking industry.

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Mackie, Lucas, Daniel Coles, Matthew Piggott und Athanasios Angeloudis. „The Potential for Tidal Range Energy Systems to Provide Continuous Power: A UK Case Study“. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, Nr. 10 (06.10.2020): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8100780.

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The extraction of tidal energy from head differences represents a predictable and flexible option for generating electricity. Here, we investigate the generation potential of prospective tidal power plants in the UK. Originally conceived as separate projects, operating these schemes as a cooperative system could prove beneficial. Combined with the inherent operational flexibility of tidal range-based schemes, a notable tidal phase difference in selected sites allows for the system to spread power generation over a larger proportion of the day. Using depth-averaged modelling and gradient-based optimisation techniques, we explore how a flexible cumulative operation schedule could be applied to provide a degree of continuous supply if desirable. While fully continuous operation is not achieved, a number of different optimisation schedules deliver cumulative continuous supply for over half of the year. The average minimum cumulative power output on these days is consistently over 500 MW out of a total installed capacity of 6195.3 MW. Furthermore, by introducing financial incentives associated with reliable, baseload supply, we provide an economic assessment of the tidal power plant system. The daily minimum cumulative power output determines income in the modelled idealised baseload market, while excess supply is traded in an hourly variable wholesale energy market. Results indicate that subsidies would be required in order to make a pursuit of continuous generation financially advantageous over energy maximisation strategies.

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Mirahmadizadeh, Alireza, Fatemeh Rezaei, Kimia Jokari, Zahra Maleki, Roya Sahebi, Jafar Hassanzadeh, Ali Akbari et al. „Correlation Between Social Capital and COVID-19 Indices: A Global Level Ecological Study“. Journal of Research & Health 13, Nr. 4 (01.07.2023): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jrh.13.4.2087.1.

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Background: Given that COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it has become a public health priority. This study aims to investigate the correlation between social capital and the epidemiological indicators of COVID-19. Methods: This survey is an ecological study, so all studied variables are aggregated.‌ To collect the variables in the study, a data set was provided, which included the information of each country based on the cumulative deaths, case fatality rate, recovery rate, and the number of performed COVID-19 tests. We drew scatter plots of the social capital for the studied countries based on COVID-19 indices. Results: In all the studied countries, ‌the highest cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 cases was in Montenegro (60310.56 per million), while the lowest cumulative incidence rate of cases was in Tanzania (8.42 per million).‌ The highest and lowest cumulative incidence rate of death due to COVID-19 was in Belgium (1425.15 per million) and Burundi (0.08 per million), respectively. ‌Also, social capital has a significant direct correlation with the cumulative incidence rate of cases (r=0.42, P<0.001), the cumulative incidence rate of death (r=0.31, P<0.001), and the number of performed COVID-19 diagnostic tests per million. Social capital was correlated with recovery and mortality rates (r= -0.21, P=0.007). Conclusion: Considering that social capital has a statistically significant relationship with the indices of case fatality and recovery rates, it is possible to increase social capital with appropriate interventions by relevant individuals and organizations to improve the pandemic management in different countries.

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Kadhim, Tania S., und Faiq F. Karam. „Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Water of Al-Diwaniyah River-Case Study“. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1029, Nr. 1 (01.05.2022): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1029/1/012017.

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Abstract The current study includes the identification of PAHs compounds in seven contaminated sites from the surface water of Al-Diwaniyah river from August 2020 to May 2021. Solid phase extraction was used for extract PAHs compounds from the surface water samples by specified columns and gas chromatography with (FID) detector was used for analysis of these compounds. Significant differences appeared in the concentration of PAHs according to different spatial, temporal conditions and human activities during the study period. The aggregate of PAHs samples for seven sites during ten months were (253.1714ppm). Benzo[A]Pyrene had the lowest cumulative value (7.1428ppm), whereas anthracene compound had the highest cumulative value (21.45714ppm).

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Peng, Yen-Chun, Cheng-Li Lin, Wan-Yun Hsu, I.-Ta Lu, Hong-Zen Yeh, Chi-Sen Chang und Chia-Hung Kao. „Proton Pump Inhibitor Use is Associated With Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study“. Dose-Response 16, Nr. 4 (01.10.2018): 155932581880328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1559325818803283.

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Purpose: To investigate the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the risk of pancreatic cancer. Methods: A nested case–control analysis was conducted. Patients with pancreas cancer were matched with controls by propensity score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine whether PPIs use affected the risk of pancreas cancer. Dose effect was analyzed based on the cumulative defined daily dose (DDD), which was calculated using the total supply of PPIs to individual patients in terms of days and quantity. Results: A total of 1087 patients with pancreas cancer were matched with 1087 control patients from the database. The overall adjusted odds ratio (OR) of PPI use associated with pancreas cancer was 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44-2.05). Dose analysis by cumulative DDD, based on all types of PPI combined, revealed a lower adjusted OR of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.64-1.33) for those on <30 cumulative DDD compared with those on ≥150 cumulative DDD, whose adjusted OR was 2.19 (95% CI, 1.68-2.85). Compared with PPI nonusers, the risks of pancreas cancer were: OR 0.89 (95% CI, 0.62-1.27) for patients using PPI <30 days and 2.22 (95% CI, 1.68-2.94) for ≥150 days. Conclusions: Risk of pancreas cancer was associated with PPI use in patients with peptic ulcer diseases or gastroesophageal reflux disease.

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Jansen, Fenna M., Nathan den Broeder, Satish F. K. Lubeek, Edo H. J. Savelkoul, Carlijne M. Marcus, Frank Hoentjen und Willemijn A. van Dop. „Cumulative thiopurine dosing and keratinocyte skin cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study“. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 35, Nr. 10 (31.07.2023): 1123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/meg.0000000000002617.

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Background and aim Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with thiopurines are at increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancer (KSC). Most international guidelines recommend yearly dermatological screening of thiopurine-treated patients. Whether the association between the development of KSC and the use of thiopurines is dose-dependent remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the cumulative thiopurine dose and KSC development in patients with IBD which can be helpful to assist in further skin cancer risk stratification and personalization of screening recommendations in patients with IBD. Methods We performed a single-center case-control study, including patients with IBD with and without a history of KSC (cases and controls, respectively). The primary outcome was the association of cumulative azathioprine, mercaptopurine and thioguanine dose with KSC development. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed, the latter corrected for age and smoking, known risk factors of KSC. Results We included 50 cases and 150 controls, predominantly white population. Age and current azathioprine use were univariably significantly associated with KSC development. In multivariable logistic regression analyses, age at inclusion remained significantly associated. Cumulative doses of thiopurines (separate or combined) or duration of thiopurine use did not impact KSC risk, also after correcting for age and smoking. Conclusion Cumulative thiopurine dose and duration did not show an association with KSC development. Future KSC risk stratification, based on all available KSC risk factors, may aid in selecting individuals who can benefit most from dermatologic screening programs.

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Yun, Kyong-Ku, Dong-Ho Kim, Won-Kyong Jeong und Chimoon Won. „Comparative Study of Cumulative Damage to Pavement Concrete under Splitting Tensile, Variable Amplitude Fatigue Loadings“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1914, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105191400104.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the cumulative damage to pavement concrete under splitting tensile, variable amplitude fatigue loadings by splitting tensile and flexural tensile tests. The cumulative damage theories adapted in this study included the linear damage theory, the nonlinear damage theory, and the equivalent damage theory. The results were as follows. The sums of the cumulative damage were greater by the flexural tensile test than by the splitting tensile test, even though the difference between them was small in each load case. The sums of the cumulative damage at higher stress levels showed values farther from one than those at lower stress levels. This suggested that Miner's rule might be applied to plain concrete with little error, provided that the stress level remained low. The cumulative damage obtained by the nonlinear damage theory was closer to one than that obtained by the linear damage theory in all load cases except one. This indicated that nonlinear cumulative damage could consider the effects of the magnitude and the sequence of variable amplitude fatigue loadings. The theoretical results calculated from the equivalent damage theory were similar to the experimental results except in one case, even though the equivalent damage theory was simple. The results obtained by the splitting tensile test were equivalent to or better than those obtained by the flexural tensile test for application to the equivalent damage theory. Thus, the splitting tensile test and the equivalent damage theory could be used to estimate the damage and the remaining life of pavement concrete under variable amplitude fatigue loadings.

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He, Shuqi, Xingpeng Chen, Zilong Zhang, Zhaoyue Wang und Mengran Hu. „The Exploration of Urban Material Anabolism Based on RS and GIS Methods: Case Study in Jinchang, China“. Remote Sensing 12, Nr. 3 (23.01.2020): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030370.

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As an open artificial ecosystem, the development of a city requires the continuous input and output of material and energy, which is called urban metabolism, and includes catabolic (material-flow) and anabolic (material-accumulation) processes. Previous studies have focused on the catabolic and ignored the anabolic process due to data and technology problems. The combination of remote-sensing technology and high-resolution satellite images facilitates the estimation of cumulative material amounts in urban systems. This study focused on persistent accumulation, which is the metabolic response of urban land use/urban land expansion, building stock, and road stock to land-use changes. Building stock is an extremely cost-intensive and long-lived component of cumulative metabolism. The study measured building stocks of Jinchang, China’s nickel capital by using remote-sensing images and field-research data. The development of the built environment could be analyzed by comparing the stock of buildings on maps representing different time periods. The results indicated that material anabolism in Jinchang is a distance-dependent function, where the amounts and rates of material anabolism decrease with changes in distance to the central business district (CBD) and city administration center (CAC). The cumulative metabolic rate and cumulative total metabolism were observed to be increasing, however, the growth rate has decreased.

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Miura, Paula Orchiucci, Gislaine Martins Ricardo Passarini, Loraine Seixas Ferreira, Rui Alexandre Paquete Paixão, Leila Salomão de La Plata Cury Tardivo und Dora Mariela Salcedo Barrientos. „Cumulative Vulnerability: A Case Study on intrafamilial violence, Drug Addiction and Adolescent Pregnancy“. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 48, spe2 (Dezember 2014): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420140000800009.

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A pregnant adolescent’s vulnerability increases when she is a victim of intrafamilial violence and drug addiction, which cause physical and biopsychosocial damage to the mother and her baby. Objective Present and analyze the case of an adolescent who is addicted to drugs, pregnant and the victim of lifelong intrafamilial violence. Method A case study based on a semi-structured interview conducted in the Obstetrics Emergency Unit at the Teaching Hospital of the University of São Paulo. The data were interpreted and analyzed using Content Analysis. Results intrafamilial violence experienced at the beginning of the adolescent’s early relationships seriously affected her emotional maturity, triggering the development of psychopathologies and leaving her more susceptible to the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs. The adolescent is repeating her history with her daughter, reproducing the cycle of violence. Conclusion Adolescent pregnancy combined with intrafamilial violence and drug addiction and multiplies the adolescent’s psychosocial vulnerability increased the adolescent’s vulnerability.

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Ibrahim, Suleiman Khalifa Arafa, und Mahmoud Ali Ahmed. „Prediction of Students’ Cumulative Grade Point Averages (CGPAs) at Graduation: A Case Study“. International Journal of Computer Applications 174, Nr. 24 (18.03.2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/ijca2021921149.

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Mailhot, Tanya, Sylvie Cossette, Jean Lambert, William Beaubien-Souligny, Alexis Cournoyer, Eileen O'Meara, Marc-André Maheu-Cadotte et al. „Delirium After Cardiac Surgery and Cumulative Fluid Balance: A Case-Control Cohort Study“. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia 33, Nr. 1 (Januar 2019): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2018.07.012.

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Andrienko, Natalia, und Gennady Andrienko. „Cumulative curves for exploration of demographic data: a case study of Northwest England“. Computational Statistics 19, Nr. 1 (Februar 2004): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02915274.

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Rugh, Jacob S., Len Albright und Douglas S. Massey. „Race, Space, and Cumulative Disadvantage: A Case Study of the Subprime Lending Collapse“. Social Problems 62, Nr. 2 (Mai 2015): 186–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spv002.

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Jensen, Craig D. „Sonoran pronghorn, cumulative impacts and the Endangered Species Act: A litigation case study“. Federal Facilities Environmental Journal 13, Nr. 3 (2002): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffej.10043.

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Agbayani, Selina, Jocelyn C. Nelson, Craig Schweitzer, Tanvi Vaidyanathan und Cathryn Clarke Murray. „Stability and reliability of regional cumulative impact mapping: A Canadian Pacific case study“. Journal of Environmental Management 371 (Dezember 2024): 123105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123105.

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BONNELL, STEVE, und KEITH STOREY. „ADDRESSING CUMULATIVE EFFECTS THROUGH STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: A CASE STUDY OF SMALL HYDRO DEVELOPMENT IN NEWFOUNDLAND, CANADA“. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 02, Nr. 04 (Dezember 2000): 477–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333200000485.

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Environmental assessment (EA) is widely used as a means of incorporating environmental considerations into decision-making, primarily at the project level. The scope of EA has been expanded considerably in recent years to include earlier stages of the decision-making process, namely, policies, plans and programmes. Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) facilitates a planning approach to addressing the overall, cumulative effects of the projects that occur as a result of these decisions. This paper demonstrates the potential benefits of SEA in the assessment and management of cumulative effects, using a case study of recent hydroelectric development planning in Newfoundland, Canada. It goes on to illustrate how SEA could be used to address potential cumulative effects at the various stages of such a decision-making process. Through the case study, the paper also explores a number of issues in the implementation of such a planning approach.

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Vanichvatana, Sonthya. „Who uses home as informal learning spaces: A Bangkok private university case study“. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 12, Nr. 1 (31.01.2020): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v12i1.4416.

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Home is one type of off-campus informal learning spaces (ILS). It is important to understand the behaviours of students who use home as ILS. Such information will enlighten universities to provide/improve proper on-campus ILS and/or other academic supports. This research used a quantitative approach through an online questionnaire survey during February 2019. This study used business students at a Bangkok private university as a case study. The descriptive analysis was done according to students’ cumulative grade point average (CGPA) and undergraduate levels. The results revealed how and why students, especially those with different levels of CGPA, chose to study at home. This study also suggests how higher education institution (HEI) can support ILS to students who do not study at home. Students with different CGPA levels should be supported by HEI differently. Keywords: Cumulative grade point average, higher education institution, home, informal learning spaces, learning spaces.

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Nekoonam, Mahdi, Hooman Rahimi und Keyvan Ahzan. „Evaluation of urban transportation indicators with emphasis on sustainable development (Case study: Andishe New City)“. Journal of Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5, Nr. 04 (13.09.2019): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jrset.vol5iss04pp50-58.

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This research aims on evaluation and prioritization urban transport sustainability indexes in Andisheh new city by descriptive-analytical methodology and application of factor analysis method. Surveying method was used in this research through questionnaire to collect data. Statistical population of this research was all citizens of Andisheh city. Sample volume was selected 383 persons by Cochran general formula, and simple random sampling and multistage clustering sampling methods were used to select sample population. Factor analysis statistics tests and T-test in SPSS software were used to analyze data to study the validity and reliability of questionnaire. After data analysis, two factors or indexes of “economic trip” or “green economy” with 0.61% cumulative variance in economic sustainability, two factors of “social welfare and justice” and “social security and health” with 0.61% cumulative variance in social sustainability, and one factor of “pure environment” factor with 0.62% cumulative variance in environment sustainability were extracted. Based on citizens ideas of Andisheh city and statistical analysis, economic trip index in economic sustainability, “social welfare and justice” index in social sustainability index and “pure environment” index in environment sustainability with values of -0.2549, -0.2488, and -0.3239, respectively didn’t have proper conditions and have higher priorities. Therefore, it is suggested to have more emphasis and attentions on planning to promote these indexes.

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Kotsyumbas, I. Ja, O. M. Brezvyn, Y. A. Ivashkiv, H. V. Rudyk und Ju V. Muzika. „STUDY OF THE CUMULATIVE PROPERTIES OF «INDEZ» ON LABORATORY WHITE RATES“. Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, Nr. 1 (01.06.2020): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.11.

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The article presents the results of the study of «Indez» disinfectant. An effective disinfectant for use in animal husbandry should be easy to use, be non-toxic, have broad bactericidal spectrum, be non-carcinogenic, have non-addictive micro-flora and provide a permanent bactericidal effect in the presence of animals, while sanitizing the air environment. «Indez» disinfectant is a small, amorphous grey powder with a specific odour, well sprayed. It is composed of triiodomethane (iodoform), zinc oxide, iron sulphate (II) (iron sulphate), copper sulphate, silicon dioxide, zeolite, active essential oils, a complex of surfactants and pH regulators, auxiliaries. This preparation can be used in the presence of animals; the disinfectant effect is based on the spectrum of antimicrobial action of its constituents. In the experiment of the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» 80 white rats weighing 180-200 ± 10 g, tested doses of 1/5, 1/10, 1/20, from DL50 were used. To the animals of the experimental group, the suspension of the preparation was administered orally: in the first 4 days - 1/5 of DL50, then 1/10 and 1/20. Animals of the control group were administered saline at a dose of 0.5 ml. Observations on rats were carried out for 22 days. Depending on the dose of the drug, the cumulation coefficient. As a result of the study of the cumulative properties of the drug it is established that the introduction of a total dose of «Indez» 56,8 cm3 per 1 kg body weight does not cause death of white rats. When conducting a total dose of 63,4 cm3 / kg body weight one animal died, representing 5 %. Further administration of the drug lethality was on the 18-th day (total dose 83,13 cm3 / kg) – 15 %, on the 19-th day (total dose 93,0 cm3 / kg) – 20 % and the 20-th day (total dose 102,87 cm3 / kg) – 45 %. With an increase of 9,873 1,5 times (1,8095 cm3 / kg) on the 21-st day, the mortality rate was 80 %, and on the 22-nd day of the studies 90 % of laboratory animals were killed, the total dose was 1032,49 cm3 / kg. Under the study of the cumulative properties of «Indez» disinfectant, it was found that the cumulation coefficient in rats is 2,2 units. This, in turn, indicates that the test agent has moderately pronounced properties for cumulation. In this case, white rats inhibit the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and reduce the body’s defences, as evidenced by a probable decrease in leukocyte count and a slight decrease in haemoglobin, lymphocyte count, spleen mass factor, and increased segmentation.

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Aldambi, Abdulla Ali, und Abbas Mohamed Al-Khudafi. „Impact of physical properties on material balance calculations: case study AL-Nasr oil field, Shabwah Governorate“. University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 25, Nr. 1 (22.03.2022): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47372/uajnas.2021.n1.a11.

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The accuracy of many petroleum engineering calculations (e.g., material balance calculations, reserve estimation, well test analysis, advanced production data analysis, nodal analysis, surface network modeling, surface separation, and numerical reservoir simulations) largely depends on the accuracy of the data on pressure, volume, and temperature (PVT). An approach to improve the material balance calculation method is presented in this study. To achieve the objective, PVTP and MBAL Software programs were applied. PVT model was built by different methods. Software was implemented to calculate stock-tank oil, initially in place (STOIIP), using different approaches. Sensitive analysis was performed to investigate the effect of different parameters on material balance calculation. Illustration of the proposed approach was done on the data obtained from AL-Nasr oil field. The Average absolute error of PVT properties such as bubble-point pressure, relative volume, oil formation volume factor, Solution gas oil ratio and oil density is used to compare between actual and calculated values. Results showed a good agreement. History production (cumulative oil production, cumulative gas production, cumulative water production) were also calculated to investigate the match between history parameters and calculated parameters. Results indicated that the impact of PVT errors on material balance calculations can be significant.

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Eiswerth, Mark E., Loretta Singletary, John R. Zimmerman und Wayne S. Johnson. „Dynamic Benefit–Cost Analysis for Controlling Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium): A Case Study“. Weed Technology 19, Nr. 2 (Juni 2005): 237–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-136r.

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Perennial pepperweed, found throughout the western United States, reduces biodiversity and causes economic losses in the form of control costs as well as decreased quantity and quality of agricultural yields. The future stream of net benefits of weed management and the future point in time at which they will have accumulated enough to equal total management costs were estimated under different land-use and expansion rate scenarios. Benefits and costs were calculated in present value terms by applying a rate of discount to future values. On land used solely for grazing, the total economic returns from management did not equal total costs until 15 yr after initial treatment. However, on land used for grazing plus hay harvest, cumulative benefits equaled and began to exceed cumulative costs after 4 to 5 yr. The costs and benefits of management efforts were also estimated for a landowner, who controls an adjacent infestation before it spreads. This landowner benefited economically from weed management in as little as 5 to 6 yr, highlighting the importance of cooperative efforts to control nearby weed infestations.

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Zhong, Xueli, Xiaoshun Li und Yongfeng Li. „Urban Expansion and Carbon Emission Logistic Curve Hypothesis and Its Verification: A Case Study of Jiangsu Province“. Land 11, Nr. 7 (13.07.2022): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071066.

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Based on the general patterns of urban expansion and carbon emissions at home and abroad, the IPCC carbon emission coefficient estimation method and logistic equation are applied to verify the logistic curve relationship between urban expansion and carbon emissions and to quantitatively measure the upper limit of carbon emissions and the inflection point of carbon emission growth. The results show that (1) the corresponding cumulative carbon emission intensity of foreign (regional) urban expansion gradually decreases during the transition from the primary stage to the saturation stage; (2) urban expansion and carbon emissions in China are characterized by cyclical fluctuations during the 1978–2014 period, and the fluctuations of the two show significant decoupling or divergence after 2014; and (3) urban expansion and carbon emission in Jiangsu province during the 2002–2019 period shows a logistic curve hypothesis relationship, and the cumulative carbon emissions in the built-up areas of Southern Jiangsu, Central Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu show an inflection point when they reach 3128.12 km2, 627.25 km2 and 973.9 km2, with the cumulative carbon emission caps of 197.238 × 108 t, 14.487 × 108 t and 29.289 × 108 t, respectively.

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Scanlon, Bridget R., Robert C. Reedy und Brad D. Wolaver. „Assessing cumulative water impacts from shale oil and gas production: Permian Basin case study“. Science of The Total Environment 811 (März 2022): 152306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152306.

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Lunn, David J., Jon Wakefield und Amy Racine-Poon. „Cumulative logit models for ordinal data: a case study involving allergic rhinitis severity scores“. Statistics in Medicine 20, Nr. 15 (2001): 2261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.922.

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Abraham, Aidoo Borsah, Annan Boah Evans und Brantson Eric Thompson. „Analysis of Spatial Distribution Pattern of Reservoir Petrophysical Properties for Horizontal Well Performance Evaluation-A Case Study of Reservoir X“. Open Petroleum Engineering Journal 12, Nr. 1 (23.04.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874834101912010001.

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Introduction: Building a large number of static models to analyze reservoir performance is vital in reservoir development planning. For the purpose of maximizing oil recovery, reservoir behavior must be modelled properly to predict its performance. This requires the study of the variation of the reservoir petrophysical properties as a function of spatial location. Methods: In recent times, the method used to analyze reservoir behavior is the use of reservoir simulation. Hence, this study seeks to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of reservoir petrophysical properties such as porosity, permeability, thickness, saturation and ascertain its effect on cumulative oil production. Geostatistical techniques were used to distribute the petrophysical properties in building a 2D static model of the reservoir and construction of dynamic model to analyze reservoir performance. Vertical to horizontal permeability anisotropy ratio affects horizontal wells drilled in the 2D static reservoir. The performance of the horizontal wells appeared to be increasing steadily as kv/kh increases. At kv/kh value of 0.55, a higher cumulative oil production was observed compared to a kv/kh ratio of 0.4, 0.2, and 0.1. In addition, horizontal well length significantly affects cumulative oil production of the petroleum reservoir studied. Results: At kv/kh of 0.55, the results of the analysis showed a rapid decrement in cumulative oil production as the horizontal well length decreases. Considering horizontal well length of 3000 ft, 2000 ft, and 1500 ft, a minimum cumulative oil production was obtained from a horizontal well length of 1500 ft. Conclusion: The geostatistical and reservoir simulation methods employed in this study will serve as an insight in analyzing horizontal well performance.

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Xin, Feifei, Yifan Chen und Yitong Ye. „Understanding Electric Bicycle Users’ Mode Choice Preference under Uncertainty: A Case Study of Shanghai“. Sustainability 14, Nr. 2 (14.01.2022): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020925.

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The electric bicycle is considered as an environmentally friendly mode, the market share of which is growing fast worldwide. Even in metropolitan areas which have a well-developed public transportation system, the usage of electric bicycles continues to grow. Compared with bicycles, the power transferred from the battery enables users to ride faster and have long-distance trips. However, research on electric bicycle travel behavior is inadequate. This paper proposes a cumulative prospect theory (CPT) framework to describe electric bicycle users’ mode choice behavior. Different from the long-standing use of utility theory, CPT considers travelers’ inconsistent risk attitudes. Six socioeconomic characteristics are chosen to discriminate conservative and adventurous electric bicycle users. Then, a CPT model is established which includes two parts: travel time and travel cost. We calculate the comprehensive cumulative prospect value (CPV) for four transportation modes (electric bicycle, bus, subway and private car) to predict electric bicycle users’ mode choice preference under different travel distance ranges. The model is further validated via survey data.

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Xin, Dai, und Tianshan Ma. „Commuter Travel Behavior Modeling in Metropolitan Areas Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory: A Case Study of Xi’an, China“. Complexity 2024 (30.01.2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/8867264.

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A metropolitan area is a new form of urban development under the agglomeration effect and scale economy. The renewal and upgrading of urban spatial structures have brought new pressure to urban commuting. Under the new form of the metropolitan area, the process of regional integration has accelerated, and long-distance extreme commuting has increased. New changes have taken place in the travel structure. This paper constructs a travel behavior selection model for office workers based on the cumulative prospect theory, introduces the value of commuting travel time into the generalized travel cost function, uses the weight function and the improved generalized travel cost function as the basis of the transportation mode selection model, defines the reference point of the generalized travel cost in the model, and selects the prospect with the largest cumulative prospect value as the optimal decision for travelers. Based on the “expected utility maximization theory” and the “cumulative prospect theory,” the commuter is simulated under four different travel scenarios to study the optimal traffic mode selection behavior. The results show that under the framework of expected utility theory, the travel mode choice behavior of commuters is not affected by travel scenarios, and the cumulative prospect theory is more suitable for the study of travel mode choice behavior. The construction of a transportation mode selection model with the value of commuting travel time as the core variable can help commuters to choose a reasonable transportation mode and provide a basis for the government and relevant departments to formulate traffic management plans and implement traffic congestion mitigation policies.

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Airoldi, Chiara, Daniela Ferrante, Dario Mirabelli, Danila Azzolina und Corrado Magnani. „Evaluation of Nonresponse Bias in a Case–Control Study of Pleural Mesothelioma“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 17 (24.08.2020): 6146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176146.

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Nonparticipation limits the power of epidemiological studies, and can cause bias. In a case–control study on pleural malignant mesothelioma (MM), we found low participation in interviews (63%) among controls. Our goal was to characterize nonresponder controls and assess nonresponse bias in our study. We selected all nonresponder controls (204) and a random sample of responder controls (174). Data were obtained linking hospital admissions and town registrars, and concordance between sources was assessed. Nonresponse bias was evaluated using a logistic regression model applying the inverse probability weighting approach. The odds ratio (OR) for the status of the respondents was 0.61 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33–1.16) for controls aged 61–70, 0.37 (CI: 0.20–0.66) for those aged 71–80, and 0.40 (CI: 0.20–0.80) for those aged above 80 (reference group: ≤60 years). Controls with low education level had lower OR (0.47; CI: 0.26–0.84). After adjustment, the ORs for MM by categories of cumulative exposure to asbestos were similar to the unadjusted results, ranging from 4.6 (CI: 1.8–11.7) for cumulative exposures between 0.1 and 1 f/mL-y to 57.5 (CI: 20.2–163.9) above 10 f/mL-y. Responder controls were younger and had higher education level. Nevertheless, there was little evidence of bias from nonresponse in the risk estimates of MM.

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Suraya, Anna, Dennis Nowak, Astrid Widajati Sulistomo, Aziza Ghanie Icksan, Elisna Syahruddin, Ursula Berger und Stephan Bose-O’Reilly. „Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in Indonesia“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, Nr. 2 (16.01.2020): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020591.

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Indonesia has limited data on asbestos-related diseases despite abundant use. This study investigated the risk of occupational asbestos exposure for lung cancer development, utilizing a hospital-based case-control study. Subjects were patients who received a thoracic CT scan at Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta. The cases had primary lung cancer confirmed by histology, the controls were negative for lung cancer. The cumulative occupational asbestos exposure was calculated by multiplying the exposure intensity by the years of exposure. The exposure intensity was obtained by adopting the weighted arithmetic mean value of asbestos exposure from a job-exposure matrix developed in Korea. The primary data analysis was based on logistic regression. The study included 696 subjects, with 336 cases and 360 controls. The chance of lung cancer for subjects exposed to asbestos was doubled (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.21–3.42) compared with unexposed, and subjects with a cumulative asbestos exposure of 10 fiber-years or more even showed an OR of 3.08 (95% CI = 1.01–9.46). The OR of the combined effect between smoking and asbestos was 8.7 (95% CI = 1.71–44.39); the interaction was consistent with an additive and multiplicative risk model. Asbestos exposure is associated with a higher chance of lung cancer. Improved policies are needed to protect the population from asbestos hazards.

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Lynch, Christopher J., und Ross Gore. „Short-Range Forecasting of COVID-19 During Early Onset at County, Health District, and State Geographic Levels Using Seven Methods: Comparative Forecasting Study“. Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, Nr. 3 (23.03.2021): e24925. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/24925.

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Background Forecasting methods rely on trends and averages of prior observations to forecast COVID-19 case counts. COVID-19 forecasts have received much media attention, and numerous platforms have been created to inform the public. However, forecasting effectiveness varies by geographic scope and is affected by changing assumptions in behaviors and preventative measures in response to the pandemic. Due to time requirements for developing a COVID-19 vaccine, evidence is needed to inform short-term forecasting method selection at county, health district, and state levels. Objective COVID-19 forecasts keep the public informed and contribute to public policy. As such, proper understanding of forecasting purposes and outcomes is needed to advance knowledge of health statistics for policy makers and the public. Using publicly available real-time data provided online, we aimed to evaluate the performance of seven forecasting methods utilized to forecast cumulative COVID-19 case counts. Forecasts were evaluated based on how well they forecast 1, 3, and 7 days forward when utilizing 1-, 3-, 7-, or all prior–day cumulative case counts during early virus onset. This study provides an objective evaluation of the forecasting methods to identify forecasting model assumptions that contribute to lower error in forecasting COVID-19 cumulative case growth. This information benefits professionals, decision makers, and the public relying on the data provided by short-term case count estimates at varied geographic levels. Methods We created 1-, 3-, and 7-day forecasts at the county, health district, and state levels using (1) a naïve approach, (2) Holt-Winters (HW) exponential smoothing, (3) a growth rate approach, (4) a moving average (MA) approach, (5) an autoregressive (AR) approach, (6) an autoregressive moving average (ARMA) approach, and (7) an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approach. Forecasts relied on Virginia’s 3464 historical county-level cumulative case counts from March 7 to April 22, 2020, as reported by The New York Times. Statistically significant results were identified using 95% CIs of median absolute error (MdAE) and median absolute percentage error (MdAPE) metrics of the resulting 216,698 forecasts. Results The next-day MA forecast with 3-day look-back length obtained the lowest MdAE (median 0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.84, P<.001) and statistically significantly differed from 39 out of 59 alternatives (66%) to 53 out of 59 alternatives (90%) at each geographic level at a significance level of .01. For short-range forecasting, methods assuming stationary means of prior days’ counts outperformed methods with assumptions of weak stationarity or nonstationarity means. MdAPE results revealed statistically significant differences across geographic levels. Conclusions For short-range COVID-19 cumulative case count forecasting at the county, health district, and state levels during early onset, the following were found: (1) the MA method was effective for forecasting 1-, 3-, and 7-day cumulative case counts; (2) exponential growth was not the best representation of case growth during early virus onset when the public was aware of the virus; and (3) geographic resolution was a factor in the selection of forecasting methods.

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Jansen, F. M., S. Lubeek, N. den Broeder, E. Savelkoul, C. Marcus, F. Hoentjen und W. van Dop. „P589 Total thiopurine exposure and impact on the development of keratinocyte carcinomas in Inflammatory Bowel Disease patients; a case control study“. Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (01.01.2022): i525—i526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.715.

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Abstract Background Keratinocyte skin cancer (KSC) including basal-cell carcinomas (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), is the most prevalent cancer-type in the Netherlands with an increasing incidence and impact on morbidity. In addition to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), thiopurines used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are associated with KSC development. It is unclear whether this is a dose response relationship. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the cumulative dose of thiopurines and the development of KSCs in IBD patients. Methods A single-center retrospective case control study was conducted and we included patients with IBD on thiopurines and a history of KSC (n=50, cases) as well as without KSC (n= 150, controls). For each patient we calculated the cumulative dose of azathioprine (AZA), 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and tioguanine (6-TG) as primary outcome, and of methotrexate (MTX) as secondary outcome. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed, the latter corrected for known risk factors and potential confounders: age and smoking. Results 200 IBD patients were included (see Table 1). There were more cases (24%) using azathioprine at time of KSC onset compared to 11.3% of controls at time of inclusion (p= 0.028). Independent variables including age at inclusion (OR 1.065, CI 1.038–1.092) and IBD disease duration (OR 1.040, CI 1.016–1.065) were significantly associated with KSC. No significant association was found between KSC development and smoking, cumulative thiopurine use, nor between KSC development and cumulative MTX use. To account for possible non-linear effects, cut-offs at the registered 1- and 3-years- cumulative doses were assessed. Here, no significant results were found for any of the distinct thiopurines or MTX, the 3-years cumulative use of AZA had the highest odds ratio of 1.085 (CI 0.795–1.482). In multivariate logistic regression analyses (see Table 2), age per 10 years remained significant associated (p=0.005) (OR 1.666, CI 1.165–2.381). Conclusion This study showed that in IBD-patients IBD duration (only in univariable regression analysis) and age (in both uni- and multivariable regression analyses) are important risk factors for KSC development while cumulative exposure of thiopurines and MTX did not show an association. The dose response association between KSC and thiopurines requires further research.

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L. Wang, Catherine, Mohammed Rafiq, Xiaoqing Li und Yu Zheng. „Entrepreneurial preparedness: an exploratory case study of Chinese private enterprises“. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 20, Nr. 4 (27.05.2014): 351–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-06-2013-0079.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance the conceptualisation of entrepreneurial preparedness (EP), and study how EP occurs in new venture creation and management. Design/methodology/approach – The paper primarily draws evidence from an exploratory case study of two Chinese high-tech private enterprises operating in the healthcare industry in Beijing, following a two-stage sampling process: informal, purposive sampling; and formal, theoretical sampling. Qualitative data collected from multiple semi-structured interviews within each firm were analysed using a thematic analytical framework. Findings – The paper advances the conceptualisation of EP as a cumulative, social and purposeful learning process. Accordingly, the paper highlights the roles of experiential learning, social learning and entrepreneurial goals (both performance and learning goals) as mechanisms that enable EP in entrepreneurial management. Research limitations/implications – The findings reveal idiosyncrasies of EP in a particular context. Future research may investigate different types of entrepreneurs or entrepreneurial firms. Furthermore, this study uses triangulation of retrospective interview data with concurrent interview and secondary data. Future research may pursue concurrent longitudinal case study data to unpack real-time events in entrepreneurial management. Practical implications – The findings have practical implications for entrepreneurs and “would-be” entrepreneurs to better understand their learning needs and how they can prepare themselves for entrepreneurial challenges. Originality/value – EP as an emerging concept within the entrepreneurial learning (EL) literature requires conceptual and empirical development. The paper advances the conceptualisation of EP, supported with empirical evidence. By articulating the cumulative, social and purposeful nature of EP, the paper contributes to the understanding of the human and social dynamics of EL.

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Cazzoletti, Lucia, Maria Elisabetta Zanolin, Ilaria Tocco Tussardi, Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu, Ernesto Zanetel, Donatella Visentin, Luca Fabbri et al. „Risk Factors Associated with Nursing Home COVID-19 Outbreaks: A Retrospective Cohort Study“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 16 (10.08.2021): 8434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168434.

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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a devastating impact on nursing homes/long-term care facilities. This study examined the relationship between geography, size, design, organizational characteristics, and implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) measures and the extent of COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes in the Autonomous Province of Trento (Italy) during the time frame of March-May 2020. Methods: The analysis included 57 nursing homes (5145 beds). The association between median cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases among residents and characteristics of nursing homes was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test or Spearman rho. To evaluate the potential confounding of geographical area, a 2-level random intercept logistic model was fitted, with level 1 units (patients in nursing homes) nested into level 2 units (nursing homes), and “being a COVID-19 case” as the dependent variable. Results: Median cumulative incidence was not significantly associated with any of the variables, except for geographical region (p = 0.002). COVID-19 cases clustered in the part of the province bordering the Italian region most affected by the pandemic (Lombardy) (45% median cumulative incidence). Conclusions: Structural/organizational factors and standard IPC measures may not predict the epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreaks and be sufficient alone to protect nursing homes against them.

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Pati, Tanmay, Shruti Kabra und Utkarsh Chadha. „Statistical Quality Study of the Parts Produced in an Automobile Industry: A Daimler India Case Study“. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1206, Nr. 1 (01.11.2021): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1206/1/012022.

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Abstract Every manufacturing industry considers defect-free production in this competitive era. Though it is practically impossible to improve the rate of defect minimization, statistical tools can be used. In this case study, we take data from Daimler India, an automobile part manufacturing industry specialized in manufacturing OEM tools like chassis, oil filter nipple, and so on, and study how many defects are made during the day. The defect-causing process was eliminated after using statistical quality control tools such as np charts and cumulative sum charts, resulting in higher production quality.

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