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Shaibu, Sheila. „Ethical and Cultural Considerations in Informed Consent in Botswana“. Nursing Ethics 14, Nr. 4 (Juli 2007): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007077884.
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Reflections on my experience of conducting research in Botswana are used to highlight tensions and conflicts that arise from adhering to the western conceptualization of bioethics and the need to be culturally sensitive when carrying out research in one's own culture. Cultural practices required the need to exercise discretionary judgement guided by respect for the culture and decision-making protocols of the research participants. Ethical challenges that arose are discussed. The brokerage role of nurse educators and leaders in contextualizing western bioethics is emphasized.
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Skelcher, Shannon. „Cultural Conceptions of Flipped Learning“. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 13, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2017): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2017100102.
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The use of flipped learning as a pedagogical approach has increased in the 21st century. While there is an existing survey of literature regarding the development in American educational institutions – and fewer in an Asian context – there are some unique cultural considerations that may need to be examined regarding flipped learning's adoption and adaptation in Asia. This paper serves as a literature review focusing on several Asian nations with respect to three major considerations in comparison to the United States: geographical, educational, and cultural. After the comprehensive review, which comments on the number of relevant publications available per nation, this paper concludes that there is no significant barrier to the implementation of flipped learning in Asia beyond the existing considerations apparent in the United States (access, time, and institutional support). Additionally, the prevalence of flipped learning in Asia, and the purposes of various studies surveyed, indicate that cultural barriers, at least in this area, are becoming less notable or authoritative as national or historical distinctions are diminishing through Millennials' tendencies toward globalization.
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Sitter-Liver, Beat. „Against the right of the stronger: ethical considerations concerning cultural property“. European Review 3, Nr. 3 (Juli 1995): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001526.
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The ethical justification, not the juridic legitimacy of trading in art and cultural property is explored. The reflection is limited to matters of principle, the major aim being to erect a normative basis providing criteria and arguments for the debate concerning our dealing with cultural property. The terms of cultural property or cultural witness are explained. Cultural goods are considered expressions of human dignity. Accordingly, their use as a mere means contradicts the ethical responsibility of rational beings, whereas preservation and exchange of cultural goods become an ethical obligation. The traditional distinction between persons and things appears not appropriate for deciding the particular status of cultural goods, cultural property being an indispensable precondition of dignified human existence. It ought to be handed down to future generations. Restitution of cultural property is a further, though not absolute obligation. Ownership rights and the freedom to conduct trade and business do not automatically outweigh it. The buyer's claim to good faith will not necessarily protect him against the demand of restitution. With all this, the normative frame of the 1970 UNESCO Convention for preventing illicit trading in cultural property can be reconstructed: The ultimate goal of respectfully dealing with cultural property is the individual in his or her dignity as a human being, and his or her responsibility to society. Since the collective is a precondition of individual existence, it must be allowed to maintain and strengthen its identity. Cultural property is essential to that end. The respect of human dignity is thus the source of the obligation to respect cultural property.
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Heater, Mary Lou. „Ethnocultural Considerations in Family Therapy“. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 9, Nr. 2 (April 2003): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-3903(03)00020-x.
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Concepts of culture occur in multiple aspects of American life, particularly in family relationships. Family therapists must view troubled families through a cultural lens to best assess, diagnose, and treat them. This includes understanding basic tenets of a culture, demonstrating respect, and developing an awareness of one’s own culture. The purpose of this paper is to examine ethnicity, acculturation, and culturally competent family therapy interventions for five major “ethnocultures” prevalent in communities in the United States. Acknowledging the influence of ethnocultural factors helps the family therapist to understand how families view their problems and how they can be successfully treated.
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Nyakas, Levente. „Quota Rules in Respect of Audiovisual Media Regulation – On the Borderline of Economic and Cultural Considerations“. Hungarian Yearbook of International Law and European Law 2, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2014): 447–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5553/hyiel/266627012014002001027.
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Carmi, Na'ama. „Immigration Policy: Between Demographic Considerations and Preservation of Culture“. Law & Ethics of Human Rights 2, Nr. 1 (01.01.2008): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1938-2545.1025.
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Cultural rights of minority groups are recognized in international human rights law. These rights include the right of minority groups to adopt various measures to protect their cultural identity, which may include closure of the groups community from outsiders. The state in which such groups reside has a concurrent duty to respect these rights and sometimes even to take positive measures to ensure their implementation. The consideration of demographic factors, then, is regarded as legitimate when designed to protect minority groups. The rights of majority groups, on the other hand, are often ensured by the mere fact that they constitute a majority within the state and as such do not require special measures.This state of affairs is challenged, however, in face of mass immigration that could change the relation existing between majority and minority groups within the state. Under these circumstances, does a majority have the right to preserve its own culture through an immigration policy that takes into account demographic factors? I argue that the duty of states under international human rights law to protect rights of minority groups might serve as an incentive to restrict immigration endangering the character of the state. This characterthe states public cultureis the outcome of collective preferences of the majority of its citizens, which is assumed ought to be respected.
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Grosskopf, Sina, und Christoph Barmeyer. „Learning from multi-paradigmatic sensitivity in cross-cultural management? Empirical and theoretical considerations“. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 21, Nr. 2 (03.06.2021): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14705958211019437.
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Paradigms are basic assumptions about how social reality is perceived, understood and explained. Whereas most research is based on a single paradigm, few empirical papers show the advantages of using multiple paradigms within a study. This article pleads for multi-paradigm studies in cross-cultural management research in order to reach a more multifaceted representation of cultural phenomena. This is particularly consistent with the field of cross-cultural management, because it would be ethnocentric to consider intercultural situations only from one perspective, usually that of one’s own culture. The argument corresponds to the ambition of cross-cultural management to respect and adopt multiple (cultural) perspectives and, analogously, to achieve a ‘paradigmatic ethnorelativism’. Based on an intercultural situation, and therefore going beyond meta-theoretical reasoning, this article demonstrates multi-paradigmatic sensitivity in terms of the functionalist, interpretive and critical paradigms. The use of these theoretical concepts leads to multiple angles and a less ‘ethnocentric’ position, and hence to more nuanced knowledge creation with regard to the intercultural situation. The ‘blind spots’ of each paradigm, but also their complementarities, are discussed. Consequently, this article raises theoretical and practical implications for cross-cultural management by offering a way to a richer understanding of intercultural situations through openness to different paradigms.
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Zaslawski, Christopher. „Ethical Considerations for Acupuncture and Chinese Herbal Medicine Clinical Trials: A Cross-Cultural Perspective“. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 7, Nr. 3 (2010): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nen055.
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Many ethical concerns revolve around the four basic principles of research: merit and integrity, respect for human beings, weighting of risk–benefit and justice. These principles form the basis for any discussion concerning human research ethics and are applicable to all areas of research including acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine. World Health Organisation document,Guidelines for Clinical Research on Acupuncture, states that ‘consideration should be given to the different value systems that are involved in human rights such as social, cultural and historical issues’ and that ‘further studies should be conducted in relation to ethical issues involved in clinical research on acupuncture’. In addition to outlining the four basic principles, this paper will also examine the effect of Asian culture on Western human research ethics and how this may impact upon issues such as informed consent and weighting of risk–benefit.
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Bushe, Sierra, und Iris Romero. „Lesbian Pregnancy: Care and Considerations“. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 35, Nr. 05 (September 2017): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1606385.
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AbstractThe constructs and the provision of preconception and obstetrical care have historically been based on the assumption of heterosexuality, and have often excluded lesbian women. However, due to significant strides in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) civil rights, more lesbian women desire to create and expand their families, and lesbian parented families are increasing. This places obstetrical care providers at the forefront of the movement to build inclusive health care environments. Therefore, it is incumbent upon those of us who work in obstetrics to understand, recognize, and respect the unique cultural considerations that pertain to lesbian women and couples seeking parenthood. This review seeks to provide culturally sensitive guidance on the specific concerns and challenges lesbians face, from preconception care to postpartum care, and briefly addresses legal issues and considerations for the nonbiologic mother. The recommendations outlined here are drawn from studies of the experiences of lesbian women with pregnancy. However, the scientific literature is very limited, and there is a clear need for additional obstetrical research focused on this patient group. As professionals committed to assuring optimal outcomes for all obstetrical patients, it is crucial that we promote the inclusion of sexual minority women in our clinical practices and research endeavors.
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Meyer, Maciej. „Cultural issues in economics“. Oeconomia Copernicana 3, Nr. 4 (31.12.2012): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2012.024.
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This article has been written with the purpose of attracting attention to the cultural issues, or rather lack of them, in economics. This topic has not been taken frequently into theoretical considerations due to some difficulties, although its practical implications are of great importance. The meaning of institutions which are a part of cultures has been given more coverage in the literature. The following hypothesis is proposed: culture is an important but underestimated component of the economics theory. Although present in consciousness of some classics it should be incorporated to the theory to a bigger degree. The author makes use of the present literature in order to point out the relevant relationships. The problem with the definitions of the word “culture” with respect to economics best-fitting variants is covered. Also, the relation of the problem issue with the science of economics is shown via the presence in thought of the first economists. Moreover, the relation of cultures with institutions is discussed as well as cultural dimensions. The author pays attention to the meaning of cultures in economic development, consumer behavior, international marketing, and business contacts.
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Halimi, Florentina, Cathy E. Daniel und Iqbal A. AlShammari. „Motivation and Socio-Cultural Milieu of Second Language Learners: Considerations Involved in English Teaching“. English Language Teaching 13, Nr. 5 (27.04.2020): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p149.
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This study investigates the social, psychological, and cultural dimensions of motivation involved in learning English as a second language in Kuwait. It focuses on students’ experience of motivation, emotions, and their cultural background in search of differences and similarities presented by gender, type of high school, and year in university. The effects of motivation and learning experiences are discussed through using the perpectives of Gardner’s socio-educational model, whereas the influence of learners’ cultural context in second language learning is discussed through using Hofstede’s cultural model. Data were gathered by surveying undergraduate students from a private university in Kuwait, which yielded 233 completed questionnaires. The study employed quantitative methods using SPSS application for descriptive data analysis, correlation analysis, t-tests, and ANOVA. The descriptive statistics were calculated based on the data submitted by the students’ responses. The results revealed significant levels of integrative and instrumental motivation, emphasized by female students, which could be attributed to Hofstede's cultural dimensions of certainty, femininity, and collectivist society. Significant levels were also reported for English classes and English use anxiety, which may be attributed to Hofstede’s power distance, which accounts for the high respect accorded to teachers and teaching. Collectively, the results gained from this study provide guidance to disentangle the multitude of factors that affect English language learners. The findings reported in this study may help instructors who need to understand how learners’ cultural values influence the nature of instruction and point toward future research in analyzing multiple factors that assist language learning.
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Raimondo, Fabián. „For Further Research on the Relationship between Cultural Diversity and International Criminal Law“. International Criminal Law Review 11, Nr. 2 (2011): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181211x559761.
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AbstractUNESCO's Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity sees cultural diversity as a source of creativity and progress. International criminal law can protect cultural diversity. However, the relationship between cultural diversity and international criminal law seems based on a paradox: everyone must respect cultural diversity, but no one may invoke it to violate international criminal law. On occasions, this paradox has been exposed to daylight in the practice of international criminal courts. For example, the Special Court for Sierra Leone held with regard to the practice of enlistment of child soldiers that it could not accept any cultural considerations as excuses for criminal conduct. Here we should note (i) that the prohibition of crimes under international law (genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, aggression) is generally accepted as belonging to the realm of jus cogens norms, i.e. norms from which no derogation is permitted, and (ii) UNESCO's Declaration aims at universality and not at uniformity.As international criminal law is intended to apply universally, it is vital that it takes cultural considerations on board. In this article the author reviews the literature available in the field, identifies some of the areas of international criminal law and procedure where problems with cultural diversity have been most conspicuous, and concludes that further research on the relationship between cultural diversity and international criminal law is needed.
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Izadi, Janan. „Women’s Nature in the Qur’an: Hermeneutical Considerations on Traditional and Modern Exegeses“. Open Theology 6, Nr. 1 (08.07.2020): 342–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2020-0015.
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AbstractSome verses of the holy Qur’an speak of a preference of man over woman such as 2:228, 4:34 and 43:18. One can ask whether man and woman have the same essence or whether man has certain characteristics that make him own a different and superior essence. How have exegetes understood these verses through history? Research on more than 100 classical and contemporary Shia and Sunni exegeses demonstrates that understanding of these verses was constant for centuries but was subject to evolution in the twentieth century. In this evolution, the inferiority of women in earlier exegeses was largely replaced by exegeses that provide respect and reverence for women. This change in understanding of the verses has been undoubtedly influenced by improvement in the cultural, social and economic situation of women in the twentieth century. A finding of this research is that some Qur’anic verses have the potentiality for different, and sometimes contradictory, understandings. On the other hand, the cultural and historical frameworks of the exegetes have played a crucial role in their understanding of the Qur’an. Therefore, understanding and interpreting the Qur’an is a dynamic process that should be reviewed according to the needs of the time.
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Madjedi, Kian, und Rukhsaar Daya. „Towards a framework for the development, implementation and sustainability of eHealth interventions in Indigenous communities“. University of Ottawa Journal of Medicine 6, Nr. 1 (11.05.2016): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/uojm.v6i1.1565.
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eHealth technology, an umbrella term including telemedicine, telehealth, and mobile health interventions (among others), has recently begun expanding its reach into Indigenous communities. With this new “migration” comes the need for special consideration of the factors that contribute to “successful” adoption, integration, and sustainability of such eHealth technologies in Indigenous communities. While existing frameworks are typically helpful orientations to guide eHealth implementation, they commonly lack elements that give specific consideration to the important nuances and special considerations when piloting eHealth initiatives in these unique and diverse community and cultural contexts. There is thus a need to expand, adapt, or design new eHealth adoption and implementation frameworks that help guide the piloting and use of health technologies in respectful, ethical, and community-centered ways in Indigenous communities. This paper suggests subjective considerations for the preliminary development of a generic eHealth technology adoption and implementation framework in Indigenous communities. Considerations are divided into three main sections: Development and Adoption; Implementation; and Sustainability, with relevant discussion of the centrality of community engagement, inclusivity, and respect. La cybersanté est une expression utilisée en médecine pour regrouper différentes technologies telles que la télémédecine, la télésanté, et les interventions de santé mobile. Avec une mise en oeuvre graduelle de la cybersanté dans les communautés autochtones, il y a des considérations spéciales et des facteurs spécifiques à prendre en compte pour assurer une intégration efficace et durable de ces technologies. Certaines infrastructures existent déjà pour faciliter l’utilisation de la cybersanté. Toutefois, il est important que l’utilisation de ces technologies soit éthique, respectueuse des différences culturelles autochtones, et en fonction des besoins des communautés autochtones. Cet article suggère des éléments à considérer dans le développement préliminaire d’une approche médicale axée sur la cybersanté et dans la mise en oeuvre d’infrastructure dans les communautés autochtones. Les considérations sont divisées en trois sections : le développement et l’adoption; la mise en oeuvre; et la durabilité, avec une discussion sur l’engagement communautaire, l’inclusion, et le respect mutuel.
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Szuba, Bogusław. „Multi-criteria evaluation of beauty in architecture“. SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 11, Nr. 3 (2019): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1903369s.
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The article deals with the problems of beauty in architecture found in various layers of meaning related to: (*) the creative idea of the planned investment; (*) the ability to determine the right place for the planned investment, harmonising architecture in the space of the location with special consideration of the natural environment; (*) communication and information with the environment; (*) respect for tradition and custom cultivated in the local socio-cultural environment, paying attention to the historical continuity and coherence of the architectural forms used; (*) creativity of shaping space; (*) precision and innovation of the functional and used spatial solutions; (*) partnership relationship with the neighbourhood; (*) broadly understood of participation in the investment process; (*) giving meanings triggering the philosophical message and transcendence; (*) proper use and management; (*) achieving social and cultural goals; (*) ability of planning the transformation / revitalising existing architectural objects. The research method is the analysis of listed components based on literature sources and examples of architectural objects or urban complexes. The considerations lead to the thesis: Beauty in architecture is a state of harmony of aesthetic and utilitarian values of the shaped space in the relations of a creative response to broadly understood conditions of the local, natural, socio-cultural and built environment.
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Markiewicz, Anne. „Closing the Gap through Respect, Relevance, Reciprocity and Responsibility: Issues in the Evaluation of Programs for Indigenous Communities in Australia“. Evaluation Journal of Australasia 12, Nr. 1 (März 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x1201200103.
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This article outlines key considerations and issues inherent in undertaking effective evaluations of programs developed for Indigenous Australians, written from the perspective of a non-Indigenous evaluator. The considerations identified include a number of professional practice areas, namely the need for evaluators to: operate with an understanding and appreciation of the historical and systemic context experienced by Indigenous Australians; work from the basis of a solid code of ethics and practice standards; and operate with high levels of cultural sensitivity and the ability to appreciate Indigenous world views and differences. Another central consideration identified in the article is that evaluators need to hold a commitment to produce useful and useable evaluation findings that can inform future program design and social policy in relation to improving the health and wellbeing of Indigenous Australians. The article develops a number of principles for evaluators to follow in evaluating programs developed for Indigenous Australians. These include: having respect for the importance of historical, socioeconomic and psychological context; commitment to ensuring relevance in methodologies and approaches used; reciprocity in considering the benefits for participating Indigenous communities; and responsibility in undertaking effective communication and consultation. While most evaluators would agree with the above principles and values, the latter can be more challenging to apply in practice and examples of their application to evaluation, and the inherent challenges in the Indigenous context, are described. Such challenges include: operating within the restrictions of government silos with difficulties portraying the complex interrelationships that reflect the lives of Indigenous Australians; reaching consensus on evaluation design and implementation; working within restricted time frames with lack of opportunity to appreciate and reflect the unique differences among Indigenous communities across Australia; limitations inherent in engaging a broad and representative group of Indigenous stakeholders; and lack of control by the evaluator over the dissemination and influence of evaluation findings and results that link with subsequent decision-making processes.
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Ridley, Charles R. „Cross-Cultural Counseling in Theological Context“. Journal of Psychology and Theology 14, Nr. 4 (Dezember 1986): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009164718601400405.
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Cross-cultural counseling is a specialty concerned with improving therapeutic effectiveness when the counselor and client represent different cultural or ethnic backgrounds. Unfortunately, consideration of cross-cultural issues has been greatly neglected in the Christian psychology literature. In response to the neglect, this article examines western cultural assumptions and four salient cross-cultural counseling themes: conceptions of mental health, goals of treatment, techniques of treatment, and roles of therapeutic participants. Five theological implications with respect to these issues are discussed.
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Roberts, Megz. „Embodied Ethical Decision-Making: A Clinical Case Study of Respect for Culturally Based Meaning Making in Mental Healthcare“. American Journal of Dance Therapy 43, Nr. 1 (15.01.2021): 36–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10465-020-09338-3.
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AbstractHow does embodied ethical decision-making influence treatment in a clinical setting when cultural differences conflict? Ethical decision-making is usually a disembodied and rationalized procedure based on ethical codes (American Counseling Association, 2014; American Dance Therapy Association, 2015; American Mental Health Counseling Association, 2015) and a collective understanding of right and wrong. However, these codes and collective styles of meaning making were shaped mostly by White theorists and clinicians. These mono-cultural lenses lead to ineffective mental health treatment for persons of color. Hervey’s (2007) EEDM steps encourage therapists to return to their bodies when navigating ethical dilemmas as it is an impetus for bridging cultural differences in healthcare. Hervey’s (2007) nonverbal approach to Welfel’s (2001) ethical decision steps was explored in a unique case that involved the ethical decision-making process of an African-American dance/movement therapy intern, while providing treatment in a westernized hospital setting to a spiritual Mexican–American patient diagnosed with PTSD and generalized anxiety disorder. This patient had formed a relationship with a spirit attached to his body that he could see, feel, and talk to, but refused to share this experience with his White identifying psychiatric nurse due to different cultural beliefs. Information gathered throughout the clinical case study by way of chronological loose and semi-structured journaling, uncovered an ethical dilemma of respect for culturally based meanings in treatment and how we identify pathology in hospital settings. The application of the EEDM steps in this article is focused on race/ethnicity and spiritual associations during mental health treatment at an outpatient hospital setting. Readers are encouraged to explore ways in which this article can influence them to apply EEDM in other forms of cultural considerations (i.e. age) and mental health facilities. The discussion section of this thesis includes a proposed model for progressing towards active multicultural diversity in mental healthcare settings by way of the three M’s from the relational-cultural theory: movement towards mutuality, mutual empathy, and mutual empowerment (Hartling & Miller, 2004).
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Dharmiasih, Wiwik. „Cultural Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific: Re-focusing UNESCO Designation on Community Participation“. Forest and Society 4, Nr. 2 (01.07.2020): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i2.10028.
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World Heritage Sites, designated by UNESCO, are a growing phenomenon in global governance. Sites are nominated for their Outstanding Universal Values with the objective of protecting against potential threats from man-made or natural causes. This article focuses on one type of recognition, the Cultural Landscape, which is unique because it is a living heritage site. Within Cultural Landscapes, people continue to carry out their lives and livelihoods as part of the site. The aim of this article is to examine the way community participation takes place in the designation of Cultural Landscapes. Findings highlight some ideas for researchers and policymakers to re-examine blind spots relative to community participation and offer some considerations for more meaningfully engaging local voices, particularly with respect to vulnerable populations and generational transition. Overall, research on Cultural Landscapes need not only examine what is being protected, but also must explore the new institutions being established, which can transform sites from within.
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Hunt, Sonya. „The social work regulation project in Aotearoa New Zealand“. Aotearoa New Zealand Social Work 29, Nr. 1 (31.03.2017): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/anzswj-vol29iss1id370.
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INTRODUCTION: In this second of two articles on the history of professionalisation of social work in Aotearoa New Zealand, consideration is given to the more recent coalescing of forces from the 1990s to the initial implementation of the Social Workers Registration Act (2003), which led to our country’s example of a social work regulation project.APPROACH: This critical consideration of social work regulation in Aotearoa New Zealand situates it within the international social work professionalisation context alongside the national context. Consideration is given to the place of leadership and buy-in from the profession, political sponsorship, cultural considerations, and another ministerial review. Overlaying this, an examination of concepts of public trust, respect, and confidence in professions such as social work, are linked to crises of trust in professions in general, and placed within the current neoliberal, market-driven environment in which this project is anchored.CONCLUSION: The literature serves to document the history of social work regulation in Aotearoa New Zealand and as background for an ongoing research project which aims to uncover interests at work and interrogate the legitimacy of those interests, while enabling the voices of key actors from the time to surface, be explored, and be recorded.
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Butowski, Leszek, Marzena Makowska-Iskierka und Wojciech Pokojski. „Tourism space versus tourism destination: methodological considerations and empirical testing of their development“. Geografie 123, Nr. 1 (2018): 85–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2018123010085.
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The traditional understanding of geographical space as a given place seems to be insufficient nowadays. It should be analyzed in a wider context of social, cultural, economic and environmental aspects and even psychological and emotional factors should be considered. It means that tourism space/destination, which has mostly been treated as a geographical domain, should also be studied as a set of similar factors. In this respect, any tourism space/destination is characterized by complexity and multi-dimensionality, which generate an ontological question concerning its nature. Taking these considerations into account, a research problem related to the essence of tourism space/destination as well as the possibility of its development has been formulated. The problem is followed by the hypothesis that the development of tourism space/destination is measured by the achievement of the state of tourism sustainability. In the empirical part, a method to assess the development of tourism space/destination has been proposed.
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Taghvaee, Ali Akbar, Mojtaba Ansari und Hadi Mahmoudi Nejad. „Cultural Beliefs Regarding Persian Gardens with the Emphasis on Water and Trees“. African and Asian Studies 7, Nr. 1 (2008): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921008x273097.
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AbstractIn different cultures people may have different perceptions of and attitudes to some natural phenomena such as wind, water, fire, trees, sun, moon and examples of these sorts. Respect and reverence for water and trees have been institutionalized in many ancient civilizations due to their various socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. In Iranian societies respect for water has been a well known cultural value before and after Islam. The important role of water in the various aspects of human life has been emphasized in the holy books particularly in Avesta and Holy Quran. In these books, water has been introduced as the essence of life; without which life is not possible. According to the description of Paradise or Heaven in the Holy Quran, Muslim architects; with special attention on this description, have built gardens in this mortal world with the intention of the goal that the Persian Gardens in the appearance of eternal and futurity will be a metaphor of the Heaven or Paradise Gardens. This article is trying to study about the attitude of Iranian towards myth of water and trees. There will be also a glance on a number of other civilizations such as China, India and Egypt in this regard. Then the important role and status of water and trees in the environmental enhancement and designing of Persian Gardens will be discussed. And so, considerations about water and trees policies and management addressing the broader array of human perceptions, meanings and values related to cultural aspects of water and trees are needed in Asian countries, especially in Iran.
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Schermerhorn, John R. „Terms of Global Business Engagement in Ethically Challenging Environments: Applications to Burma“. Business Ethics Quarterly 9, Nr. 3 (Juli 1999): 485–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857513.
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Abstract:Today’s international business environment is complicated by human rights abuses and social and economic repression in various countries. This paper introduces controversies with foreign investment in Burma to develop and describe alternative terms of global business engagement in ethically challenging settings. Two forms of engagement—unrestricted and constructive—and two forms of non-engagement—principled and sanctioned—are discussed. All four alternatives are examined for their ethical, social change, and cultural foundations. Additional considerations are posed in respect to constructive engagement, moral leadership by global business executives, needs for model building and evaluative research, and realities in the ethical context of global business.
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Griffiths, Mary. „Moccasins and ‘Respect’: Writing Practices during Media Coverage of the Moe Story“. Media International Australia 88, Nr. 1 (August 1998): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9808800113.
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Metropolitan media coverage moved beyond reporting the alleged abduction of Moe toddler Jaidyn Leskie to describe the social ‘tragedy’ of Victoria's La Trobe Valley, attributing the collapse of country-town innocence and a perceived growth of anti-social behaviour to state-driven ‘dirty’ industry restructuring, unemployment and the collapse of the local small business economy. The representation of Moe as ‘rotten’ offended local readers, sparking a series of mainstream and tactical ‘rewritings’ of Moe's social, moral and physical landscapes. The most effective and noteworthy local response was a special edition of the regional non-daily community paper, The La Trobe Valley Express. In ‘Moe under the microscope’, ‘ordinary citizens’ were given a platform for their views on the ‘hostile’ mainstream media reports, the region and the civic ‘truths’ of Moe. The incident provides a site for the consideration of some of the issues involved in compliance with the new code of ethics for journalists.
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BENMOUSSAT, Smail, und Nabil Djawad BENMOUSAT. „Intercultural Language Teaching: What Skills are needed to cope with a 21st Century EFL classroom?“ Journal of English Language and Literature 8, Nr. 3 (31.12.2017): 701–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/jell.v8i3.339.
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The purpose of this article is to enrich EFL teachers’ understanding of the re-considerations involved in the nature of language learning with respect to the increasing process of global economic, political, linguistic and cultural integration. Needless to say, the globalization process tends to blur national boundaries, and this has already started with the European Union. What is more, the use of computer-assisted learning devices and other ICT tools, which have reduced the world into a village-like planet, have tremendously affected the field of foreign language pedagogy. All this, virtually creates a need for greater cross-cultural knowledge. The language learning communicative ends of the 70s and 80s have been re-moulded on intercultural grounds to give birth to a new concept: inter/cross-cultural competence. This intercultural scheme, one might argue, ensures the link between teaching language and learning culture, hence the intercultural language teaching or ‘teaching-and-learning language-and-culture’ approach (hereafter written TLLC), a term coined by Byram et al. (1994).
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Patten, Alan. „Populist multiculturalism: Are there majority cultural rights?“ Philosophy & Social Criticism 46, Nr. 5 (06.02.2020): 539–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453720903486.
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Theories of multiculturalism explore whether minority cultural groups have rights and claims that limit the nation-building aims of the modern state and that protect a space in which minorities can express, enjoy and preserve their own distinctive cultures. What are the implications of these theories for majority cultures? The concepts, terminology, and arguments made by multicultural theorists in favour of minority rights often seem relevant and applicable to the situations of national majorities. The major arguments associated with multiculturalism do not directly hinge on whether a particular group is in the minority or the majority and thus all seem potentially applicable to the situations of majority cultural groups. The possibility that liberal multicultural arguments for minority rights offer a language for justifying the rights of majority cultures has not gone unnoticed by theorists on the populist right, including those on the far right. The appropriation of liberal theories of multiculturalism by thinkers concerned to defend the prerogatives of traditional White, Christian cultures in Europe and America is a well-documented phenomenon. It is tempting to dismiss these ‘majority rights’ arguments as distortions of the nuanced, subtle views of liberal multiculturalists. In this article, I pursue a different strategy. I try to take seriously the idea that there are majority cultural rights and to explore their basis. This allows us to say more clearly what the limits of those rights are. I shall argue that majorities do have certain rights and permissions with respect to the expression and defence of their culture. But these rights and permissions are grounded in very specific social circumstances and normative considerations and thus face very significant limits.
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Larsen, Svend Erik. „Interdisciplinarity, History and Cultural Encounters“. European Review 26, Nr. 2 (07.03.2018): 354–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798717000734.
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Interdisciplinarity has entered the agenda of researchers, teachers and policy makers and will remain there in the future. This does not mean that interdisciplinarity is understood the same way, let alone is appreciated everywhere. Researchers are challenged by increasingly complex problems in culture, nature and society beyond disciplinary boundaries; higher education has to cater to a volatile job market where known disciplines no longer define their own niches in terms of topics or practices for their candidates; and decision makers are confronted with challenges that do not respect ideologies of political parties and reports based on mainstream knowledge. In this context, interdisciplinarity is an ongoing re-consideration of the creation, the communication and the application of knowledge uniting the perspectives of research, teaching and decision making. While most discussions on interdisciplinarity focus on its theoretical and methodological complexity in an exclusively contemporary perspective, this article will discuss interdisciplinarity in a historical perspective as central to European history of knowledge as well as in an intercultural perspective.*
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Hodes, Matthew, Jayne Creamer und James Woolley. „Cultural meanings of ethnic categories“. Psychiatric Bulletin 22, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.1.20.
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This study investigated the links between aspects of cultural life and response to ethnic monitoring questions, and compared parental and adolescents' responses. Questionnaires were given to consecutive attenders at a child and adolescent psychiatry department situated in central London. Forty-seven parents participated, and 24 adolescents (aged 12–16 years) also completed questionnaires. Parents came from many parts of the world and their offspring were mostly born in the UK, but had varied cultural life with respect to language, peer group and diet. Just over half of the offspring were regarded as ‘White British’ by parents but the second largest group was that marked ‘other’, who all had mixed identity. There were differences in how parents described adolescents, especially in relation to peer culture. Since ethnic categories have limitations the data should be used carefully, and for many aspects of health planning and delivery other cultural variables would be useful. Consideration should be given to the need for specifying whether adolescents or their parents should respond to ethnic monitoring questions.
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Caska, J. „Development of tertiary roads in the Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape“. Journal of Forest Science 55, No. 10 (24.09.2009): 477–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/93/2008-jfs.
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The Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape is an exemplary area that has been influenced by purposeful human activity for a long time. Under these conditions the nonesuch, highly cultural and ecologically valuable landscape complex has come into being. The tertiary road system is a part of this landscape and was built as one of its secondary structures. Forest and rural road systems were designed for higher efficiency of management and better utilization of land with 73% increase in hauling road density and 16% increase in rural cart-road density in the period under consideration. On the basis of evaluation of forest and rural road network development, evaluation of forest conditions and forest management the analysis of tertiary road development and forest management in this area can be made. Finally it is possible to draw up general methodology and principles of forest opening-up in respect of sustainable development. This methodology and principles in combination with design principles of rural roads and in accordance with functionally integrated management could be applied in the landscape management of this area and also in similar ones.
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Calcatinge, Alexandru. „More on Smart Cultural Landscapes: technicalities of the planning processes“. E3S Web of Conferences 180 (2020): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018004015.
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This paper will build upon my previous smart cultural landscapes research, by offering a technical overview of the planning processes that the policies are based on. In this respect, I will discuss, in an analytic manner, how the argumentation process should take place from a cultural landscape study. This will take into consideration the proficiencies of a planning professional, the smart characteristics of a cultural landscape policy or study and the relevant steps that should be taken to effectively solve the local rural or urban cultural landscape specific issues. The anticipated results would be to establish a well-known place of cultural landscape studies amongst the local rural and urban development processes.
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Mendes de Oliveira, Milene. „Face and cultural conceptualizations in German-Brazilian business exchanges“. Intercultural Pragmatics and Cultural Linguistics 7, Nr. 1 (08.07.2020): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijolc.00027.men.
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Abstract Following up on recent calls for studies dealing with first-order understandings of face (Arundale 2013; Haugh 2013), this paper presents arguments in favor of an empirical investigation of cultural conceptualizations (Sharifian 2011) underlying these first-order (or emic) models. The arguments are based on the findings of a study on business communication in international contexts (Mendes de Oliveira 2020). The study comprises the analysis of (a) interviews with business people from different sectors and (b) a compilation of e-mails exchanged by Brazilian and German employees of a healthcare company. I focus specifically on conceptualizations of ‘respect in business negotiations’ (Mendes de Oliveira 2017) as well as on their pragmatic instantiations in e-mails. For instance, the recurrent image schema vertical splitting in the Brazilian interview excerpts on the topic of respect in business negotiations is shown to be pragmatically instantiated in terms of how participants acknowledge ‘hierarchy’ in their construals of face in e-mail interactions. The image schema horizontal splitting is shown to be related to how German participants construe ‘face’ as a transactional phenomenon in the e-mail exchanges. I conclude that cultural conceptualizations play an important role in the Brazilian and German emic models of face. Future studies can take the reflections presented in this paper into consideration in order to strengthen the arguments that favor the inclusion of culturally-based views on face into an overarching theoretical model of face (Arundale 2013).
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White, Olivia. „Writing With Sensitivity: The Importance of Standardizing Descriptions of Archival Material from Indigenous Communities“. IJournal: Graduate Student Journal of the Faculty of Information 6, Nr. 1 (23.12.2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/ijournal.v6i1.35266.
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As custodians of records, archivists have the power to produce descriptions that respect the culture and knowledge of Indigenous populations. The current descriptive standards do not contain guidance for describing archival material from Indigenous communities, which is a critical absence that requires further discussion. It is important to generate specialized considerations regarding the representation of these archival documents because language is a powerful tool that can disrupt or perpetuate colonial legacies. Several recommendations can be offered, such as collaborating with members of Indigenous communities to acknowledge their expertise over their cultural heritage. By generating an accessible standard, archivists can employ proactive strategies at the outset of the description process. Ultimately, archival spaces must be willing to adjust traditional archival practices to sensitively perform their duty to the record subjects, creators, and researchers.
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Spett, Emma J. „Building Resilience in Trans-boundary Social-Ecological Systems: Adaptive Governance in the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin“. Complexity, Governance & Networks 5, Nr. 1 (24.10.2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/cgn-81.
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Addressing the management of water bodies that cross political, cultural, and ecological boundaries entails working with a level of complexity that requires creative, adaptive management strategies that build resilience throughout the system and allow for increased capacity in the face of disturbance. To characterize the extent to which such complexity can be managed, this paper explores the application of the social-ecological systems framework, proposed by Brian Walker and David Salt, for assessing and managing resilience. Elements of this framework will be utilized with respect to the Lake Champlain Richelieu River Basin, which is a freshwater basin that exists between the United States and Canada, in Vermont, New York, and Quebec. The paper will end with considerations regarding how adaptive management and adaptive governance can be employed as tools to build resilience in this region.
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Bachkirov, Alexandre A., und Salem AlAbri. „Islamic values and negotiator behavior“. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management 9, Nr. 3 (15.08.2016): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imefm-08-2015-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine whether and how the fundamental Islamic values of Arab Muslim business negotiators influence their views of the negotiation process and negotiation behavior. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on an interpretive qualitative approach. The data were obtained by semi-structured interviews. The participants were managers whose role entails negotiations as an essential component of their job. Findings For Arab Muslim negotiators, the use of knowledge is associated with a moral imperative of being truthful and using knowledge responsibly. The virtues of honesty, transparency, trust, integrity, fairness, peace, respect and concern for the counterpart’s negotiation outcomes emerged as important considerations for Arab Muslim negotiators. Research limitations/implications All the research participants were from an Arab Islamic country. Empirical data obtained from non-Arab Islamic respondents can provide further insights into how religious beliefs shape negotiation behavior of Muslim negotiators. Practical implications The international negotiation practitioners involved in cross-cultural negotiations in the Arabian Gulf should consider their counterpart’s behavioral patterns and expectations shaped by the Islamic faith. Appreciating what matters to an Arab Muslim negotiator will increase the probability of a positive negotiation experience and the likelihood of attaining negotiation goals. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature on innovative management practices by emphasizing the need to broaden the knowledge of a cultural perspective of management innovation. Innovative interventions in intercultural negotiations should include a consideration of the counterparts’ religious beliefs in both intra- and inter-firm bargaining situations.
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Essack, Zaynab, Nkosinathi Ngcobo, Natasha Van der Pol, Lucia Knight, Tamsen Rochat, Mirriam Mkhize und Heidi Van Rooyen. „Refining Interventions Through Formative Research: A Focus on Ethical Considerations in a Family-Based Home-Based Counseling and Testing (FBCT) Intervention in KwaZulu-Natal“. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 15, Nr. 3 (06.11.2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1556264619885214.
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Conducting formative research is a scientific, ethical, and community engagement imperative. This article describes how formative research refined ethical processes for a family-based home-based counseling and testing (FBCT) intervention in KwaZulu-Natal. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore community ( n = 20) and key stakeholders’ ( n = 20) needs, concerns, and perspectives on the FBCT model, including ethical issues for working with children and families. Data were analyzed thematically using NVivo software. Four key ethical considerations emerged, namely, respect for community norms and cultural practices; confidentiality, privacy, and forced disclosure; identifying potential risks and benefits; and voluntariness and capacity to consent. Data were used to refine the intervention and address participants’ concerns by engaging the community, providing ethics training for intervention staff, and incorporating independent consent mechanisms for adolescent HIV testing that supported opportunities for family-based testing and disclosure.
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Sleptsov, Yuriy A., Sargylana V. Nikiforova, Konstantin Y. Meshcheryakov, Olga V. Skrobotova und Raisa M. Ivanova. „Features of Tourist Routes in the Republic of Sakha: Extreme Tours, Unique Natural Sites, Archaeological and Ritual Attractions“. International Journal of Agricultural Extension 9, Nr. 4 (18.08.2021): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.009.00.3717.
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Tourism is an important element of the social and economic development of Russia. The northern territories play an important role in the development of the Russian economy in general and the tourism industry in particular. Nordic tourism involves careful respect for environmental and social sustainability, the promotion of traditional local knowledge and value systems, and the preservation of local cultural heritage and cultural landscapes. The article analyses the promotion of the tourism potential of Yakutia. The northern territories of Russia are rich in natural resources and economic potential but do not have an effective tourist infrastructure due to the harsh climate and vast territories of permafrost. The study presents the results of the analysis of the main tourist routes of the Sakha Republic. The main factors for the development of tourism were determined by a set of landscape characteristics (unique nature of the Lena River, biological diversity of flora and fauna), ethnocultural and historical context, as well as infrastructure considerations (proximity to the capital, inexpensive transport, and engineering systems). The study demonstrated that scientific tourism in Central Yakutia is quite real and has great prospects due to the unique landscapes. It can also give impetus to new scientific discoveries. Defining and describing cultural landscapes, collecting field materials and mapping cultural and landscape zoning can simplify the work for the creators of tourist routes in the future.
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Rotberg, Robert I. „Charisma and History“. Journal of Interdisciplinary History 52, Nr. 1 (2021): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01665.
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Abstract Because charisma is a social phenomenon, not an individual trait, its analytical utility in assessing and evaluating the quality and character of political leadership remains questionable. Cultural differences influence the traits and attributes that are internalized by one set of followers and not others. At the nation-state level, political leaders do arise who mesmerize their constituents charismatically, but too frequently that appeal is episodic, transient, and easily forfeited. Most of all, successful political leadership is more than behaving charismatically; delivering results in the form of economic growth, educational advances, health and medical services, and national self-respect are more important and more lasting. David Bell brings all of those considerations to the fore in a remarkable book that analyzes the charismatic appeals of Washington, Napoleon, Louverture, Paoli, and Bolivar, and raises important questions about the force of charisma in history.
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Prictor, Megan, Sharon Huebner, Harriet J. A. Teare, Luke Burchill und Jane Kaye. „Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collections of Genetic Heritage: The Legal, Ethical and Practical Considerations of a Dynamic Consent Approach to Decision Making“. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 48, Nr. 1 (2020): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110520917012.
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Dynamic Consent (DC) is both a model and a specific web-based tool that enables clear, granular communication and recording of participant consent choices over time. The DC model enables individuals to know and to decide how personal research information is being used and provides a way in which to exercise legal rights provided in privacy and data protection law. The DC tool is flexible and responsive, enabling legal and ethical requirements in research data sharing to be met and for online health information to be maintained. DC has been used in rare diseases and genomics, to enable people to control and express their preferences regarding their own data. However, DC has never been explored in relationship to historical collections of bioscientific and genetic heritage or to contexts involving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (First Peoples of Australia).In response to the growing interest by First Peoples throughout Australia in genetic and genomic research, and the increasing number of invitations from researchers to participate in community health and wellbeing projects, this article examines the legal and ethical attributes and challenges of DC in these contexts. It also explores opportunities for including First Peoples' cultural perspectives, governance, and leadership as a method for defining (or redefining) DC on cultural terms that engage best practice research and data analysis as well as respect for meaningful and longitudinal individual and family participation.
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Koryl, Jakub. „Beasts at School: Luther, Language and Education for the Advancement of Germanness“. Journal of Early Modern Christianity 6, Nr. 1 (26.04.2019): 111–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jemc-2019-2006.
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Abstract The article aims at answering three complementary questions – why the implementation of the Lutheran idea of Christian renewal was possible by means of the German tongue alone; how the language can get beyond its merely communicative and descriptive purposes; and finally when can the performative analogy between speaking and being become essential for the language itself? Consequently, it discusses Luther’s concept of language as the primary vehicle for cultural change in terms of religion and confession, the socio-political agenda and national aspirations. Such a concept involved a great deal of theoretical considerations regarding pragmatic and most of all performative effectiveness of language, that altogether enabled Luther to provide his fellow-countrymen with a language which was culturally self-assertive, founded upon usage rather that abstract rules, and therefore understandable to common men, measurably affecting their way of being. For that reason Luther’s educational aims and his reform of divine worship, being the direct beneficiaries of that discovery, were taken into consideration, together with their social impact on the new cultural modes of comprehending the qualities that distinguish one community from another. Accordingly, the article discusses the language discovered by Luther (Hochdeutsch) as a cultural understructure having an effect on every feature that defines Lutheranism (and the Lutheran collective identity in particular) in respect of politics, religion, values and knowledge. For such a language, more than anything else, was able to take all the German peculiarities into account, and to make Germans finally capable of overcoming the spiritual and corporeal supremacy of the Roman Latin (lingua Romana). A closer insight given here into a pre-Lutheran period of that Roman-German cultural encounter leaves no doubt that Luther himself was often following the footsteps of fifteenth-century German humanists like Jakob Wimpfeling, Rudolph Agricola and Conrad Celtis. Although Germans “are and must remain beasts and stupid brutes,” as Luther declared, nonetheless language, by means of education, and divine worship could finally liberate those beasts from Roman-Latin standards, that is from a foreign way of speaking and being.
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Sheffer, Christine E., Monica Webb Hooper und Jamie S. Ostroff. „Commentary: Educational and Clinical Training Considerations for Addressing Tobacco-Related Cancer Health Disparities“. Ethnicity & Disease 28, Nr. 3 (12.07.2018): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.3.187.
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<p class="Pa7">In the United States, tobacco use is a leading contributor to inequities in cancer health among individuals for many ethnic, racial, sexual minority, and other minority groups as well as individuals in lower socioeconomic groups and other underserved populations. Despite remarkable decreases in tobacco use prevalence rates in the United States over the past 50 years, the benefits of tobacco control efforts are not equitably distributed. Tobacco-related disparities include higher prevalence rates of smoking, lower rates of quitting, less robust responses to standard evidence-based treatments, substandard tobacco treatment delivery by health care providers, and an increased burden of tobacco-related cancers and other diseases.</p><p class="Pa7">Among the multiple critical barriers to achieving progress in reducing tobacco treatment-related disparities, there are several educational barriers including a unidimensional or essentialist conceptualizations of the disparities; a tobacco treatment workforce unprepared to address the needs of tobacco users from underserved groups; and known research-to-practice gaps in understanding, assessing, and treating tobacco use among underserved groups.</p><p>We propose the development of competency-based curricula that: 1) use intersectionality as an organizing framework for relevant knowledge; 2) teach interpersonal skills, such as expressing sociocultural respect, a lack of cultural superiority, and empathy as well as skills for developing other-oriented therapeutic relations; and 3) are grounded in the science of the evidence-based treatments for tobacco dependence. These curricula could be disseminated nationally in multiple venues and would represent significant progress toward addressing tobacco-related disparities.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):187- 192; doi:10.18865/ed.28.3.187.</p>
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Zhiyong, Zhao. „The Human Body in the Regime of Chinese Cultural Heritage Law“. Santander Art and Culture Law Review, Nr. 2 (6) (2020): 339–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.20.023.13026.
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For a long time, the concept of the human body has been governed by civil law. Today, this way of treating it is no longer certain. The human body can also be understood as an integral part of cultural heritage. On one hand, this is a question of the holder of the element of the intangible cultural heritage (ICH). On the other hand, it concerns the human body beyond the living person, protected as tangible heritage or cultural property. This article analyses these diverse dimensions of the human body under Chinese legislation on the protection of cultural relics and for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, taking into consideration the respect for human dignity. In this regard, it offers a cross-cutting overview of the ethical and legal challenges surrounding the management and regulation of human remains.
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Alfadhel, Khalifa A. „The gcc Human Rights Declaration: An Instrumentation of Cultural Relativism“. Arab Law Quarterly 31, Nr. 1 (09.02.2017): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12341333.
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For the first time the Gulf Cooperation Council (gcc) adopted a regional human rights declaration that codifies the relevant States’ commitment to human rights. The Declaration illustrated the content and scope of such a collective regional pledge to protect and respect fundamental rights and freedoms. Although a soft-law instrument, the Gulf Declaration provides the foundations for a doctrinal commitment to human rights, based on a normative framework adopted in a mutual manner. This article will provide an overview on the content and scope of such document, and the theoretical arguments of universalism versus cultural relativism in light of comparative instruments. This article will argue that the Gulf Human Rights Declaration reflects a cultural aspect of human rights that needs to be commended in the consideration of such soft-law instrument, which will form a foundation for a regional customary law regime, based on State practice affirmed in the commitment to the Declaration.
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Harry, Beth, Marquita Grenot-Scheyer, Marsha Smith-Lewis, Hyun-Sook Park, Fu Xin und Ilene Schwartz. „Developing Culturally Inclusive Services for Individuals with Severe Disabilities“. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps 20, Nr. 2 (Juni 1995): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154079699502000201.
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In this position paper, we argue that concerns about race and culture largely have been ignored with respect to students with severe disabilities. We caution, however, that variables such as acculturation, social class, and education must be included in any consideration of cultural identity to avoid stereotyping. Second, we use the term “cultural inclusion” to indicate the need to address cultural features directly when planning for inclusion of students with severe disabilities. In this paper, we propose essentials of a culturally inclusive approach to building relationships with families and to assessment, placement, instruction, and programming for such students. Third, we call for a multicultural emphasis in personnel preparation programs, with a focus on process rather than cultural content. The paper concludes with suggestions for a research agenda.
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Arif, Sardar M. A. Waqar Khan. „Economic, social and cultural rights of women“. International Journal of Law and Management 61, Nr. 1 (11.02.2019): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2018-0002.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the legal framework and challenges to economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights of women. Design/methodology/approach This paper focuses on ESC rights of women. ESC rights are recognized under primary instrument International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which is adopted by the United Nations (UN) in 1966. States have obligations to respect, protect and fulfil ESC rights. This paper aims to address ESC rights of women in particular. It analyzes the international legal framework including provisions of UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and ICESCR and its optional protocol. It also analyzes provisions of Women’s Convention and identifies its linkage to ICESCR. Findings ESC rights are not justiciable and growing debate over justiciability is important for consideration. Also, there exist certain challenges for the progressive realization of ESC rights which need to be addressed by analyzing provisions of the existing legal framework and Maastricht Guidelines. The argument developed throughout the paper is that women’s ESC rights may be protected at all levels by the progressive realization of these rights. The issue of justiciability may also be resolved to protect the basic needs and interests of women that leads to their empowerment. Originality/value The work is original and not published by any other journal so far.
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Anderson, Jeanine. „What is care and what is not caring? The challenges of cultural diversity“. Cuadernos de Relaciones Laborales 38, Nr. 2 (26.11.2020): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/crla.70892.
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This article uses evidence from Peru to examine issues of care and its absence, both in the sense of "giving care" and concern with someone or something. The two cases analyzed bring into consideration separate couples trying to agree on the care obligations of non-custodial male fathers and the distance between the care practices of indigenous Amazonians and urban Peruvian society. The discussion highlights emotions, motivations, systems of morality, and cultural identities that support care and define the lines beyond which denial of care may be inevitable and even defensible. The argument points to privileged status of hope as an emotion of particular importance in systems of care on a personal and collective level and also with respect to States and national policies.
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Vilma, Žydžiūnaitė. „Implementing Ethical Principles in Social Research: Challenges, Possibilities and Limitations“. Vocational Training: Research And Realities 29, Nr. 1 (01.12.2018): 19–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vtrr-2018-0003.
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Abstract The article is based on descriptive theoretical research and focused on ethical principles in social research. It involves considerations on ethical principles and dimensions in social research as well as challenges and limitations for social researchers / scientists when they implement the social research studies. The following research questions are raised in the article: What are the challenges for social researchers / scientists and how to solve them in order to maintain the ethics of research? What commitments include ethical dimensions of social research? What ethical principles are relevant to scientific research, regardless of it‘s specific discipline? The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of implementation of ethical principles, limitations, obstacles, and challenges in social research. The author concludes that ethical considerations in social research are critical as they help to determine the difference between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. The essential ethical considerations in social research ethics remains professional competence, integrity, processional and scientific responsibility, respect for research participants’ rights, dignity and diversity, and social responsibility of social researchers / scientists. In the conclusions also is accentuated that social researchers / scientists must be sensitive to cultural, individual, and role differences in serving, teaching, and studying groups of people with distinctive characteristics. In all of their social research-related or based activities they should acknowledge the rights of others to hold values, attitudes, and opinions that differ from their own. Thus social researchers / scientists should be aware of their professional and scientific responsibility to the social sciences communities and societies in which they live and work. They are responsible to apply and make public their knowledge in order to contribute to the public good.
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MAXILE, HORACE J. „Implication, Quotation, and Coltrane in Selected Works By David N. Baker“. Journal of the Society for American Music 7, Nr. 2 (Mai 2013): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196313000059.
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AbstractThis article explores composer David N. Baker's use of elements of jazz and vernacular music to articulate formal structures and suggest extramusical commentaries in his concert works, with particular focus on the Sonata for Cello and Piano and the Sonata I for Piano. Themes of homage to and respect for jazz saxophonist John Coltrane resonate through these works. Various features bring the jazz legend to mind, but Baker's compelling play with implication and quotation provides fertile ground for studying musical signification and the use of vernacular emblems within Western compositional structures and the concert music of African American composers. Conventional analytical methods are combined with readings of referential symbols to work toward interpretations that address both structural and expressive domains. This approach allows discussions of compositional techniques to intersect with cultural and philosophical considerations. By addressing issues of musical structure and expressivity, this article seeks to move beyond commonplace surface-level descriptions of black vernacular emblems in the concert music of African American composers.
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Rissolo, Dominique. „In the Realm of Rain Gods: A Contextual Survey of Rock Art across the Northern Maya Lowlands“. Heritage 3, Nr. 4 (27.09.2020): 1094–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage3040061.
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Regional rock art studies have provided insight into the role of caves in Maya ideology and worldview. In addition to the content of the imagery itself, the placement or siting of rock art with respect to natural and cultural features within the cave environment can reveal much about the function and meaning of cave use practices. This comparative analysis of rock art emphasizes contextual considerations with a discussion on the spatial and symbolic relationships between images in individual caves. Rock art in the northern Maya lowlands is commonly associated with watery areas and pathways leading to pools in caves. Across the northern Yucatan Peninsula, watery caves witnessed the rites and rituals of religious practitioners who appealed to the rain gods. Rock art scenes throughout this region were often devised and positioned in ways that reveal or are consistent with this unique and pervasive emphasis on rain and agricultural fertility in religious practice.
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Lucock, Mark D., Charlotte E. Martin, Zoe R. Yates und Martin Veysey. „Diet and Our Genetic Legacy in the Recent Anthropocene“. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 19, Nr. 1 (12.09.2013): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587213503345.
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Nutrient–gene research tends to focus on human disease, although such interactions are often a by-product of our evolutionary heritage. This review explores health in this context, reframing genetic variation/epigenetic phenomena linked to diet in the framework of our recent evolutionary past. This “Darwinian/evolutionary medicine” approach examines how diet helped us evolve among primates and to adapt (or fail to adapt) our metabolome to specific environmental conditions leading to major diseases of civilization. This review presents updated evidence from a diet–gene perspective, portraying discord that exists with respect to health and our overall nutritional, cultural, and activity patterns. While Darwinian theory goes beyond nutritional considerations, a significant component within this concept does relate to nutrition and the mismatch between genes, modern diet, obesogenic lifestyle, and health outcomes. The review argues that nutritional sciences should expand knowledge on the evolutionary connection between food and disease, assimilating it into clinical training with greater prominence.
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Ponso, Marzia. „Una triplice Vergangenheitsbewaltigung. La politica del passato in Germania“. TEORIA POLITICA, Nr. 1 (Mai 2009): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tp2009-001002.
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- The article discusses that specific aspect of German political culture known as Vergangenheitsbewältigung, i.e. the going over the totalitarian past through a threefold reworking: judicial (trials, convictions, political and administrative purges), economic (compensations and reparations) and cultural (a deep historical knowledge of what happened, the working out of moral and law criteria for judgment, an at least symbolic declaration of solidarity towards the victims). The German case is interesting because of its uniqueness. First of all, from the judicial point of view, the way the past was reworked has had an extraordinary impact, being at the root of present developments in international criminal law. From the political and the moral-philosophical perspectives, no other population has so thoroughly re-defined its identity with respect to its past: constitutional and post-national patriotism are a case in point. One more exceptional aspect is that, after the reunification, Germany has lived through a new Vergangenheitsbewältigung which suggests interesting comparative considerations.