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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cultural landscapes linked to watere“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Ekka, Anjana, Saket Pande, Yong Jiang und Pieter van der Zaag. „Anthropogenic Modifications and River Ecosystem Services: A Landscape Perspective“. Water 12, Nr. 10 (27.09.2020): 2706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102706.
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The process of development has led to the modification of river landscapes. This has created imbalances between ecological, economic, and socio-cultural uses of ecosystem services (ESs), threatening the biotic and social integrity of rivers. Anthropogenic modifications influence river landscapes on multiple scales, which impact river-flow regimes and thus the production of river ESs. Despite progress in developing approaches for the valuation ecosystem goods and services, the ecosystem service research fails to acknowledge the biophysical structure of river landscape where ecosystem services are generated. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to synthesize the literature to develop the understanding of the biocomplexity of river landscapes and its importance in ecosystem service research. The review is limited to anthropogenic modifications from catchment to reach scale which includes inter-basin water transfer, change in land-use pattern, sub-surface modifications, groundwater abstractions, stream channelization, dams, and sand mining. Using 86 studies, the paper demonstrates that river ESs largely depend on the effective functioning of biophysical processes, which are linked with the geomorphological, ecological, and hydrological characteristics of river landscapes. Further, the ESs are linked with the economic, ecological, and socio-cultural aspect. The papers show that almost all anthropogenic modifications have positive impact on economic value of ESs. The ecological and socio-cultural values are negatively impacted by anthropogenic modifications such as dams, inter-basin water transfer, change in land-use pattern, and sand mining. The socio-cultural impact of ground-water abstraction and sub-surface modifications are not found in the literature examined here. Further, the ecological and socio-cultural aspects of ecosystem services from stakeholders’ perspective are discussed. We advocate for linking ecosystem service assessment with landscape signatures considering the socio-ecological interactions.
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Jiang, Xin, Xin Li, Mingrui Wang, Xi Zhang, Wenhai Zhang, Yongjun Li, Xin Cong und Qinghai Zhang. „Multidimensional Visual Preferences and Sustainable Management of Heritage Canal Waterfront Landscape Based on Panoramic Image Interpretation“. Land 14, Nr. 2 (22.01.2025): 220. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020220.
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As an important type of linear cultural heritage and a waterfront landscape that integrates both artificial and natural elements, heritage canals provide the public with a multidimensional perceptual experience encompassing aesthetics, culture, and nature. There remains a lack of refined, micro-level studies on heritage canal landscapes from a multidimensional perspective of visual preference. This study focuses on a typical segment of the Grand Canal in China, specifically the ancient canal section in Yangzhou. We employed SegFormer image semantic segmentation techniques to interpret features from 150 panoramic images, quantitatively identifying the waterfront environmental characteristics of the heritage canal. Four perceptual dimensions were constructed: aesthetic preference, cultural preference, natural preference, and hydrophilic preference. Through a questionnaire survey and various statistical analyses, we revealed the relationships between visual preferences for the waterfront landscape of heritage canals and environmental characteristics. The main findings of the study include the following: (1) Aesthetic preference is positively correlated with cultural, natural, and hydrophilic preferences, while natural preference shows a negative correlation with cultural and hydrophilic preferences. (2) Aesthetic preference is influenced by a combination of blue-green natural elements and artificial factors. Natural preference is primarily affected by increased vegetation visibility, cultural preference is associated with a higher proportion of cultural facilities and high-quality pavements, and hydrophilic preference is linked to larger water surface areas, fewer barriers, and better water quality. (3) There are spatial differences in canal waterfront landscape preferences across different urban areas, with the old city exhibiting higher aesthetic, cultural, and hydrophilic preferences than the new city and suburban areas. Finally, this study proposes strategies for optimising and enhancing the quality of waterfront landscapes of heritage canals, aiming to provide sustainable practical guidance for the future planning and management of these heritage sites.
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Kruse, Alexandra, und Bernd Paulowitz. „The Hollerroute – landscape awareness as a driving factor in regional development“. Tájökológiai Lapok 17, Suppl. 1 (29.12.2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3568.
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The Holler Landscapes are a European testimony of a marsh and dyke landscape through land reclamation starting in the High Middle Ages. This Dutch originating cope cultivation were found in many places in Europe, but spread particularly in Germany and Poland. These landscapes had, and for most of their part still have in common that they were created by Dutch water experts – most often on demand from local authorities, like archbishops or kings – and are therefore called Holler Colonies. The tangible landscape heritage was often linked to the import of many Dutch society features (e.g. related to laws, habits, equal rights of men and women), making the Holler Colonies a unique document to the intangible heritage as well. Today, the remainders of these landscapes give an important testimony to European economic and social history. These landscapes were predominately shaped during the great clearances in the High Middle Ages, with some of them, in particular Poland, dating from a later period. Of course, not all landscapes and associated traditions have survived until today. Several Holler landscapes have been completely transformed by more recent land reclamation processes or due to abandonment. The examples that still bear the vivid impression of the land transformation are therefore not only a unique but as well rare testimony of tangible and intangible heritage of European history. The article focusses on an awareness raising process that took place in the Altes Land (Lower Saxony, Germany) within the last 15 years: After a difficult beginning, finally the understanding of the historical transformations and of the particularity of this traditional cultural landscape became a trigger towards local and regional development strategies. The awareness on the Dutch landscape heritage lead to an identification process among the inhabitants and last but not least, triggered local development. It helped finally to start the will to sustain the historic regional character, allowing a sustainable economic development, and is accompanied by tourism and awareness building measures. One of them is the “Holler Route” – a project recognized within the European Year of Cultural Heritage, which will develop, among others, teaching materials about Holler Landscapes which will be integrated into the official geography curriculum for schools and will be available at the online-education server (NibiS) of the Federal State of Lower Saxonia.
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Trebeleva, Galina, Andrey Kizilov, Vasiliy Lobkovskiy und Gleb Yurkov. „Evolving Cultural and Historical Landscapes of Northwestern Colchis during the Medieval Period: Physical Environment and Urban Decline Causes“. Land 11, Nr. 12 (04.12.2022): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122202.
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In Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, both coastal and sub-mountainous parts of Colchis underwent rapid urbanization. In the 12th century, the processes of decline began: Large settlements were replaced by small farmsteads with light wooden buildings, and the economy transformed from commodity-based to subsistence-based. What caused this decline? Was it the social and political events linked to the decline of the Byzantine Empire and changes to world trade routes, or were there other reasons? This article provides the answer. The synergy of archaeological, folkloristic, historical cartographic, climatological, seismological, and hydrological data depicts a strong link between these processes and climate change, which occurred at the turn of the 12th–13th centuries. The beginning of cooling led to a crisis in agriculture. A decline in both farming and cattle breeding could not fail to affect demography. Seismic activity, noted in the same period, led to the destruction of many buildings, including temples, and fortresses, and changes in hydrological networks, which were directly linked to climate change and caused water logging, led to a loss of the functions of coastal areas and their disappearance.
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Vílchez-Lara, María del Carmen, Jorge Gabriel Molinero-Sánchez, Concepción Rodríguez-Moreno, Antonio Jesús Gómez-Blanco und Juan Francisco Reinoso-Gordo. „High Resolution 3D Model of Heritage Landscapes Using UAS LiDAR: The Tajos de Alhama de Granada, Spain“. Land 13, Nr. 1 (08.01.2024): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010075.
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The Tajos de Alhama de Granada, which since ancient times have inspired and surprised locals and strangers, especially foreign travelers, constituted a unique landscape, cultural and ethnological heritage of Spain, linked to water and its old flour mills. And, they are currently at serious risk of degradation. The aim of this research is to obtain a high-resolution 3D model capable of documenting this historical heritage environment with a high level of detail, using a methodology that includes small light weight LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) system for UAS (Unmanned Aircraft System). The model obtained should serve, on the one hand, as a valuable tool for knowledge and analysis of all the elements (river, lake, ditches, dams, mills, aqueducts, and paths) that made up this place, registered as a picturesque landscape for its extraordinary beauty and uniqueness, and on the other hand, as a basis for the development of rehabilitation and architectural restoration projects that would have to be undertaken to preserve this cultural and landscape legacy.
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Palomares Alarcón, Sheila. „Agua y patrimonio histórico: una visión multidisciplinar en el contexto internacional“. Agua y Territorio / Water and Landscape, Nr. 25 (17.01.2025): 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17561/at.25.8760.
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The aim of this article is to promote scientific reflection on hydraulic architecture and the influence it has had on the places where it has been built, as well as to study the historical heritage linked to water as a tool for the development of our society. In order to carry out this research, on the one hand, an exhaustive study of the treatises published during the 18th and 19th centuries in Spain has been carried out with the intention of studying the presence of hydraulic architecture in them, both at a conceptual level and in terms of the identification of heritage assets. On the other hand, the results of several contributions have been analysed, which, from the points of view of different disciplines, have hydraulic architecture, archaeology, city supply, cultural landscapes, and hydraulic and industrial heritage in Spain, Portugal, Mexico and Morocco, as their object of analysis.
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SCALES, BEN R., und STUART J. MARSDEN. „Biodiversity in small-scale tropical agroforests: a review of species richness and abundance shifts and the factors influencing them“. Environmental Conservation 35, Nr. 2 (Juni 2008): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892908004840.
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SUMMARYAlthough small-scale agroforestry systems (swiddens, complex and single-crop-dominated agroforests, and homegardens) form a diverse and important tropical land use, there has been no attempt to collate information on their value for biodiversity. This paper reviews 52 published studies that compared species richness and/or abundance between agroforests and primary forest, and 27 studies that compared biodiversity parameters across agroforests. The former covered a broad range of taxa and geographical areas, but few focused on homegardens, while those comparing across agroforestry systems were biased towards studies of plants (21 studies) and homegardens (13 of 27). Of 43 studies comparing species richness or diversity across habitats, 34 reported lower richness in agroforests than in adjacent forest. There was also high β diversity between primary forests and agroforests. Patterns of abundance shifts were less straightforward, with many species traits (for example diets) being generally poor indicators of response to agricultural disturbance. Among the few trends identified, restricted-range or rare species, and terrestrial and some understorey vertebrates tended to decline most, and open country species, granivores and generalists increased most in agroforests. Variability in biodiversity retention across systems has been linked most strongly to economic function, management intensity and extent of remnant forest within the landscape, as well as more subtle cultural influences. Species richness and abundance generally decrease with increasing prevalence of crop species, more intensive management, decreasing stratum richness and shortening of cultivation cycles. Increasing holding size did not necessarily reduce α diversity. Knowledge of the general effects of small-scale agroforestry on biodiversity is substantial, but the great diversity of systems and species responses mean that it is difficult to accurately predict biodiversity losses and gains at a local level. Further work is required on the influence of spatial and temporal structure of agricultural holdings on biodiversity retention across agriculture/succession/forest mosaics, how β diversity across individual holdings influences biodiversity across landscapes, and ultimately on how agricultural intensification can be best managed to minimize future losses of biodiversity from tropical landscapes.
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Rodríguez De La Rosa, Isabel. „Raw Materials in Transition: Narratives Around Water in the Construction of an Industrialized Spain“. Change Over Time 12, Nr. 1 (März 2023): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cot.2023.a927229.
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Abstract: Throughout the first half of the twentieth century, various fascist states in Europe embraced a type of industrial autarky based on the exploitation of natural resources. In these cases, autarky and raw material became two strongly linked concepts. In Spain, from 1939 onward and under the Francoist slogan "produce, produce, and produce," a major autarkic industrialization process was developed defining vast territorial structures. From raw to elaborated materials, the implementation of autarkic policies gave rise to a process of signification of matter based on an anthropocentric vision of nature. In a first stage, this paper analyzes the relationship between the concepts of autarky and raw material, to apply it to the case of the Spanish autarkic industrialization process. In a second stage, the paper observes the case of the use of water as a raw material considered essential for industrialization. For this purpose, it presents two case studies: the first from a perspective based on a territorial analysis, and the second one from a perspective based on the analysis of several aesthetic conditions. Through these cases, the paper examines the connection between the construction of new anthropogenic landscapes and the cultural meanings, both projected and non-projected, associated with the process.
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Domene, Elena. „Changing patters of water consumption in the suburban Barcelona: lifestiles and welfare as explanatory factors“. Investigaciones Geográficas, Nr. 61 (15.06.2014): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2014.61.03.
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Atlantic gardens and swimming pools constitute one of the most relevant features of a new phase in the history of the urbanization process in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, coinciding with the real state “madness”, by which the traditionally compact urban form typical of Mediterranean cultures lose ground to more disperse patterns of settlement characteristic of Anglo-Saxon countries. The change in the urban form also bears a noticeable relationship with changing lifestyles more and more akin to the suburban landscapes of many areas of Atlantic Europe and above all North America. Low density housing with gardens and swimming pools are associated with a better quality of life and considered as positional goods, giving the owners the status and prestige that is absent from other urban forms. In this paper I will therefore illustrate how new “suburbia lifestyles” linked to water use are gaining terrain in a geographical, social and cultural context that traditionally has been quite conservative in the use of this resource. I will show also how new, water-related lifestyles are endowed also with a strong income component. Thus high income households prefer and can afford more water-consuming Atlantic gardens with swimming pools whereas lower income households have to resort to more climate-adapted species in what constitutes a growing socio-spatial differentiation.
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Momblanch, Andrea, Lindsay Beevers, Pradeep Srinivasalu, Anil Kulkarni und Ian P. Holman. „Enhancing production and flow of freshwater ecosystem services in a managed Himalayan river system under uncertain future climate“. Climatic Change 162, Nr. 2 (29.08.2020): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02795-2.
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Abstract Future climate change will likely impact the multiple freshwater ecosystem services (fES) provided by catchments through their landscapes and river systems. However, there is high spatio-temporal uncertainty on those impacts linked to climate change uncertainty and the natural and anthropogenic interdependencies of water management systems. This study identifies current and future spatial patterns of fES production in a highly managed water resource system in northern India to inform the design and assessment of plausible adaptation measures to enhance fES production in the catchment under uncertain climate change. A water resource systems modelling approach is used to evaluate fES across the full range of plausible future scenarios, to identify the (worst-case) climate change scenarios triggering the greatest impacts and assess the capacity of adaptation to enhance fES. Results indicate that the current and future states of the fES depend on the spatial patterns of climate change and the impacts of infrastructure management on river flows. Natural zones deliver more regulating and cultural services than anthropized areas, although they are more climate-sensitive. The implementation of a plausible adaptation strategy only manages to slightly enhance fES in the system with respect to no adaptation. These results demonstrate that water resource systems models are powerful tools to capture complex system dependencies and inform the design of robust catchment management measures. They also highlight that mitigation and more ambitious adaptation strategies are needed to offset climate change impacts in highly climate-sensitive catchments.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Hireche, Farid. „Les jardins d'Alger de l'époque ottomane (XVIᵉ - XIXᵉ siècle). Histoire Paysage & Patrimoine“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1077.
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Les jardins historiques d'Algérie de l'époque ottomane (XVIe - XIXe siècles) ont subi de nombreuses amputations. De nombreux jardins ont tout simplement disparu, voire subi des transformations irrémédiables. L'urbanisation des campagnes dans lesquelles ils s'épanouissaient a rendu leur lecture difficile, d'un point de vue purement paysager. Lorsque ces propriétés sont du ressort du domaine public, se pose l'épineuse question de la patrimonialisation de cet héritage culturel, qui peine à former un centre d'intérêt partagé, une identité commune, malgré les réglementations patrimoniales mises en place par les autorités politiques successives. D'un point de vue urbanistique, les jardins aujourd'hui insérés dans un tissu dense sont amenés à évoluer du fait même du métabolisme urbain. Se pose alors la question de la place des jardins historiques ottomans dans la planification urbaine. Quels modes d'appropriation sont à l'œuvre par leurs nouveaux propriétaires privés ou publics ? Comment rendre accessible ces jardins historiques au grand public ? Quelles stratégies doctrinales entériner pour la valorisation culturelle de ces jardins historiques ? Quel rôle peuvent-ils jouer dans la fabrique de la ville durable et écologique de demain ? Quelle approche territoriale et paysagère employer pour les intégrer aux trames verte et bleue existantes ? Quelle place attribuer aux éléments hydrauliques disséminés dans le tissu urbain dense et aux paysages culturels liés à l'eau encore en place ? C'est ce type de questionnement que cette thèse de doctorat en Histoire, mention patrimoine tentera d'approfondir et de solutionnerThe historic gardens of Algeria from the Ottoman era (16th - 19th centuries) have suffered numerous amputations. Many gardens have simply disappeared, or even undergone irremediable transformations. The urbanization of the countryside in which they flourished made them difficult to read, from a purely landscape point of view. When these properties are in the public domain, the thorny question of cultural heritage arises, which struggles to form a shared center of interest, a common identity, despite the heritage regulations put in place by the successive political authorities. From an urban planning point of view, gardens today inserted into a dense fabric are bound to evolve due to urban metabolism. The question then arises of the place of historic Ottoman gardens in urban planning. What modes of appropriation are at work by their new private or public owners? How can we make these historic gardens accessible to the general public? What doctrinal strategies should be endorsed for the cultural valorization of these historic gardens? What role can they play in creating the sustainable and ecological city of tomorrow? What territorial and landscape approach should be used to integrate them into the existing green and blue framework? What place should be given to hydraulic elements scattered throughout the dense urban fabric and to cultural landscapes linked to water still in place? It is this type of questioning that this doctoral thesis in History option Heritage will attempt to explore and resolve
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Wheatley, Wendy Christy. „Co-management of Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site: panarchy as a means of assessing linked cultural and ecological landscapes for sustainability“. Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1970.
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I analyse the emergence of a co-management system for protected area governance at Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site on the northwest coast of Canada. Of primary concern is the analysis of the co-management structure for properties that are essential for maintaining a sustainable trajectory and an exploration of the key mechanisms for its development. The underlying framework for the analysis in this thesis is panarchy which is based on four categories of factors for building resilience: 1) learning to live with change and uncertainty; 2) nurturing diversity for re-organization and renewal; 3) combining different kinds of knowledge; and 4) creating opportunity for self-organization. This framework emerges from the conclusions of a multi-year team study of the dynamics of socio-ecological systems and how to enhance the resilience of these complex systems to tackle complexity, uncertainty and global environmental change. As the Archipelago Management Board (AMB) is the institutional structure that is managing the future of Gwaii Haanas, therefore, I focus on how this structure facilitates resilience. 1 argue that it should be an arena for flexible collaboration with multi-level governance that facilitates adaptive management (learning and building ecological knowledge into the institutional structure) and nurturing elements of resilience (cultural and ecological memory).
The Lyell Island blockade in 1986, was a collective action against a crisis (cultural and environmental degradation caused by industrial logging) where key stewards and several Haida elders provided leadership, vision and trust. Parks Canada helped end the conflict by offering a management approach that accommodates Haida rights to their traditional lands, the formation of Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site. Here I argue that the power-sharing structure of the AMB provides political space for experimentation. As such, the AMB appears to be an adaptive co-management system that is flexible, community-based, tailored to specific situations and supported by and working in collaboration with a concerned government agency to ensure sustainable resource management. So far, this arrangement has been able to successfully move away from a less desired trajectory toward a more sustainable one with the capacity to nurture the ecological health of Gwaii Haanas and the Haida culture on which it depends. I discuss the key role of co-management in re-coupling society to ecological feedback, creating political space for experimentation, accommodating varied ways of knowing and learning, including traditional ecological knowledge to link management with ecological understanding, and extending management into the social domain.
I conclude that management in the implementation of protected area policy in Canadian National Parks could benefit from a more explicit collaboration with local communities who have special interests and site-specific ecological knowledge to better understand and monitor complex systems for long-term sustainability of protected areas.
Bücher zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Delle, James A., und Elizabeth C. Clay, Hrsg. Archaeology of Domestic Landscapes of the Enslaved in the Caribbean. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683400912.001.0001.
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Archaeology of Domestic Landscapes of the Enslaved in the Caribbean examines the diversity of living environments that the enslaved inhabitants of the colonial Caribbean by analyzing archaeological evidence collected from a wide variety of sites across the region. Archaeological investigations of domestic architecture and artifacts illuminate the nature of household organization; fundamental changes in settlement patterns; and the manner in which power was invariably linked with the material arrangements of space among the enslaved living and working in a variety of contexts throughout the region, including plantations, fortifications, and urban centers. While research in the region has provided a considerable amount of data at the household-level, much of this work is biased towards artifact analysis, resulting in unfamiliarity with the considerations that went into constructing and inhabiting households. The chapters in this book provide detailed reconstructions of the built environments associated with slavery and account for the cultural behaviors and social arrangements that shaped these spaces. It brings together case studies of Caribbean slave settlements through historical archaeology as a means of exposing the diversity of people and practices in these various landscapes, across the British, French, Dutch, and Danish colonies in both the Greater and Lesser Antilles as well as the Bahamian archipelago.
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Beinart, William, und Lotte Hughes. Environment and Empire. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199260317.001.0001.
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European imperialism was extraordinarily far-reaching: a key global historical process of the last 500 years. It locked disparate human societies together over a wider area than any previous imperial expansion; it underpinned the repopulation of the Americas and Australasia; it was the precursor of globalization as we now understand it. Imperialism was inseparable from the history of global environmental change. Metropolitan countries sought raw materials of all kinds, from timber and furs to rubber and oil. They established sugar plantations that transformed island ecologies. Settlers introduced new methods of farming and displaced indigenous peoples. Colonial cities, many of which became great conurbations, fundamentally changed relationships between people and nature. Consumer cultures, the internal combustion engine, and pollution are now ubiquitous. Environmental history deals with the reciprocal interaction between people and other elements in the natural world, and this book illustrates the diverse environmental themes in the history of empire. Initially concentrating on the material factors that shaped empire and environmental change, Environment and Empire discusses the way in which British consumers and manufacturers sucked in resources that were gathered, hunted, fished, mined, and farmed. Yet it is also clear that British settler and colonial states sought to regulate the use of natural resources as well as commodify them. Conservation aimed to preserve resources by exclusion, as in wildlife parks and forests, and to guarantee efficient use of soil and water. Exploring these linked themes of exploitation and conservation, this study concludes with a focus on political reassertions by colonised peoples over natural resources. In a post-imperial age, they have found a new voice, reformulating ideas about nature, landscape, and heritage and challenging, at a local and global level, views of who has the right to regulate nature.
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Vlad, Florian Andrei. Rewriting the American Culturescape. Editura Universitara, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5682/9786062810498.
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The title of this book features a concept, culturescape, which is obviously derived from a major attempt at grasping the defining characteristics of what Arjun Appadurai calls the combined effect of two distinct processes in the shaping of an increasingly global cultural economy. The title of Appadurai’s essay, featuring in his seminal work, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization, brings the two processes together: “Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy.” In order to capture the bewildering complexity of these “disjunctive” and “differential” cultural processes, Appadurai develops his theory of the interaction of the five types of cultural flows, seen not as entities in dichotomic, oppositional relations, but as flows linked to perspectives or vistas, as a sort of perspectival landscapes, hence their names
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Petts, David. Pagan and Christian. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781849668439.
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The conversion to Christianity was a key cultural process that saw the transformation of Europe from classical to medieval world. The growth of the Church has been closely linked with the development of other key institutions, such as the state. It has also been highlighted as a factor in changing attitudes to issues such as the body, time and landscapes. While the study of conversion in the early medieval world has increasingly become a focus for both historians and archaeologists, there has been a lack of engagement with the methodological and theoretical problems underpinning any attempt to explore the archaeology of belief. This book, illustrated with case studies and examples drawn from a range of sources, including the 'Celtic' west, Anglo-Saxon England, Scandinavia and Eastern Europe, tackles some of these important issues. In particular it explores two under-theorised aspects of conversion: the relationship between archaeology and belief, and an attempt to re-centre the 'pagan' as a key element in the conversion process.
Buchteile zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Majchczack, Bente Sven, Jan Philipp Schwarz, Dennis Wilken, Klaus Ricklefs und Wolfgang Rabbel. „Seismic imaging of medieval dike remains in the Wadden Sea (North Frisia, Germany)“. In Advances in On- and Offshore Archaeological Prospection, 71–80. Kiel: Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.38072/978-3-928794-83-1/p8.
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Dikes protected cultural lands along the Wadden Sea coast in medieval North Frisia. Remains of dikes must be found to reconstruct the drowned and lost landscapes. Certain imprints in sediment layers due to former load can be linked to eroded dikes. Sediment echosounding provides sections of these imprints and reveals dike courses. Medieval dikes have been traced at Hallig Südfall and south of Sylt.
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Gravagnuolo, Antonia, Martina Bosone und Luigi Fusco Girard. „The CLIC Multidimensional Impacts Assessment Framework: Criteria and Indicators for Circular “Human-Centred” Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage“. In Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage, 225–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-67628-4_8.
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AbstractHeritage is present in everyday society and it is a resource linked to social capital, economic growth, and environmental sustainability (Bandarin and van Oers 2014). Adaptive reuse is defined as “any building work and intervention aimed at changing its capacity, function or performance to adjust, reuse or upgrade a building to suit new conditions or requirements” (Douglas 2006). In Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World (1982), James Marston Fitch points out that the adaptive reuse of historic buildings “is more economic” not only in terms of the “conservation of the energy represented by the built environment,” but also for the “relative costs of old and new built space”. Adaptive reuse can be an effective conservation strategy allowing present and future use of abandoned heritage buildings, groups of buildings, landscapes or sites, changing and enhancing their functions and adapting the existing features to new needs (Bullen and Love 2010). However, the adaptive reuse intervention should not compromise heritage values, thus the threshold of transformation versus conservation should be carefully identified. Cultural heritage adaptive reuse is a complex activity, where multiple and often conflicting values need to be considered (CHCfE consortium 2015). Therefore, adaptive reuse should be supported by adequate multidimensional and multicriteria evaluation tools which enable to deal with multiple values and needs, also considering the diverse range of stakeholders, users and beneficiaries of the interventions This study presents the structured framework for the ex-post and ex-ante evaluation of the impacts of cultural heritage adaptive reuse practices in the perspective of the circular economy. It builds on previous analysis of more than 120 case studies of cultural heritage adaptive reuse. The aim of this chapter is to identify multidimensional evaluation tools, as criteria and indicators, according to the CLIC framework of circular adaptive reuse of cultural heritage, starting from the analysis of previous studies and ex-post evaluation of adaptive reuse practices, to structure a comprehensive operational framework for ex-ante evaluation and participatory decision-support in the perspective of circularity.
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Cucinelli, Diego. „Volare nella notte su ali rilucenti. L’airone (sagi) nel Giappone premoderno tra letteratura, folklore e bestiari“. In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History, 31–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0422-4.06.
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The heron (sagi) holds a cherished place among avian figures in Japanese culture, although it has received less scholarly attention compared to other birds. Its significance can be traced back to some of the oldest surviving texts. References to white herons are present in the Man’yōshū (Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves, second half of the 8th century) and the Kokin waka rokujō (Six Quires of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry, late 10th century). Additionally, the docile bittern appears in the Heike monogatari (Tale of the Heike, 13th century), and the nō drama Sagi (The Heron) is another noteworthy example. Depictions of herons with long legs are found in the verses of Matsuo Bashō (1644-1694) and Yosa Buson (1716-1784). In the extensively studied cases mentioned above, the heron often emerges as an elegant motif set against aquatic landscapes, frequently associated with themes of solitude. However, in less explored areas of folklore and bestiaries, the heron takes on a supernatural dimension. It becomes linked to both water and fire, as well as concepts of life and death. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the representations of herons in premodern Japan, this essay will adopt a structured approach. It will commence by offering a summary of existing literature on the subject, establishing the groundwork. Subsequently, the essay will delve into the analysis of sources that have received relatively less attention, particularly focusing on folklore and bestiaries.
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Janku, Andrea. „Landscapes and Environmental Change“. In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 118–34. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1807-6.ch007.
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This chapter is the second part of an exploration into the history and meaning of landscapes, based on a case study of the “must-see” scenic spots or Eight Views (bajing 八景) of Linfen County in the south of China's Shanxi province. While the first part focused on the value of these iconic landscapes as sources of identity, this chapter will show how their aesthetic appreciation is intrinsically linked to their productive power. The author argues that it was largely the idea of productivity that made these landscapes amenable for aesthetic consumption and viable as sources of identity and meaning. It was the inherent instability of these productive aspects that made their aesthetic appreciation even more significant, as it ultimately depended on the precarious balance between the two.
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Kapetanios, Andreas. „Ancient Laurion: Stages, phases and landscape“. In Der Anschnitt, Beihefte, 119–41. Deutsches Bergbau-Museum Bochum, 2023. https://doi.org/10.46586/dbm.264.397.
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Where do we stand 160 years after the first systematic exploration of the Laurion district? This paper attempts to assess the overall picture of our progress in solving the great puzzle presented by the main distinctive characteristic of the Laurion Peninsula: its very large scale. It sets off by pinpointing the main pending questions linked to the interpretation of the area’s material culture and its landscape; it proceeds to organize them in an intra-referenced sequence of stages and phases. Materials and structures related to mining and metallurgical technology are targeted. For example: how did the ore washeries evolve, how did this evolution participate in structuring the landscape? How did human collectivities co-evolve as to their internal structure? How was this reflected on changes in their landscape organization principles? The major problems of chronology are tackled by sequencing each class of material evidence (katharistêria, hydraulic technology, mining galleries and shafts)1, independently, based on purely archaeological data. A seven-phase scheme is proposed and compared with established historiographic sequences for a Laurion relative chronology to emerge. The whole network of identifiable evolution lines is proposed to be understandable within a largescale landscape perspective and this is exemplified in the case of a suggested triggering of urbanization processes within the Athenian Chora. These large-scale dynamics are made visible in structuring power relations which control land (surface and underground), water and human labour.
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Evans Netshivhambe, Ntshengedzeni. „Multiculturalism and Cultural Tolerance“. In Understanding Multiculturalism and Interculturalism in Cross Cultures [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1006674.
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In an interconnected world shaped by globalisation, and multiculturalism, global migration reshapes social landscapes. South Africa, within the African continent, faces a daily influx of individuals seeking refuge or opportunity. Since the advent of democracy, illegal immigration has become contentious, with increased corruption at entry points. Xenophobic violence often scapegoats foreign nationals for economic struggles, including human trafficking, crime and the sale of expired goods. These tensions manifest as cultural clashes and are worsened by crimes like robbery and kidnapping, often linked to foreign-owned businesses. This challenges the fundamental right to safety and security, raising questions about the coexistence of life security and multiculturalism. This chapter explores the interplay between life security and cultural diversity in South Africa, examining literature, socio-political dynamics and cultural tensions. It aims to foster inclusive communities where everyone, regardless of origin, can live without fear and discrimination, advocating for a future where diversity is celebrated.
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Sánchez Ramos, Isabel, und Jorge Morín de Pablos. „Ecclesiastical Landscapes in the Visigothic Capital and Countryside of Toledo (Spain)“. In The Visigothic Kingdom. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720632_ch16.
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With its strategic geographic location near the major Roman roads in the middle of the Iberian Peninsula, Toledo was the Visigoth capital under Theudis in the year ad 546 until the collapse of the kingdom in the early eighth century. Most of the evidence of its architectural power linked to new local elites is located in the countryside rather than in the city of Toledo. Archaeology has attested the collapse of the Roman territorial model and its substitution by a medieval one. This model is characterized by the appearance of monumental complexes, in which monastic and sacred complexes linked to the aristocracies of Toledo acquired preference, key for understanding the social, cultural, and economic dynamics of the fifth and the eighth centuries.
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FitzPatrick, Elizabeth. „The Domain of Literati in the Landscape of Lordship“. In Landscapes of the Learned, 28—C2P92. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192855749.003.0002.
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Abstract The premise of this chapter is that literati were integral to the creation of borderland centers of power during politically significant times for ruling families. A concept of borderscape, charged with different cultural practices, identities, and political intentions, is developed to define the places where literati lived and worked in the lordships. Circumstances in which borderscapes of ruling families came into being, and the corresponding variation in how they are manifested archaeologically, is discussed. Using a landscape perspective, three borderscapes, in Ulster, Munster, and Connacht, are presented to demonstrate their roles for ruling families and the contribution that literati made to creating and maintaining them. It is concluded that literati are found in borderscapes distinguished by (a) newly built or repurposed chiefry residences, around which lands were set aside for professionals and servitors from the fourteenth century to the late sixteenth; (b) church land, where learned men were comharbai and airchinnigh, from the late twelfth century into the seventeenth; and (c) marginal land distinguished by signature hills and mountains associated with the legendary border-hero Fionn mac Cumhaill, and linked by poets to the dynastic histories of chiefs. It is established that the principal archaeology of borderscapes where literati had their estates includes political assembly sites, chiefry castles, feasting sites, churches that were centers of learning, ogham stones, secular school-houses, and hills and low mountains, designated Formaoil and Suidhe Finn, with their associated prehistoric monuments. The findings of this chapter support the view that literati had agency in the strategies of chiefs to preserve their lordships and to assert overlordship.
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Bengtson, Jennifer, und Toni Alexander. „Mississippian Geographies of Fertility“. In Mississippian Women, 116–45. University Press of Florida, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683404149.003.0005.
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Human experiences occur within and link together places at multiple spatial scales, and this chapter explores the mutual benefit of geographical and archaeological perspectives for exploring these linkages in the context of fertility. Inspired by archaeologies of embodiment and engendered landscapes, this chapter delves into the human geography literature for further theoretical guidance in our consideration of Mississippian women’s use of place and space in their biological, emotional, cosmological, and ritual experiences of fertility. Attention is paid to highlighting the ways that households, villages, and outlying natural and cultural landscapes are linked by fertility, particularly via the practiced and idealized experience of fertility as a force disrupting the boundary between women’s biologically circumscribed bodies and their surrounding gendered landscapes. This disruption is material/physical as well as being emotional/spiritual, as women physically move between and among places of fertility and are linked to these places via their bodily products—such as spatially situated parturition and menstruation. The Hunze-Evans site in southeastern Missouri serves as a case study for situating a small Mississippian village within a multiscalar and embodied geography of fertility.
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Cobb, Charles R. „Apocalypse Now and Then?“ In The Archaeology of Southeastern Native American Landscapes of the Colonial Era, 181–204. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066196.003.0007.
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The concluding chapter critically evaluates a received wisdom in the literature that pre-European contact polities collapsed from the impacts of colonialism. An argument is made for a more nuanced perspective on major cultural transformations and a closer interrogation of the implications of terms like collapse. As an alternative, this chapter forwards the thesis that, rather than a single collapse, Native American landscapes underwent a series of major alterations through the colonial era. These were linked to demographic decline and conflict; the emergence of the consumer revolution; the manipulation of debt by colonial and American governments; and the development of capitalism. As a concluding point, the author argues that Native American cultures successfully navigated these changes even as they were transformed by them.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Svistun, A., und Elena Maklakova. „MEASURES TO PRESERVE GLACIERS FOR THE PURPOSES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF NORTHERN SETTLEMENTS“. In SCIENCE AND STUDENTS – 2024, 73–77. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2024. https://doi.org/10.58168/sas_73-77.
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The accelerated melting of glaciers caused by global warming leads to changes in ecosystems, a decrease in freshwater reserves and a rise in sea levels. These processes have a negative impact on the availability of water resources, food security, ecosystem health and human well-being, especially in the Arctic and subarctic regions. The melting of glaciers is changing the traditional way of life of indigenous peoples, whose culture is closely linked to the stability of natural conditions and glacial landscapes. This leads to the loss of cultural heritage and traditional knowledge about the environment. Climate change and glacier reduction require the development and implementation of new strategies for the sustainable development of the northern territories, including the adaptation of infrastructure, economy and social sphere to new conditions. The use of innovative technologies and solutions aimed at preserving glaciers and adapting to climate change is becoming a vital necessity.
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Romano, Lia. „Architecture and Proto Industry. Watermills in the historic peri-urban landscape of Benevento (Italy)“. In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14567.
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The landscape of Benevento is historically characterised by the presence of vernacular architectures which exploited the driving power of water for productive purposes. The abundance of watercourses and natural resources coupled with the large quantity of agricultural products enabled the development of a real proto-industrial centre, which was particularly active in southern Italy between the 18th and 19th centuries. Production activities linked to the manufacture of textiles and leather were flanked by a dense system of watermills. Situated in the proximity of the city walls and the city's main rivers, such watermills and their inherent complex network of canals have shaped the historic peri-urban landscape of the city over centuries.Thanks to the availability of numerous historical maps and archival drawings of mills, a link can be established between the past and what is currently visible in the area. The recognition of the physical traces of the mills and of the remains of the water adduction system deepens the knowledge of an unresolved strip of city territory that still retains a peri-urban character, being delimited on one side by the historic walls and on the other by the 20th century expansion of the city.In light of these considerations, this paper offers a new contribution to the study of the proto-industrial architectural heritage of Benevento, focusing on the interpretation of material traces of the past: their recognition will strengthen the identity of this part of the city.
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McNeill, Hinematau. „Urupā Tautaiao: Revitalising ancient customs and practices for the modern world“. In LINK 2022. Tuwhera Open Access, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2022.v3i1.178.
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This urupā tautaiao (natural burials) research is a Marsden funded project with a decolonising agenda. It presents a pragmatic opportunity for Māori to re-evaluate, reconnect, and adapt ancient customs and practices for the modern world. The design practice output focus is the restoration of existing graves located in the urupā (burial ground) of the Ngāti Moko, a hapū (subtribe) of the Tapuika tribe that occupy ancestral land in central North Island of New Zealand. In preparation for the gravesite development, a series of hui a hapū (tribal meetings) were held to engage and encourage participation in the research. The final design which honours pre-contact customary practices, involved collaboration between the tribe, an ecologist, and a landscape architect. Hui a hapū included workshops exploring ancient burial practices. Although pre-contact Māori interred the dead in a variety of environmentally sustainable ways, funerary practices have dramatically shifted due to colonisation. Consequently, Māori have adopted environmentally damaging European practices that includes chemical embalming, concrete gravestones, and water and soil pollution. Mindful of tribal diversity, post-colonial tangihanga (customary Māori funerals) incorporate distinctively Māori and European, customary beliefs and practices. Fortuitously, they have also retained the essence of tūturu (authentic) Māori traditions that reinforce tribal identity and social cohesion. Tūturu traditions are incorporated into the design of the gravesite. Surrounded by conventional gravestones, and using only natural materials, the gravesite aspires to capture the beauty of nature embellished with distinctively Māori cultural motifs. Low maintenance native plants are intersected with four pou (traditional carvings)that carry pūrākau (Māori sacred narratives) of life and death. This dialectical concept is accentuated in the pou depicting Papatūānuku (Earth Mother). Etched into her womb is a coiled umbilical cord referencing life. Reminding us that, although in death we return to her womb, it is also a place that nurtures life. Hoki koe ki a Papatūānuku, ki te kōpū o te whenua (return to the womb of Papatūānuku) is often heard during ritual speeches at tangihanga. The pou also commemorates our connection to the gods. According to Māori beliefs, the primeval parents Papatūānuku (Earth) and Ranginui (Sky) genealogically link people and the environment together through whakapapa (kinship). Whakapapa imposes on humankind, kaitiakitanga (guardianship), responsibility for the wellbeing of the natural environment. In death, returning to Papatūānuku in a natural way, gives credence to kaitiakitanga. This presentation focuses on a project that encourages Māori to embrace culturally compatible burials that are affordable, environmentally responsible, and visually aesthetic. It also has the potential to encourage other indigenous communities to explore their own alternative, culturally unique and innovative ways to address modern death and burial challenges.
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García Juan, Laura, Ángeles Alberto Villavicencio und Concepción Camarero Bullón. „On the defence of patrimony: enhancing the value of fortified cities and their landscapes by creating a transborder smart tourism destination“. In HEDIT 2024 - International Congress for Heritage Digital Technologies and Tourism Management. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/hedit2024.2024.17732.
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Cultural patrimony plays a primordial role in catalysing a rural world immersed in a bitter struggle to survive. Depopulation and a lack of incentives are just two of the most severe problems in this regard. La Raya, as the study area on the Spanish-Portuguese border is known, offers a clear case of this situation. Setting out from the transborder area between the western region of the province of Salamanca (Spain) and the eastern part of Beira (Portugal), an experimental laboratory was created to elaborate and implement specific solutions to the challenges threatening a space marked by certain particularities. The longstanding need to defend this zone now centres on a series of fortified cities whose historical and biocultural patrimony requires novel ideas to enhance their value and conservation efforts. To a great degree, achieving this goal entails integrating the elements and resources of their landscapes and including them in a process in which citizen participation is reflected in the territory's destiny. Combining these aspects has spurred the development of the proposal presented herein, one that addresses several key challenges: normalising the reality of two nations; enhancing the value of intangible patrimony as an additional component; conserving, above all, unpopulated spaces; and developing inclusive initiatives that respect the landscapes of the main population nuclei. The project culminates with the elaboration of geotechnological tools and solutions that offer valuable experiences while simultaneously capturing data on the most important aspects for residents and visitors. This arduous process is conducted by a multidisciplinary team linked to diverse local agents.
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Plyku Demaj, Marsela, Joli Mitrojorgji und Klodjana Gjata. „Beyond the walls - The impact of urban sprawl on the fortifications in Albania“. In FORTMED2024 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2024.2024.17946.
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The need for protection of human settlements has existed since the earliest times of human society. It is reflected in the choice of the terrain, strategic location and through the construction of castles and fortification walls to protect the life inside the settlement. Being interdependent to the human settlement that they aim to protect, fortifications, apart from reflecting the building and military techniques of the time, are also a significant indicator of the life and extent of the historic built settlement within the walls, its accessibility, main transportation routes, etc. In Albania, fortifications, based on a classification on typology, function, building techniques, among others, are one of the first architectural genre designated as monuments of culture in the first national List of Cultural Monuments back in 1948. When in urban areas, these elements often constituted the core of the settlement. As such, they are permanent urban nodes in times of growth, development and change during the centuries and often conditioning/determining the growth policies around them. In present days, many only preserve traces of the protective structures and the walls and few still continue to host living neighborhoods within the perimeter. This article focuses on the fortifications in urban areas linked to historic settlements and impacted from the urban sprawl through history or currently due to urban development pressures. How do these permanent features of the city face urban growth, offering a categorization of the impacts being: building within, out or close to the encirclement of walls, or even the impact on the traditional landscape? By displaying a detailed view of the nature and range of impacts the study aims at helping national and local authorities dealing with cultural heritage, to undertake informed decisions for the protection and management of cultural heritage facing risk or loss of cultural values, and to be able to produce contemporary urban landscapes where historical layers combine.
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Sosa García, Omar. „Fragmentos de identidad insular: paisaje y cultura local como herramientas para la planificación turística de Agaete y Alghero“. In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6351.
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Algunas ciudades históricas costeras, con cierto potencial de desarrollo turístico y arraigadas tradiciones culturales, necesitan una planificación adecuada para afrontar dicho desarrollo. La sobreexplotación de la franja costera impulsa el deterioro de los valores que la hacen diferentes de otros territorios, razón básica de su posible atractivo turístico. Así, bajo la consideración de que la cultura local y el paisaje están intrínsecamente unidos, influencian el evolución de dichas ciudades y territorios y pueden ser la base de un desarrollo turístico ambiental y socialmente sostenible, se plantea el análisis, en los casos de Agaete y Alghero, de toda forma de expresión de la tradición histórica local para componer la imagen contemporánea de su cultura, donde el paisaje sea el elemento articulador de los espacios en los que esta cultura se desarrolla, permitiendo la comprensión de su ordenación física a través del territorio y su posterior puesta en valor. Some coastal historic cities with certain potential of tourism development and strong cultural traditions need a proper planning able to tackle such development. Overexploitation of the coastal strip drives the deterioration of the elements that make it different from other territories, basic reason for its possible tourist attraction. Local culture and landscape are inextricably linked, influence cities and territories development and can be the basis of an environmentally and socially sustainable tourism development. So, with Agaete and Alghero as cases of study, analysis of all forms of expression of the local, historical tradition will set the contemporary image of their culture, where landscapes articulate spaces in which this culture is developed, allowing to understand its territorial structure and its subsequent revaluation.
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Engstrom, Carol J., und Guy M. Goulet. „Husky Moose Mountain Pipeline: A Case Study of Planning, Environmental Assessment and Construction“. In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-140.
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In 1998, Husky Oil Operations Limited and its partner formerly Rigel Oil, (purchased by Talisman Energy in 1999), constructed a 26.2 km pipeline in Kananaskis Country to transport sour oil, solution gas and produced water from Pad #3 on Cox Hill to the Shell Oil Jumping Pound Gas Plant for processing. Kananaskis Country is a 4160 km2 “Planning Area” that has both Prime Protection and Multiple Use designations. Situated just west of Calgary, Alberta, Canada it has considerable recreational and environmental value, including significant wildlife habitat. The original exploration and subsequent pipeline construction applications required separate Alberta Energy & Utilities Board (AEUB) public hearings with both involving significant public consultation. Prior to drilling on the lands that had been purchased more than a decade ago, Husky adopted several governing principles to reduce environmental impact, mitigate damage and foster open and honest communication with other industrial users, regulators, local interest groups and local aboriginal communities. During planning and construction, careful attention was paid to using existing linear disturbances (seismic lines, roads and cutblocks). A variety of environmental studies, that incorporated ecologically-integrated landscape classification and included the use of indicator species such as the Grizzly Bear, were conducted prior to and during the early stages of development. The results of these studies, along with the information gathered from the public consultation, historical and cultural studies and engineering specifications formed the basis for the route selection. Watercourses presented particular challenges during pipeline construction. The pipeline right-of-way (RoW) intercepted 26 small water runs and 19 creeks. Fishery and water quality issues were identified as important issues in the lower Coxhill Creek and Jumpingpound Creeks. As a result, Jumpingpound Creek was directionally drilled at two locations and all other watercourses were open-cut using low-impact techniques. To minimize new RoW clearing, substantial portions of the pipeline were placed in the ditch of the existing road. Husky attributes the success of this project to planning, broad community input and the co-operation and buy-in by the project management team and construction companies.
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Holleran, Samuel. „Ultra Graphic: Australian Advertising Infrastructure from Morris Columns to Media Facades“. In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4028p0swn.
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This paper examines the development of infrastructures for outdoor advertising and debates over visual ‘oversaturation’ in the built environment. It begins with the boom in posters that came in the 19th century with a plethora of new manufactured goods and the attempts by civic officials to create structures that would extend cities’ available surface area for the placement of ads. It then charts the rise of building-top ‘sky signs,’ articulated billboards, kiosks, and digital media facades while detailing the policy initiatives meant to regulate these ad surfaces. This work builds on ongoing research into the development of signage technologies in Sydney and Melbourne, the measurement and regulation of ‘visual pollution’, and the promotion of entertainment and nightlife in precincts defined by neon and historic signage. This project responds to the increasing ambiguity between traditional advertising substrates and building exteriors. It charts the development of display technologies in relation to changing architectural practices and urban landscapes. Signage innovation in Australia has been driven by increasingly sophisticated construction practices and by the changing nature of cities; shifting markedly with increased automobility, migration and cultural change, and mobile phone use. The means by which urban reformers and architectural critics have sought to define, measure, and control new ad technologies—sometimes deemed ‘visual pollution’— offers a prehistory to contemporary debates over ‘smart city’ street furniture, and a synecdoche to narratives of degradation and ugliness in the post-war built environment. These four thematically linked episodes show how Australian civic officials and built environment activists have responded to visual clutter, and the fuzzy line between advertisers, architects, and builders erecting increasingly dynamic infrastructures for ad delivery. This progression shows the fluctuating place of advertisement in the built environment, ending with the emergence of today’s programmable façades and urban screens.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cultural landscapes linked to watere"
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer und Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
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The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
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Saville, Alan, und Caroline Wickham-Jones, Hrsg. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, Juni 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.