Thematische Bibliographien / Cross Committee

Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cross Committee“

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Veröffentlicht am 26. Juli 2024

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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Uddin Bhuiyan, Md Borhan, und Ahsan Habib. „Determinants of nomination committee: New Zealand evidence“. Corporate Board role duties and composition 7, Nr. 2 (2011): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv7i2c1art5.

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A sizable volume of corporate governance literature documents that an independent and competent board of directors matter for organizational success. In order to function effectively, board comprises of different sub-committees and the three most common sub-committees are audit committees, compensation committees and nomination committees. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research in understanding the determinants of nomination committee notwithstanding the importance of an independent nomination committee in board selection process. We contribute to the nomination committee literature by investigating the factors associated with the determination of nomination committees in New Zealand. We find that cross-sectional variation in the firm-specific characteristics affect the existence of nomination committees. This finding casts doubt on the „one-size-fits all‟ approach of corporate governance. Our logistic regression of the nomination committee determinants indicates that firm size, governance regulation and busy directors are positively associated with the existence of nomination committees, whereas firm leverage, controlling shareholders, and director independence are negatively related to the formation of nomination committees.
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Ganesan, Subhashini, Sujatha Rajaragupathy, Kavitha Subramanian und Jayagowri Karthikeyan. „Attitude of researchers towards ethics committee at a medical research institute in Coimbatore: a cross sectional study“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, Nr. 2 (28.01.2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200437.

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Background: The role of ethics committees has been well defined, but many researchers regard ethical review as a road block to research.Methods: To assess the attitude of the researchers towards the ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted among 80 researchers, which includes both faculty and undergraduate students at a medical research institute.Results: Our study shows that though most of the researchers agreed that ethics committee is mandatory, they felt that ethics committee review delays research projects, undermined the role of non-medical members in the committee, felt annoyed about the documentation and answering the full board queries and presentations.Conclusions: Study concludes that though the researchers have understood the critical role of ethics committee, they lack a positive attitude when it comes to the ethics committee functioning. Therefore, training should be conducted for researchers, which addresses these issues, so that the misunderstandings and conflicts are minimized.
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Jones, Bryan D., Frank R. Baumgartner und Jeffery C. Talbert. „The Destruction of Issue Monopolies in Congress“. American Political Science Review 87, Nr. 3 (September 1993): 657–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2938742.

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Scholars studying congressional committees have noted the potential for members to seek membership on particular committees, leading to bias. Underpinning this line of scholarship is what might be termed a theory of comparative committee statics, characterized by a cross-sectional empirical approach. We present a new approach that focuses on the dynamics of jurisdictional control. By following a series of issues through the committee hearing process, we show that there is indeed significant issue bias in particular committee venues. However, we also find that new committees often claim jurisdiction over issues as they are redefined in the political process. The degree of jurisdictional monopoly enjoyed by different committees has been overlooked in the literature on this topic in spite of its importance in determining the nature of representation of interests in Congress.
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Yusof, Mohd Atef Md. „Does Audit Committee Constraint Discretionary Accruals in MESDAQ Listed Companies?“ Asian Accounting and Auditing Advancement 3, Nr. 1 (31.12.2012): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/4ajournal.v3i1.18.

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The role and responsibility of the audit committee toward credible financial reporting are still much the same, but the issue of selecting appropriate people with the right mind is often challenged. The usual tripartite, namely independence, diligence, and knowledge of the audit committee is further refined in the recently revised Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance 2007. The study examines the determinants of discretionary accruals in MESDAQ companies. The central issues are the key aspects of the audit committee, namely independence, expertise, and diligence including the issue of former senior auditors and audit alumni on the audit committee and its effect on discretionary accruals. Based on OLS regression on cross-sectional data of 2007, the results suggest that audit committees with a higher proportion of financial expertise (former senior auditor or former CFO) and more diligent audit committees are significant for the said purpose. As such, it is argued that an audit committee with a higher proportion of financial experts would lead to credible financial reporting. However, audit committees with the former senior auditor and audit alumni are associated with larger discretionary accruals. In addition, the total independent audit committee is positively associated with larger discretionary accruals which lead to possible limited access to pertinent financial information compared to the audit committee with an insider.
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Panda, Nihar Ranjan, Pusparaj Samantasinghar, Sanat Kumar Bhuyan und Ruchi Bhuyan. „Perceptions, Understandings, and Practices in Clinical Research Ethics among Medical Postgraduates in India: A Cross-Sectional Study“. Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 ) 5, Nr. 1S (20.11.2023): S147–150. http://dx.doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v5i1s.303.

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Background: Research methodology is now part of the MBBS curriculum, which is a substantial adjustment to MCI standards. Objective: To assess the student's comprehension of the subject, level of interest and how it is used in clinical studies. Methods: We created a standard set of 25 questionnaires to assess postgraduate and PhD students' attitudes, awareness, and knowledge about research ethics and committees. Statistical analysis was used to compare the mean knowledge scores of several groups (age, gender, education, past research experience, etc.). Results: Students had a good attitude and understanding of research ethics and research ethics committees. We observed that past research experience and training are critical in predicting knowledge ratings. The study findings indicated a significant difference in the mean knowledge score depending on past research experience. Similarly, we observed that prior research ethics training had a significant impact on mean scores. Conclusions: A functioning research ethics committee should be present in every hospital. Students should be informed of the role and responsibilities of the ethics committee. Students must be informed of research ethics before undertaking any human subjects research. To broaden student comprehension, the ethics committee must offer seminars, workshops, and conferences on a regular basis.
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Meurant, Jacques. „The 125th anniversary of the International Review of the Red Cross — A Faithful Record — II. Victories of the Law“. International Review of the Red Cross 35, Nr. 306 (Juni 1995): 282–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002086040008390x.

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The first issue of the Bulletin international des Sociétés de secours aux militaires blessés (October 1969) contains an appeal by the International Committee for ratification of the Articles of 1868 additional to the 1864 Geneva Convention. It is addressed to the Central Committees of the Relief Societies, with the request that they approach their respective governments on the matter. By the same token, the Committee proposed as recommended reading the work by Gustave Moynier, Etude sur la Convention de Genève, which was described as a guide for use by army officers and doctors to give them a better understanding of the provisions of the 1864 Convention, “to refute the objections of its detractors and, by demonstrating that this instrument represents a victory for civilization, to turn them into zealous supporters”. In the second issue of the Bulletin (January 1870), the Committee asked the Central Committees to what extent States had promulgated penal or other legislation and military ordinances or regulations relating to the stipulations of the Geneva Convention or action by relief societies.
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YOUNG, GARRY, und VALERIE HEITSHUSEN. „Party and the Dynamics of Congressional Committee Composition in the US House, 1947–96“. British Journal of Political Science 33, Nr. 4 (17.09.2003): 659–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123403000309.

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Renewed scholarly interest in the role of US congressional parties has recently coincided with a continuing interest in legislative committee influence and the extent to which that influence relies on committee preference composition. We argue that majority party incentives to influence composition vary by committee salience and party margins. In turn, the party’s ability to influence composition of salient committees is constrained, but varies by party resource levels. We present data on committee composition for the 80th to 104th US Houses and test these expectations using time-series cross-section analysis. The evidence provides support for the predictions – which have been hypothesized or tested anecdotally but have not heretofore been systematically tested – explaining both spatial and temporal variation.
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Sihombing, Yolanda Anastasia, Nur Syamsi Norma Lala und Muh Ihsan Kamaruddin. „The Role of the Nursing Committee on the Quality of Nursing Services“. Jurnal Edukasi Ilmiah Kesehatan 1, Nr. 2 (10.08.2023): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.61099/junedik.v1i2.14.

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The Nursing Committee plays an important role in improving the quality of nursing services. The committee's role includes the development and review of nursing policies and procedures, monitoring and evaluation of nursing practice, training, and professional development, collaboration between nurses and health teams, and advocacy for nurses and patients. This study aims to determine the role of the nursing committee in the quality of nursing services. Quantitative research design with cross-sectional analytical descriptive approach. The results show a p-value; of 0.043 which states the influence of the role of the nursing committee on the quality of nursing services. It can be concluded that researchers reveal a relationship between the role of the nursing committee and the quality of nursing services. The role of an effective Nursing Committee can contribute positively to improving the quality of nursing services.
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Makhnycheva, Yu, und Е. Gordienko. „International Red Cross and Red Crescent“. Vrač skoroj pomoŝi (Emergency Doctor), Nr. 1 (01.01.2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-02-2001-05.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is an international independent organization, staff of which provides humanitarian aid to affected and needy people. The ICRC works in armed conflict zones, in areas of natural disasters, natural and technogenic accidents. In peacetime, the organization’s employees fight against physical violence, provide assistance with water supply and improving housing conditions, visit prisoners, monitor the conditions of detention and respect for their rights in addition to large-scale rescue operations. The ICRC's work includes family reunification, humanitarian diplomacy, health care, mine action, economic security and much more. The movement includes the International Committee of the Red Cross, National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. The management of the ICRC is represented by the Assembly, the Assembly Council, the Directorate. Peter Maurer, President of the ICRC, heads the Assembly Council and the Assembly of the International Committee of the Red Cross.
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Soares, Vinícius Sabedot. „Analysis of the Internal Bed Regulation Committees from hospitals of a Southern Brazilian city“. Einstein (São Paulo) 15, Nr. 3 (September 2017): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082017gs3878.

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ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the composition of the Internal Regulation Committees created in hospitals of a capital city. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study assessing the structure, processes and results of each Committee. Results The main reasons for implementing the committees were legal issues and overcrowding in the emergency department. The most monitored indicators were the occupancy rate and the mean length of stay, and the most observed results were reductions in the latter. Institutional protocols were developed in 70% of cases, and the degree of support that the Internal Regulation Committee received from the hospital managers was high, despite being only average the support received from the medical teams. Promoting the efficient use of beds seemed to be the main goal. To achieve it, the Internal Regulation Committee had to control hospital capacity at levels that allowed proper and safe bed turnover for patients. The strategies for this were varied and needed to integrate administrative and care issues. Conclusion The Internal Regulation Committees were a management tool with great potential and promising results in the experiences evaluated.
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Dissertationen zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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Crossland, James. „The British government and the International Committee of the Red Cross relations, 1939-1945“. Thesis, Crossland, James (2010) The British government and the International Committee of the Red Cross relations, 1939-1945. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5123/.

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Since its inception in 1863 the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has pursued its mandate to bring succour to victims of war by strict adherence to its core principles of neutrality and impartiality when dealing with belligerents. The problems of carrying out this mandate during the Second World War were manifold. This was owing not only to the brutal nature of the conflict, but the numerous restrictions under which the Committee was permitted to operate. Although much has been written of the restrictions placed upon the ICRC by the German and Swiss governments and indeed, the Committee's own principles and statutes, the role of the British in determining the success or failure of the ICRC's mission has been mostly ignored by historians. This thesis addresses this problem by analysing the often difficult diplomatic relations between the ICRC and the British government during the Second World War. Through examining these relations this thesis provides new insights into several key wartime events concerned with International Humanitarian Law, neutrality, prisoner of war history, espionage studies and the history of the British blockade in Greece and France. A new perspective will also be offered herein, on the ICRC's controversial and much maligned vice-president Carl J. Burckhardt, who was both the bane of British-ICRC relations and the Committee's most influential wartime member. In conclusion this thesis will argue that the role of the British government in the ICRC's wartime activities was both far more damaging than has been acknowledged and, paradoxically, of great importance for the long-term development of the ICRC into the multifaceted humanitarian agency it is today.
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Silic, Tea, und Alexander Stigertsson. „Möjligheter och problem för en cross-borderregion – En fallstudie av Greater Copenhagen and Skåne Committee“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22315.

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Regional planning has become an important part of today’s politics. As a result of the ongoing globalization municipalties and cities now have to form partnerships accross borders to be able to compete for resources, residents and businesses establishments. Oresund collaboration was initiated when Denmark and Sweden formed The Oresund Committee, which today is called Greater Copenhagen and Skane Committee. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate what the cooperation actually means to three selected municipalties in the region, how the region is perceived by media and how it is portrayed in planning documents. This has been done through a case study.Since the region is a cross-border region it struggles with problems that a region located in one country does not. The biggest issue that we have identified has to do with different laws and economic systems that exists within the region. This has affected the many residents living in Oresund, especially those who travel across the border on a daily basis. Another problem that has arisen concerns the undefined identity that is created by politicians and authorities, which becomes a problem when the citizens do not perceive themselves as a part of the mutual region. Furthermore we have identified an issue that affects the matter of democracy and the recently established border controls. This issue has become apparent due to low priority from the government and the politicians of the capital of Sweden. There are elements that demonstrate that some people consider Stockholm to be the most important actor for Sweden’s future growth, which leads to unequal distribution of power. This brings us to the final problem, dealing with the decision to impose border controls between Sweden and Denmark. The border controls have proven to be very costly for the society and for the travellers who lose a lot of time because of the inflexibility of the way the border controls are carried out. In the final section of this bachelor thesis we discuss what needs to be accomplished to be able to create a better future for Greater Copenhagen and Skane Committee.
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Shucksmith, C. L. „The International Committee of the Red Cross and its mandate to protect and assist : law and practice“. Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/29162/.

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It is 150 years since the establishment of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), following Henry Dunant’s experiences during the aftermath of the Battle of Solferino. It is 100 years since the commencement of the Great War: if we think about a ‘traditional’ battlefield, what images come to mind? Perhaps one imagines soldiers in uniform, tanks, guns and trenches. Do the emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (IRCRCM) feature in the imagined conflict scenario? Now imagine the conflicts happening today in, for example, Syria, Mali, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Ukraine. In these conflicts, soldiers mingle with civilians in towns, armoured vehicles and open backed trucks transport non- uniformed soldiers between conflict areas and weapons include, amongst others, improvised explosive devices, suicide bombers and sexual violence. Nevertheless the emblems of the IRCRCM continue to emblazon the uniforms of medical personnel and their equipment, vehicles and aid boxes. What consequences do the changes in the nature of armed conflicts have for the ICRC? The human consequences of conflict and the presence of the ICRC has been a constant for 150 years, but the needs of the population and the types of violence continually change. Indeed, since the creation of the ICRC in 1863, the methods, means and actors in conflicts have changed, but so has the practice of the ICRC. This thesis considers the legality of such developments. The ICRC is, perhaps most significantly, the self-entitled, ‘guardian’ of international humanitarian law (IHL) and a neutral and independent entity. This thesis considers the activities currently undertaken by the ICRC in the name of ‘humanitarianism’. It addresses whether a strict interpretation of the Geneva Conventions I, II, III and IV 1949, Additional Protocols I and II and Statutes of the ICRC would show that it is, as an organisation, usurping its mandate and principles. It also takes into account the ‘ICRC Study on Customary IHL’. The thesis examines the issue of whether the ICRC is an organisation with International Legal Personality (ILP) and, if so, whether it has legitimately extended its role beyond that provided in the Geneva Conventions I, II, III and IV 1949, Additional Protocols I and II and the Statutes of the IRCRCM. More broadly therefore the thesis examines the relationship between the ICRC and international law, including IHL, jus ad bellum and international human rights law (IHRL). One unique contribution made by this thesis is to undertake a substantial analysis of the meaning and implementation of humanity, which is a principle of the IRCRCM. The IRCRCM definition of the principle of humanity is: The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, born of a desire to bring assistance without discrimination to the wounded on the battlefield, endeavours, in its international and national capacity, to prevent and alleviate human suffering wherever it may be found. Its purpose is to protect human life and health and to ensure respect for the human being. It promotes mutual understanding, friendship, cooperation and lasting peace amongst all people. Chapter five of the thesis shows that emerging concepts in the latter part of the twentieth century, in particular sovereignty as responsibility, human security and the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), are indicative of a development within the international community which identified the plight of individuals within sovereign States as relevant to the international community at large. In particular, the ‘humanity’ and humanitarian needs of people living within states, in particular during and after conflict, became part of international discourse. Humanitarian assistance is no longer restricted to the provision of aid to soldiers. The idea of inhumanity in internal armed conflicts also gained traction on the international stage. It is evident from recent conflicts such as Libya, Syria and Ukraine that international willingness and ability to respond to such situations varies considerably. This thesis, therefore, considers whether the ICRC is able to reach people on the ground in a way that more politicised actors, such as the UN, are not. It considers whether there is a case to be made for a humanitarian approach to protection during, and after, armed conflict? Is the ICRC capable of reaching individuals and communities in a promising and effective way? Has the ICRC had to adapt its humanitarian assistance and protection roles to adequately respond to the changing nature of armed conflicts? These questions permeate the analysis of the mandate of the ICRC and its current work, which is undertaken throughout this thesis. Critically, this thesis dedicates a chapter to analyse what ‘humanity’ means today. In much literature humanity is considered in terms of IHL, which, it is argued, provides a limited definition of such. Likewise, much literature on the ICRC centre’s on its links to IHL. The ICRC often forms a subsection of a chapter on IHL or is viewed through the lens of IHL. This thesis goes further than traditional accounts of the ICRC, as it presents the ICRC as key actor in the long-term protection and assistance of individuals and communities suffering through and trying to recover from armed conflict. It addresses the question of how to interpret ‘humanity’ and whether, perhaps, there is a case to argue that it can and should be interpreted more broadly, given the influx of human focused concepts to emerge since the end of the Second World War. This thesis focuses on sovereignty as responsibility, human security and Responsibility to Protect (RtoP) as key examples of such, as they all relate to humanitarianism. Their specific links are considered in detail in chapter five. Teitel published ‘Humanity’s Law’ in 2011 which reflects on issues similar to those contained in this thesis. However, much of Teitel’s analysis remains grounded in ‘black-letter’ law, whereas this thesis is taking a socio-legal approach and focuses on the law and practice of the ICRC. Humanity’s Law, as a concept, is very close to this Author’s interpretation and understanding of international law and the international legal order, and, as such, it is imperative to refer, throughout the thesis, to ideas put forward in ‘Humanity’s Law’. In terms of existing literature and academic argument on the matter of ‘humanity’, Teitel provides a comprehensive analysis of case law and theory. In addition much literature on the ICRC dedicates a passing comment to the Principles of the IRCRCM, which include ‘humanity’. Sovereignty as responsibility, human security and RtoP are reflective of a shift away from a state-centric model of the international legal order. There is increasing awareness and political will in terms of the plight of vulnerable populations in need. The key for this thesis is whether the ICRC mandate and practice are reflective of the developing notions of humanity, that is, is the ICRC ‘buying in’ to security or interventionist interpretations of humanity? Or, which would be a much more daring conclusion to draw, is the ICRC actually ‘feeding’ the development of ‘humanity’ as a concept which is, in turn, permeating international legal discourse more broadly? The traditional theory of human security, as proposed by the United Nations Development Programme in 1994, considered economic, food, health, environmental, personal, community and political security to be of consequence to the people living in conflict and other insecure environments. These types of security were seldom prioritised in traditional security paradigms, which focused on national security. This thesis considers human security to be of continuing importance to people on the ground during and after armed conflict and other situations of violence. For people trying to rebuild their lives, family life, food, health and community security are as important, if not more important, than the maintenance of territorial borders. In this regard, it considers the work of the Economic Security (EcoSec) Unit, which assesses needs at household level in order to obtain first-hand local information. This thesis required the undertaking of interviews with ICRC delegates at the headquarters in Geneva. The literature in this area is somewhat limited and that which is produced comes predominantly from the ICRC. It was necessary therefore to undertake empirical research to provide an original contribution to research in this field and to comprehensively address the research questions of this thesis. Finally, this thesis uses a case study of the ongoing conflict in the DRC to examine the activities of the ICRC and shows how, and to what extent, the changes within the ICRC practice are impacting people on the ground. The case study was also informed by the interviews.
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Bourzutschky, Marc S. Cross Michael Clifford Cross Michael Clifford. „Complex dynamics in systems with many degrees of freedom/cMarc S. Bourzutschky ; Michael Clifford Cross, Committee Chair“. Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1993. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08232007-131927.

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Lloyd-Thomas, Katharine Sarah. „The International Committee of the Red Cross: A Century of Consistency : A Care Study of Visual Identity on Facebook“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-39680.

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The International Committee of the Red Cross and Crescent Moon (ICRC) is a leading global humanitarian organization. Despite an exemplary operational record, the ICRC has an imperfect communication history: slow to respond; painfully neutral; and unwilling change. ICRC history, diplomatic and humanitarian communication has been well researched. However, few studies, outside of Maillot (2017), address ICRC SM communication within the ICRC historical context. There is a fundamental value in understanding how an INGO is responding to the challenges of public advocacy communication on SM. This review should allow the identification of improvement areas for digital diplomacy. As a first mover, ICRC policy on SM would lead the industry through a digital evolution.  Inexhaustible SM growth has increased both the type and the frequency of posting. INGOs are now posting multiples times per day; visuals are the dominant media form; and there is a growing need to use visual content that stands out. This sudden proliferation of visual, including 360 ° video footage (Garcia-Orosa, 2020), has opened conversations on the dehumanization of suffering (Chouliaraki, 2006), the lack of representation, and repeated content with colonialist tone. Capability gaps have become apparent as organizations struggle to keep pace with the change. This Case Study reviews the visual content of the ICRC on Facebook within the historical visual context. Focusing on visual Facebook posts from the ICRC, the selected ICRC visual content was analyzed using Barthes (1957) Mythological approach within a historical context. It will be argued that opportunities exist to evolve the visual identity to avoid reinforcing social stereotypes and improve authentic representation. To raise awareness and funds, the ICRC continues to use more old-fashioned and occasionally colonial visual imagery; it feels like the organization is imprisoned by the strength of its historical identity. Solutions are outlined to help define a new way forward including: first, a cultural evolution to help the organization avoid the pitfalls of the past; second, an openness to training. capability gaps are normal – seeking help to train the organization will improve SM effectiveness.
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Benoit, James P. „Mistreatment of the wounded, sick and shipwrecked by the International Committee of the Red Cross study on customary International Humanitarian Law“. Thesis, George Washington University Law School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3689.

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CIVINS
In 2005 the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) completed a ten-year study on customary international humanitarian law, based on an assessment of the State practice of forty-seven nations over the preceding thirty years. Somewhat surprisingly, but perhaps owing to the sheer size of the ICRC Study, there have been relatively few scholarly articles written about it, and only one State has officially responded to the ICRC: the United States, in a letter co-signed by the Department of State Legal Adviser, and the Department of Defense General Counsel.
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Bradley, Miriam. „Protecting civilians in internal armed conflict : the International Committee of the Red Cross and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99b7b4ce-38c6-472c-9fcb-c4be82ed9371.

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This thesis examines the approaches taken by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) to the protection of civilians during internal armed conflict, both at the level of global policy and at the level of implementation in the Colombian context. The thesis explains how the ICRC and UNHCR approach protection, why each has adopted its particular approach, and how and why the effectiveness of each approach is limited. In doing so, it offers a theoretical framework for explaining the approaches taken by international organizations (IOs) to new tasks within their mandates as well as policy implications for the ICRC, UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies. From a theoretical perspective, this research shows that factors internal to the IO carry greater explanatory power than external factors. Most significantly, when an IO expands into a new issue-area, it frames the new task in terms of the existing tasks within its mandate, replicating the specific goals and the means of pursuing those goals. The extent to which the approach is then adapted to the specificities of the new issue-area depends on the ‘bureaucratic personality’ of the IO, and specifically the extent to which decisions are informed by field-level experience. Internal conflicts by definition include armed non-state actors, and the analysis in this thesis emphasises both their significance in determining civilian security and their neglect in existing approaches to protection. While the ICRC seeks to reduce the threat posed by all armed actors (state and non-state) in its work at the field level, it relies heavily on an international legal framework which prioritises states and this partially undermines its attention to non-state actors at the field level. UNHCR retains a state-centric focus at both the field level and the level of global policy. From a policy perspective, therefore, the thesis advocates greater attention to armed non-state actors both at the level of practice and in the development of protection norms.
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Manolas, Evangelos. „The politics of international human rights regimes : with particular reference to the work of Amnesty International and the International Committee of the Red Cross“. Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1989. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU019882.

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This thesis attempts to apply regime 'theory' to the issue-area of international human rights. This is done with reference to the evolution of the concept of human rights, human rights in East-West and North-South relations, the subject of international co-operation on human rights, i.e. international and regional human rights regimes and the work of international human rights NGOs. Regime 'theory' is particularly applied with regard to the work of Amnesty International and the International Committee of the Red Cross and with regard to the subject of promotion rather than protection of human rights. In an attempt to supplement the few existing and 'in length' applications of regime analysis to human rights issues the thesis also looks at the issues examined in an 'in breadth' manner, i.e. looking at specific human rights regimes such as the one against torture rather than at the entire post-war history of all international human rights regimes as the existing 'in length' academic articles have done. This analysis reveals the true value of the two important regime 'theoretical' propositions: (1) changes in norms and principles constitute changes of the regime itself and (2) if there is inconsistency between the regime and related behaviour then this constitutes a weakening of the regime. Regime analysis constitutes a useful analytic tool and should not be dismissed as a 'passing fad' or as 'in itself making little in the way of a long-term contribution to knowledge'. This was so for a number of reasons: (1) regimes are real and do influence behaviour and outcomes; (2) regime analysts have become students of international relations in the true meaning of the term since, by looking at the connecting points of international law politics, security and economics, they offer deep and thorough analyses of an issue; and (3) none of the three regime approaches, i.e. idealism, realism and modified structuralism (with the last one expanded to include cases where there is a fortunate convergence between humanitarian and political/security/economic concerns) can by itself offer a satisfactory account of the full range of observable phenomena. The above three points also re-confirm the validity of conclusions already drawn by other studies which utilized regime analysis. The value of regime analysis was also confirmed by other findings in the thesis: (1) the two regime 'theoretical' propositions as outlined above provided important guidelines in identifying areas which constitute a weakening of human rights regimes and as such they may be seen as very useful warning mechanisms in the service of those who seek to advance human rights, e.g. NGOs; (2) the basic causal factors utilized in the thesis, i.e. self-interest, power, norms and values as well as the two added by the author, that is ideology and foreign policy, although not constituting an exhaustive list, they were, nevertheless, sufficient in offering a more or less satisfactory account of issues under examination; and (3) basic causal factors, regime 'theoretical' propositions as well as the three regime perspectives, offered a basic framework within which to discuss various human rights issues.
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Chisadza, Moses W. „The role of cross-listings in establishing a SADC regional stock exchange“. Thesis, uwc, 2013. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4766_1380708510.

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Sjöklint, Mimmi. „Regional Authority in Cross Border Dynamics. A study of the Öresund Committee’s formal authority between the years 2003-2007“. Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23225.

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The Öresund Region is a historical cross border region working over the national borders of Sweden and Denmark. The regional administration, the Öresund Committee, is the only political forum that encompasses the whole region and serves its interests collectively. Not only is it cooperating with the national governments but also has a close relationship with the Nordic Council and especially with the European Union. According to a method developed by Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks and Arjan H. Schakel, it is possible to retrieve a Regional Authority Index which mirrors the formal authority of a region. The method is evaluated in accordance to the complications of the Öresund Region’s dual nationality and finds that the Öresund Committee has a rather concealed role with greater indirect impact than it is given credit for. However, in terms of formal authority, the Öresund Committee has a weak position and shares no rule with higher political entities, such as the Danish, Swedish and European central administrations.
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Bücher zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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Colorado. Commission on Government Productivity. Budget and forecasting: Cross-departmental committee report. [Denver, Colo.]: State of Colorado, Commission on Government Productivity, 1989.

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Development, Great Britain Department for International. Working in partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross. London: DFID, 1999.

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Cardia, Isabelle Vonèche. Hungarian October: Between Red Cross and Red Flag : the 1956 action of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1999.

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Cross, International Committee for the Red. Landmines must be stopped: ICRC overview. 2. Aufl. Geneva: ICRC, 1999.

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Kellenberger, Jakob. Jakob Kellenberger--Diplomat und IKRK-Präsident: Im Gespräch mit Hansjörg Erny. Oberhofen am Thunersee: Zytglogge, 2006.

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1934-, Erny Hansjörg, Hrsg. Jakob Kellenberger--Diplomat und IKRK-Präsident: Im Gespräch mit Hansjörg Erny. Oberhofen am Thunersee: Zytglogge, 2006.

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International Committee of the Red Cross. ICRC headquarters appeal, 1996 / c International Committee of the Red Cross. Geneva, Switzerland: The Committee, 1996.

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International Committee of the Red Cross., Hrsg. The International Committee of the Red Cross and the disabled. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, Medical Division, 1986.

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Pictet, Jean. Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge: Une institution unique en son genre. Genève: Institut Henry-Dunant, 1985.

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Golay, Jean-François. Le financement de l'aide humanitaire: L'exemple du Comité international de la Croix-Rouge. Berne: P. Lang, 1990.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74024-6_33.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 47–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-74027-7_33.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-67278-3_32.

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Heath-Brown, Nick. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Stateman’s Yearbook, 47. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-57823-8_32.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook 2010, 45. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58632-5_32.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-58635-6_32.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 45–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59051-3_31.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 45–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59541-9_30.

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Turner, Barry. „International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)“. In The Statesman’s Yearbook, 46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59643-0_31.

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Ben-Tov, Arieh. „The International Committee of the Red Cross“. In Facing the Holocaust in Budapest, 25–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-6935-8_3.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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„Program Committee“. In 2022 IEEE Crosschain Workshop (ICBC-CROSS). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbc-cross54895.2022.9793332.

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„Organizing Committee“. In 2007 International Workshop on Cross Layer Design. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcld.2007.4379022.

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„Technical Program Committee“. In 2007 International Workshop on Cross Layer Design. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwcld.2007.4379023.

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„Organizing Committee“. In 2021 Cross Strait Radio Science and Wireless Technology Conference (CSRSWTC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csrswtc52801.2021.9631670.

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„Conference Organising Committee“. In 2006 2nd International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2006.18.

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„Program Committee“. In First International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'05). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2005.41.

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„Conference Organizing Committee“. In 2008 International Conference on Automated Solutions for Cross Media Content and Multi-Channel Distribution. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2008.5.

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„International Program Committee“. In 2008 International Conference on Automated Solutions for Cross Media Content and Multi-Channel Distribution. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2008.6.

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„Conference Organising Committee“. In 2007 3rd International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2007.5.

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„International Programme Committee“. In Third International Conference on Automated Production of Cross Media Content for Multi-Channel Distribution (AXMEDIS'07). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/axmedis.2007.6.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cross Committee"

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Mendez, Nicholas. 2nd Committee Meeting: Cross Section Measurements of Neutron Elastic Scattering. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2329227.

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Smith, D. L., und V. McLane. Measurement committee of the US cross section evaluation working group. Annual report, 1995. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/152658.

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Smith, D. L., und V. McLane. Measurement and Basic Physics Committee of the US cross-section evaluation working group. Annual report 1996. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434476.

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Smith, D. L., und V. McLane. Measurement and Basic Physics Committee of the U.S. Cross-Section Evaluation Working Group annual report 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/677161.

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SMITH, D. L., und V. MCLANE. MEASUREMENT AND BASIC PHYSICS COMMITTEE OF THE U.S. CROSS-SECTION EVALUATION WORKING GROUP, ANNUAL REPORT 1997. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), Oktober 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760972.

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Kennedy, Mary Lee, und Cynthia Hudson Vitale. Identifying Collaboration Priorities for US-Based Research Data Organizations: Questionnaire Results. Association of Research Libraries, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29242/report.researchdataorgscollab2022.

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The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) has released the results of a questionnaire, developed with the US National Committee for CODATA, intended to identify potential areas of synergy and interests among US-based research data organizations. This report is a first step in building community among US-based research data organizations. The report will inform the US National Committee for CODATA’s plans for a series of virtual convenings to discuss shared interests among cross-sector research data organizations, culminating in an in-person US Research Data Summit. The aim is to create a shared agenda that reduces duplication of effort within the United States and that positions research data organizations from the US to engage effectively in international discussions. The questionnaire was distributed to 80 organization representatives with national and international research data goals, including organizations that are cross-functional, disciplinary, representative of scholars, government, industry, nonprofit organizations, and underrepresented communities.
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Cary, Dakota. China’s National Cybersecurity Center: A Base for Military-Civil Fusion in the Cyber Domain. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Juli 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/2020ca016.

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China’s National Cybersecurity Center (NCC) resides on a 40 km2 plot in Wuhan. As one indication of its significance, the Chinese Communist Party’s highest-ranking members have an oversight committee for the facility. Over the next decade, the NCC will provide the talent, innovation, and indigenization of cyber capabilities that China’s Ministry of State Security, Ministry of Public Security, and People’s Liberation Army Strategic Support Force hacking teams lack. Though still under construction, the NCC’s first class of graduates will cross the stage in June 2022.
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Teräs, Jukka, Anna Berlina und Mari Wøien Meijer. The Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020 - final report. Nordregio, Januar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:3.1403-2503.

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The Nordic thematic group for innovative and resilient regions 2017–2020 (TG2) was established by the Nordic Council of Ministers and is a part of the Nordic Co-operation Programme for Regional Development and Planning 2017–2020. Three Nordicthematic groups were established for the four-year period: Innovative and resilient regions, Sustainable rural development, and Sustainable cities and urban development. The thematic groups have been organised under the Nordic Council of Ministers’ Committee of Civil Servants for Regional Affairs, and Nordregio has acted as the secretariat for the thematic groups. This report summarises the work and results of the Nordic thematic group for innovative and resilient regions (TG2) in 2017–2020. The thematic group has not only produced high-quality research on innovative and resilient regions in the Nordic countries but also contributed to public policy with the latest knowledge on the creation and development of innovative and resilient regions across the nordic countries, with focus on smart specialisation, digitalisation, regional resilience, and skills policies. TG2 has also contributed to research on innovative and resilient regions in the Nordic cross-border context.
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Roberts, Tony, und Becky Faith. Digital Aid: Understanding the Digital Challenges Facing Humanitarian Assistance. Institute of Development Studies, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.030.

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The UKRI Digital Aid workshop on 9 September 2019 brought together expert practitioners and researchers to focus on the use of digital technologies in humanitarian aid. Participants brought wide experience of digital applications to monitor conflict, refugees, food security, and to reunite families, enable communication and increase donor value for money. The event identified key areas where the rapid pace of technological change is outstripping our current understanding of emerging risks, digital inequalities and ethical dilemmas associated with the use of digital technologies in humanitarian response. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in their contribution to the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on Digital Cooperation warned that it is of critical importance to ‘keep humanitarian purpose, and the people humanitarian organizations are there to protect and assist, firmly at the centre of any developments in order to ensure the humanitarian response do no harm in their application’ (ICRC 2019). Yet workshop discussions showed how humanitarian practitioners are struggling to operationalise the “do no harm” principle in the context of a rapidly changing technological landscape. Workshop participants felt that research has a vital role to play in protecting the interests of vulnerable communities in the digital age.
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Vuithier, Alix. Strengthening Cross-Border Cooperation in the Nordic Region: Analysis of Three Case Studies on the Swedish Border. Nordregio, Juni 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2024:15.1403-2503.

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Cross-border municipalities in Sweden and its Nordic neighbours are already well integrated. They have strong links and cooperate closely, in particular through cross-border committees involving local and regional authorities or through direct cooperation at the municipal level. However, issues hindering greater integration of cross-border municipalities and regions remain. This study focuses on three cases in the Swedish-Finnish, Swedish-Norwegian and Swedish-Danish border regions that face different topographical challenges. Through interviews with local and regional stakeholders, the main challenges with regard to furthering cross-border integration were identified. In this report, our research focuses on the following key questions: -What national support for urban-urban development across borders is needed by border towns and cities? -What coordination efforts (horizontal and vertical) are needed to achieve sustainable and green urban development in Nordic cross-border towns and cities? -What policy recommendations can be made based on the existing needs in border municipalities?
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