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1
Komi, Paavo V. „Force Measurements during Cross-Country Skiing“. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, Nr. 4 (November 1987): 370–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.370.
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To understand cross-country (X-C) siding it is important to record and identity forces of skis and poles separately and together. They both contribute to the forward progression, but their functional significance may be more complex than that of the ground reaction forces in running and walking. This report presents two methods to record forces on skis and poles during normal X-C skiing. A long force-platform system with four rows of 6-m long plates is placed under the snow track for recording of Fz and Fy forces of each ski and pole separately. This system is suitable especially for the study of diagonal technique under more strict experimental conditions. The second system consists of small lightweight Fz and Fy component force plates which are installed under the boot and binding. These plates can be easily changed from one ski to another, and telemetric recording allows free skiing over long distances and with different skiing techniques, including skating. The presentation emphasizes the integrated use of either system together with simultaneous cinematographic and electromyographic recordings.
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Pierce, Javin C., Malcolm H. Pope, Per Renstrom, Robert J. Johnson, Janet Dufek und Charles Dillman. „Force Measurement in Cross-Country Skiing“. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 3, Nr. 4 (November 1987): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.3.4.382.
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A method for measuring the forces between the shoe and ski and upon the pole has been developed. Instrumented skis and poles are used with a portable data acquisition system that is carried by the skier in the field. Elite, top-level collegiate, and citizen skiers were used as subjects. Skiers performed the diagonal stride, and a marathon skate. Axial force levels at the forefoot were found to reach 164%, and 120% of body weight in the diagonal skate strides, respectively.
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Schindelwig, Kurt, Martin Mössner, Michael Hasler und Werner Nachbauer. „Determination of the rolling resistance of roller skis“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 231, Nr. 1 (01.08.2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337116628719.
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The rolling resistance of skis used in roller skiing competitions should resemble the gliding resistance of cross-country skis to allow specific training and moving patterns for cross-country skiing and to guarantee equal opportunities for athletes in roller ski races. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to develop a portable rolling resistance meter to precisely measure the rolling resistance of roller skis. Measurements were based on recordings of the angular deceleration of a flywheel due to the rolling resistance between a roller ski’s wheel and the flywheel’s steel surface. Rolling resistance coefficients of four roller ski types ranged between 0.019 and 0.025. Measurements of the rolling resistance coefficient showed a precision of 1.26%. Substantial rolling resistance coefficient variations (10%) were observed for wheels of the same type. Furthermore, the rolling resistance coefficient was found to be negatively correlated with normal load or ambient temperature. The proposed rolling resistance meter is appropriate to determine the rolling resistance coefficient of roller skis’ wheels precisely.
4
Watts, Phillip B., Jon Eric Sulentic, Kip M. Drobish, Timothy P. Gibbons, Victoria S. Newbury, Martin D. Hoffman, Scott W. Mittelstadt, Kathleen P. O'Hagan und Philip S. Clifford. „Physiological Responses to Specific Maximal Exercise Tests for Cross-Country Skiing“. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 18, Nr. 4 (01.12.1993): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h93-030.
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The present study attempted to quantify differences in peak physiological responses to pole-striding (PS), double poling on roller skis (DP), and diagonal striding on roller skis (DS) during maximal exercise. Six expert cross-country ski racers (3 M, 3 F) with a mean age of 20.2 ± 1.3 yrs served as subjects. Testing was conducted on a motorized ski treadmill with a tracked belt surface. Expired air was analyzed continuously via an automated open-circuit system and averaged each 20 s. Heart rate was monitored via telemetry and arterialized blood was collected within 1 min of test termination and analyzed immediately for lactate. Peak values for heart rate and blood lactate did not differ among techniques. Peak oxygen uptake was higher for PS and DS versus DP whereas no difference was found between PS and DS. The VO2 peak for DP was 77 and 81% of VO2 peak for PS and DS, respectively. It was concluded that despite similar peak heart rate and blood lactate values, DP elicits a lower VO2 peak than DS or PS and that PS responses appear to closely reflect those of DS. Key words: exercise testing, maximum oxygen uptake, roller skiing, specificity of exercise, x-c skiing
5
Spring, Erik, Sauli Savolainen, Jari Erkkilä, Tuomo Hämäläinen und Pekka Pihkala. „Drag Area of a Cross-Country Skier“. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, Nr. 2 (Mai 1988): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.2.103.
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The drag area CDA of three male cross-country skiers as a function of their velocity was determined from their retardation when they were gliding on roller-skis over a horizontal smooth asphalt surface in a subway. The results show that CDA is a slightly decreasing function of the skier’s velocity in the velocity range 5–11 m/s. The drag area of a skier was found to be 0.27 ± 0.03 m2in a semi-squatting posture and 0.65 ± 0.05 m2in an upright posture for an average size skier (weight 80 kg, height 1.75 m). The difference in the drag area between a normal outdoor suit and a tight-fitting ski suit was found to be as much as 30%. A skier keeping pace with a skier ahead will gain a reduction in drag of about 25 %. The leading skier in this study was found to have his drag reduced by approximately 3 % compared to what it would be if there were no skier pacing up with him. The skier behind hinders the skier ahead from generating to a full extent the vortexes behind himself or herself. These reductions are of course strongly dependent on the distance between the skiers.
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Ohtonen, Olli, Stefan Lindinger und Vesa Linnamo. „Effects of Gliding Properties of Cross-Country Skis on the Force Production during Skating Technique in Elite Cross-Country Skiers“. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 8, Nr. 2 (Juni 2013): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.8.2.407.
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Хуртик, Дмитро, und Ірина Хмельницька. „Features of techniques of movement on skis and roller skis in elite hard of hearing cross-country skiers“. Theory and Methods of Physical Education and Sports, Nr. 4 (30.10.2013): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32652/tmfvs.2013.4.81-85.
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8
Street, Glenn M., und Robert W. Gregory. „Relationship between Glide Speed and Olympic Cross-Country Ski Performance“. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 10, Nr. 4 (November 1994): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.10.4.393.
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While the scientific literature has confirmed the importance of high maximal aerobic power to successful cross-country skiing performance, the same cannot be said of skiing technique or gliding characteristics of skis. The purpose of this study was to determine whether glide speed was related to Olympic race performance. Male competitors in the 50-km freestyle event were videotaped during the 1992 Winter Olympic Games. Glide speeds of the entire field were measured through a 20-m flat section at the bottom of a 150-m, 12° downhill. A significant correlation (r = -.73) was found between finish time and glide speed, showing that the more successful competitors tended to have faster glide speeds through this section of the course. A predictive model of glide speed suggested that the faster glide speeds were due primarily to differences in friction. There was little evidence to suggest that differences in air drag, body mass, or initial speed accounted for the major differences in glide speeds.
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Smith, Gerald A., Richard C. Nelson, Adam Feldman und Jeffrey L. Rankinen. „Analysis of V1 Skating Technique of Olympic Cross-Country Skiers“. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 5, Nr. 2 (Mai 1989): 185–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.5.2.185.
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The alternate stride or V1 skate technique was the predominant skiing method used in the free technique races of the 1988 Calgary Games. High-speed films were recorded of two free technique races: the Men’s 50 K and the Ladies' 20 K. A moderate and a steep uphill were sites of the filming, and both temporal and kinematic analyses were made. Times for a complete skating cycle tended to decrease on the steep hill (cycle rate increased). Cycle temporal proportions shifted to longer poling and recovery phases while the skating phases shortened on the steeper terrain. Mean cycle velocities (CV), cycle lengths (CL), and cycle rates (CR) were determined. Differences in kinematic relationships were noted: Male skiers included both those who emphasized CL to maximize CV and those who emphasized CR; females were relatively more consistent in emphasis on CR. In either case, center of mass (CM) motions were related to CR and CL. Increased lateral motion of CM tended to increase CL while decreasing CR. Ski edging angles were negatively correlated; a sharply edged ski on one side was usually associated with the other ski being relatively flat. The relationship of glide to ski flatness suggests that many skiers might benefit from skating with both skis relatively flat.
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Gervais, Pierre, und Craig Wronko. „The Marathon Skate in Nordic Skiing Performed on Roller Skates, Roller Skis, and Snow Skis“. International Journal of Sport Biomechanics 4, Nr. 1 (Februar 1988): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.4.1.38.
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In the past few years there has been a change from emphasizing the classical cross-country ski technique to introducing the skating technique. Use of the skating stride has led to the adoption of roller skates instead of the ratchet-type roller skis for dryland training. Therefore the question arises as to whether the roller skates simulate the movement pattern observed on snow. This study attempted to answer this question and to evaluate the movement similarity between a newly designed skating-specific roller ski and snow skis in performing the skating stride. The marathon skate was chosen for analysis as it was the most established and consistent skating stride. Biomechanical cinematography was used to acquire a sagittal and anterior view of the skiers. Temporal and angular kinematic data were collected. Both dryland devices approximated the snow skiing pattern, yet it was found that due to the discrepancies in the propulsion phase between the roller skates and the snow skis, the “Nordic Skate” roller skis proved to more closely simulate the on-snow technique.
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Sandbakk, Øyvind, und Hans-Christer Holmberg. „A Reappraisal of Success Factors for Olympic Cross-Country Skiing“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0373.
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Cross-country (XC) skiing has been an Olympic event since the first Winter Games in Chamonix, France, in 1924. Due to more effective training and tremendous improvements in equipment and track preparation, the speed of Olympic XC-ski races has increased more than that of any other Olympic endurance sport. Moreover, pursuit, mass-start, and sprint races have been introduced. Indeed, 10 of the 12 current Olympic competitions in XC skiing involve mass starts, in which tactics play a major role and the outcome is often decided in the final sprint. Accordingly, reappraisal of the success factors for performance in this context is required. The very high aerobic capacity (VO2max) of many of today’s world-class skiers is similar that of their predecessors. At the same time, the new events provide more opportunities to profit from anaerobic capacity, upper-body power, high-speed techniques, and “tactical flexibility.” The wide range of speeds and slopes involved in XC skiing requires skiers to continuously alternate between and adapt different subtechniques during a race. This technical complexity places a premium on efficiency. The relative amounts of endurance training performed at different levels of intensity have remained essentially constant during the past 4 decades. However, in preparation for the Sochi Olympics in 2014, XC skiers are performing more endurance training on roller skis on competition-specific terrain, placing greater focus on upper-body power and more systematically performing strength training and skiing at high speeds than previously.
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Boldt, Kevin, Anthony Killick und Walter Herzog. „Quadrupedal Locomotion–Respiration Entrainment and Metabolic Economy in Cross-Country Skiers“. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, Nr. 1 (Februar 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2014-0243.
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A 1:1 locomotion–respiration entrainment is observed in galloping quadrupeds, and is thought to improve running economy. However, this has not been tested directly in animals, as animals cannot voluntarily disrupt this entrainment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate metabolic economy in a human gait involving all four limbs, cross-country skiing, in natural entrainment and forced nonentrainment. Nine elite cross-country skiers roller skied at constant speed using the 2-skate technique. In the first and last conditions, athletes used the natural entrained breathing pattern: inhaling with arm recovery and exhaling with arm propulsion, and in the second condition, the athletes disentrained their breathing pattern. The rate of oxygen uptake (VO2) and metabolic rate (MR) were measured via expired gas analysis. Propulsive forces were measured with instrumented skis and poles. VO2 and MR increased by 4% and 5% respectively when skiers used the disentrained compared with the entrained breathing pattern. There were no differences in ski or pole forces or in timing of the gait cycle between conditions. We conclude that breathing entrainment reduces metabolic cost of cross-country skiing by approximately 4%. Further, this reduction is likely a result of the entrainment rather than alterations in gait mechanics.
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Novotný, Jan, Jan Ondráček und Jan Novotný sr. „Změna teplot sněhu při běhu na lyžích v obraze sekvenční termografie“. Studia sportiva 4, Nr. 2 (20.12.2010): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2010-2-13.
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Twenty years ago it was shown that friction increases the temperature of snow skis. Change of state permits for water skis glide. Th e aim of this pilot study was to determine whether dynamic infrared thermography is able to capture rapid changes in temperature of snow some areas (not just at one point), the ski tracks before and aft er passing. We monitored the snow on the track aft er 60 races two runners in various weights (86 and 73 kg) on two types of skis and lubrication (for classic and skating cross) and three diff erent speeds (3,04±0,180, 3,81±0,273 a 5,30±0,314 m.s-1). Measurements of infrared radiation and the calculation of snow surface temperature immediately before and aft er passing skier was carried out thermo-graphic system FLIR SC620 with 30 Mhz. Nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired comparison of values was found signifi cant increases in temperature aft er the snow cleared the skies: runner A from -3,71 to -3,50 °C (p=0,000000) and runner B from -3,75 na -3,50 °C (p=0,000000). To return to the baseline temperature is within 5 seconds aft er passing. Diff erences were demonstrated in the heat of snow between runners with diff erent masses and for the use of diff erent types of skis. Th e study confi rmed the ability of dynamic infrared thermography to register a very rapid temperature changes of snow in an area immediately before and aft er crossing the cross-country skiers. Dimensional dynamic thermography would seem to contribute to the choice of the correct strategy and lubrication in ski racing. However, it is necessary to make a series of validation studies.
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Mikkola, Jussi, Marko Laaksonen, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Ville Vesterinen und Ari Nummela. „Determinants of a Simulated Cross-Country Skiing Sprint Competition using V2 Skating Technique on Roller Skis“. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24, Nr. 4 (April 2010): 920–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181cbaaaf.
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Göpfert, Caroline, Hans-Christer Holmberg, Thomas Stöggl, Erich Müller und Stefan Josef Lindinger. „Biomechanical characteristics and speed adaptation during kick double poling on roller skis in elite cross-country skiers“. Sports Biomechanics 12, Nr. 2 (Juni 2013): 154–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.749939.
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Grasaas, Christina Åsan, Gertjan Ettema, Ann Magdalen Hegge, Knut Skovereng und Øyvind Sandbakk. „Changes in Technique and Efficiency After High-Intensity Exercise in Cross-Country Skiers“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, Nr. 1 (Januar 2014): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0344.
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This study investigated changes in technique and efficiency after high-intensity exercise to exhaustion in elite cross-country skiers. Twelve elite male skiers completed 4 min submaximal exercise before and after a high-intensity incremental test to exhaustion with the G3 skating technique on a 5% inclined roller-ski treadmill. Kinematics and kinetics were monitored by instrumented roller skis, work rate was calculated as power against roller friction and gravity, aerobic metabolic cost was determined from gas exchange, and blood lactate values indicated the anaerobic contribution. Gross efficiency was the work rate divided by aerobic metabolic rate. A recovery period of 10 min between the incremental test and the posttest was included to allow the metabolic values to return to baseline. Changes in neuromuscular fatigue in upper and lower limbs before and after the incremental test were indicated by peak power in concentric bench press and squat-jump height. From pretest to posttest, cycle length decreased and cycle rate increased by approximately 5% (P < 0.001), whereas the amount of ski forces did not change significantly. Oxygen uptake increased by 4%, and gross efficiency decreased from 15.5% ± 0.7% to 15.2% ± 0.5% from pretest to posttest (both P < .02). Correspondingly, blood lactate concentration increased from 2.4 ± 1.0 to 6.2 ± 2.5 mmol/L (P < .001). Bench-press and squat-jump performance remained unaltered. Elite cross-country skiers demonstrated a less efficient technique and shorter cycle length during submaximal roller-ski skating after high-intensity exercise. However, there were no changes in ski forces or peak power in the upper and lower limbs that could explain these differences.
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Doležalová, Hana, und Jakub Krátký. „Běžecké lyžování vozíčkářů venku i vevnitř“. Studia sportiva 7, Nr. 3 (16.12.2013): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-3-9.
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Wheelchair user and cross country skiing used to be a rare connection in the Czech Republic – especially because of its difficulty incombination with unsatisfactory equipment and the poor track situation. Nowadays the ski tracks are well prepared on many places in our country, also the special equipment – sledge construction with seat matches the standard ski binding and skis. Ski simulator is an inside alternative. The movement is possible due to upper limbs bimanual locomotion and residual muscles of the trunk. It is good to try activating muscles that tend to grow weaker in ordinary life and by contrast reduce the activity of overloaded muscles. The ski simulator allows complex motoric activity that increases the fitness level influencing the ADL (activity of daily living). Cross country skiing for handicapped people can be understood as another possibility how to improve fitness abilities, compensatory locomotion and one of not many activities that can be done during winter and help people to be in the nature and get to up to now inaccessible places at the same time.
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ATEŞ, BAHAR, und Ebru ÇETİN. „Roller-Ski Aerobic High-Intensity Interval Training Improves the VO2max and Anaerobic Power in Cross-Country Skiers“. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology 6, Nr. 2 (27.08.2017): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v6i2.158.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the 8-week of roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval training on aerobic and anaerobic power in cross-country skiers. 10 male [age, 18,28±2,1 years; height, 171,26±4,12 cm; weight, 61,39±6,28 kg] and 8 female [age, 16,05±0.3 years; height, 158,3±6,47 cm; weight, 49,34±0.7 kg] junior cross-country skiers completed the study. All skiers performed 2x2-km all-out uphill intervals with roller-skis, 3 times a week, in addition to their traditional training program. Measurements included VO2max, anaerobic power, and also for 2-km time-trial performance. All values were listed as pre-to post-test mean [±SD], significant level, and percentage changes [%]. Pre-to post-testing changes in VO2max, anaerobic power, and also 2-km time-trial performance were significantly higher during all post-test trials in all groups [p<0.005]. As a result, we suggest that the skiers should integrate the roller-ski aerobic high-intensity interval uphill models in their training programs for improving performance.
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Talsnes, Rune Kjøsen, Guro Strøm Solli, Jan Kocbach, Per-Øyvind Torvik und Øyvind Sandbakk. „Laboratory- and field-based performance-predictions in cross-country skiing and roller-skiing“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 8 (24.08.2021): e0256662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256662.
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The purpose of the present study was to investigate how various laboratory- and field-based tests predict on-snow cross-country (XC) skiing and roller-skiing performance. Thirty-three national-level male XC skiers (19.0±2.5 years, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max] 70.8±4.7 mL·min-1·kg-1) performed a 13.6-km roller-ski skating competition tracked by a global positioning system (GPS), which together with individual distance International Ski Federation (FIS) points was used to assess their performance level. On separate days, time in a 6.4-km uphill running time-trial (RUN-TT) and 1.3-km uphill roller-ski double-poling time-trial (DP-TT) was measured in the field and performance indices determined while running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory. The mean finishing times for the RUN-TT and the DP-TT showed moderate to large correlations with distance FIS points and performance in the roller-ski skating competition (r = 0.56–0.72; all p<0.05). RUN-TT was more strongly correlated with distance FIS points than DP-TT (r = 0.72 versus 0.56; p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in incremental running and roller-ski skating in the laboratory showed large to very large correlations with distance FIS points and roller-skiing performance (r = 0.50–0.90; all p<0.05). Performance indices and VO2max in running tended to be more strongly correlated with roller-skiing performance than corresponding values obtained while roller-ski skating (all p<0.10). The present findings suggest that both laboratory performance indices and field-based performance tests provide valid predictions of XC skiing and roller-skiing performance in a heterogeneous group of male XC skiers, with test values obtained in running tending to be more strongly correlated with XC skiing performance than those found for technique-specific modalities on roller skis. However, more sophisticated and mode-specific testing might be required for more homogenous groups of elite XC skiers.
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Fujita, Zenya, Yoshihisa Sakurai und Yusuke Ishige. „A study of the choice of sub-techniques and skis for classical-style cross-country skiing: Focusing on the double poling and herringbone sub-techniques with skating-style skis“. Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences) 61, Nr. 1 (2016): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5432/jjpehss.15072.
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Garnov, Igor O., Tatyana P. Loginova, Nina G. Varlamova, Natalya N. Potolitsyna, Alexey A. Chernykh und Evgeniy R. Bojko. „Functional state dynamics in cross-country skiers in the summer and autumn preparatory phase“. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports 25, Nr. 3 (09.01.2021): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0302.
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Background and Study Aim. To study changes in the functional state of professional Russian cross country skiers in the course of the preparatory phase and their effects on their competition ratings.
Materials and methods. In this study we examined 10 cross-country skiers. The functional state was assessed through a maximal load bicycle ergometer test, coordination and special performance tests. Concentrations of lactate and cortisol were checked in the blood plasma of participants.
Results. The training effects on general physical preparedness and special physical preparation in September in comparison with June were observed as an increased number of pull-ups on a pull-up bar (by 14%) and decreased time of the roller ski test (by 4%). In autumn higher systolic (by 11%) and diastolic (by 10%) arterial blood pressure levels, higher levels of plasma lactate and cortisol (by 48% and 64%, respectively) were detected (p<0.05). At anaerobic threshold the following increased: total performance capacity (by 13%), oxygen consumption (by 14%), watt pulse (by 5%), respiratory minute volume, oxygen utilization coefficient, and oxygen pulse (by 15%) (p<0.05-0.01) at rest before the ergometer test. In September upon completion of the ergometer test we observed an increase of oxygen pulse (by 7%), watt pulse (by 10%), and oxygen utilization coefficient (by 24%) (p<0.05). In autumn at the 5th minute of recovery after the ergometer test the heart rate recovered 11% faster, blood lactate – 29% faster, and the oxygen utilization rate increased by 15% (p<0.05-0.01). In June no statistically significant correlations were found between the studied indicators. In autumn statistically significant correlations appeared between indicators of the cardiorespiratory system, physical performance, and coordination test time.
Conclusions. The package program for the summer-autumn training period contributes to the improvement of the functional status of the cross-country skiers and to the development of physical power, endurance, increased strength of the upper limbs, increased speed of movement on roller skis, faster and more complete recovery of physiological and biochemical parameters.
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ADERIKHA, V. N., und S. S. PESETSKII. „THE SLIDING BASE OF CROSS-COUNTRY PLASTIC SKIS: THE SPECIFICS OF FRICTION CONDITIONS, THE CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (REVIEW)“. Polymer materials and technologies 5, Nr. 3 (2019): 6–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32864/polymmattech-2019-5-3-6-23.
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Ainegren, Mats, Kurt Jensen und Hans Rosdahl. „Breathing resistance in metabolic systems: Its effects on pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake in elite athletes with high aerobic power“. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, Nr. 3 (10.06.2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120919609.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on pulmonary ventilation and oxygen uptake ( [Formula: see text]O2) in athletes with a very high maximal oxygen uptake ( [Formula: see text]O2 max) and corresponding high ventilation capacity when using a modern metabolic system with relatively high resistance to breathing (HIGHRES), compared to a traditional system with low resistance to breathing (LOWRES). Four rowers and three cross-country skiers (without asthma), competing at a high international level, performed in experimental conditions with LOWRES and HIGHRES using a rowing ergometer and roller skis on a treadmill. The results showed that [Formula: see text]O2, blood lactate, heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio were not different between the LOWRES and HIGHRES test conditions during both submaximal and maximal exercise. Also, the athlete’s time to exhaustion (treadmill) and mean power (rowing ergometer) from maximal tests were no different between the two conditions. However, ventilation and expiratory O2 and CO2 concentrations were different for both submaximal and maximal exercise. Thus, the authors have concluded that the differences in resistance to breathing of metabolic systems influence elite endurance athletes [Formula: see text] E at low to very high workloads, thus affecting the expired gas fractions, but not the submaximal [Formula: see text]O2, [Formula: see text]O2 max and performance in a laboratory setting at sea level.
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Chrástková, Martina, Radka Bačáková, Daniel Špulák, Roman Čmejla und Bronislav Kračmar. „The Comparative Analysis of Free Technique Cross Country and Skating on Roller Skies“. Studia sportiva 7, Nr. 2 (02.12.2013): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2013-2-11.
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Zhileykin, M. M. „Improving the Energy Efficiency of Movement and Cross-Country Capacity of an Articulated Mobile Wheeled Robot by Controlling an Individual Electric Traction Drive“. Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, Nr. 5 (734) (Mai 2021): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-5-17-23.
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Articulated wheel-walking robots having a good combination of weight and load capacity, as well as high cross-country capacity and maneuverability are among the promising schemes of mobile robotic systems. One of the main requirements for such complexes is a high level of autonomy. In this regard, the task of improving the energy efficiency of the articulated mobile wheeled robot movement (especially in long-term transport mode) by reducing the driving wheel skid becomes urgent. An algorithm for the operation of the antiskid system of such a robot with an individual traction electric drive has been developed. It provides an increase in the energy efficiency of robot movement and cross-country capacity by reducing the skid of the driving wheels. The efficiency of the antiskid system operation algorithm has been proved by the simulation methods.
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Wiggen, Øystein N., Cecilie T. Heidelberg, Silje H. Waagaard, Hilde Færevik und Øyvind Sandbakk. „The Effects of Cold Environments on Double-Poling Performance and Economy in Male Cross-Country Skiers Wearing a Standard Racing Suit“. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 11, Nr. 6 (September 2016): 776–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0232.
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Purpose:To investigate differences in double-poling (DP) endurance performance, economy, and peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) at low (–15°C) and moderate (6°C) ambient temperatures (TA) in cross-country skiers wearing standard racing suits.Methods:Thirteen well-trained male cross-country skiers performed a standardized warm-up followed by a 5-min submaximal test (Sub1), a 20-min self-paced performance test, a 2nd 5-min submaximal test (Sub2), and an incremental test to exhaustion while DP on an ergometer at either low or moderate TA, randomized on 2 different days. Skin and rectal temperatures, as well as power output and respiratory variables, were measured continuously during all tests.Results:Skin and rectal temperatures were more reduced at low TA than moderate TA (both P < .05). There was a 5% (P < .05) lower average power output during the 20-min performance test at low TA than at moderate TA, which primarily occurred in the first 8 min of the test (P < .05). Although DP economy decreased from Sub1 to Sub2 for both TAs (both P < .01), a 3.7% (P < .01) larger decrease in DP economy from Sub1 to Sub2 emerged for the low TA. Across the sample, V̇O2peak was independent of TA.Conclusions:These results demonstrate a lower body temperature and reduced performance for cross-country skiers when DP at low than at moderate TA while wearing standard cross-country-skiing racing suits. Lower DP performance at the low TA was mainly due to lower power production during the first part of the test and coincided with reduced DP economy.
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Nichols, Thomas, Jimena Goldstine und Gary Inglese. „A multinational evaluation assessing the relationship between peristomal skin health and health utility“. British Journal of Nursing 28, Nr. 5 (14.03.2019): S14—S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.5.s14.
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Background: irritation to peristomal skin remains one of the most prevalent ostomy-related complications influencing an individual's health status and quality of life. Aims: to assess the impact of damaged peristomal skin on the health utility and quality-adjusted life days (QALD) in an international adult ostomy population. Methods: a cross-sectional survey incorporating the SF-6D preference-based health utility index was developed to assess a random selection of post-surgical patients. Findings: health utility decreased with increasing skin irritation among the three geographic groups. The total mean health utility of normal peristomal skin for the three groups dropped incrementally for mild, moderate, and severe irritation. There were no differences in health utility or QALDs between the three country groups. Conclusion: improvement of peristomal skin health is associated with improvements to QALDs. Clinicians, caregivers and patients have the responsibility to address a critical unmet need in skin health through interventions and products designed to support healthy peristomal skin.
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Virupakshappa, T., K. Sindhuri und Anant A. Takalkar. „Mucocutaneous manifestations in newborn: a study from tertiary care centre, Karnataka“. International Journal of Research in Dermatology 5, Nr. 2 (26.04.2019): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20190482.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The spectrum of dermatological manifestations in neonates varies from era to era and country to country. Skin lesions in neonatal period vary from transient self-limiting conditions to serious dermatoses, requiring specific therapies. Skin lesions are extremely common in newborns and can be a significant source of parental concern. The objective of the study was to study various mucocutaneous lesions in newborn babies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present descriptive cross sectional observational study was conducted in department of dermatology, Navodaya Medical College, Raichur. A total 500 neonates were included in the study from January 2012 to September 2013. Data collected and analysed by using SPSS 16.0 version.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Prevalence of skin lesions in this study was found to be 97.4%. Maximum skin lesions were observed in 47 subjects (9.4%). Prevalence of Epstein pearls was 58%, Mongolian spots 53.6% and erythema toxicum neonatorum was 28%. Epstein pearls (males 60.2%, female 55.7%) and Mongolian spots (males 53.9%, females 53.3%) predominated.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevalence of mucocutaneous skin lesions in newborn babies was 97.4%. High prevalence of Epstein pearls (58%), Mongolian spots (53.6%) and erythema toxicum neonatorum (28.6%) were observed.</p>
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Falcon, Kirsten, Martha Fors, Santiago Palacios Alvarez, Karla Veintimilla, Nélida Lasso und Carlos Navas. „Assessment of Predictors of Sun Sensitivity as Defined by Fitzpatrick Skin Phototype in an Ecuadorian Population and Its Correlation with Skin Damage“. Dermatology 235, Nr. 5 (2019): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000500635.
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Background: The Fitzpatrick skin phototype scale (FSPTS) is a widely used instrument to assess skin type. Methods: A cross-sectional survey collected responses from 254 subjects from Quito regarding self-reported FSPTS, gender, age, education, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if ethnicity, hair color, and eye color significantly predict FSPTS. In addition, we studied the correlation between FSPTS and the SCINEXA scale with Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Ethnicity, eye color, and hair color are significant independent predictors of FSPTS (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Patient self-reported race and pigmentary phenotypes are inaccurate predictors of sun sensitivity as defined by Fitzpatrick skin phototype. Our study does not fully represent the population of the country. There are limitations to using patient-reported race and appearance in predicting individual sunburn risk.
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Poudyal, A. K., U. Paudel, R. Khadka, S. Sharma, K. Pokhrel, A. K. Das und S. Parajuli. „Dermatoses in Himalayas: Pattern of Skin Diseases in Himalayan Region of Nepal“. Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology 14, Nr. 1 (28.09.2016): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdvl.v14i1.15834.
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Background: Skin diseases are the major cause of out-patient visit in Nepal. Department of Health Services, Nepal ranks skin diseases as fourth common cause of out-patient visit throughout the country. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of different skin diseases in Himalayan region of Nepal.Material and methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design was conducted in a health camp setting in which 148 community people visited the camp with dermatological diseases. Information about socio-demographic and dermatological diseases were collected with a structured performa.Results: The most common primary diagnosis was pigmentary anomaly (20.3%) followed by Eczemas (18.9%), Superficial mycoses (10.8%), and acne (10.1%). In all skin diseases male were more affected as compared to female.Conclusions: The dermatoses of Himalayan region are pigmentary anomalies being most common, followed by eczemas, superficial mycoses, acne, photodermatoses, scabies, urticaria, benign tumours and pyodermas.Nepal Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, Vol.14(1) 2016, pp.25-28
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Uddin, Md Rokon, Khondaker Bulbul Sarwar, Farjana Akhter und Abu Baker. „Pattern of Dermatological Cases Attending Skin-VD Outpatient Department in a Medical College Hospital of Bangladesh“. Journal of Enam Medical College 1, Nr. 2 (29.07.2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11465.
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Background: The pattern of skin diseases varies from one country to another and even from region to region of the same country. We are geographically placed in the tropical region with natural outcome of communicable diseases. We conducted this cross sectional study in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh keeping the proposition in mind that infectious diseases occupy maximum percentage among skin and venereal diseases in outpatients in Bangladesh.Objectives: To classify the diseases attending the Skin & VD outpatient department of Enam Medical College Hospital (EMCH) and to draw comments and recommendations on the basis of findings.Materials and Methods: All patients irrespective of age and sex attending the OPD of Skin-VD Department of Enam Medical College Hospital during a 2-year time-period (from January 2009 to December 2010) were included in the study. Structured questionnaire, check-list and face-to-face interview (whenever necessary) were used as tools of data collection. Statistical analyses were done by SPSS version Windows 11.1.Results: Total number of patients was 12100. Most of the patients were aged (>18 years; 64.28%), dominated by male (61.63%), married (56.1%), literate (71.11%), coming from far (>5 km; 63.5%) and of middle class origin (59.73%). Out of the total cases, maximum (23.42%) were diagnosed as eczema, followed by infectious diseases (17%), acne (8.69%) and psoriasis (6.36%).Conclusion: In this study we found infectious diseases to occupy the second position next to eczema and our findings nullify the proposition that infectious diseases occupy maximum percentage among skin and venereal diseases in outpatients in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jemc.v1i2.11465 J Enam Med Col 2011; 1(2): 67-70
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Eaton, Ben, Jonas Hedman und Rony Medaglia. „Three Different Ways to Skin a Cat: Financialization in the Emergence of National e-ID Solutions“. Journal of Information Technology 33, Nr. 1 (März 2018): 70–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41265-017-0036-8.
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The growing phenomenon of financialization influences an array of societal dimensions that go beyond the economic realm, to include public policy-making and information technology (IT). This study presents a cross-country analysis of the emergence of national electronic identification (e-ID) solutions as the result of interaction between the financial and the public sector in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Drawing on on-line sources, documents, and interviews with key actors in the three cases, we adopt a cross-disciplinary perspective by applying the lens of collective action theory to identify the role of interests, resources, and governance in the emergence of national e-ID solutions. Findings show that different governance solutions can emerge as the result of the convergence of interests and of interdependency of resources between the actors over time. We contribute to research on financialization and IT by proposing a dialectic process model and identifying five mechanisms that drive the process forward.
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Chinmay Biswas und Shila Rani Das. „Pattern of skin diseases in patients attending OPD of selected upazilla health complex, Bangladesh“. Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal 2, Number 2 (01.07.2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0202.01.
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Skin diseases differ in different countries, and within various regions of a country depending on social, economic, racial and environmental factors. Many patients have reported various patterns of skin diseases in different countries. It was a descriptive type of cross sectional study conducted at outpatient department (OPD) of Dhamrai upazilla health complex to know the pattern of skin diseases during the period of June 2018 to December 2018. Total 2000 patients at any age and sex who attended in the OPD of the hospital with different types of skin disorders/diseases were selected as study population. Among the patients 27.05% were less than 10 years of age and 56.04% were female, 45.05% patients were illiterate, 57.03% had monthly family oncome more than Tk 15000 and 40.89% were housewife, 20.01% were students. The diagnosis was made on clinical basis as an expert dermatologist. Lab. investigations were restricted to the cases where they carried diagnostic importance. Majority (57%) were suffering from some infectious among them 33.02% had parasitic infection, 28.3% suffering from fungal infection, 20.1% bacterial infection and 43% from some non-infectious skin diseases among them 37.79% had eczema, 17.87% had papulosquamous disease, 14.25% had acne, 14.01% had urticaria, 8.7% had vitiligo. Infectious skin diseases were the most common skin disease seen in our study, followed by dermatological infections. The emerging challenges for dermatologists are to prevent and reduce these skin diseases.
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Ahmed, N., MZ Islam und S. Farjana. „Pattern of Skin Diseases: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh“. Bangladesh Medical Journal 41, Nr. 1 (04.05.2014): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18784.
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Disease pattern in a given population is generally determined by different ecological factors. Thus the objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the pattern of skin diseases in a selected rural community of Dhamrai Upazila under Dhaka district. Out of 2645 patients attending a medical camp showed 410(15.5%) patients with dermatological problems. Among all, 260(63.4%) patients were males and 150(36.6%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Of these patients, 178(43.4%) had cutaneous infections and 234(56.6%) had non-infectious dermatoses. Few patients (2.7%) had more than one dermatoses. Fungal infection was the commonest infection seen (22.9%) and eczemas took an upper hand in non-infectious group (32.2%). Improvement in the standard of living, health education, improvement in the environmental sanitation and good nutritious food may help the people to bring down the skin disease in the rural part of country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v41i1.18784 Bangladesh Medical Journal 2012 Vol. 41 No. 1; 50-52
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Amadi, Ekechi S., Maureen C. Maduagwu und Dabota Long-John. „An overview of skin disorders in under-fives over a ten-year period in a tertiary institution in South: South, Nigeria“. International Journal of Research in Dermatology 7, Nr. 3 (27.04.2021): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20211696.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Skin disorders can be a significant cause of distress to both children and their care-givers. The scope of prevalent skin disorders differ from one country to the other. Therefore an insight into the occurrence, patterns and distribution of skin disorders in a target group will be beneficial to inform care and provide support that is relevant to that target population. The aim of this study is to determine the skin problems prevalent amongst children that are five years and below managed at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Alakahia, Nigeria.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cross sectional study of children five years and below that visited the dermatology outpatient clinic at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Alakahia between the period of January 2006 and December 2015.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was equal ratio of male to female patients with slight female preponderance. The eleven most common lesions were papular urticaria, atopic dermatitis, scabies, warts, vitiligo, molluscum contagiosum, tinea corporis, impetigo, seborrhoeic dermatitis, pityriasis rosea and tinea capitis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Skin disorders are common among children under five years. Allergic skin disorders, bacterial, viral and fungal skin infections, skin infestation (scabies) and pigmentary disorders (vitiligo) are major skin manifestations in this study.</p>
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Abolyan, Liubov V., Laura N. Haiek, Irina M. Pastbina und Ragnhild Maastrup. „Compliance With the “Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative for Neonatal Wards” in Russian Hospitals“. Journal of Human Lactation 37, Nr. 3 (06.04.2021): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08903344211002754.
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Background The expansion of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative to neonatal wards, known as the Neo-BFHI, provides recommendations to support breastfeeding, as outlined in the Three Guiding Principles, the expanded Ten Steps, and the International Code for Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes. In 2017, Russia participated in an international survey about compliance with the Neo-BFHI. Research Aim To assess breastfeeding support policies and practices in Russian neonatal wards at the country and federal district level in accordance with the Neo-BFHI recommendations. Methods This study was a prospective cross-sectional survey. We used the Neo-BFHI Self-Assessment questionnaire to collect data from neonatal wards that had all levels of care. A total of N = 60 Russian neonatal wards in hospitals that have ever been designated Baby-Friendly or planned to do so participated in the survey. Results Compliance scores at the federal district and country level ranging from 0–100 were used to summarize results. The median country overall score was 90 ( IQR = 83 – 93). Respect for mothers, continuity of care, having a breastfeeding policy, and rooming-in had the highest median scores. Family-centered care, antenatal informing, skin-to-skin contact, and human milk use had the lowest median scores. Neonatal wards in the hospitals that were ever designated as Baby-Friendly had significantly higher scores than those that were never designated. Most respondents ( n = 48, 80%) expressed a desire to obtain Neo-BFHI designation in their neonatal wards. Conclusion Neo-BFHI recommendations can be successfully implemented in Russian neonatal wards at hospitals designated Baby-Friendly or planning to be designated.
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Rasinkin, S. M., Viktoriya V. Petrova, M. M. Bogomolova, E. P. Gorbaneva, A. G. Kamchatnikov und D. A. Sapov. „INVESTIGATION OF THE THERMAL STATE OF ATHLETES IN NATURAL HOT CLIMATE“. Hygiene and sanitation 96, Nr. 9 (27.03.2019): 896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-896-899.
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The article presents results of a study of the thermal stability in athletes during specific activities in hot climate. This happened on a training camp at the sports center, located in the district Sredneakhtubinsky of the Volgograd region with the registration of climate indices. The study was conducted in July at an effective temperature +44,6° - +45,4°C. The study involved 6 athletes, representatives of athletics, sports category on the following candidate for master of sports. During the endurance, training (cross) in athletes showed a significant increase in the rectal temperature (RT), average skin temperature (AST), average body temperature (ABT) against the background of the gain in the heart rate. During the training as "repeated cuts", the increase in indices of the thermal state in athletes also persisted, but their values were significantly lower than on the cross. The comparison of the dynamics of indices of the thermal state with the level of sports skills of each athlete showed the following features: the smallest gain in the rectal temperature, average skin temperature and average body temperature observed in cross-country race was observed in sportsman, whose level of training coach the evaluated as a minimal in the group. The highest gain in indices of the thermal state at the cross happened in the athlete with an average fitness level. Optimal gain in such indices as RT, AST and ABT was observed in the most prepared athlete. There was revealed a high level of adaptationness of athletes to the exposure to high temperatures. This is confirmed by the data of the evaluation of dynamics of subjective evaluation of warmth sense modality in athletes during the study period.
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Qader, Ghulam Qader, Mohammad Khaled Seddiq, Khakerah Mohammad Rashidi, Lutfullah Manzoor, Azizullah Hamim, Mir Habibullah Akhgar, Laiqullrahman Rahman et al. „Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among health workers in Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study“. PLOS ONE 16, Nr. 6 (01.06.2021): e0252307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252307.
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Background About 26% of the world’s population may have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Health care workers are a high-risk category because of their professional exposure. Methods This cross-sectional study assessed the LTBI burden among health care workers in Afghanistan, a high-TB-burden country. We selected health facilities using a systematic sampling technique and invited all workers at the targeted health facilities to participate. Participants were interviewed about sociodemographic and exposure variables and received tuberculin skin tests for LTBI. Results Of the 4,648 health care workers invited to participate, 3,686 had tuberculin skin tests. The prevalence of LTBI was found to be 47.2% (1,738 workers). Multivariate analysis showed that a body mass index of ≥ 30 and marriage were associated with an increased risk of LTBI. Underweight (body mass index of ≤ 18 and below) and normal body mass index had no association with increased risk of LTBI. Conclusion LTBI is high among health care workers in Afghanistan. We recommend instituting infection control measures in health facilities and screening workers for timely TB diagnosis.
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M Al-Shagahin, Hani, Ibrahim F Kharboush, Enas Al-Zayadneh, Abdelrahman Alharazneh, Eman Albataineh und Ala Alqatamin. „Skin Prick Test Reactivity to Common Aeroallergens among Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Jordan“. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal 12, Nr. 3 (20.08.2019): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1734.
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The distribution and pattern of aeroallergens are significantly different between different countries and even in the different parts of the same country. The present study aims to evaluate the most common aeroallergens among allergic rhinitis patients in the city of Al-Karak, Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mutah University, from March 2016-April 2018. Patients with a clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis were enrolled and Skin Prick Test (SPT) was performed using 11 common aeroallergens including, grass, weed, tree, mite, and mould in 140 patients. The results showed that the overall rate of sensitization to any allergen was 85.7%. It was shown that 69.3% of patients were poly-sensitized; while, 16.4% were sensitized to only one allergen. The majority of the common allergens were Olive tree pollen (51.4%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (37.9%), respectively. Mould (Alternaria) was the least prevalent allergen (17.1%). The present study has shown the importance of Olive tree pollen which, is widely cultivated in Al-Karak, Jordan. The diagnosis of pollen allergen can be simplified by using a combination of a few common allergens.
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Mandić, Bojana, Stefan Mandić-Rajčević, Ljiljana Marković-Denić und Petar Bulat. „Occupational exposure to blood and bodily fluids among healthcare workers in Serbian general hospitals“. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3047.
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Abstract The risk of occupational bloodborne infections (HBV, HCV, and HIV) among healthcare workers remains a serious issue in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate occupational exposure to bloodborne infections among general hospital workers in Serbia. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the spring of 2013 and included 5,247 healthcare workers from 17 general hospitals. The questionnaire was anonymous, self-completed, and included sociodemographic information with details of blood and bodily fluid exposure over the career and in the previous year (2012). Significant predictors of sharps injuries were determined with multiple logistic regressions. The distribution of accidents in 2012 was equal between the genders (39 %), but in entire career it was more prevalent in women (67 %). The most vulnerable group were nurses. Most medical doctors, nurses, and laboratory technicians reported stabs or skin contact with patients’ blood/other bodily fluid/tissue as their last accident. Healthcare workers from the north/west part of the country reported a significantly lower number of accidents over the entire career than the rest of the country (p<0.001). The south of Serbia stood out as the most accident-prone in 2012 (p=0.042).
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Pokora, Ilona, Ewa Sadowska-Krępa, Łukasz Wolowski, Piotr Wyderka, Anna Michnik und Zofia Drzazga. „The Effect of Medium-Term Sauna-Based Heat Acclimation (MPHA) on Thermophysiological and Plasma Volume Responses to Exercise Performed under Temperate Conditions in Elite Cross-Country Skiers“. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, Nr. 13 (27.06.2021): 6906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136906.
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The influence of a series of ten sauna baths (MPHA) on thermophysiological and selected hematological responses in 14 elite cross-country skiers to a submaximal endurance exercise test performed under thermoneutral environmental conditions was studied. Thermal and physiological variables were measured before and after the exercise test, whereas selected hematological indices were studied before, immediately after, and during recovery after a run, before (T1) and after sauna baths (T2). MPHA did not influence the baseline internal, body, and skin temperatures. There was a decrease in the resting heart rate (HR: p = 0.001) and physiological strain (PSI: p = 0.052) after MPHA and a significant effect of MPHA on systolic blood pressure (p = 0.03), hematological indices, and an exercise effect but no combined effect of treatments and exercise on the tested variables. A positive correlation was reported between PSI and total protein (%ΔTP) in T2 and a negative between plasma volume (%ΔPV) and mean red cellular volume (%ΔMCV) in T1 and T2 in response to exercise and a positive one during recovery. This may suggest that MPHA has a weak influence on body temperatures but causes a moderate decrease in PSI and modifications of plasma volume restoration in response to exercise under temperate conditions in elite athletes.
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Uddin, Abu Noman Mohammed Mosleh, und Mehedi Hasan Jewel. „Determination of Risk Behaviour and Health Problems among Rural Adolescents“. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College, Bangladesh 12, Nr. 2 (01.12.2016): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v12i2.41104.
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Introduction: Adolescents are a large and growing segment of the global as well as the own population of a country. To invest in their health and development is actually investing in the greater wellbeing of the country as they constitute the nation’s core resource for renewal and growth.
Objective: To identify the risk behaviour, magnitude, sociodemographic, cultural and economic condition along with common health problems, knowledge about health, hygiene and treatment seeking behaviour among rural adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted in Baliati village, Saturia upazilla of Manikganj district and Mohashashi village, Dhamrai upazilla of Dhaka district for a period of three months starting from November 2015 to January 2016. Targeted population was 10 to 19 years of both sexes residing in the study place. The sample size was of 510 adolescents. Non-probability purposive type of sampling was followed for this study. Data was collected on a structured interview schedule containing close ended questions keeping in view the selected variables of the study.
Results: In the study, among 510 respondents 35.3% in the 10-12 years age group and majority respondents were males (66.20%). 12.74% were involved in life threatening activities. In most cases they cross busy traffic (20.9%) and quarrel mostly with any issue (23.2%). Only 1.17% adolescents were addicted. Among addicted respondents 66% took Cannabis/ Marijuana. Cause of taking drugs among addicted respondents was by imitating others (83%). Skin disease was observed in 18.6 % respondents. 95.9% adolescents take treatment when they become ill and most of them (53.5%) go to doctors for allopathic treatment.
Conclusion: The magnitude of risk behaviours and health problems is a signal to the society, non-government, government and other international organizations that needs timely and appropriate intervention programs.
Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.12(2) 2016: 102-106
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Moreno, Marcelo, Ricardo Ludwig Schmitt, Maria Gabriela Lang und Vanessa Gheno. „Epidemiological Profile of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma in a Region of Southern Brazil“. Journal of Skin Cancer 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/917346.
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Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is responsible for 75% of deaths from malignant skin cancer. The incidence of CM in the southern region of Brazil, particularly in the western region of Santa Catarina, is possibly higher than estimated. In this study, the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients with CM treated in the western region of Santa Catarina was examined. A cross-sectional study was performed with patients diagnosed with CM from January 2002 to December 2009, from 78 counties of the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. Data were collected using a protocol adapted from the Brazilian Melanoma Group and 503 patients were evaluated. The incidence and prevalence of CM found in this region are much higher than those found elsewhere in the country. This fact is most likely due to the phenotypic characteristics of the population and the high incidence of UV radiation in this region due to its location in southern Brazil, as is the case in the countries of Oceania.
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Alam, Md Rezaul, Md Nurul Amin, MH Ansari und Md Abdur Rahim. „Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Diabetic Patients about Skin Care“. Ibrahim Cardiac Medical Journal 2, Nr. 2 (11.11.2012): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icmj.v2i2.52854.
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Background: Diabetes is now a public health problem in our country and it is steadily increasing. Skin manifestation is frequently common in diabetics. Care of skin is a part of management, where patient's role is no less than a physician, The patients' role includes perception and practice of the patients about their skin manifestation. This cross-sectional study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients (respondents) about their skin care.
Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Dermatology, National Healthcare Network, Dhaka over a period of 6 months from April to September 2009. A total of 90 diabetic patients with or without skin diseases included in the study. The level of knowledge and practice was measured on a 0-4 Likert Scale.
Results: Respondents were predominantly male (60%) with mean age being 49±11.1 years. Majority (95%) of the respondents were Muslim (95%), educated (87.7%) and middle class (83.3%). Primary and secondary level educated comprised 50% of the respondents. Over 25% was graduate and higher level educated and the rest (13.3%) illiterate. About 88% of the respondents held the view that diabetic patients were more susceptible to develop skin diseases and over 75% were aware about skin manifestations in diabetics. Although majority (98.1%) had a good knowledge about what to do in case if skin manifestation arises, less than half (45%) had knowledge about how to take care of their skin (unaware about practice). Only 36% of the respondents told that changes in skin colour should often be checked as evidence of skin manifestation (good knowledge), 31.1% told sometimes to be checked (fair knowledge) and 33.3% told never to be checked (poor knowledge). Majority of the respondents categorized pruritis (85.6%), erythema (81.1%) and impetigo (80%) as skin diseases. Pigment disorder, epidermal differentiation disorder, papules and blisters were identified by around two-thirds of the diabetics. Changes in skin pigmentation, cuts and blisters were often checked by 30% of the diabetics. Changes in red spots, swelling and sensation were often checked by 10% of the respondents. Nearly three-quarters (22%) of the respondents' knowledge about skin care was highly satisfactory in terms of Likert scale, followed by 44.4% satisfactory, 17.8% more or less satisfactory, 10% grossly dissatisfactory and 5.6% poor.
Conclusion: The study concluded that diabetic patients are aware of their skin manifestation and its different forms. They also possess good knowledge about how to take care of those manifestations. But they are usually reluctant to bring it into practice.
Ibrahim Cardiac Med J 2012; 2(2): 31-36
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Douglass, Janet, Hayley E. Mableson, Sarah Martindale und Louise A. Kelly-Hope. „An Enhanced Self-Care Protocol for People Affected by Moderate to Severe Lymphedema“. Methods and Protocols 2, Nr. 3 (04.09.2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps2030077.
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Lymphedema is a chronic skin disease that has many causes and leads to significant disfigurement and disability worldwide. Recommendations for lymphedema self-care vary by setting and the World Health Organization guidelines for people affected by lymphatic filariasis- and podoconiosis-related lymphedema are centered around a basic daily hygiene regimen. Research on cancer-related lymphedema in developed country settings suggests that deep-breathing exercises and self-massage can improve lymphedema status, but these exercises are not routinely taught to people affected by lymphedema in developing country settings. To determine if the activities proven in cancer-related lymphedema can improve outcomes for people affected by lymphatic filariasis- or podoconiosis-related lymphedema, an enhanced self-care protocol for lower limb lymphedema was developed and trialed in Nilphamari District in Bangladesh and Simada Woreda in Ethiopia. Enhanced self-care activities were chosen on the basis that they would not add financial burden to patients or their families and included recommendations to perform deep-breathing exercises and self-massage, drink clean water, and eat fresh fruits and vegetables. The enhanced-care protocol was developed in collaboration with implementing partners in both countries and may be applicable in other populations affected by lower-limb lymphedema. Trial methods and results will be submitted for peer reviewed publication. Current recommendations for lymphedema self-care may be less effective for people with more advanced disease and new or cross-cutting methods are needed to improve outcomes for these populations.
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Hemingson, Howard B., Beth E. Davis und Donald W. Cockcroft. „Seasonal Fluctuations in Airway Responsiveness in Elite Endurance Athletes“. Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, Nr. 6 (2004): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/601014.
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BACKGROUND:It has been suggested that exposure to winter training conditions (irritants in indoor facilities and/or cold, dry air in the outdoors) can increase airway responsiveness in elite endurance athletes.OBJECTIVES:It has yet to be elucidated whether elite endurance athletes experience seasonal fluctuations in their airway responsiveness.METHODS:Eighteen members of a varsity cross-country running team underwent screening procedures and five members were enrolled in the study. Each athlete completed a respiratory and training questionnaire, and underwent allergy skin prick testing. Airway responsiveness was evaluated using a methacholine challenge on four occasions.RESULTS:The participants demonstrated a significant (more than twofold) increase in airway responsiveness (P=0.0496) during the first winter evaluation compared with the autumn baseline. The second winter evaluation still showed an increase but it was not statistically significant. Airway responsiveness had returned to baseline (autumn) values at spring testing.CONCLUSION:Elite endurance athletes experience seasonal fluctuations in airway responsiveness. The specific stimuli that cause this are unknown, but it is speculated to be due to exposure to cold, dry air and/or inhaled irritants that may be present in indoor training facilities.
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Shrestha, S. P., P. Bajracharya, A. Rayamajhi und S. P. Shrestha. „Study on Status of Fish Diseases in Nepal“. Nepalese Veterinary Journal 36 (01.12.2019): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27750.
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Fisheries play an important role in increasing the Nepalese economy as well as sustaining livelihood of some ethnic groups of our country. With the increased demand of fish, pisciculture have also increased to a great extend. Due to the rise in fish culture, there has been also rise in fish diseases. The study aims to investigate different parasitic, bacterial, fungal diseases in fish and to suggest treatment to control the diseases in four different fish farm of Nepal. A cross- sectional qualitative method was used to collect data from four selected fish farm (Kakani, Trishuli, Begnas, Mirmi) of Nepal. Infected fishes were transferred to the lab in oxygen filled plastic bags and further tested for bacterial, fungal and parasitic infection. The result of the study indicates that Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome was the most common bacterial-fungal disease that had a significant impact on common carp fish especially in Trishuli, Begnas and Mirmi. Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria spp was found to be a growing problem in rainbow trout farming (Kakani, Nuwakot) infecting intestine, liver, gut and skin causing yellow diarrhea and skin lesions. Trichodina was observed number one problematic parasitic in carp culture not only in government farm like Begnas and Mirmi, but also in commercial farms in most of the fishery areas of the country. Fin rot were more commonly reported during winter months affecting common carp, Silver carp, Bighead carp, Fingerling Fish causing fin erosion in them. Ascites in brood fishes (Trishuli) was noticed which may be due to bacterial infection and due to nutritional deficiency. Besides this, white spot in the gills (a protozoan parasitic disease) was perceived and to control it Neodox with Formalin (150ppm) was used and was found to be very effective. This study also identified some fish health management related problems in fish farms of Nepal such as lack of assistance, poor technical knowledge, and lack of suitable diagnostic laboratory and their proper use.
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Joshi, B. K., A. Singh und R. S. Gandhi. „Performance evaluation, conservation and improvement of Sahiwal cattle in India“. Animal Genetic Resources Information 31 (April 2001): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900001474.
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SummaryThe Sahiwal cattle, one of the best dairy breeds of Zebu cattle in India and Pakistan, originate from the Montgomery district of Pakistan and is distributed on farmer herds in certain pockets of the bordering districts of Punjab and Rajsthan in India. The animals of this breed are also available in Kenya and are used for crossing with local East African Zebu types to improve milk production. Sahiwal cattle have deep body, loose skin, short legs, stumpy horns and a broad head with pale red to dark brown body colour. The average body weight in adult females and males is around 350 and 500 kg, respectively. The animals of this breed are maintained on various State and Central Government farms, privately owned farms, charitable trusts and a small proportion of animals are also available with the farmers. More than 1 200 breedable females are available at various farms in the country. The average lactation milk yield of Sahiwal cattle on organized farms ranges between 1 500 to 2 500 kg. However, in well-managed herds, the highest lactation milk production in certain cows is more than 4 500 kg. The overall weighted average milk yield, age at first calving, lactation length and calving interval based on the performance at various herds is around 1 900 kg, 36 months, 315 days and 420 days, respectively. The fat and Solid Non Fat (SNF) percent ranges from 4.6 to 5.2 percent and 8.9 to 9.3 percent, respectively. Quite a large proportion of pure-bred Sahiwal cattle maintained on organized breeding farms has been used for the production of cross-bred cattle. As a result, different cross-bred strains of dairy cattle viz Karan Swiss, Karan Fries and Frieswal have evolved at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal and Military Dairy Farms. The breed has also been utilized for the production of synthetic strains like Jamaica Hope (JH), Australian Milking Zebu (AMZ) and Australian Friesian Sahiwal (AFS) in other countries. Currently, efforts are being made to characterize, evaluate and conserve the breed in field conditions. More than 0.10 million doses of frozen semen of this breed are cryopreserved at various semen banks in the country. The frozen semen is being utilized for strengthening and genetically improving the existing herds of the breed through progeny testing programmes of sires associating various herds of Sahiwal in the country.
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Juhász, Alexandra, Ádám Dán, Béla Dénes, István Kucsera, József Danka und Gábor Majoros. „Egy ritka zoonosis: a Schistosoma turkestanicum vérmétely által okozott cercaria dermatitis Magyarországon“. Orvosi Hetilap 157, Nr. 40 (Oktober 2016): 1579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30515.
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Several trematodes that parasitize vertebrate animals utilize swimming aquatic larvae to infect the host percutaneously. The most important ones among these parasites are the blood-flukes of birds and mammals comprising species that are also zoonotic. Within this latter group are species that cause the bilharziasis or schistosomiasis of inhabitants of the tropical countries, and other trematode species that are able to penetrate human skin, but do not develop to an adult form of the worm in the body. In temperate climates this latter type of infection occurs mainly in the form of an unpleasant inflammation of the skin and is often called “swimmer’s itch”. In most of these cases, the origin of the larvae remains unexplored, the source of the infection is neglected by the medical or veterinarian practitioners. Herein we report for the first time in Hungary that the cause of such dermatitis was the cercariae of Schistosoma turkestanicum, which infected red deer (Cervus elaphus) in this country. The local name of this pristine disease is “water mange” and it occurs only in one of the floodplains of the Danube. On the basis of informal communication this symptom seems to be rather regular among people who do fishing or have a bath in the habitat of the blood-fluke. In the case of adequate anamnesis it is worth examining the origin of the cercarial dermatitis which may give cross-reactions with human schistosomiasis during serological tests. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(40), 1579–1586.
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Boing, Antonio Fernando, João Luiz Bastos, Karen Glazer Peres, José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes und Marco Aurélio Peres. „Social determinants of health and dental caries in Brazil: a systematic review of the literature between 1999 and 2010“. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, suppl 2 (2014): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400060009.
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OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil that investigated the distribution of dental caries according to socioeconomic status and demographic characteristics. METHODS: The systematic review included articles published between 1999 and 2010 available in six bibliographic sources, without any other restriction. We analyzed the bibliometric and methodological characteristics of the studies, and the direction and statistical significance of associations tested. RESULTS: Of the 1,128 references identified, 67 were incorporated into this study. There was a higher percentage of publications in the last two years and most of the studies were conducted in the South and Southeast of the country with a young population. The cross-sectional design, using a complex sampling procedure, was the most commonly adopted. The DMFT and dmft indexes were the most commonly used to measure dental caries, while sex/gender, income, education, race/skin color and type of school were the most common socioeconomic exposures. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies identified a high rates of dental caries among the poorest, least educated, black and brown and female individuals. A more detailed methodological and theoretically sound study of the relationship between dental caries and socioeconomic conditions is needed.