Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „CSP-score“

Abstract Background and study aims Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) for small colorectal polyps has lower incidence of adverse events, especially delayed postpolypectomy bleeding (DPPB). However, few data are available on comparisons of the incidence of DPPB of CSP and hot polypectomy (HP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of DPPB after CSP and compare it with that of HP. A propensity score model was used as a secondary analysis. Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in a single municipal hospital. We identified 539 patients with colorectal polyps from 2 mm to 11 mm in size who underwent CSP (804 polyps in 330 patients) or HP (530 polyps in 209 patients) between July 2013 and June 2015. Results There were no cases of DPPB in the CSP group. Conversely, DPPB occurred in 4 patients (1.9 %) after HP, resulting in a significant difference between the CSP and HP groups (0.008 % vs 0 %, P = 0.02). Propensity score-matching analysis created 402 matched pairs, yielding a significantly higher DPPB rate in the HP group than CSP group (0.02 % vs 0 %, P = 0.04). However, significantly more patients in the CSP group had unclear horizontal margins that precluded assessment (83 vs 38 cases, P < 0.001). The retrieval failure rate was significantly higher in the CSP group than in the HP group (3 % vs 0.7 %, P = 0.01). Conclusions DPPB was less frequent with CSP than HP, as selected by the propensity score-matching model. Our findings indicate that CSP is recommended polypectomy in daily clinical setting. However, special care should be taken during polyp retrieval and horizontal margin assessment, and these issues could be taken into account in follow-up after CSP.

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the power of one of the primary organizational stakeholders (shareholders) in the development of a corporate social performance (CSP) score. Few research works in the CSP empirical literature have studied the relationship between stakeholder power and CSP. Design/methodology/approach – Stakeholder theory is used as a theoretical framework to explain how shareholder voting power can influence the CSP level of French publicly listed companies. Stakeholder theory is tested through the operationalization of Ullmann’s (1985) three-dimensional model. Hypotheses related to shareholder voting power, strategic posture and financial performance are formulated through a literature review. A Data Envelopment Analysis approach was presented as a strong tool to measure CSP level. Multiple linear regressions were undertaken to test the hypotheses in a sample of 129 French companies between 2006 and 2007. Findings – The results indicate that companies with dispersed ownership and high proportion of institutional shareholders record a high score of CSP. Strategic posture measured by the implementation of environmental certification standard was positively and significantly related to CSP. Financial performance does not affect significantly the level of CSP. Originality/value – This paper is the first to empirically analyse the relationship between Ullmann’s three-dimensional model and CSP level in the French context. It offers to managers a better understanding of the power that certain stakeholders can use to acquire satisfaction.

Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a highly successful algorithm in motor imagery based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The performance of the algorithm, however, depends largely on the operational frequency bands. To address the problem, a filter bank was applied to find optimal frequency bands. In filter bank, CSP was applied in all sub-band signals for feature extraction. The feature selection is the key of filter bank method for increasing classification performance. In this study, coefficient decimation (CD) technique was used to devise filter bank, while Fisher score and Laplacian score were proposed as feature selection criterion. In off-line analysis, the proposed method yielded relatively better cross-validation classification accuracies.

Purpose This paper examines if gender diversity on corporate boards promotes corporate social performance (CSP) across industries and across countries. Design/methodology/approach Fixed-effect panel models are estimated using Europe-wide data from 2002 through 2013. Instrumental variable estimation and propensity score matching are also used to control for potential endogeneity. Findings Board gender diversity (BGD) improves environmental and social performance and consequently the CSP. Although the positive effect of gender diversity is prevalent across industries, the effect is more pronounced for firms in emerging markets. Practical implications The findings suggest that gender law that fosters gender diversity can promote CSP in firms, and the benefit can be enjoyed with just an introduction of one female director to the board. Promotion of gender diversity in Europe is most beneficial in emerging markets. Originality/value The results provide new insights to the literature, as we find that a critical mass of female directors on boards is not required to promote CSP. The research also highlights that BGD enhances CSP irrespective of the industry, and the effect on CSP is more pronounced in emerging markets where regulations regarding CSR are not so clear-cut.

The mixing properties and baking performance of 17 Canada Western Red Spring wheat varieties and advanced breadwheat lines grown under the same environmental conditions have been assessed using Canadian and Australian test bake procedures with emphasis on no-time dough processes. Mixing times with the Australian rapid dough process (RDP) were considerably shorter than those obtained with the Canadian short process (CSP). However, a very high correlation was obtained for mixing time with the RDP and the CSP, indicating a similar ability to rank cultivar bake mixing requirements. Dough development times obtained from normal and high speed (180 rpm) farinograms and micro-mixograms were found to be poor predictors of CSP and RDP mixing time. Cultivars generally showed good to excellent baking performance with the 2 no-time procedures (RDP and CSP) and the Australian fermented dough procedure (FDP). High correlations and similar cultivar rankings were obtained for loaf volume and bread score with the CSP and FDP. However, no significant correlations and different cultivar rankings were obtained between RDP and CSP (or FDP), indicating that different quality properties may determine relative cultivar baking performance. These results also suggest that both no-time dough procedures may be required in breeder selection and quality monitoring programs to ensure superior breadwheat performance in domestic and export markets.

Introduction: Long-term use of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy causes several side effects, especially induction of metastasis on breast cancer (BC). There is an urgent need to identify novel agent with low side effect targeting BC metastasis. Citrus sinensis (L.) peels extract (CSP) has long been used for the treatment of several cancer. However, its anti-metastatic potential against BC metastatic remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of CSP in combination with DOX in inhibiting the migration of metastatic breast cancer MDAMB-231 cells. Material and Methods: Potential cytotoxic in single and combination was analysed 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay (MTT assay). The anti-metastatic activities of several major compound on CSP including hesperetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, naringenin and hesperidin were screened by molecular docking under PLANTS software. Results: Based on molecular docking we revealed that the selected protein target MMP-9 (PBD ID:2OVX) has lower docking score for hesperetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, naringenin and hesperidin compare to DOX. CSP and DOX individually exhibited strong cytotoxic effect on MDA-MB-231 cells under MTT assay with IC50 value of 344 µg/mL and 85 nM, respectively. Furthermore, CSP in combination with DOX synergistically increased the cytotoxicity of DOX. Here, we showed that CSP can specifically suppress the side effect of DOX-induced metastasis by reduces doses of DOX. However, low doses of DOX in combination with CSP still potential inhibited cancer cells growth. Conclusion: In conclusion, CSP increased the cytotoxicity and inhibited the induction of metastasis by DOX in breast cancer cells. So that, CSP potential to be developed as co-chemotherapeutic agent.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the disclosure pattern of corporate sustainability (CS) and the influence of sustainability reporting on firm performance of four countries in Asia – Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and India. Design/methodology/approach The authors have collected the sustainability reports and annual reports of 111 firms from four Asian countries for a period of six years. Based on the framework of Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI, 3 and 3.1), content analysis is used for calculating the disclosure score of corporate sustainability performance (CSP). These scores are further used to examine the impact on firm performance by employing a panel data regression model. Findings The study finds that the average level and quality of disclosure are the highest for Japanese firms, followed by India and South Korea. However, in the case of Indonesia, the average score is very low. Further, the study finds a significant difference in the disclosure of overall sustainability as well as components of sustainability between the countries. The regression results indicate the positive impact of CSP (both in terms of level and quality) on MBR. Specifically, the outcome of the regression model reveals that both the level and quality disclosure of CS are crucial for enhancing firm value for both the developed and developing countries of Asia. Moreover, the relative influence of CSP (both in terms of level and quality) on firm performance is found to be more in developed countries than the developing countries of Asia. Originality/value This is the first comprehensive study in the Asian context to investigate the disclosure pattern of CSP and also examine the association between CSP and firm performance by employing the panel data model. The outcome of this study is useful for policy implication.

Objectives: Schizophrenia is accompanied by impaired cortical inhibition, as measured by several markers including the cortical silent period (CSP). It is thought that CSP measures gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors B (GABAB) mediated inhibitory activity. But the mutual roles of schizophrenia as a disease and the drugs used for the treatment of psychosis on GABA mediated neurotransmission are not clear. Methods: We recruited 13 drug-naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess CSP prior to initiating risperidone monotherapy and again four weeks later. At the same time, we rated the severity of psychopathology using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Results: We obtained data from 12 patients who showed a significant increase in CSP, from 134.20±41.81 ms to 162.95±61.98 ms ( p=0.041; Cohen’s d=0.544). After the treatment, the PANSS total score was significantly lower, as were the individual subscores ( p<0.05). However, no correlation was found between ΔCSP and ΔPANSS. Conclusion: Our study in patients with first-episode schizophrenia demonstrated an association between risperidone monotherapy and an increase in GABAB mediated inhibitory neurotransmission.

59 Background: This study was aimed at measuring the preventive effect of colonoscopy for CRC development depending on age of index colonoscopy, gender and metabolic syndrome among persons aged 40 to 59 years. Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2006, data for the population aged from 40 to 59 who underwent colonoscopy (CSP cohort) claimed were collected from National Health Insurance Service (NHIS). Non-CSP (N-CSP) subjects were also collected by 1:5 propensity score matching with parameters of age, sex, and metabolic profiles, smoking, alcohol and past history of cancer. After one year of washout period, the risk of developing CRC was estimated by the occurrence of new case from January 2009 to December 2014 using the link of National CRC Registry to NHIS database. Compared with N-CSP cohort, hazard ratios (HRs) were obtained via conditional logistic regression analysis to estimate the risk of CRC in CSP cohort by age groups. Results: A total of 2,339,359 subjects were included (CSP cohort: 395,738 and matched N-CSP cohort: 1,943,621). The HRs for developing CRC by ages of 40-44, 45-49, 50-54, and 55-59 years in a CSP cohort were 0.864 ( P = NS), 0.591 ( P < 0.001), 0.599 ( P < 0.001), and 0.524 ( P < 0.001) in men, and 0.774 ( P = NS), 0.841 ( P = NS), 0.598 ( P < 0.001), and 0.605 ( P < 0.001) in women, respectively. Interestingly, when confined to patients with metabolic syndrome in their 40s, HRs for CRC in the colonoscopy cohort were statistically significantly lowered to 0.372 in early 40’s and 0.386 in men of late 40s, respectively, but not in women of 40s. Conclusions: The CRC prevention effect of colonoscopy is expected from late 40s in men and early 50s in women. Furthermore, in cases with metabolic syndrome, the preventive effect of colonoscopy is expected in men of early forties.

e17519 Background: The Cancer Support Program (CSP) of Optum provides patients and their caregivers with telephonic case management by experienced oncology nurses, social workers and appropriately-trained physicians. Goals include reducing emergency department visits and hospitalizations, and helping patients comply with treatments and more effectively manage symptoms. The intent of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of CSP from both quality and financial perspectives. Methods: The study used a case control approach to compare participants and non-participants of the Optum CSP program. Propensity score method was applied to adjust for baseline differences between the two groups. The study population consisted of cancer patients (N=8,833) enrolled in commercial health plans through self-insured employers. The patients were referred into CSP between July 2009 and June 2011. Outcomes of cost and hospice days were estimated with generalized linear models. We also compared the group of CSP participants (N=3,716) to active cancer patients enrolled in a general CM program (N=2,867) on the topics the nurses discussed with patients. Results: For program participants who were under active treatment and survived at least 6 months after referral , medical cost per patient per month during the six month of engagement was reduced by 9.8% (95% confidence interval [3.7%, 15.6%], p-value 0.002). The decedent’s cost during the last 3 months of the life was reduced by 19.9% (95% confidence interval [2.8%, 34.1%], p-value 0.025). Average hospice days of all deceased CSP participants increased by 42.3%, (95% confidence interval [13.9%, 77.8%], p-value 0.002). CSP nurses, all of whom had cancer management experience, addressed 56 topics of cancer-related support compared to only 11 for general CM nurses. Among the topics that both groups addressed, 35% of the topics were addressed 10% or more frequently by CSP nurses, including “Cancer Treatment Choices Outlined” and “Education Provided: Cancer Medications” etc. Conclusions: We conclude the Optum CSP program is effective in reducing medical cost, promoting use of hospice and providing cancer-specific patient support for a population of cancer patients under active treatment.

Titel: Miljökontroverser och dess påverkan på företags marknadsvärde   Nivå: Examensarbete på Grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi   Författare: Carl Tangfelt och Olivia Wikberg   Handledare: Jan Svanberg   Datum: 2021 - juni     Syfte: I dagens samhälle debatteras hållbarhet och klimat i stor utsträckning. Detta påverkar också företagen. Allt större krav från omvärlden att som företag verka hållbart föreligger, samtidigt som förekomsten av företagsskandaler successivt ökar. Hur företag bör förebygga och agera vid företagsskandaler kopplade till hållbarhet är därför en essentiell fråga. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om miljökontroverser påverkar företags marknadsvärde genom att svara på om företagens marknadsvärde påverkas negativt. Studien undersöker också om företagens synlighet har en inverkan på en eventuell effekt mellan marknadsvärde och miljökontroverser.    Metod: Studiens metod bygger på en positivistisk forskningsfilosofi med en hypotetisk-deduktiv forskningsansats. Studien karaktäriseras av en kvantitativ metod med en longitudinell design då studiens data sträcker sig mellan åren 2010–2020. Sekundärdata är insamlad från databasen Refinitiv Eikon och omfattar 133 publika företag. Data har därefter behandlats i SPSS.   Resultat & slutsats: Studiens resultat visar ett överraskande signifikant positivt samband mellan miljökontroverser och företags marknadsvärde. Resultatet tyder också på att detta samband påverkas av graden synlighet i företaget. Resultaten indikerar i och med detta att all publicitet är god publicitet gällande miljökontroverser sett ur ett marknadsvärdesperspektiv.   Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar till att fylla ett forskningsgap inom området företagskontroverser och dess finansiella påverkan på företag då marknadsvärde i förhållande till miljöskandaler inte tidigare studerats. Studien bidrar också till en ökad kunskap om hur företags förebyggande hållbarhetsarbete påverkar den finansiella prestationen och således medför insikter till företagare i det fortsatta hållbarhetsarbetet. Slutligen bidrar studien praktiskt till intressenter som har ett intresse kring företags hållbarhetsprestationer och dess finansiella påverkan på företaget.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Intressanta riktlinjer för fortsatt forskning i ämnet utgörs av de sociala- och styrningsmässiga ESG-dimensionerna. Framtida forskning skulle också kunna ta mer hänsyn till endogenitet samt studera den miljömässiga prestationen i förhållande till miljökontroverser och marknadsvärde.   Nyckelord: CSR, ESG-betyg, Miljökontroverser, CSP-poäng, företagsskandaler, marknadsvärde, synlighet.
Title: Environmental controversies and their impact on companies' market value   Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration   Author: Carl Tangfelt och Olivia Wikberg   Supervisor: Jan Svanberg   Date: 2021 – June     Aim: In today's society, sustainability and climate are widely debated. This also affects companies. There are increasing demands from the outside world to operate in a sustainable way as a company, at the same time as the incidence of corporate scandals is gradually increasing. How companies should prevent and act in corporate scandals linked to sustainability is therefore an essential issue. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether environmental controversies affect companies' market value by answering whether companies' market value is negatively affected. The study also examines whether companies' visibility has an impact on a possible effect between market value and environmental controversies.   Method: The study method is based on a positivistic research philosophy with a hypothetical-deductive research approach. The study is characterized by a quantitative method with a longitudinal design as the study data extend between the years 2010–2020. Secondary data is collected from the Refinitiv Eikon database and comprises 133 public companies. Data were then processed in SPSS.   Result & Conclusions: The results of the study show a surprisingly significant positive relationship between environmental controversies and companies' market value. The results also indicate that this relationship is affected by the degree of visibility the company has. The results thus indicate that all publicity is good publicity regarding environmental controversies from a market value perspective.   Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to fill a research gap in the area of corporate controversies and its financial impact on companies since market value in relation to environmental scandals has not been studied before. The study also contributes to an increased knowledge of how companies' preventive sustainability work affects financial performance and thus brings insights to entrepreneurs in the continued sustainability work. Finally, the study contributes practically to stakeholders who have an interest in companies' sustainability performance and its financial impact on the company.   Suggestions for future research: Interesting guidelines for further research in the subject consist of the social and governance ESG dimensions. Future research could also consider more endogenicity and study the environmental performance in relation to environmental controversies and market value.   Key words: CSR, ESG-score, Environmental controversies, CSP-score, corporate scandals, market value, visibility

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems utilize solar thermal energy for the generation of electric power. This attribute makes it relatively easy to integrate CSP systems with fossil-fired power plants. The “solar-augment” of fossil power plants offers a lower cost and lower risk alternative to stand-alone solar plant construction. This study ranked the potential to add solar thermal energy to coal-fired and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants found throughout 16 states in the southeast and southwest United States. Each generating unit was ranked in six categories to create an overall score ranging from Excellent to Not Considered. Separate analysis was performed for parabolic trough and power tower technologies due to the difference in the steam temperatures that each can generate. The study found a potential for over 11 GWe of parabolic trough and over 21 GWe of power tower capacity. Power towers offer more capacity and higher quality integration due to the greater steam temperatures that can be achieved. The best sites were in the sunny southwest, but all states had at least one site that ranked Good for augmentation. Geographic depiction of the results can be accessed via NREL’s Solar Power Prospector at http://maps.nrel.gov/.