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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Critical futures studies“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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Seeler, Sabrina. „Critical terms in futures studies“. Journal of Tourism Futures 6, Nr. 3 (14.09.2020): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-09-2020-154.
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Lusty, Natalya. „Fashion futures and critical fashion studies“. Continuum 35, Nr. 6 (31.10.2021): 813–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2021.1993568.
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Goode, Luke, und Michael Godhe. „Beyond Capitalist Realism – Why We Need Critical Future Studies“. Culture Unbound 9, Nr. 1 (15.06.2017): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1790615.
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This paper introduces the interdisciplinary field of Critical Future Studies (CFS). CFS investigates the scope and constraints within public culture for imagining and debating different potential futures. It interrogates imagined futures founded – often surreptitiously – upon values and assumptions from the past and present, as well as those representing a departure from current social trajectories. CFS draws on perspectives from various disciplines including sociology, political studies, intellectual history, cultural history, media and cultural studies, utopian studies, science and technology studies, and philosophy. CFS also engages with discourses and ideas from the natural sciences (including popular science), computing and economics. And, given our concern with public culture, CFS aims to contribute constructively to vigorous and imaginative public debate about the future – a futural public sphere – and to challenge a prevalent contemporary cynicism about our capacity to imagine alternative futures while trapped in a parlous present. To that extent, we propose CFS as a programme of engaged and open-ended social critique, not as a solely academic endeavour. Our paper begins by describing the relationship between CFS and mainstream Future Studies. Subsequently, we discuss the contemporary context for Critical Future Studies. Here we make the case that CFS is a timely and even urgent project at our current historical juncture, arguing also for the significance of both utopian and dystopian imaginings. We then go on to discuss methodologies within CFS scholarship. Finally, we conclude by reflecting on the values underpinning CFS. Overall, this paper not only describes CFS as a field of research but also serves as an invitation to cultural scholars to consider how their own work might intersect with and contribute to CFS.
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Harty, Chris, Chris Ian Goodier, Robby Soetanto, Simon Austin, Andrew R. J. Dainty und Andrew D. F. Price. „The futures of construction: a critical review of construction future studies“. Construction Management and Economics 25, Nr. 5 (Mai 2007): 477–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190600879117.
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Bussey, Marcus. „From change to progress: critical spirituality and the futures of futures studies“. Futures 34, Nr. 3-4 (April 2002): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-3287(01)00046-5.
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Godhe, Michael, und Luke Goode. „Critical Future Studies - A thematic Introduction“. Culture Unbound 10, Nr. 2 (30.10.2018): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.2018102151.
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Our 2017 essay “Beyond Capitalist Realism – Why We Need Critical Future Studies” (Goode & Godhe 2017), published in this journal, was intended as both a provocation and an invitation to scholars concerned with the ways in which cultural texts not only represent the future, but also actively shape it by opening up or closing down imaginative possibilities. The essays collected in this special section are both responses to our invitation and provocations in their own right. From our point of view, they each take Critical Future Studies forward and collectively augur well for the further development of this field.
This introductory essay contains three sections. First, we briefly situate Critical Future Studies within an intellectual and historical context. In the following section we discuss some relevant scholarship published very recently in cognate fields (specifically Anticipation Studies and Sociology) and which are pertinent to Critical Future Studies as a developing field of study. In the final section, we introduce the articles contained in this this special section: six diverse contributions on topics including green capitalism, artificial intelligence and automation, science fiction, post-scarcity societies and the future of work, and socialist futures.
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Fernández Güell, José Miguel, und Javier González López. „Cities futures. A critical assessment of how future studies are applied to cities“. foresight 18, Nr. 5 (12.09.2016): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/fs-06-2015-0032.
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Purpose This paper aims to assess recent foresight exercises applied to cities by evaluating three major issues. Have foresight practitioners understood cities complexity? Have urban planners used adequate tools to generate plausible future visions? Are city policy makers using foresight studies to limit urban uncertainty? Design/methodology/approach In total, 20 city foresight examples were selected which either have international relevance or which constitute good examples of future-oriented initiatives. Case studies were classified into five taxonomies: European Union initiatives; local initiatives; academic initiatives; corporate initiatives; and architectural initiatives. A set of assessment criteria was established: city complexity conceptualization; methodological approach; and study impact. Findings Preliminary research outcomes show growing doubts about the appropriateness of the foresight tools used in cities and about the competency of foresight practitioners in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of contemporary cities. Furthermore, policy makers do not seem to grasp the potential of foresight to formulate urban strategies. Research limitations/implications Some of the initiatives studied are relatively recent, so impact analysis has been limited by available data. Mostly, secondary documented sources were used to validate cases’ assessment. Research suggests a number of areas in which foresight studies may have a practical application to the urban realm. Originality/value The value of the present work lies in the effort for assessing and improving forward-looking activities undertaken at cities through a set of criteria which take into consideration the complexity and diversity of contemporary cities.
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Naimou, Angela. „Moving Futures“. American Literary History 31, Nr. 3 (2019): 502–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajz027.
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AbstractThis essay-review discusses four books that link refugee migration and border politics to ideas of time. It reads Asfa-Wossen Asserate’s African Exodus (2018), Stephanie Li’s Pan-African American Literature (2018), Aimee Bahng’s Migrant Futures (2018), and Long T. Bui’s Returns of War (2018) as books with distinct objects of analysis, from refugee memory of the US war in Vietnam, to US literary and cultural speculative fictions, to African immigrant writers in the US, to the current so-called African migrant crisis as it affects Europe. It also considers the multiple disciplinary and methodological commitments of these books, as they participate in discussions on migration in such areas as ethnic studies, postcolonial studies, Asian American studies, critical refugee studies, scholarship on literature of African diasporas, economics, history, memory, and human rights. This essay-review considers the gains or limitations of such approaches to the study of migration in contemporary literature and/or culture.
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Caraballo, Limarys, und Danielle Filipiak. „Building futures: Youth researchers and critical college-going literacies“. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies 42, Nr. 5 (19.10.2020): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714413.2021.1874852.
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Paya, Ali. „Critical rationalism as a theoretical framework for futures studies and foresight“. Futures 96 (Februar 2018): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2017.12.005.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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Fredström, Linna. „Reimagining climate futures : Using critical futures studies to explore scenarios for Ljungby municipality in Sweden“. Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194398.
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A growing body of research is calling for radical transformation of society to avoid catastrophic levels of climate change and create a more sustainable and just future. To make this possible, climate researcher will need new approaches and methods that help envision and enable transformations. In this thesis I explore how transformative scenario studies can incorporate critical social theory to enable more reflexive and actionable results. I develop climate change scenarios for a Swedish municipality and adopt a novel combination of the Manoa method and causal layered analysis. This methodological contribution, combining the creativity of the Manoa method and critical perspective of causal layered analysis, is coupled with a transdisciplinary approach. Through collaboration with local actors, including political, private, and civil society representatives, the study maximizes the relevance of the results to the local community. Building on the area’s cultural heritage of oral storytelling, the final scenarios are developed in collaboration with local storytellers and presented back to the community as a set of short stories. The study makes two noteworthy contributions. First, by allowing local context and culture to guide the creation and dissemination of results the study shows the power of a transdisciplinary approach. Second, by applying a critical theory lens, the study unveils how underlying assumptions limit our capacity to imagine different futures and that challenging these assumptions can increase the transformative potential of scenario research.
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Ramos, José María. „Alternative futures of globalisation a socio-ecological study of the world social forum process“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/40986/1/Jose_Ramos_Thesis.pdf.
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Inspired by the initial World Social Forum in Porto Alegre Brazil, over the past decade over 200 local and regional social forums have been held, on five continents. This study has examined the nature of this broader social forum process, in particular as an aspect of the movement for 'another globalisation'. I discuss both the discourses for 'another world', as well as the development of an Alternative Globalisation Movement. As an action research study, the research took place within a variety of groups and networks. The thesis provides six accounts of groups and people striving and struggling for 'another world'. I provide a macro account of the invention and innovation of the World Social Forum. A grassroots film-makers collective provides a window into media. A local social forum opens up the radical diversity of actors. An activist exchange circle sheds light on strategic aspects of alternative globalisation. An educational initiative provides a window into transformations in pedagogy. And a situational account (of the G20 meeting in Melbourne in 2006) provides an overview of the variety of metanetworks that converge to voice demands for global justice and sustainability. In particular, this study has sought to shed light on how, within this process, groups and communities develop 'agency', a capacity to respond to the global challenges they / we face. And as part of this question, I have also explored how alternatives futures are developed and conceived, with a re-cognition of the importance of histories and geo-political (or 'eco-political') structures as contexts. I argue the World Social Forum Process is prefigurative, as an interactional process where many social alternatives are conceived, supported, developed and innovated into the world. And I argue this innovation process is meta-formative, where convergences of diverse actors comprise ‘social ecologies of alternatives’ which lead to opportunities for dynamic collaboration and partnership.
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Williams, Emma Peyton. „Dreaming of Abolitionist Futures, Reconceptualizing Child Welfare: Keeping Kids Safe in the Age of Abolition“. Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1592141173476542.
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Wan, Zakaria Wan Fariza Alyati Binti. „Futures studies in contemporary Islamic and Western thought : a critical study of the works of Ziauddin Sardar, Mahdi Elmandjra, Alvin Toffler and Daniel Bell“. Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/882/.
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Futures Studies, or the study of future, is a post-Enlightenment new field of inquiry in Western history of intellectual tradition. It attempts to study the probable, possible and desirable futures for human. Nevertheless, the study and concern on future is not a unique Western phenomenon. Indeed, every society and civilization has its own version of “futures studies”, as found in astrology, numerology, palm reading and so on and so forth. Islam - as the religion of fitrah (primordial nature) - regards future within an eternal conception of time – the dunyā and the akhīrah. With the influence of Western analysis on future, this research attempts at firstly recognizing the notion of future in both Islam and Western traditions. In so doing, we chose two Muslim scholars, Ziauddin Sardar and Mahdi Elmandjra, who are both prominent in the study of future, and also two Western scholars, Alvin Toffler and Daniel Bell as representatives of Western tradition in studying future. Secondly, this research traces the development of futures thinking in both Western and Islamic context and argues that futures thinking, indeed Futures Studies, has become a significant mode of thinking in Western society within its reception of modernity, and now postmodernity. The development of Futures Studies and futures thinking on their Muslim counterpart shows similar interest, though with much slower pace. Our analysis therefore focuses on the thematical aspects of the scholars’ thoughts and compares the divergences between both Muslim and Western views on future, as well as their resemblances. We then conclude that the significance of futures thinking and Futures Studies should be urgently recognized by the Muslims in order to resolve their present condition in which they become part of the contributing factor. This, as we argue and believe, should be realized through an ijtihādic struggle – to be ready to criticize oneself, and recognize one’s weaknesses and mistakes in understanding and practicing one’s own religion and then to set forward the best resolution to be implemented for a desirable future. Only through this process of self-criticism and self-awareness that we can contemplate a self-renewal process for ourselves, and most importantly, for the Muslim society and its civilization in the future.
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Sattari, Amir. „Nanotechnology and Sustainability : A Critical Review of Current Trendsand Future Developments“. Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33099.
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This report considers both contributions and adverse consequences, uncertainties, and unknownrelationships that are potentially involved in the advances of techno-economic and humanisticinterests towards the advances in Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies (N&N). Because of thedistinctive physical and chemical properties of materials at nanoscales, which have not beenunderstood deeply yet, besides the huge potentials to benefit many areas of research andapplication, it is recognized that application of N&N may raise new ecological, health and safety,socio-economic, and regulatory challenges that will require scientific, techno-economic, andsocietal considerations. A comprehensive literature survey of peer reviewed journals, books, andother authoritative sources indicate that there have been very few studies on these fundamentalaspects and the research investments are mainly sponsored for market purposes, rather than forpure scientific structure-function discoveries or sustainability attitudes. The overarching issue ofimportance in this study is to consider the high level of uncertainties and lack of knowledge inN&N, and the great potential threats and impacts of engineered nanoproducts that can be eitherin form of known-unknowns or even unknown-unknowns. Moreover, measures of improvementto govern N&N developments to become sustainable, including public communication, call forpure and high quality non-prescribed research on unknown characteristics of N&N, health and environmental friendliness based on a life cycle approach, and the industrial ecology approach,together with implementation of the related results in practice have been suggested.www.ima.kth.se
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Newton, Andrew. „Ambulance Service 2030 : the future of paramedics“. Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15437.
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Some innovations are termed ‘disruptive’, a designation that is normally applied to technology; examples include computers, digital cameras, and mobile phones. The term can also be applied to groups of workers, particularly if they are able to offer specific technical capabilities within a market at lower cost, but broadly equal and effective to that offered by traditional products or services. Paramedics could be described in this way and are a newly professionalised group, with distinctive capabilities in terms of responding to the needs of not just the acutely ill and injured, but increasingly those patients with undifferentiated non-life- threatening conditions, which increasingly make up the bulk of 999 call demand. The key to their transition from an artisan, skilled worker to professional status is the acquisition of certain ‘hallmarks’. Perhaps the most important of these is the completion of more prolonged education that affords the opportunity to graduate with enhanced decision-making and other clinical skills in order to meet the needs of the full spectrum of patients in the pre-hospital setting. Paramedics were surveyed to determine how they rated their ‘traditional’ preparation and to establish what their attitudes were to a more educationally based approach. Paramedics themselves proved to be realistic regarding shortcomings in established training and education systems, while also being strongly motivated to learn more within a higher education setting, particularly if this additional effort would result in being able to offer a wider range of care to their patients. During the study, major changes in the health care environment and the role of the Ambulance Service took place, leading to a requirement to undertake a second phase of research. This took the form of ‘Horizon Scanning’ in an attempt to detect ‘signals’, themes and trends in relation to newly emerging ‘competitors’ to the paramedic role. These included nursing, new practitioners and most critically, the rapidly emerging medical sub-speciality of pre-hospital care, staffed by medical personnel on a pattern found specifically in some European countries, sometimes termed the ‘Franco-German’ model/System (FGM/S). Hitherto, the model of provision in the UK had followed the ‘Anglo-American’ model/System (AAM/S), approach, with paramedics providing direct patient care in the field and medical staff largely involved in medical oversight, teaching, clinical governance and other higher level roles. As part of this research, the evidence base for change was examined and consideration given to the factors that might help clarify what the likely situation could be in 2030 in respect of ambulance services, pre-hospital care and paramedics. This future is uncertain, but factors have been identified that would militate in favour of one or other model prevailing, with close links established between educational preparation, system design, career structure and the continuance of the professionalisation process favouring paramedic progression. However, other factors, most specifically professional power, the absence of a clear evidence base and an apparent reluctance to clearly acknowledge this in some respects, lead to the conclusion that the future of pre-hospital care remains uncertain and contested, but also potentially amenable to a well-directed influencing strategy.
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Chvostek, Ida-Maria. „Treacherous Words : How Climate Change Conspiracy Sceptics use Conceptual Metaphors to Extinguish our Future“. Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161233.
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This study examined the metaphors used in contemporary American conservative discourse between October 2018 and March 2019, focusing on material published by conservative think tanks (CTTs) and tweets made by Republican senators in relation to climate change. For the CTTs, a domain-specific corpus (36,388 words) was compiled and a smaller corpus (3967 words) was assembled based on 135 tweets. These datasets showed that conspiracy scepticism was the most common type of scepticism used to discredit climate change data, scientists and environmental policies. In addition, the datasets indicate that conservative agents frequently used metaphors of WAR, RELIGION, HEALTH, BUILDING, JOURNEY, WATER and PRODUCT to convey negative frames. These domains linked to the conceptual key LIFE IS A STRUGGLE FOR SURVIVAL and were presented in a moral context. In response to these findings it is suggested that the scientific community incorporate emotional language, metaphors and moral values when communicating environmental issues.
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Khodier, Nesma Magdy VCUQ. „The Future of Arabic Music: No sound without silence“. VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4170.
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For centuries, Arabic music has been intrinsically linked to Arab culture and by extension bonded to the environmental landscape of the region, reflecting their emotions, moods, and behaviors. Numerous technological advancements in the latter half of the twentieth century, have greatly affected the rich legacy of Arabic music, significantly impacting the natural progression of traditional Arabic musical genres, scales, and instrumentation.
This thesis serves as an introduction to generative methods of music production, specifically music generated through gestures. Through generative music, and its unique ability to map gestures to different musical parameters, music can be produced using computer algorithms.
The outcome of this thesis aims to demystify the intricacies of recent technological advancements to enable the musician and the audience to incorporate responsive technology into their ensembles. This approach aims to further evolve Arabic music, using the concepts of Arabic music creativity while addressing international accessibility through integration.
The intention of this thesis is to bridge between the contemporary and the traditional Arabic audiences and provides insight into a possible future of Arabic music based on its own fundamental principles.
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Carlsson, Moa. „Ålder och klimataktivism : En jämförande studie av unga och äldres politiska attityder i klimatstrejker“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403060.
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Rosén, Jimmy. „Hyperdistribution and the future of copyright economics : A study of the contemporary Nordic Gaming industry“. Thesis, Linköping University, Culture, Society and Media Production, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-18648.
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This interdisciplinary study shows that because of the changing demands from consumer caused by the growing influence of the internet and file-sharing the Nordic Gaming industry is going through an economic evolution. This result was derived by using qualitative questionnaires directed towards Gaming industry decision makers in the Nordic region combined with critical discourse analysis based on the methodology of Norman Fairclough, using theories of different characters to understand the field.
In this thesis the case of the Nordic Gaming industry is used to assert that because of changing demands of consumers and an ever growing piracy movement, societies are evolving into transitional economies where it is increasingly harder to sell products consisting of pure information.
Bücher zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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Paul, Heike, Hrsg. Critical Terms in Futures Studies. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4.
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Global pedagogies: Schooling for the future. Dordrecht: Springer, 2010.
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Literary futurism: Aspects of the first avant garde. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1990.
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Strüver, Anke, und Sybille Bauriedl, Hrsg. Platformization of Urban Life. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839459645.
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The increasing platformization of urban life needs critical perspectives to examine changing everyday practices and power shifts brought about by the expansion of digital platforms mediating care-services, housing, and mobility. This book addresses new modes of producing urban spaces and societies. It brings both platform researchers and activists from various fields related to critical urban studies and labour activism into dialogue. The contributors engage with the socio-spatial and normative implications of platform-mediated urban everyday life and urban futures, going beyond a rigid techno-dystopian stance in order to include an understanding of platforms as sites of social creativity and exchange.
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Ferrari, Aldo, Stefano Riccioni, Marco Ruffilli und Beatrice Spampinato. L'arte armena. Storia critica e nuove prospettive Studies in Armenian and Eastern Christian Art 2020. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-469-1.
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Exploration of Armenian art began in the 19th century with French, Russian, German, Finnish, Austrian and Armenian art historians, and continued into the 20th century primarily with Russian, Armenian, Ukrainian, American and Italian scholars, who brought to the attention of a large public – not only of academics –, the artistic heritage of a territory that goes beyond the borders of present-day Armenia and encompasses an area known as Subcaucasia, a term used to indicate the regions from the South Caucasus to Anatolia, Iran and Upper Mesopotamia. Interest in Armenian art, from illuminated manuscripts to khachkars and architecture, has grown in the last twenty years, a fact that provided the knowledge of these works of art with a global dimension. The book illustrates the characteristics, themes and methods of the various research paths, sprouting from different historiographical traditions. In other words, the volume intends to trace a map capable of orientating the reader among the artistic and cultural phenomena of this complex territory, thus offering different keys to understanding them and also useful insights for future scientific research.
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1945-, Arthur Michael B., Hendry Christopher, Training Agency und University of Warwick. Centre for Corporate Strategy and Change., Hrsg. Training and human resource management in small to medium sized enterprises: A critical review of the literature and a model for future research. Sheffield: Training Agency, 1990.
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Barney, Gerald O. Threshold 2000: Critical issues and spiritual values for a global age. Arlington, VA: Millennium Institute, 1999.
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Dickey, Stephanie, Hrsg. Rembrandt and his Circle. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462984004.
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This collection brings together art historians, museum professionals, conservators, and conservation scientists whose work involves Rembrandt van Rijn and associated artists such as Gerrit Dou, Jan Lievens, and Ferdinand Bol. The range of subjects considered is wide: from the presentation of convincing evidence that Rembrandt and his contemporary Frans Hals rubbed elbows in the Amsterdam workshop of Hendrick Uylenburgh to critical reassessments of the role of printmaking in Rembrandt's studio, his competition with Lievens as a landscape painter, his reputation as a collector, and much more. Developed from a series of international conferences devoted to charting new directions in Rembrandt research, these essays illuminate the current state of Rembrandt studies and suggest avenues for future inquiry.
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Manca, Massimo, und Martina Venuti. Paulo maiora canamus Raccolta di studi per Paolo Mastandrea. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-557-5.
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This miscellaneous volume in honour of Paolo Mastandrea includes contributions by colleagues and friends dealing with some of the main topics of his scientific interests: intertextuality, late Latin studies, philological problems, the legacy of Classics in Renaissance, digital humanities. The first section, «Literary History and Intertextuality», focuses on special patterns in Latin literature within a very wide chronological range, from Vergil to Optatianus. Specific attention is dedicated to elegy and to mythological characters in elegy and tragedy. The section named «Philological Notes» deals with critical problems within texts by Sallustius, Macrobius and Historia Augusta. The following section, «Late Latin studies», is dedicated to several authors and topics: Simphosius’ Aenigmata, Sidonius, Historia Augusta, Claudianus, Epigrammata Bobiensia, Johannes Lydus and literary topoi used in late Latin texts. The final one, «Classical Reception Studies», examines a few examples of the legacy of Latin authors in the Italian Renaissance. A history of the database Musisque Deoque, along with the future perspectives of this crucial project designed in 2005 by Paolo Mastandrea, are provided in a specific «Appendix».
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Paul, Heike. Critical Terms in Futures Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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Aston, Elaine. „The ‘F’ Word, Feminism’s Critical Futures“. In Performance Studies, 8–15. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-46315-9_2.
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Hardon, Anita. „Chemical Futures“. In Critical Studies in Risk and Uncertainty, 281–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57081-1_9.
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AbstractHere we turn to the strategies that young people use to prevent chemical harms, not just those related to single chemicals but also those related to the feedback loops and compounding effects generated by the multiplicity of chemicals in daily life. Chemical Futures takes as an example youth activists in France, the Générations Cobayes, and their mobilization against endocrine-disrupting chemicals. We examine what contributes to the relative invisibility of toxic risk, pointing especially to the role of corporations in generating uncertainty about scientific evidence. The ChemicalYouth project engaged in a range of collaborative, youth-led projects that demonstrate the many ways youth may be engaged in “harm reduction from below.” We suggest that a ChemicalYouth 2.0 project might involve a wider range of researchers, advisors, and laboratories, to make more visible the multiple toxicities that make up young people’s everyday lives. Finally, we argue that governments should team up with youth and complement their efforts with “harm reduction from above” initiatives to regulate unsafe chemicals and support youths’ efforts to observe the effects of chemicals on their bodies and share information with others.
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Hewings, Ann, und Philip Seargeant. „English Language Studies: A Critical Appraisal“. In Futures for English Studies, 61–77. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-43180-6_5.
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Maurits, Peter J. „Futurism“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 131–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_21.
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Paul, Heike. „Introduction“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_1.
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Manovich, Lev. „Data“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_10.
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El-Bizri, Nader. „Death“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 67–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_11.
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Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara. „Decision“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 73–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_12.
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Gebhardt, Mareike. „Democracy“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 79–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_13.
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Ziai, Aram. „Development“. In Critical Terms in Futures Studies, 87–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28987-4_14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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Babu V., Rajan, V. Balasubramaniyan, Raghupathy Sundararajan, P. Puthiyavinayagam und Chellapandi Perumal. „Design Improvement Studies for Future SFR“. In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30742.
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Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), a 500 MWe, (U-Pu)O2 fuelled, sodium cooled, pool type fast reactor, is in advanced stage of construction at Kalpakkam, India. Based on the experience gained during the design, manufacture and erection of various reactor components of PFBR, it is planned to construct Sodium cooled Fast Reactors (SFR) by adopting twin unit (2×500 MWe reactors) concept. The future Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) – 1 & 2 have three main heat transport circuits, namely primary sodium, secondary sodium and steam-water systems. All the reactor internals including core and primary heat transport circuit systems are contained in a single vessel called main vessel and it is closed with top shield. Reactor assembly forms the heart of the Nuclear Steam Supply System. A detailed and exhaustive design / optimisation exercise was initiated towards improving the economic competitiveness and enhancing the safety of future FBRs. It is observed that the overall dimensions of the reactor assembly contribute immensely to the capital cost. In this context, detailed studies were carried out towards optimizing the overall dimensions of the reactor assembly. Further, the reactor assembly design in particular has been engineered to favour manufacture of integrated assembly and erection of the same, as a single unit, in reactor vault to reduce construction time. Various activities undertaken towards technology development of critical components have enhanced the confidence level in the improved design concepts and reducing time for manufacture and erection. In addition to the reactor assembly, specific improvements have been made in decay heat removal systems and sodium purification system. The layout incorporates a twin unit concept in which the ex-vessel fuel handling system and fuel storage building are shared. This paper discusses the basis for undertaking the review exercise and experience gained during construction of PFBR and highlights the design studies and technology development carried out for future SFR.
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Mijatović, Tatjana. „PHOTOGRAMMETRY CASE STUDIES“. In VIRTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY. SIBERIAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/sibvirarch-005.
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Conservation of cultural heritage requires a critical understanding of the significance, condition, and complexity of a place. Documentation is an essential element in building this understanding. It is a critical component of the conservation planning process and provides a long-term foundation for the monitoring, maintenance, and management of a site. Equally important, good documentation ensures that knowledge of heritage places will be passed onto future generations. Good conservation of our cultural heritage is based on informed decisions. The information needed to make these decisions is, in part, obtained through the use of documentation and recording tools. Knowledge of these tools and their use is readily available; however, many of the decision makers are unaware, uninformed, or unconvinced of their benefits. Several reasons for this include a misunderstanding of the tools and techniques or intimidation by technology or language. There is no universally accepted definition of photogrammetry.
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Dwivedi, Vimal. „Case Studies of Contractual (Legal) Automation Using Smart Contracts“. In Construction Blockchain Conference 2021. Design Computation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/cbc.2021.eocj4680.
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Smart contracts are a key component of today’s blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored.
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Koroleva, Elena Nikolaevna, und Arina Iurevna Timofeeva. „Features of the formation of critical thinking skills in future specialists in the service economy“. In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation. Publishing house Sreda, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-104598.
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The article presents the results of an empirical study of the features of the formation of critical thinking skills in future service economics specialists - students of secondary vocational education in technical and creative specialties; it was found out whether there are significant differences between the levels of formation of the studied skills.
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Benham, N., C. Mundell und C. R. Hendy. „Parametric Studies of Bridge Specific Assessment Live Loads and Implications for Assessment“. In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.154.
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A number of UK long span suspension bridges now require routine inspection, assessment and maintenance to ensure their continued durability. The UK Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) has explicit guidance on the traffic loading for assessment lengths up to 50m, however beyond this the assumptions become conservative. In these instances, the assessment of these structures requires a Bridge Specific Assessment Live Load (BSALL) to be derived. Although a number of methodologies exist to derive BSALLs, there are several parameters that may significantly affect their results and there is little published guidance on the subject. <p> Through recent work covering the calculation of suspension bridges, Atkins have completed many parametric studies, considering different distribution methods and the relative importance of the various parameters involved. This paper discusses the above themes and outlines the advancements made by Atkins in this field, highlighting the critical parameters to consider, the advantages and limitations of the various approaches, and a recommended approach based on our findings to date.
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Raheja, Roshni. „Methodology in Accent Perception Studies: A Review“. In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.12-1.
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Research in the field of Language Attitudes and Social Perceptions have proven associations between a speaker’s accent, and listener’s perceptions of various aspects of their identity – intelligence, socio-economic background, race, region of origin, friendliness, etc. This paper seeks to critically analyze the methodology and theories in the field of accent perception through a review of existing research literature across various disciplines that have studied it. After reviewing Social Identity Theory, Prototype theory, and theories regarding Ethnolinguistic identity, it points out various knowledge gaps and limitations of methodologies previously used. It then studies the implications for future research, in various domains, proposing a new theoretical paradigm using mixed methods studies.
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Urbina, Oscar, Elisabete Teixeira, Helder Sousa und José Matos. „Risk management and criticality ranking of civil infrastructures – case study“. In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1779.
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<p>One of the most important prerequisites for the critical Infrastructure’s risk management is the study of the collateral effects between different critical Infrastructures (CI) to obtain a critical index that indicates which CI requires more effort in terms of budget and studies, i.e., ranking the criticality of the Infrastructures. Therefore, this article presents a brief literature review of the state of the art that was conducted regarding the methodologies and models for the critical infrastructure’s risk management and the importance of categorizing its level of risk and the criticality of each infrastructure. This paper consists of three main parts i) A short introduction on the background and importance of this study; ii) a brief display and explanation of the inspected methodologies for risk management and the quantification of the criticality of CI; iii) implementation of the selected methodologies applied on a case study situated in the north of Portugal applied to Fire Risk.</p>
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Jasim, Kawthar Hasan. „The Critical Care Medicine Research: A Systematic Review“. In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0205.
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Objectives: The cost-effectiveness terminology is a common term used in the critical care medicine research. A systematic review analysis was conducted to study the patterns of the use and misuse of the cost-effectiveness terminology in the critical care medicine literature between 1998 and 2018. Methods: A search in the inCite journal citation report was done to identify all the critical care medicine journals. An independednt search done to identify all the articles between 1980 to 2018 that claimed in their abstracts/article to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Eligible articles were included and analyzed using x2-test. The articles were categorized into four different levels based on the appropriateness of CEA terminology use. The analysis performed to assess the association between the appropriateness of CEA terminology and the journal impact factor (IF), author background, and the publication year (5-year time points). Results: Out of 7,835 articles in targeted subject category, 76 met the inclusion criteria, but 50 of them were analyzed. Of these 50 articles, 32 (64.0%) met the appropriate criterion of CEA terminology use. 71.4% of articles published in journals with IF: 3.0 - 21.4 were appropriately using CEA term compared to 54.5% studies that are published in journals with IF: 0.4 - 2.8. Of these articles, which are appropriately use CEA terminology, 56.2% of the articles have at least one author with health economics expertise. Conclusion and recommendation: The preliminary data suggest that there is an association between the level of appropriateness and journal impact factor and the author health-economic background authorship. However, we did not demonstrate changes in the level of appropriateness with time. Decision-makers, authors, and editors should pay better attention in seeking ways to monitor the appropriate use of “cost-effectiveness” terminology. More future studies should be done in this context.
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DeGiorgi, Virginia G., und Stephanie A. Wimmer. „Review of Sensitivity Studies for Impressed Current Cathodic Protection Systems“. In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48937.
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The Naval Research Laboratory has conducted investigations into the computational simulations of shipboard cathodic protection systems for several decades providing a scientific basis for the application of computational modeling to corrosion and signature systems. This work has expanded to other facilities and organizations, several of which are commercial in nature. However, much of the individual sensitivity studies which have led to an increased understanding of the behavior of cathodic protection systems have not had a high visibility. In this paper the authors review selected critical studies with notes towards future work. Because of their impact on modeling accuracy and means of defining components the authors have selected variations in electrolyte conductivity, damage modeling approaches, material characterization and paint characterization for review.
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Furey, Michael J., Czeslaw Kajdas, Gustavo J. Molina und Brian Vick. „A Critical Assessment of Tribopolymerization as an Antiwear Mechanism“. In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63308.
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By tribopolymerization, we mean the planned, intentional, and continuous formation of protective polymeric films on tribological surfaces by the use of minor concentrations of selected monomers capable of forming polymer films “in situ” by polycondensation or addition polymerization. The approach involves the design of molecules which will form polymeric surface films in critical regions of boundary lubrication. The concept has been shown to be effective in reducing wear with ceramics as well as metals in both liquid and vapor phase applications. The purpose of this paper is threefold, namely: 1. To review our key fundamental research on the topic of tribopolymerization, including more recent views based on measurements of triboelectron emission. 2. To summarize the applications of this concept to a variety of industrial problems, including the use of the compounds in fuels as well as in areas in which environmental issues are important. 3. To briefly outline future plans for fundamental research on tribopolymerization, including theoretical and experimental studies to examine the roles of surface temperature, triboelectron emission, and catalysis on surface polymerization.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Critical futures studies"
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De las salas, Roxana, Maira De la Asunción-Torres und Elizabeth Villarreal-Cantillo. A scoping study of the emerging definition of ‘long COVID-19’: implications for future research and clinical practice. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0122.
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Review question / Objective: To identify what definitions have been published for the term ‘long COVID’, and determine whether a unifying definition could be reached. Rationale: Clinically the definition of long COVD will have implications for guiding best practice and communication between health care professionals Establishing a review about a long COVID definition is critical as multiple COVID-19 studies are currently underway internationally, the interventions and outcomes are being defined differently, making it difficult to synthesize the emerging evidence.
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Halevy, Orna, Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni und Israel Rozenboim. Enhancement of meat production by monochromatic light stimuli during embryogenesis: effect on muscle development and post-hatch growth. United States Department of Agriculture, Juni 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586471.bard.
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The original objectives were: A. To determine the critical embryonic age for monochromatic green light stimulation. B. To follow the ontogeny of embryos exposed to monochromatic green light vs. darkness. C. To investigate the effects of monochromatic green light illumination on myoblast and fiber development in the embryo. D. To investigate the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on growth and meat production. E. To evaluate the direct effect of monochromatic green light on cultured embryonic and adult myoblasts. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of monochromatic light stimuli during incubation period of broilers on muscle development and satellite cell myogenesis. Based on previous studies (Halevy et al., 1998; Rozenboim et al., 1999) that demonstrated the positive effects of green-light illumination on body and muscle growth, we hypothesized that monochromatic light illumination accelerates embryo and muscle development and subsequently enhances muscle growth and meat production. Thus, further decreases management costs. Under the cooperation of the laboratories at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and University of Washington we have conducted the following: 1. We have established the critical stage for exposure to green monochromatic light which has the maximal effect on body and muscle growth (Objective A). We report that embryonic day 5 is optimal for starting illumination. The optimal regime of lighting that will eliminate possible heat effects was evaluated by monitoring egg core temperature at various illumination periods. We found that intermitted lighting (15 min. on; 15 min. off) is optimal to avoid heat effects. 2. We have evaluated in detail gross changes in embryo development profile associated to green light stimuli vs. darkness. In addition, we have investigated the stimulatory effect of light combinations during embryo and post-hatch periods on body and muscle growth (Objective B,D). 3. We have studied the expression profile of muscle regulatory proteins during chicken muscle cell differentiation in cultures using newly developed antibodies. This study paved the way for analyzing the expression of these proteins in our photo stimulation experiments (Objective C). 4. We have studied the pattern ofPax7 expression during myogenesis in the posthatch chicken. Experimental chick pectoralis muscles as well adult myoblast cultures were used in this study and the results led us to propose a novel model for satellite cell differentiation and renewal. 5. The effects of monochromatic green light illumination during embryogenesis have been studied. These studies focused on fetal myoblast and satellite cell proliferation and differentiation at pre- and posthatch periods and on the effects on the expression of muscle regulatory proteins which are involved in these processes. In addition, we have analyzed the effect of photo stimulation in the embryo on myofiber development at early posthatch (Objective C). 6. In follow the reviewers' comments we have not conducted Objective E. The information gathered from these studies is of utmost importance both, for understanding the molecular basis of muscle development in the posthatch chicks and for applied approach for future broiler management. Therefore, the information could be beneficial to agriculture in the short term on the one hand and to future studies on chick muscle development in the embryo and posthatch on the other hand.
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Chambers, Katherine, und Waleska Echevarria-Doyle. Applying resilience concepts to inland river system. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), Mai 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40743.
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As environmental uncertainty increases, incorporating resilience into project assessments, research recommendations, and future plans is becoming even more critical. This US Army Engineer Research and Development Center special report (SR) demonstrates how the concepts of resilience can be applied in a uniform framework and illustrates this framework through existing case studies on large inland river systems. This SR presents the concepts of resilience in inland river systems, the application of these concepts across disciplines, basic parameters of a resilience assessment, and the challenges and opportunities available for incorporating a more holistic approach to understanding resilience of the US Army Corps of Engineers mission areas on inland rivers. Finally, these concepts are demonstrated in several case studies in the United States to exemplify how these parameters have been applied to improve the overall performance of the system.
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Carty, Anthony, und Jing Gu. Theory and Practice in China’s Approaches to Multilateralism and Critical Reflections on the Western ‘Rules-Based International Order’. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Oktober 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.057.
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China is the subject of Western criticism for its supposed disregard of the rules-based international order. Such a charge implies that China is unilateralist. The aim in this study is to explain how China does in fact have a multilateral approach to international relations. China’s core idea of a community of shared future of humanity shows that it is aware of the need for a universal foundation for world order. The Research Report focuses on explaining the Chinese approach to multilateralism from its own internal perspective, with Chinese philosophy and history shaping its view of the nature of rules, rights, law, and of institutions which should shape relationships. A number of case studies show how the Chinese perspectives are implemented, such as with regards to development finance, infrastructure projects (especially the Belt and Road Initiative), shaping new international organisations (such as the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), climate change, cyber-regulation and Chinese participation in the United Nations in the field of human rights and peacekeeping. Looking at critical Western opinion of this activity, we find speculation around Chinese motives. This is why a major emphasis is placed on a hermeneutic approach to China which explains how it sees its intentions. The heart of the Research Report is an exploration of the underlying Chinese philosophy of rulemaking, undertaken in a comparative perspective to show how far it resembles or differs from the Western philosophy of rulemaking.
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Lavrentieva, Olena O., Ihor O. Arkhypov, Olexander I. Kuchma und Aleksandr D. Uchitel. Use of simulators together with virtual and augmented reality in the system of welders’ vocational training: past, present, and future. [б. в.], Februar 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3748.
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The article discusses the theory and methods of simulation training, its significance in the context of training specialists for areas where the lack of primary qualification is critical. The most widespread hardware and software solutions for the organization welders' simulation training that use VR- and AR- technologies have been analyzed. A review of the technological infrastructure and software tools for the virtual teaching-and-production laboratory of electric welding has been made on the example of the achievements of Fronius, MIMBUS, Seabery. The features of creating a virtual simulation of the welding process using modern equipment based on studies of the behavioral reactions of the welder have been shown. It is found the simulators allow not only training, but also one can build neuro-fuzzy logic and design automated and robotized welding systems. The functioning peculiarities of welding's simulators with AR have been revealed. It is shown they make it possible to ensure the forming basic qualities of a future specialist, such as concentration, accuracy and agility. The psychological and technical aspects of the coaching programs for the training and retraining of qualified welders have been illustrated. The conclusions about the significant advantages of VR- and AR-technologies in comparison with traditional ones have been made. Possible directions of the development of simulation training for welders have been revealed. Among them the AR-technologies have been presented as such that gaining wide popularity as allow to realize the idea of mass training in basic professional skills.
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Huntington, Dale. Advances and challenges in postabortion care operations research: Summary report of a global meeting. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1005.
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The Global Meeting on Postabortion Care: Advances and Challenges in Operations Research was held at the Population Council’s New York office on January 19–21, 1998, to review progress made by three regional operations research (OR) projects in improving delivery of postabortion care. The resources of the three OR contracts were pooled, and, in collaboration with Ipas and the Ebert Program, approximately 65 researchers, senior program managers, and government officials from Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia were convened. Three objectives guided the planning of the meeting: review progress in the development of OR methodologies pertaining to postabortion care, identify elements in the design of new postabortion care services, and suggest future areas for postabortion care OR. The meeting was organized around the presentation of 20 papers distributed to all participants several weeks earlier. Discussants presented critical syntheses of the papers and indicated directions for future OR studies. This report presents a summary overview of the principal themes and key points drawn from the papers and discussions, organized according to the theme of each session.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo und Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2141.
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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Asvapathanagul, Pitiporn, Leanne Deocampo und Nicholas Banuelos. Biological Hydrogen Gas Production from Food Waste as a Sustainable Fuel for Future Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, Juli 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2141.
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In the global search for the right alternative energy sources for a more sustainable future, hydrogen production has stood out as a strong contender. Hydrogen gas (H2) is well-known as one of the cleanest and most sustainable energy sources, one that mainly yields only water vapor as a byproduct. Additionally, H2 generates triple the amount of energy compared to hydrocarbon fuels. H2 can be synthesized from several technologies, but currently only 1% of H2 production is generated from biomass. Biological H2 production generated from anaerobic digestion is a fraction of the 1%. This study aims to enhance biological H2 production from anaerobic digesters by increasing H2 forming microbial abundance using batch experiments. Carbon substrate availability and conversion in the anaerobic processes were achieved by chemical oxygen demand and volatile fatty acids analysis. The capability of the matrix to neutralize acids in the reactors was assessed using alkalinity assay, and ammonium toxicity was monitored by ammonium measurements. H2 content was also investigated throughout the study. The study's results demonstrate two critical outcomes, (i) food waste as substrate yielded the highest H2 gas fraction in biogas compared to other substrates fed (primary sludge, waste activated sludge and mixed sludge with or without food waste), and (ii) under normal operating condition of anaerobic digesters, increasing hydrogen forming bacterial populations, including Clostridium spp., Lactococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. did not prolong biological H2 recovery due to H2 being taken up by other bacteria for methane (CH4) formation. Our experiment was operated under the most optimal condition for CH4 formation as suggested by wastewater operational manuals. Therefore, CH4-forming bacteria possessed more advantages than other microbial populations, including H2-forming groups, and rapidly utilized H2 prior to methane synthesis. This study demonstrates H2 energy renewed from food waste anaerobic digestion systems delivers opportunities to maximize California’s cap-and-trade program through zero carbon fuel production and utilization.
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Rafaeli, Ada, und Russell Jurenka. Molecular Characterization of PBAN G-protein Coupled Receptors in Moth Pest Species: Design of Antagonists. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7593390.bard.
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The proposed research was directed at determining the activation/binding domains and gene regulation of the PBAN-R’s thereby providing information for the design and screening of potential PBAN-R-blockers and to indicate possible ways of preventing the process from proceeding to its completion. Our specific aims included: (1) The identification of the PBAN-R binding domain by a combination of: (a) in silico modeling studies for identifying specific amino-acid side chains that are likely to be involved in binding PBAN with the receptor and; (b) bioassays to verify the modeling studies using mutant receptors, cell lines and pheromone glands (at tissue and organism levels) against selected, designed compounds to confirm if compounds are agonists or antagonists. (2) The elucidation ofthemolecular regulationmechanisms of PBAN-R by:(a) age-dependence of gene expression; (b) the effect of hormones and; (c) PBAN-R characterization in male hair-pencil complexes. Background to the topic Insects have several closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) belonging to the pyrokinin/PBAN family, one with the ligand pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide or pyrokinin-2 and another with diapause hormone or pyrokinin-1 as a ligand. We were unable to identify the diapause hormone receptor from Helicoverpa zea despite considerable effort. A third, related receptor is activated by a product of the capa gene, periviscerokinins. The pyrokinin/PBAN family of GPCRs and their ligands has been identified in various insects, such as Drosophila, several moth species, mosquitoes, Triboliumcastaneum, Apis mellifera, Nasoniavitripennis, and Acyrthosiphon pisum. Physiological functions of pyrokinin peptides include muscle contraction, whereas PBAN regulates pheromone production in moths plus other functions indicating the pleiotropic nature of these ligands. Based on the alignment of annotated genomic sequences, the primary and secondary structures of the pyrokinin/PBAN family of receptors have similarity with the corresponding structures of the capa or periviscerokinin receptors of insects and the neuromedin U receptors found in vertebrates. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements Evolutionary trace analysisof receptor extracellular domains exhibited several class-specific amino acid residues, which could indicate putative domains for activation of these receptors by ligand recognition and binding. Through site-directed point mutations, the 3rd extracellular domain of PBAN-R was shown to be critical for ligand selection. We identified three receptors that belong to the PBAN family of GPCRs and a partial sequence for the periviscerokinin receptor from the European corn borer, Ostrinianubilalis. Functional expression studies confirmed that only the C-variant of the PBAN-R is active. We identified a non-peptide agonist that will activate the PBAN-receptor from H. zea. We determined that there is transcriptional control of the PBAN-R in two moth species during the development of the pupa to adult, and we demonstrated that this transcriptional regulation is independent of juvenile hormone biosynthesis. This transcriptional control also occurs in male hair-pencil gland complexes of both moth species indicating a regulatory role for PBAN in males. Ultimate confirmation for PBAN's function in the male tissue was revealed through knockdown of the PBAN-R using RNAi-mediated gene-silencing. Implications, both scientific and agricultural The identification of a non-peptide agonist can be exploited in the future for the design of additional compounds that will activate the receptor and to elucidate the binding properties of this receptor. The increase in expression levels of the PBAN-R transcript was delineated to occur at a critical period of 5 hours post-eclosion and its regulation can now be studied. The mysterious role of PBAN in the males was elucidated by using a combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular genetics techniques.
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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu und Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Oktober 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.
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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.