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1
Medvedeva, Sofia. „Natural Diversity of CRISPR Spacers“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS538.
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Le système CRISPR-Cas est un système immunitaire procaryote de type interférence ARN dirigé contre des éléments génétiques mobiles, tels que les virus et les plasmides. Le système consiste en un ou plusieurs loci CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; courtes répétitions palindromiques groupées et régulièrement espacées) associés à des protéines Cas (CRISPR-associated proteins) dont ils sont séparés par une séquence dite leader. Toutes les protéines Cas peuvent être fonctionnellement attribuées à des modules d'adaptation, d'expression et d'interférence. L’analyse des spacers CRISPR est une précieuse source d’informations sur les interactions virus-hôte, puisqu’ils correspondent à de courts fragments d’ADN de virus précédemment rencontrés et « enregistrés » dans les loci CRISPR. La comparaison des spacers environnementaux les uns avec les autres et avec des spacers de bases de données ainsi que des séquences de virus nous a permis de tirer plusieurs conclusions : 1) Une dynamique à long terme des spacers CRISPR I-E de E. coli a été étudiée en comparant la diversité des spacers dans les génomes publiés d'E. coli avec des spacers amplifiés à partir du contenu intestinal de mammouth. 2) Les spacers du CRISPRome des communautés naturelles de Thermus, Sulfolobus et Flavobacteries ciblent de préférence des virus isolés de la même source, avec différents systèmes CRISPR-Cas ciblant différents virus. 3) Les données CRISPRome de Flavobacterium et Sulfolobus (Chapitres II et IV) montrent un schéma phylogéographiqueCRISPR-Cas is a prokaryotic immunity system against mobile genetic elements, such as viruses and plasmids. The system consists of two components: the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas). In the CRISPR array, short fragments of foreign DNA, called spacers, are interleaved with palindromic repeats. During the adaptation stage of the CRISPR-Cas immunity, new spacers are inserted into the CRISPR array, whereas during the expression and interference stages, spacers are transcribed, processed and complexed with Cas proteins to target the complementary foreign DNA or RNA molecules for degradation. Analysis of CRISPR spacers is a valuable source of information about virus-host interactions, particularly powerful when applied to metagenomic data. In this work, we explored the diversity of CRISPR spacers in different natural prokaryotic communities, including extinct Escherichia coli community from a mammoth intestine, Flavobacterium communities from Antarctic surface snow, Thermus communities from four distant hot springs in Italy and Chile, and Sulfolobales community from a Japanese thermal field. The comparison of obtained environmental spacer sets with each other and with spacers from public databases as well as with sequences of viruses allowed us to reach several non-trivial conclusions and to gain insights into virus-host and virus-virus interactions in natural microbial communities
2
Vyhovskyi, Danylo. „In vivo studies of CRISPR adaptation mechanism and specificity“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS729.
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Cette thèse examine les mécanismes de l'immunité adaptative CRISPR-Cas chez les procaryotes, en utilisant principalement le système de type I-E chez Escherichia coli, en se concentrant sur le processus d'acquisition de spacers et la spécificité du système. Elle éclaire la dynamique de génération de spacers et leur intégration dans les CRISPR-arrays, en comparant les modes d'adaptation naïve et primed. L'étude révèle qu'une séquence proximale à un PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) particulier entrave l'acquisition de spacers en mode primed, fournissant un identifiant distinct pour les spacers acquis naturellement. L'étude révèle en outre le rôle des enzymes non-Cas, liées aux voies de réparation de l'ADN, dans la génération et le traitement des spacers, contribuant à l'adaptation et à l'interférence du CRISPR.Un autre volet de l'étude identifie les dangers potentiels posés par les effets hors cible causés par l'enzyme guidée par l'ARN Cas9 (dCas9) qui peut inadvertamment réduire au silence les gènes. Cela se produit lorsqu'il y a une correspondance minimale de seulement quatre nucléotides entre l'ARNg et la cible à l'intérieur de la séquence proximale du PAM, soulignant la nécessité d'une conception expérimentale soigneuse dans la recherche CRISPR-Cas. Dans l'ensemble, la thèse élargit la compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires complexes derrière l'adaptation du CRISPR, soulignant le rôle des protéines non-Cas et l'importance d'un contexte génétique spécifique des séquences proximales à un PAM, conduisant au développement d'outils de génie génétique plus précis et efficacesThis thesis investigates the mechanisms of the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity in prokaryotes, primarily using the type I-E system in Escherichia coli, focusing on the spacer acquisition process and the system's specificity. It sheds light on the dynamics of spacers generation and integration into CRISPR arrays, comparing naive and primed adaptation modes. The study reveals that a particular PAM (protospacer adjacent motif) - proximal sequence impedes spacer acquisition in the primed mode, providing a distinct identifier for naturally acquired spacers. The study further reveals the role of non-Cas enzymes, linked to DNA repair pathways, in spacer generation and processing, contributing to CRISPR adaptation and interference.Another course of the study identifies potential hazards posed by off-target effects caused by Cas9 (dCas9) RNA-guided enzyme that can inadvertently silence genes. This occurs when there's a minimal match of just four nucleotides between the gRNA and the target within the PAM-proximal sequence, emphasizing the need for careful experimental design in CRISPR-Cas research.Overall, the thesis expands understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms behind CRISPR adaptation, highlighting the role of non-Cas proteins and the significance of a specific genetic context of seed sequences, leading to the development of more precise and efficient genetic engineering tools
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Jacot-Guillarmod, Paul. „Sobriety of crisp and fuzzy topological spaces“. Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005228.
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The objective of this thesis is a survey of crisp and fuzzy sober topological spaces. We begin by examining sobriety of crisp topological spaces. We then extend this to the L- topological case and obtain analogous results and characterizations to those of the crisp case. We then brie y examine semi-sobriety of (L;M)-topological spaces.
4
Stens, Cassandra, Isabella Enoksson und Sara Berggren. „The CRISPR-Cas system“. Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171997.
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Derived from and inspired by the adaptive immune system of bacteria, CRISPR has gone from basic biology knowledge to a revolutionizing biotechnological tool, applicable in many research areas such as medicine, industry and agriculture. The full mechanism of CRISPR-Cas9 was first published in 2012 and various CRISPR-Cas systems have already passed the first stages of clinical trials as new gene therapies. The immense research has resulted in continuously growing knowledge of CRISPR systems and the technique seems to have the potential to greatly impact all life on our planet. Therefore, this literature study aims to thoroughly describe the CRISPR-Cas system, and further suggest an undergraduate laboratory exercise involving gene editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 tool. In this paper, we describe the fundamental technical background of the CRISPR-Cas system, especially emphasizing the most studied CRISPR-Cas9 system, its development and applications areas, as well as highlighting its current limitations and ethical concerns. The history of genetic engineering and the discovery of the CRISPR system is also described, along with a comparison with other established gene editing techniques. This study concludes that a deeper knowledge about CRISPR is important and required since the technique is applicable in many research areas. A laboratory exercise will not only inspire but also provide extended theoretical and practical knowledge for undergraduate students.
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Wong, Shi Pey. „Analysis of the adaptation mechanism in the type II-A CRISPR-Cas system“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19806.
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Das RNA-guided adaptive Immunsystem CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) immunisiert prokaryotische Zellen gegenüber mobilen genetischen Elementen (MGEs). Bei der Adaption wird eine kurze Nukleinsäurensequenz (prespacer) von den MGEs gewonnen, verarbeitet und schließlich als spacer in das CRISPR-Array integriert. Cas1 und Cas2, die Hauptbestandteile der Adaption, bilden einen Integrase-Komplex, welcher neue spacer in das CRISPR-Array integriert. Der molekulare Mechanismus für die Adaptiondes Typ II-A Systems, welches cas9, cas1, cas2, csn2 und tracrRNA codiert, ist bis heute nicht vollständig verstanden. Daher untersuchten wir die Anforderungen der verschiedenen Cas-Proteine für den Adaptionsprozess.
Wir verifizierten die Adaptions-Aktivität von Typ II-A Systemen des Streptococcus thermophilus LMD-9 anhand von Adaptionsstudien nach Phagen-Infektion. Dabei beobachteten wir höhere Akquisitionsraten im CRISPR3-Lokus im Vergleich zum CRISPR1-Lokus. Unsere Plasmid-basierte Adaptionsstudie bestätigte die Notwendigkeit von Cas9, zusätzlich zu Cas1, Cas2 und Csn2 bei der Adaption. Der yeast two-hybrid und der pull-down Ansatz zeigten sowohl spezifische Interaktionen zwischen den Cas-Proteinen, als auch Interaktionen zwischen Cas-Proteinen sowie DNA-Reparatur Proteinen. Die Regionen der Cas1 und Cas9 Interaktion wurden durch SPOT peptide assay identifiziert. Zusammenfassend weist unsere Studie darauf hin, dass Cas-Proteine sowohl mit Proteinen innerhalb, als auch außerhalb des CRISPR-Cas Systems interagieren, und bietet somit eine Basis für die Erforschung der möglichen Funktionen von DNA-Reparatur Proteinen in CRISPR-Cas Systemen und vice versa.The RNA guided adaptive immune system CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) Cas (CRISPR-associated) immunizes prokaryotic cells against mobile genetic elements (MGEs). During spacer acquisition stage, a short nucleic acid sequence (prespacer) is acquired from the MGEs, processed and finally integrated into the CRISPR array as a spacer, which serves as genetic memory to defend against the invasion of the cognate MGEs. The molecular mechanism for the spacer acquisition of the type II A systems, which encode cas9, cas1, cas2, csn2 and tracrRNA, is still not fully understood. Therefore, we investigated the requirement of the different Cas proteins for spacer acquisition. We verified the acquisition activity of the type II A systems of Streptococcus thermophilus LMD 9 via spacer acquisition studies by phage challenge. We observed higher acquisition rates in the CRISPR3 locus compared to the CRISPR1 locus. Our plasmid-based spacer acquisition study confirmed in addition to Cas1, Cas2 and Csn2 the requirement of Cas9 for spacer acquisition. Yeast two hybrid and pull down approaches revealed specific interactions among the Cas proteins, as well as interactions between Cas and DNA repair proteins. The interaction regions of Cas1 with Cas9 were identified by SPOT peptide assay. Altogether, our study suggests that Cas proteins interact with proteins within and beyond the CRISPR Cas systems, and it provides a basis for the investigation of the potential roles of DNA repair proteins in the CRISPR Cas systems and/or vice versa.
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Hille, Frank [Verfasser]. „Investigation of Spacer Acquisition Mechanisms in Type V-A CRISPR-Cas Systems / Frank Hille“. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1215570341/34.
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Ribeiro, Mateus Cotta. „A reprodução crítica do espaço na porção meridional da Serra do Espinhaço de Minas Gerais: modernização do espaço e crise da sociedade do trabalho“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-15012016-135253/.
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Este estudo é sobre as transformações vividas pelos indivíduos na porção meridional da Serra do Espinhaço do estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Estas transformações se manifestam aparentemente como uma expansão da indústria do turismo. Porém, na realidade elas são expressão das determinações impostas ali pela crise da sociedade do trabalho.This study deals with the social changes experienced by people from the southern area of Serra do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil. These changes are related to the increase of the tourism industry however they are determined by crise o work society reproduction.
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Cruz, Murilo Medici Navarro da. „Estado, espaço e acumulação na crise contemporânea“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-20062007-153251/.
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Este trabalho parte de uma questão posta pela realidade atual: a crise econômica mundial, percebida principalmente no que vem se denominando de financeirização da economia e, conjuntamente a esta crise, aquela do Estado nacional, ambas vistas na perspetiva mundial e, igualmente, na brasileira. Não há, no entanto, o objetivo aqui de se fazer um tratamento histórico ou puramente econômico do problema. Ao invés disso, o que se verá está mais próximo de um exercício teórico e analítico. Este se constitui, em primeiro lugar, de uma discussão aprofundada sobre os fundamentos da economia capitalista que, segundo se entende, são também os fundamentos da crise econômica atual. Em segundo lugar, para se refletir tanto sobre a crise econômica como sobre a política fazse uma reflexão sobre a produção do espaço e o papel do Estado no conjunto da sociedade capitalista. Em terceiro lugar, a conjunção entre o Estado e o capital se mostra identificável na análise do território nacional e seus fundamentos. Por último, o problema da crise atual é posto por meio de uma crítica à idéia de desterritorialização, crítica esta que leva à formulação da hipótese de uma territorialização abstrata, que seria característica da própria crise.This work starts from a matter put by the current reality: The world economic crisis, specially seem on what has been denominated \"money predomination economy\" and, along with the crisis, the one of national State, both seen under the world\'s perspective and, equally, the Brazilian perspective. Nevertheless, this work does not intend, herein, to give a historical or purely economic treatment of the problem. Instead, what you will see is closer to an analytical and theoretical exercise. This work constitutes, firstly, of a deep discussion about the basis of capital economy which, according to what is understood, also are the basis of the current economic crisis. Secondly, to reflect about the economic crisis as much as politics, is necessary to reflect about the production of space and the State\'s role within the capitalist society. And thirdly, the union between the State and the capital shows itself identifiable on the national territory analysis along with your basis. Last but not least, the current crisis problem is put through a criticism to the lack of focusing the capital on a specific market, criticism that takes us to formulate the hypothesis of an abstract investment of capital, which would be a characteristic of the crisis itself.
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Philipp, Carolin [Verfasser]. „Spaces of Resistance – Framing Crisis and Activism in Athens / Carolin Philipp“. Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1155948718/34.
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10
Kreston, Nicholas Alexander. „Post-Keynesian financial spaces, places, and flows : geographies of finance and financial crisis“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3ea77af2-650c-456a-a4c2-5ee67c83d293.
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This dissertation is a reaction to the public policy failures that culminated in, prolonged, and exacerbated the 2008 financial crisis in the United States. Between the winter of 2007 and the summer of 2009, the US private economy contracted severely. As of the summer of 2014, after a five-year recovery period, employment losses have been restored, but employment growth has not returned the US to its pre-crisis trend. This outcome is not the effect of a transient deviation that regularly happens as the economy moves through the business cycle; nor should the troubles in the US financial sector appear historically anomalous. The world's premier capitalist economy is prone to bouts of financial dysfunction. This feature is not simply a matter of the irrational exuberance of its investors, the euphoria of its speculators, or the folly of its bankers. I argue here that political-economic choices structure the distribution of financial crises at multiple scales. Broadly speaking, I find that the effects of financial crises on growth are uneven, affected by institutional structure, and carry important ramifications for the direction of change in the provision of financial services and its regulatory system. The thesis features four empirical chapters. In the first, I perform an econometric analysis of the effects of a wide variety of financial crises on employment growth by economic sector, for a sample of countries over a thirty-year period. The final three chapters are a case study of the US experience with the 2008 banking crisis and asset market crash, focusing on the role of the banking regulatory system in allocating losses over territory, on the economic performance of metropolitan areas, and on the distribution of losses within the financial sector in two major financial centers, Los Angeles and San Francisco. I reach my conclusions by using standard methodological tools within the sub-field of economic-geography and conceptual insights from the sub-field of financial-geography.
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Amlinger, Lina. „The type I-E CRISPR-Cas system : Biology and applications of an adaptive immune system in bacteria“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Mikrobiologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312234.
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CRISPR-Cas systems are adaptive immune systems in bacteria and archaea, consisting of a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) array and CRISPR associated (Cas) proteins. In this work, the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system of Escherichia coli was studied. CRISPR-Cas immunity is divided into three stages. In the first stage, adaptation, Cas1 and Cas2 store memory of invaders in the CRISPR array as short intervening sequences, called spacers. During the expression stage, the array is transcribed, and subsequently processed into small CRISPR RNAs (crRNA), each consisting of one spacer and one repeat. The crRNAs are bound by the Cascade multi-protein complex. During the interference step, Cascade searches for DNA molecules complementary to the crRNA spacer. When a match is found, the target DNA is degraded by the recruited Cas3 nuclease. Host factors required for integration of new spacers into the CRISPR array were first investigated. Deleting recD, involved in DNA repair, abolished memory formation by reducing the concentration of the Cas1-Cas2 expression plasmid, leading to decreased amounts of Cas1 to levels likely insufficient for spacer integration. Deletion of RecD has an indirect effect on adaptation. To facilitate detection of adaptation, a sensitive fluorescent reporter was developed where an out-of-frame yfp reporter gene is moved into frame when a new spacer is integrated, enabling fluorescent detection of adaptation. Integration can be detected in single cells by a variety of fluorescence-based methods. A second aspect of this thesis aimed at investigating spacer elements affecting target interference. Spacers with predicted secondary structures in the crRNA impaired the ability of the CRISPR-Cas system to prevent transformation of targeted plasmids. Lastly, in absence of Cas3, Cascade was successfully used to inhibit transcription of specific genes by preventing RNA polymerase access to the promoter. The CRISPR-Cas field has seen rapid development since the first demonstration of immunity almost ten years ago. However, much research remains to fully understand these interesting adaptive immune systems and the research presented here increases our understanding of the type I-E CRISPR-Cas system.
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Kennedy, Ian. „THE SPUTNIK CRISIS AND AMERICA'S RESPONSE“. Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3866.
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On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the world's first artificial satellite, and the Space Age had arrived. While not an American achievement, Sputnik stands as a significant juncture in United States history. This thesis explores the resulting American political crisis, its development in the final three months of 1957, and the impact Sputnik had on American life. The thesis also examines the social and political context of the Sputnik crisis and will challenge some long-standing analysis of how America's reaction to the Soviet satellite developed. To accomplish this task, it was necessary to consult both primary and secondary sources. Important primary sources include government documents from both the Legislative and Executive Branches of the United States Government, attained from both printed volumes and online archives. The memoirs of key individuals also shed light on the mindset of prominent politicians and policymakers of the period. Newspapers and magazines from the era were examined to explore the media and public reaction to the Sputnik Crisis and related events. Secondary sources are used as both avenues of information and theory regarding the events, and also for the purposes of examining the consensus of others who have explored this topic. The topics covered in the thesis include the flow of events before, during, and after the Sputnik Crisis of 1957; analysis of contextual issues such as missile and satellite development and American culture of the period; and analysis of how the Sputnik Crisis unfolded and how this impacted American culture and national policy.M.A.
Department of History
Arts and Sciences
History
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Kermanian, Sara. „Creation of subjectivity in spaces of crisis : a case study in Daneshjoo Park, Tehran, Iran“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46918.
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Public spaces are known to be spaces of social interaction, communication, or public actions. However, many of the public spaces involved in the current unrests in the Middle East, were spaces of crisis before they turned into spaces of revolution or civil war. In this research, I examine the role of public spaces in their condition of crisis on the creation of the subjectivity of their constituents and the limits and possibilities of these spaces for the formation of critical moments of thinking.
I explore the answers of my questions through the ethnographic study of one example of spaces of crisis: Daneshjoo Park in Tehran. The data I use mainly comes from my personal observations and dialogues with constituents of the park during the seven years of my using the park from 2005 to 2012. Other sources of information include people's memories or comments about the park published on their weblogs or Facebook, maps, urban policies, the penal code of the Islamic Republic and public media.
The result of this research shows that political power’s way for using spaces of crisis to manipulate people’s subjectivity passes through the hierarchy of identities. It also shows that the diversity of spatial experiences that forms in the condition of crisis can lead to the formation of “involuntary moments of thinking” and break the boundaries of subjectification.
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Pollinger, Maegan. „PLANTING SEEDS OF CHANGE: GARDEN SPACES AND THE SURVIVAL OF HISTORIC HOUSE MUSEUMS IN CRISIS“. Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/442350.
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HistoryM.A.
This study explores the use of gardens and agricultural spaces at historic house museums, and the potential these spaces have for supporting positive change. At the turn of the twenty-first century, house museums grappled with a crisis of limited funding and ever shrinking visitor capacity, which continues to affect the success of these spaces today. I argue that garden spaces can provide interpretive revitalization, community relevancy, and increased income for historic house museums that can positively support a house museum. By surveying house museums throughout New Jersey and Pennsylvania, I show that garden spaces provide a tool for house museums to gain stability amidst crisis.
Temple University--Theses
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Edgren, Oskar. „Public Execution and the Symbolism of Urban Space in Florence’s Crisis“. Thesis, Department of History, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18261.
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This thesis examines the Florentine Grand Council’s use of public execution to demonstrate political power in the crisis of 1494-1512. Using the example of Antonio Rinaldeschi’s execution for blasphemy in 1501, it explores how the Council appropriated humanist and republican symbolism and urban space to tighten their grip on the increasingly unstable and fractured republic.
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Tumarkin, Maria M. „Secret life of wounded spaces : traumascapes in the contemporary Australia /“. Connect to thesis, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000329.
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Shapiro, Nicholas Edward. „Spaces of uneventful disaster : tracking emergency housing and domestic chemical exposures from New Orleans to national crises“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b42720e6-185b-492b-a83b-aea9de773cd7.
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In this thesis, I examine the politics, poetics, and logics of uneventful human harm in the United States by tracking the life and afterlife of a chemically contaminated emergency housing unit. In 2005, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) deployed 120,000 trailers to the US Gulf Coast to house those displaced by Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Chemical testing, spurred by reports of inhabitant illness, revealed elevated levels of formaldehyde emanating from the plywood walls of the trailers. After being reclaimed by the federal government and beginning in 2010, the FEMA trailers were resold at auction to every corner of the country. Resold trailers gravitated to precarious populations at the poles of rural capital accumulation—from oil patches in North Dakota to reservations in Washington. These trailers serve as an exceptional substrate for an investigation into the anatomy of the uneventful as they once approached the apex of eventfulness as a national controversy and now reside in the shadows of the everyday. This thesis apprehends and theorizes these dispersed and ordinary instruments of domestic harm across multiple registers: epistemological, material, spatial, and affective. I examine how failures of matter and meaning shaped and patterned the lives of those who inhabited the FEMA trailers as their lives became framed by chemical off-gassing, architectural insufficiency, material deterioration, and electrical short-circuiting. Crossing scales and venues, I interrogate the modalities of scientific incomprehension that erode the perception, admittance, or substantiation of mass chemical exposure. These technical processes, along with cultural horizons of eventfulness and the chronicity of disaster, foreclosed avenues of toxic harm accountability. These ‘economies of abandonment’ bring into relief the contemporary biopolitical priorities in which the FEMA trailer—an ostensible protection from harm that fosters illness—becomes possible. FEMA trailer residents attend to the minute, gradual, and ongoing symptoms of exposure to discern the reality and magnitude of residential contamination. The body of the exposed becomes both an epistemic instrument and, across time, the means of making low-level, chronic, and cruddy chemical exposures into eventful instances that drive individuals to action.
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Chiapetti, Jorge. „O uso corporativo do território brasileiro e o processo de formação de um espaço derivado : transformações e permanências na região cacaueira da Bahia /“. Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104368.
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Orientador: Samira Peduti KahilBanca: Eduardo Yázigi
Banca: Mónica Arroyo
Banca: Márcio Antônio Cataia
Banca: Ricardo Mendes Antas Jr.
Resumo: Este trabalho tem a preocupação de demonstrar como, histórica e geograficamente, a formação socioespacial da Região Cacaueira, no Sul da Bahia, se processa de forma derivada, exatamente do uso corporativo e seletivo do território brasileiro. Discutimos a crise da produção de cacau, mais especificamente o caráter multidimensional das transformações ocorridas na região, decorrentes do processo de globalização. A partir desta análise, mostramos que o movimento de reestruturação produtiva no lugar se vincula ao desenvolvimento do modo capitalista de produção, o qual cria e recria mecanismos ideológicos de crenças na modernização que, afinal, garantem a sua própria reprodução.
Abstract: This paper aims to demonstrate how the socio-spatial formation of the Cocoa Region in the South of Bahia State is historically and geographically derivate from the corporative and selective use of the Brazilian territory. We discuss the crisis in cocoa production, more specifically the multidimensional aspect f the transformations occurred in the region due to the globalization process. Based on this analysis we demonstrate that the productive restructuration in the place is linked to the development of the capitalist way of production which creates and recreates ideological mechanisms of beliefs in the modernization that, eventually, guarantee its own reproduction.
Doutor
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Bos, Petrus Lucian Johannes. „Crisis management in a crowded humanitarian space : the politics of hosting refugee influxes /“. [S.l.] : The Swedish national defence college, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40079192v.
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Gkresta, Maria. „State, space and security : the treatment of deviant groups in times of crisis“. Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2013. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/122/1/Gkresta_phdthesis.pdf.
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The project explores the spatial strategies employed by
the state during the ongoing financial crisis in regards
to the treatment of perceived as deviant groups in Cluj-
Napoca, Budapest and Athens. In the current context,
groups such as the Roma, the homeless and seropositive
women face extreme discrimination and are pushed in
the margins of the society. An interpretative approach is
adopted in order to steer the thesis towards a critical
assessment of the everyday practices of the state and its
apparatuses, as well as towards an analysis of the
discourses that legitimate these practices. In the process
of securitizing and excluding deviant groups, certain
spaces become the targets of preferential investments in
built environment and infrastructure, while others
become stigmatized and criminalized. The three cases
outlined show three stages of this differentiation, in
which deviant groups play the key role. The case of Cluj
illustrates a strict dichotomy between the city and the
periphery, where Roma people are exiled.In Budapest,
the entire territory of the city can be seen as a
patchwork of centres and marginal areas, where
homeless people are banned in certain spaces, but
tacitly allowed in others. Finally, in the case of the
seropositive women, it is argued thatin Athens there are
no spaces relegated to deviance,just as there are no
spaces that are completely purified of it. Instead, deviance is ubiquitous, through the creation of an
overarching discursive climate.
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Raulino, Ivo. „Crise e reestruturação produtiva na grande empresa têxtil do médio vale do Itajaí“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-19012009-163357/.
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Após o período de abertura comercial ocorrido a partir de 1990, tem-se observado um amplo movimento de reestruturação produtiva no país, com implicações econômicas, sociais e espaciais. No Médio Vale do Itajaí, estas modificações também vêm sendo observadas. Desta forma, a pesquisa procurou detectar as causas, avaliar as conseqüências, principalmente do ponto de vista de uma nova organização produtiva do espaço. Como agente principal desse processo, considerou-se a grande empresa têxtil. Para tanto, procedeu-se a um amplo levantamento de informações junto as principais empresas têxteis e do vestuário da região em consideração, que posteriormente foram agregadas com o intuito de permitir estabelecer algumas conclusões, a respeito do que efetivamente vinha ocorrendo. Além disso, análises considerando-se as grandes empresas também foram realizadas. Dentre as principais informações que se levantou estão a produção individual das empresas, que foram agregas, dados referente aos níveis de empregos, exportações, importações, etc. Além das informações de natureza quantitativa, procurou-se também levantar informações de natureza qualitativa, que devidamente consideradas, permitiram estabelecer as causas determinantes do processo de reestruturação produtiva observado na região. Como ponto de partida do processo de mudanças no cotidiano das grandes empresas, contestou-se a tese que atribuía a abertura comercial papel preponderante como nas transformações espaciais e econômicas que ocorreram na região. Propõe-se uma análise considerando-se a queda da rentabilidade do capital como causa determinante do processo. Desta forma, dado a natureza do tipo de atividade, ou seja, a têxtil vestuarista, constatou-se de que o processo de reestruturação, além de implicar em fortes investimentos tecnológicos, envolveu também a desverticalizaçao da produção, na sua forma de terceirização, implicando, portanto, numa dimensão espacial do processo. Além de forte desemprego num primeiro momento, fruto de uma reorganização da produção em nível de cada empresa, houve também desativações de linhas de produtos, criação de novos produtos, bem como uma forte flexibilização das relações capital trabalho, com implicações significativas sobre os salários pagos na região. Após esse amplo ajuste ocorrido, verificou-se um crescimento ainda maior nos níveis de produção, não obstante as importações ainda estivessem ocorrendo, apontando claramente de que o processo não tinha nenhuma correlação. Paralelamente a uma maior introdução de novas tecnologias, na sua forma de máquinas e equipamentos mais modernos, observa-se também o resgate de antigas formas de organização da produção, como o trabalho a domicilio, evidenciando que o processo de modernização, neste caso em particular, não pode prescindir de utilizar-se de expedientes que já eram considerados como arcaicos, ultrapassados. O capital, na sua busca por intensificar a mais valia, visando ampliar a acumulação, não deixa de recorrer a antigas técnicas e expedientes quando lhe for conveniente. Diante disto, o fenômeno da reestruturação produtiva ocorrido na região implicou numa ampla reestruturação do espaço, incorporando, via forte terceirização de partes do processo, principalmente a parte de costura, novas regiões produtivas, algumas das quais muito distantes do Médio vale do Itajaí.After the commercial opening period in the 1990s, it was noticed a wide movement to restructure production in the country that brought implications to the economic, social and space fields. In the Médio Vale of Itajaí this modifications have also been observed mainly from a point of view of a new spatial productive organization. The big textile business is considered the main agent of this process. A broad survey was carried on in order to get information from the main clothing and textile companies from this region. Besides that, analyses of the big companies were also done. Among the most important information taken it can be seen individual production of the companies as well as data related to the levels of job, imports, exports, etc. Quantitative and qualitative information were used which allowed establishing the determinant causes of the process of productive restructure observed in the region. As a starting point of the changing process in the routine of the big companies, the thesis that the commercial opening played a preponderant role in the spatial and economic transformations of the region was contested. An analyses considering the fall of the capital profitability as a determinant cause of the process was instead proposed. This way, given the nature of this kind of activity, clothing textile, it was observed that the restructure process, besides leading to significant technological investments, involved also the desverticalization of the production, which means outsourcing, influencing, therefore, the spatial dimension of the process. As a result, unemployment could be seen, because of the production reorganization of each company as well as the cutting of some production lines, the creation of new products, and a strong flexibilization of the capital-work relations, with significant implications over the region salaries. After this broad adjustment, a bigger grow in the level of production was verified, although the imports were still present, pointing clearly to the fact that the process had no correlation. Parallel to a bigger introduction of new technologies, in the form of more modern machinery and equipment, it was observed the return to old ways of organization production, as the work at home, fact that put into evidence that the modernization process, in this specific case, cannot avoid using devices considered old-fashioned. The capital, in its search for intensifying the best value, focusing in broadening the accumulation, uses old techniques and devices whenever convenient. Thus the productive restructure of the region implied in a wide spatial restructuration, with the outsourcing of some parts of the process, mainly sewing, new productive regions, including some of them far from the Médio Vale do Itajaí.
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Milkeviciute, Agne. „Crisis of Window. Lost Purpose of Daylight Opening“. Thesis, KTH, Ljusdesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232458.
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This thesis concentrates on problematic field of architectural education and practice related to window role. Phenomena of window loosing it’s primary functional purpose [inside-outside connection in terms of view and daylight] and becoming more decorative element of the facade. This paper content consists of analysis of case studies by evaluating window provided light and view qualities using qualitative and quantitative methods in chosen office buildings. Analysis and results are followed by the discussion of window role oppositions between architect’s and user’s perspective together with secondary topics coming out of it. As the result of analysis and discussion - guidelines for window design are suggested and conclusive experiment of their customization is demonstrated. This thesis concentrates on awareness of window identity crisis as well as examine and provide simple manners, which can increase quality of daylight and view through the openings in architectural planning.
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Coelho, Luís Miguel Carvalhais Figueiredo Borges. „Alexander Scriabin: the definition of a new sound space in the crisis of tonality“. Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19157.
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This dissertation describes the new compositional system introduced by Scriabin in 1909–
1910, focusing on Feuillet d’Album op. 58, Poème op. 59, nº1, Prélude op. 59, nº2 and Promethée op.
60. Based upon exhaustive pitch and formal analysis the present study (a) claims the inexistence of
non-functional pitches in all analysed works, (b) shows that transpositional procedures have structural
consequences on the “basic chord”, and (c) for the first time advances an explanation on the intrinsic
relation between the sonata form and the slow Luce line in Promethée op. 60; RESUMO:
Sob o título de “Alexander Scriabin: a definição dum novo espaço sonoro na crise da
Tonalidade”, a presente tese descreve o novo sistema compositivo introduzido por Scriabin em 1909–
1910, tomando como ponto de partida o estudo de Feuillet d’Album op. 58, Poème op. 59, nº1,
Prélude op. 59, nº2 e Promethée op. 60. Baseando-se numa análise exaustiva das alturas e da forma,
este estudo (a) conclui pela inexistência de alturas não funcionais em qualquer das obras analisadas,
(b) mostra que os procedimentos transpositivos têm consequências estruturais no “acorde básico”, e
(c) pela primeira vez explica a estrutura formal de Promethée op. 60 a partir da relação intrínseca entre
a sua forma sonata e a linha lenta de Luce.
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James, Eric Preston Richardson Brian K. „A case study of NASA's Columbia tragedy an organizational learning and sensemaking approach to organizational crisis /“. [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-5161.
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Stacul, Juan Filipe. „Além do espectro: A crise da identidade masculina em Limite branco, de Caio Fernando Abreu“. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4853.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-15In the present work I intend to discuss the construction of subjectivity in relation to gender categories, in especial the male case, in Caio Fernando Abreu s first novel Limite branco (1970). Even though it is a text of juvenilia, I believe it already presents elements which will be manifested later in the writer's literary creation, that will carry out the task of destabilizing social conventions. Nurturing itself from a subversive appropriation of the Bildungsroman, or novel of formation, Abreu undertakes a critique of normative models of his time through the young protagonist s point-of-view to be gradually dismantled along the last decades. Thus, the process of maturation of the protagonist of the narrative, takes us to face a fluidity that puts at stake the notions of what is traditionally taken into account as appropriate to the individual. Among relevant analysis operators it is also highlighted the relationship between subject and space. I believe that the learning or un-learning process as proposed here structures itself based upon the interaction/estrangement between man and its social environment, taken either as refuge, or a possible trap in the hands of power. As theoretical guidance, studies on the displacement of the contemporary subject (Hall, Bauman), on gender studies (Foucault, Butler, Lauretis), and on men's studies in particular (Badinter, Nolasco, Sedgwick), sustain the discussions here raised.
No presente trabalho, pretendemos discutir a construção da subjetividade e sua relação com as categorias de gênero, em especial, o caso do masculino no romance Limite branco (1970), de Caio Fernando Abreu. Acreditamos que, embora se trate de um texto de juvenília, sendo seu primeiro romance, este já abrigue elementos que se manifestarão mais tarde na criação literária do escritor, enquanto veiculadores de uma proposta desestabilizadora de convenções sociais. Nutrindo-se de uma apropriação subversiva do Bildungsroman, ou seja, do romance de formação, através do ponto de vista do jovem protagonista da narrativa, Abreu empreende uma crítica sutil dos modelos normativos vigentes em sua época, a serem passo a passo desmantelados ao longo das últimas décadas. Dessa forma, o processo de amadurecimento da personagem nos leva a uma fluidez que coloca em xeque as noções do que se concebe, tradicionalmente, enquanto próprias do indivíduo. Destacamos, também, como importante operador de análise, a relação entre sujeito e espaço. Acreditamos que a aprendizagem, ou des-aprendizagem , conforme propomos, se estrutura a partir da interação/estranhamento do indivíduo para com o ambiente em que vive, o qual se revela ora como refúgio, ora como uma das armadilhas do poder. Enquanto referencial teórico, reflexões sobre o deslocamento do sujeito contemporâneo (Hall, Bauman), sobre os estudos de gênero (Foucault, Butler, Lauretis), e, dentre esses, as levantadas pelos men s studies (Badinter, Nolasco, Sedgwick), amparam as discussões aqui levantadas.
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STOGIANNIS, ALEXANDROS. „THESSALONICATION : Reclaiming public space in a city where car dependency is shrinking“. Thesis, KTH, Stadsbyggnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124536.
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Egner, Justine E. „An Intersectional Examination of Disability and LGBTQ+ Identities In Virtual Spaces“. Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7149.
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This dissertation is a multi-methodological project that examines the experiences of being both LGBTQ+ and disabled from an intersectional perspective through narratives constructed in virtual spaces. In this project, I address the question ‘how do individuals who identify as both disabled/chronically ill and LGBTQ+ negotiate these often contradictory identities?’ I also complexify this intersectional analysis by examining how LGBTQ+/disabled identities are constructed in relation to race, class, and gender. Additionally, by conducting virtual ethnography as the primary method of data collection, I explore questions pertaining to how members of LBGTQ+ and disability online communities engage in virtual identity construction and virtual community building. Through these projects I seek to bring disability and LGBTQ+ identities into the intersectionality literature and discourse that has frequently excluded, and at times even ignored, these positionalities.
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Hodges, Andrew. „The everyday geopolitics of science in post-Yugoslav space : from war and 'transition' to economic crisis“. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-everyday-geopolitics-of-science-in-postyugoslav-space-from-war-and-transition-to-economic-crisis(498797c2-d703-44da-b979-0eaf33107cf0).html.
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My research concerns how the changing geopolitical positioning of the post-Yugoslav states has impacted on the lives and prospects of students and researchers in the natural sciences. The main focus is on scientists’ experiences and self-reporting, both of the situation at present and during the nineties, when scientific operations and scientists’ lives were disrupted by war and in the case of Belgrade, Serbia, UN sanctions against science. My fieldwork is centred on participant ethnography based at an institute in Belgrade, Serbia (the Belgrade Astronomical Observatory). However, throughout the thesis I trace and make connections between numerous other institutes and networks, as well as drawing on interview material and ethnography completed with students in Belgrade and Zagreb, Croatia. I analyse in particular on the impact of the recent wars, attempted ‘democratic transition’ and the current European economic crisis. My main argument is that whilst neoliberalisation and social changes over the past forty years have created opportunities for scientists globally, these opportunities were not evenly distributed. For scientists committed to living and working in the former Yugoslav region, these changes were often, but not always experienced as a hindrance; particularly as seen through the lens of reperipheralisation, which strongly relates to the context of war and recent scientific isolation. In the introduction and first chapter of the thesis, I detail the background in light of which ethnographic insights in the later chapters make sense. I then examine how scientists’ practices and experiences reflect, relate to, shape and have been shaped by not only post-Yugoslav discursive hegemonies (chapter two), but also disciplinary changes (chapter three), local academic hierarchies and conventions (chapter four), the socialist legacy and attempted neoliberal ‘transition’ (chapters two, three, four and five), academic traditions (chapter six) and national cosmology (chapters two and six). The thesis also attempts to make an original contribution to anthropological studies of science, in particular engaging with Latour and Woolgar’s (1986) work on credibility (chapter three), literature on science and its publics (chapter five) and the historiography of science (chapter six). The thesis also draws heavily on anthropological theory from other traditions in the discipline, including Marxist anthropology and theories of hegemony (chapter two), Bourdieu’s (1984) work on education (chapters two and four), Verdery’s (1995) analysis of cultural politics under socialism (chapters three and five) and exchange theory, including Graeber’s (2011) work on debts and indebtedness (chapter six). One key theoretical claim advanced through the ethnographic material is that an anthropological study working with scientists in what Blagojević (2010) terms the ‘semiperiphery’, and where a series of violent wars had recently took place, warrants a human focus, namely on the scientists and how they collectively dealt with and coped with disruption to their work and the reorganisation of their social worlds.
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LUNDSTEDT, Måns Robert. „The times and spaces of racist violence: pathways to violence in protest against Swedish migrant accommodation, 2012–2017“. Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/11384/125762.
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All explanations of racist violence, across historical periods and national contexts, have to
face the tension between diversity and unity. On one hand, racist violence is very diverse,
involving a wide range of actors, motives and means. On the other, diverse cases of racist
violence typically occur at approximately the same time, against the same targets, and in the
same places. Rather than solve this tension, existing research reinforce it by disaggregating
individual cases into narrower, decontextualized categories, or by disregarding diversity
altogether.
This thesis approaches the problem of unity and diversity by locating cases of racist violence
in time and space, examining how attacks emerge from causes located in meso-level
interactions between different assailants, and between assailants and wider networks of racist
protesters and their opponents in bounded geographical areas. Applying the processual
framework from social movement theory, the thesis studies these interactions in the context of
local protest against migrant accommodation in Sweden between 2012 and 2017. The thesis
thereby observes a wide variety of assailants, including radical right activists, youth gangs
and “ordinary” residents, interacting with local politicians and government authorities,
moderate organizations and mainstream political parties across 85 local cases. In order to
study these cases, the thesis combines protest event analysis of nearly 3000 violent and
nonviolent events with qualitative case studies based on primary and secondary data from
municipal and court documents, social movement organizations and political parties, social
media, and 61 interviews with actors on different positions vis-à-vis migrant accommodation.
The main outcome of the thesis is a typology of six pathways to violence, each consisting of a
specific combination of causal mechanisms and occurring across a variety of empirical
settings. The typology is based on the distinction of three different temporal sequences
between violent and nonviolent protest, and two spatial orientations in the framing and
organization of protest. Across four empirical chapters, the thesis develops the central causal
mechanisms within each pathway, locates them in the course of the empirical cases, and
shows how different pathways are associated with contextual conditions at the local and
national level. The thesis details the processes through which violence emerges out of weakly
coordinated sets of locals, private networks, radical right milieus, and cells of violent
specialists, in parallel with, after, or independently of, nonviolent protest.
The thesis contributes to the study of racist violence, and to the study of political violence
more broadly. In the literature on racist violence, the thesis contributes to the bridging of
unity and diversity by contextualizing instances of violence in their broader spatial and
temporal setting. It also contributes to the interpretation of contextual causes, and to the
interpretation of different types of actors in relation to violent protest. In the literature on
political violence, the thesis contributes an analysis of violence in contexts where protest is
weakly coordinated, informal and largely occurs in private settings. It thereby helps extend
the analysis of political violence away from a focus on repeated public confrontations, and
onto the dynamic between public and private interactions.
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Hermanns, Veronica Verfasser], Rolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagner und William F. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Martin. „Untersuchungen zur Funktion des CRISPR/Cas-Systems von E. coli: Isolierung und Charakterisierung spezifischer Komponenten des Cascade-Komplexes und Aufbau eines Systems zur Spacer Integration / Veronica Hermanns. Gutachter: William Martin. Betreuer: Rolf Wagner“. Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1053761597/34.
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Chiapetti, Jorge [UNESP]. „O uso corporativo do território brasileiro e o processo de formação de um espaço derivado: transformações e permanências na região cacaueira da Bahia“. Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104368.
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Este trabalho tem a preocupação de demonstrar como, histórica e geograficamente, a formação socioespacial da Região Cacaueira, no Sul da Bahia, se processa de forma derivada, exatamente do uso corporativo e seletivo do território brasileiro. Discutimos a crise da produção de cacau, mais especificamente o caráter multidimensional das transformações ocorridas na região, decorrentes do processo de globalização. A partir desta análise, mostramos que o movimento de reestruturação produtiva no lugar se vincula ao desenvolvimento do modo capitalista de produção, o qual cria e recria mecanismos ideológicos de crenças na modernização que, afinal, garantem a sua própria reprodução.
This paper aims to demonstrate how the socio-spatial formation of the Cocoa Region in the South of Bahia State is historically and geographically derivate from the corporative and selective use of the Brazilian territory. We discuss the crisis in cocoa production, more specifically the multidimensional aspect f the transformations occurred in the region due to the globalization process. Based on this analysis we demonstrate that the productive restructuration in the place is linked to the development of the capitalist way of production which creates and recreates ideological mechanisms of beliefs in the modernization that, eventually, guarantee its own reproduction.
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Ribeiro, Edison Batista. „O pulso do espaço público na região central de São Paulo: crises e inflexões“. Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/330.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-19Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
The first part presents the fundamental concepts that make up the theme and provide the basis for managing the research: pulse, crisis and inflections. Sincethey are additional transfers from multidisciplinary fields of architecture, we will evokeauthors from other areas to support these concepts. The second part takes a case study of four public spaces in Sao Paulo downton: Paiçandu Square, Arouche Square, Dom JoseGaspar Square and Roosevelt Square. With historical, architectural and social approach, this pulse-taking confronts the architectural structure and appropriations occurred in these spaces. Come to the fore this counterpoint the crisis conditions of public space, but also the potential for inflections. The third part consolidates the lessonfrom these public spaces, now with an emphasis on contemporary analysis of factors that can be addressed in a way to rethink the relationship between architecture and city: politics, sociability, enjoyment and time-cultural artistic gesture. The last part draws the learning objects and concepts studied, synthesized in a critical point to possible paths for a connection between architecture and city from the project to its public spaces.
A primeira parte apresenta os conceitos fundamentais que explicam o tema do trabalho e servemde base para manejar a pesquisa: pulso, crises e inflexões. Como são transbordos multidisciplinares de campos suplementares à arquitetura, serão evocados autores de outras áreas para dar suporte a esses conceitos. A segunda parte toma por estudo de caso quatro espaços públicos da região central de São Paulo: Largo do Paiçandu, Largo do Arouche, Praça Dom José Gaspar e Praça Roosevelt. Com uma aproximação histórica, arquitetônica e social, essa tomada de pulso confronta a estrutura arquitetônica e as apropriações ocorridas nesses espaços. Desse contraponto vêm à tona as condições de crise do espaço público, mas também as potencialidades para inflexões. A terceira parte consolida os aprendizados dos espaços públicos estudados, agora com ênfase na análise de fatores contemporâneos que podem ser equacionados em uma forma de repensar a articulação entre arquitetura e cidade: micropolítica, sociabilidade, fruição do tempo e gesto artístico-cultural. A última parte extrai o aprendizado dos objetos e conceitos estudados, sintetizados em uma reflexão crítica que aponte caminhos possíveis para uma articulação entre arquitetura e cidade a partir do projeto para seus espaços públicos.
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Atsebi, Bédhat Jean-Marc. „Essays on Financial Crises and Growth Surges“. Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD006.
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Cette thèse étudie deux phénomènes qui ont impacté la trajectoire de développement de plusieurs pays dans le monde : les crises financières et les poussées de croissance. La première partie de cette thèse, composée de deux chapitres (chapitres 1 et 2), analyse les coûts commerciaux et les contractions économiques associés aux crises financières dans les pays en développement et émergents. Elle examine également les canaux de transmission de ces effets et le rôle de l'espace budgétaire dans la relance économique d'après crise. La seconde partie, elle aussi composée de deux chapitres (chapitres 3 et 4), analyse les déterminants des poussées de croissance et le rôle du Fonds Monétaire International dans leur initiation. Cette thèse contribue significativement à la littérature existante sur ces deux phénomènes. Le chapitre 2 étudie les effets des crises de la dette, bancaire et de change sur le commerce des biens agricoles, miniers, manufacturiers et des services dans 41 pays émergents sur la période allant de 1980 à 2018. Il révèle que les crises génèrent une baisse prononcée et persistante du commerce international (exportations et importations), portée principalement par la contraction du commerce des biens manufacturiers, et dans une certaine mesure par la baisse du commerce des services, des produits miniers, alors que les biens agricoles apparaissent plus résilients, notamment à la suite des crises de la dette. En outre, la baisse du commerce est beaucoup plus accentuée pour les crises combinées. Les crises induisent cette baisse à travers des effets de composition (la structure et la diversification du commerce), de demande (baisse de la demande de biens et services), et d'offre (baisse de l'offre du crédit, des flux de capitaux entrants et du développement financier). Le chapitre 3 étudie le rôle de l'espace budgétaire sur les effets récessifs des crises financières et la politique de relance économique dans 35 pays en développement et 56 pays émergents sur la période 1985-2017. Il montre que la disponibilité de l'espace budgétaire avant la crise génère une dualité. Dans les pays qui ont un espace budgétaire suffisant, les coûts des crises sont plus faibles voir nuls et les gouvernements mènent des politiques de relance, supportées par une hausse de la consommation, des investissements et des flux nets de capitaux. Dans les pays avec un espace budgétaire faible, les gouvernements renoncent à leurs politiques de relance et mènent des politiques de consolidations budgétaires pour accroître la soutenabilité des finances publiques ; dans ce cas, la consommation, les investissements et les flux nets de capitaux baissent, et la récession est accentuée et persistante. Le chapitre 4 s'intéresse aux déterminants des poussées de croissance économique. Il identifie 132 épisodes de croissance soutenue dans 117 pays sur la période 1980-2010. Il montre que les améliorations de la stabilité macroéconomique et des conditions externes et dotations en ressources augmentent plus la probabilité des poussées de croissance. Elles sont suivies par les vagues de réformes structurelles, les gains d'investissements, de travail et de productivité, l'amélioration de la diversification et la qualité du commerce, et enfin par l'amélioration des facteurs institutionnels. De plus, il montre que la probabilité d'avoir des poussées de croissance augmente significativement quand les améliorations de la stabilité macroéconomique et des conditions externes et dotations en ressources interviennent, d'une part, et les autres facteurs, d'autre part. Ces deux premiers facteurs apparaissent donc comme des facteurs dominants. Le chapitre 5 évalue le rôle du FMI dans l'initiation des périodes de croissance soutenue et contribue à la littérature très controversée sur l'efficacité des politiques du FMI. Il montre que le FMI a significativement contribué à générer des périodes de croissance soutenue, notamment à travers ses programmes PRGT. (...)This dissertation studies two phenomena that have been widespread in many countries of the world through history and have huge implications for development, namely the financial crises and growth surges. The first part, comprising two chapters (chapters 2 and 3), analyzes the sectoral trade and output costs of financial crises in the context of developing and emerging countries. It also examines the channels by which financial crises affect trade and output and assess the role of fiscal policy and space to alleviate the output costs. The second part, comprising also two chapters (chapters 4 and 5) turns our attention to the determinants of growth surges in countries and the International Monetary Fund's role in igniting growth surges. Chapter 2 studies the response of different types of trade (i.e. agricultural, mining, and manufactured goods, and services) following various types of financial crises (i.e. debt, banking, and currency crises) in 41 emerging countries over the period 1980-2018. It reveals that the collapse of total trade in the aftermath of financial crises is long-lasting and mainly driven by the fall of manufacturing trade. Also, trade in both mining goods and services declines following several types of financial crises, while trade in agricultural goods seems to benefit from a possible substitution effect particularly following debt crises. These trade costs are reinforced for combined crises and can be explained by compositional and structural (trade structure and diversification), demand-side (fall in demand for goods and services), and supply-side channels (disruption of financial development, fall of net capital inflows and deterioration of credit ratings). Chapter 3 studies how fiscal policy space shapes the dynamics of output losses in the aftermath of financial crises and normal recessions in a sample of 35 developing and 56 emerging countries over the period 1985-2017. It reveals that the availability of fiscal space in the aftermath of financial crises and normal recessions generates a mixed fiscal environment with different output losses of shocks. In countries with enough fiscal space, governments can enact credible fiscal policy expansion by increasing their deficit and using their fiscal space to alleviate the costs of financial crises and normal recessions. In such a situation, private consumption and investment, as well as net capital inflows, increase, which favors a rapid recovery. In countries with limited fiscal space, the story is different and painful; governments immediately trade output stabilization goals out to address the debt sustainability issues while implementing fiscal consolidations, which deepens the recessionary forces. Besides, in these countries, private consumption and investment, as well as net capital inflows, are depressed, and recovery, if any, is a distant and uncertain prospect. Chapter 4 studies the determinants of growth surges. It identifies 132 episodes of growth surges in 117 countries over the period 1980-2010 and finds that improvements in macroeconomic stability and external factors and endowments favor a higher probability of growth surge. They are followed by structural reforms, investments, labor and productivity, trade diversification and quality, and lastly by institutions. Besides, it shows that countries can maximize the likelihood of igniting growth surges if they jointly achieve significant improvements in macroeconomic stability and external conditions and endowments, on one hand, and other determinants, on the other hand. Moreover, significant changes in macroeconomic stability, and to some extent, external factors and endowments may be considered as dominant strategies to ignite a growth surge, as no improvements in these determinants, generally constraint the other determinants to have a smaller effect on growth surges. Chapter 5 engages and contributes to the debate on the effectiveness of the IMF in promoting growth. (...)
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James, Eric Preston. „A Case Study of NASA's Columbia Tragedy: An Organizational Learning and Sensemaking Approach to Organizational Crisis“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5161/.
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No other government agency receives as much attention as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The high-profile agency frequently captures attention of the media in both positive and negative contexts. This thesis takes a case study approach using organizational learning and sensemaking theories to investigate crisis communication within NASA's 2003 Columbia tragedy. Eight participants, who in some capacity had worked for NASA during the Columbia tragedy in a communication centered position, were interviewed. Using a grounded theory framework, nine themes emerged pertaining to organizational learning, leadership, structure, and organizational culture. The results of the study aid in understanding how high risk organization's (HROs) can learn from previous failures and details how organizational culture can hinder organizational change.
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Vantine, William L. „Managing the Risk of Failure in Complex Systems: Insight into the Space Shuttle Challenger Failure“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40429.
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This dissertation presents a new approach for identifying, assessing, mitigating, and managing the risks of failure in complex systems. It describes the paradigm commonly used today to explain such failures and proposes an alternative paradigm that expands the lens for viewing failures to include alternative theories derived from modern theories of physics. Further, it describes the foundation for each paradigm and illustrates how the paradigms may be applied to a particular system failure.
Today, system failure commonly is analyzed using a paradigm grounded in classical or Newtonian physics. This branch of science embraces the principles of reductionism, cause and effect, and determinism. Reductionism is used to dissect the system failure into its fundamental elements. The principle of cause and effect links the actions that led to the failure to the consequences that result. Analysts use determinism to establish the linear link from one event to another to form the chain that reveals the path from cause to consequence. As a result, each failure has a single cause and a single consequence.
An alternative paradigm, labeled contemporary, incorporates the Newtonian foundation of the classical paradigm, but it does not accept the principles as inviolate. Instead, this contemporary paradigm adopts the principles found in the theories of relativity, quantum mechanics, chaos, and complexity. These theories hold that any analysis of the failure is affected by the frame of reference of the observer. Causes may create non-linear effects and these effects may not be observable directly. In this paradigm, there are assumed to be multiple causes for any system failure. Each cause contributes to the failure to a degree that may not be measurable using techniques of classical physics. The failure itself generates multiple consequences that may be remote in place or time from the site of the failure, and which may affect multiple individuals and organizations. Further, these consequences, are not inevitable, but may be altered by actions taken prior to and responses taken after the occurrence of the failure.
The classical and contemporary paradigms are applied using a single embedded case study, the failure of the space shuttle Challenger. Sources, including literature and popular press articles published prior to and after the failure and NASA documents are reviewed to determine the utility of each paradigm. These reviews are supplemented by interviews with individuals involved in the failure and the official investigations that followed.
This dissertation demonstrates that a combination of the classical and contemporary paradigms provides a more complete, and more accurate, picture of system failure. This combination links the non-deterministic elements of system failure analysis to the more conventional, deterministic theories. This new framework recognizes that the complete prevention of failure cannot be achieved; instead it makes provisions for preparing for and responding to system failure.Ph. D.
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Marques, Barbara Romeika Rodrigues. „Hannah Arendt e a crise na educa??o como crise pol?tico-filos?fica da modernidade“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16505.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:12:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012-10-15Este estudo busca esclarecer e discutir a reflex?o de Hannah Arendt sobre a crise na educa??o no mundo contempor?neo enquanto crise pol?tico-filos?fica da modernidade. Trata-se de explicitar de que forma o significado da educa??o est? atrelado ?s condi??es de institui??o, compartilhamento e conserva??o do mundo comum e humano. Com o intuito de reconstruir as an?lises da autora sobre os reflexos da crise pol?tico-filos?fica da modernidade na esfera pr?pol?tica da educa??o, esta pesquisa investiga de que modo o fim da tradi??o metaf?sica, o esfacelamento da autoridade, o obscurecimento da esfera p?blica e a moderna aliena??o do mundo promoveram uma profunda degrada??o das capacidades humanas de construir, conservar e compartilhar pela a??o e pelo discurso um mundo que possa sobreviver e permanecer um lugar n?o mortal para seres que nascem e morrem. Palavras-chave: Hannah Arendt; Educa??o; Crise; Modernidade; Autoridade; Espa?o P?blico.
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LISTERMAN, EMALEE M. „THE IDENTITY CRISIS OF UNINCORPORATED CAMPBELL COUNTY, KENTUCKY AND ITS EFFECT ON OPEN SPACE PRESERVATION, DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS, AND THE PLANNING PROCESS“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148253755.
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Smailes, Peter John, und peter smailes@adelaide edu au. „Redefining the Local: the social organisation of rural space in South Australia, 1982-2006“. Flinders University. Geography, Population and Environmental Management, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20061005.151832.
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This thesis brings together a series of existing and ongoing pieces of research, conducted over a period of some years. There are five primary aims.
The first is to construct a coherent empirical picture of the social organisation of space in rural South Australia by the early 1980s, at the outset of a period of turmoil and rapid change. The second is to bring together two relevant but disparate levels of theory (globalisation/structural change and localism/place attachment), to understand the impact of the rural crisis of 1984-94 on rural communities, families and individuals. The third is to trace the context and development of the crisis itself, the resultant poverty, demographic change, and reduced socio-economic viability of communities. Fourthly, the theoretical and empirical findings are applied to the search for an altered accommodation between society and space, through which a modified and regrouped but still essentially intact rural society can survive beyond the crisis. Finally, I reflect on the methodological contribution and limitations of the thesis, and also on the ethical concerns and values confronting an academic researcher reporting on a local- or micro-level social tragedy, concealed and rationalised by national macro-level success.
Chapter 1 deals with fundamental concepts and epistemology.
Chapter 2 sketches the evolution of the South Australian rural habitat up to the 1980s.
Chapter 3 examines macro-level theory on globalisation in the structuralist and political economy traditions, which seek to explain the forces changing the politico-economic ground rules within which rural communities have to operate.
Chapter 4 examines theory relating to the world of the individual person and his/her most immediate social reference groups - family, neighbourhood and community. It presents a model of place-making, and evaluates the contributions of various disciplines towards understanding specific aspects of this process, particularly rural sociology, social and humanistic geography, structuration theory and theory relating to human territoriality.
Chapter 5 reveals how individuals and local social groups actually occupied space and developed place-attachment in rural South Australia in the early 1980s. It draws on field studies carried out between 1979 and 1986, and on a 1982-83 postal sample survey of 2000 rural households.
Chapter 6 traces the course of a decade of almost continuous rural crisis, from about 1984. It shows how the global economy and political decisions (international, national and State) flowed through to rural people and places. Demographic and economic impacts are examined at State level, with a regional example.
Chapters 7 (quantitative) and 8 (qualitative) examine the changes wrought by the crisis on rural society and the social organisation of space. They draw on a 1992/93 replication of the previous postal survey to demonstrate the persistence and continuity of major features of the rural society, but also the fragility of the current spatial organisation. The widespread rural poverty in the early 1990s and its impact on the state of rural morale are demonstrated, along with perceived changes in key community characteristics, and divergence of the economic from the social organisation of rural space.
Chapter 9 assesses requirements for a socially sustainable rural Australia, in the light of the last ten years� developments in rural research. It argues the need for the focus of localism to be re-defined upwards from individual community to regional level
Finally in Chapter 10, I reflect on the contribution and limitations of the thesis, and on the wider problem of the role academics could, should and do play in relation to the deeply meaningful social transformations we purport to study.
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Abreu, Aline Cavalcanti de. „Habitação social e fundo público no contexto de crise do capital“. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8579.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoCompreender o financiamento da habitação social requer identificar as mediações necessárias para sua problematização crítica. Orientado pelo método marxista, o estudo utiliza como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, de documentos legais e o estudo das peças orçamentárias. A produção do espaço no capitalismo é produto de relações sociais voltadas a exploração e a acumulação capitalista. Por ser objeto da luta de classes, o Estado responde as necessidades habitacionais dos trabalhadores por meio de políticas urbanas fragmentadas e desfinanciadas, abertas as investida do mercado. A institucionalização do arcabouço legal para a habitação, como a conquista do Fundo Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social - FNHIS não representou mudanças efetivas sobre as condições de moradia nas cidades. Marcado pelo desfinanciamento (os recursos corresponderam a 1,3% do orçamento do Ministério das Cidades, em 2012) e pela baixa envergadura dos programas sob sua responsabilidade (recursos para Urbanização de Assentamentos Precários e Provisão Habitacional ficaram em R$ 4,7 bilhões, nos anos estudados), o FNHIS é esvaziado no seu sentido político de satisfazer as necessidades habitacionais da população. Em 2009, é criado o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCMV. Há o incremento do Estado como indutor da macroeconomia fortalecedora da reestruturação do mercado imobiliário e das medidas para minimizar os efeitos da crise econômica mundial, pondo em marcha o social-liberalismo. Foram destinados R$ 16 bilhões de 2009 a 2012, com produção de 2 milhões de unidades habitacionais pelo PMCMV. Contudo, pelo caráter privilegiador do produtor privado, o PMCMV fez com que o mercado imobiliário continuasse a realizar a punção de parte de fundo público no desenvolvimento de projetos que fortalecem a periferização, o bloqueio a cidade para os trabalhadores e a redução a responsabilidade do Estado sob a política de habitação social como direito humano.
To understand the financing of social housing it is required to identify the necessary mediations for its critical questionings. Guided by the Marxist method, the study has as its methodology the bibliographical research of legal documents and the study of budget components. The production of space in capitalism is a product of social relations focused on exploration and on capitalist accumulation. By being an object of class struggle, the State responds to the workers housing needs through fragmented and unfinanced urban politics, both available to the interest of the market. The institutionalization of the legal framework for housing, like the achievement of the Fundo Nacional de Habitação de Interesse Social- FNHIS, has not shown effective changes on the housing conditions in the cities. Characterized by the non-funding (in 2012, resources corresponded to 1.3% of the Ministry of Cities budget) and by the low scale of the programs under their responsibility (resources for Urbanization of Slums and Housing Provision were R$ 4.7 billion between 2006 and 2012), the FNHIS was withdraw from its political sense of meeting the populations housing needs. In 2009, the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - PMCVMV (My House My Life) was created. There is the States increase as an inducer of macroeconomics of the real estate markets restructuring and of measures to minimize the effects of the global economic crisis, putting in motion the social liberalism. Sixteen billion reais were invested in 2009 to 2012, with production of two million housing units by PMCMV. However, through the privileged character of the private producer, the PMCMV helped the housing market to continue taking part in the public fund on the development of projects which strengthen the peripherization, the city blocking for workers and the States reduction under the politic of social housing as a human right.
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Eiselen, Minette Linda. „Heal : a shelter for the homeless in Tshwane : investigating a suitable living environment for the healing and rehabilitation of people in crisis“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30288.
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The dissertation investigates suitable living environments for the healing and rehabilitation of people in crisis in South Africa, focusing on the human experience of space. Through the understanding of the problem and the context, the product of the investigation is a shelter for the homeless in the city of Tshwane. The shelter can be defined as transitional housing for the adult urban homeless and their children, which focuses on the healing and ultimate rehabilitation of homeless people, including the reintegration of these people into society. The significance of the project is that the development becomes a metaphor for the reintegration of people into society. The project aims to empower people to become contributing members of society and discontinues the cycle of destitution by providing an opportunity for economic activity and by improving the physical environment of the homeless as well as the physical environment of the community in general.Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
unrestricted
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Boguta, Maria. „A New Space-Time Model for Interacting Agents in the Financial Market“. Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Information Science, Computer and Electrical Engineering (IDE), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-3180.
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In this thesis we present a new space-time model of interacting agents in the financial market. It is a combination of the Curie-Weiss model and a model introduced by Järpe. We investigate properties such as the critical temperature and magnetization of the system. The distribution of the Hamiltonian function is obtained and a hypothesis test of independence is derived. The results are illustrated in an example based on real data.
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Giavarotti, Daniel Manzione. „O Jardim Ibirapuera da imposição à crise do trabalho“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-26032013-112730/.
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Esta dissertação trata do processo de formação e reprodução de um loteamento periférico da metrópole de São Paulo com pouco mais de cinquenta anos existência (1964), o Jardim Ibirapuera. Abordamos sua formação e reprodução a partir de uma reflexão acerca da mobilidade do trabalho experimentada por algumas das famílias que para lá foram morar, além de moradores das favelas adjacentes ao loteamento, quais sejam, Erundina, Felicidade e Pinhal Velho. A crise das regiões, assim como o monopólio da violência centralizado pelo Estado Nacional em formação a partir de 1930 e a gradual formação de um mercado de trabalho em nível nacional marcaram o violento processo de modernização retardatária brasileira. São Paulo se encontrará no centro da mobilidade do trabalho nacional que se instaura a partir de então, ao abrigar as condições necessárias, objetivamente fantasmagóricas, à reprodução de relações sociais de produção fundadas sobre a liberdade contraditória do trabalhador. Daí que a formação do loteamento do Jardim Ibirapuera expressa a forma particular de reprodução do trabalho no contexto de metropolização da cidade de São Paulo, assim como sua reprodução anuncia a própria crise das relações sociais de produção nas quais repousaram a primeira.This thesis aim at analyzing the formation and reproduction process of a São Paulo metropolitan suburban allotment aging more than 50 years (1964): the Jardim Ibirapuera. We start out from the reflection of the labor mobility experienced by some of the families settled there, as well as that by the nearby established slums inhabitants, such as the communities called by Erundina, Felicidade and Pinhal Velho. The crisis of regions, along with the violence monopoly centralized by the National State, in formation since 1930, and the gradual formation of a national labor market signalized the violent process of the Brazilian late (retarded) modernization. São Paulo state was in the center of the national labor mobility established since then. There were the necessary, yet objectively phantasmagorical conditions to social relations reproduction based on the contradictory freedom of the worker. Thus, Jardim Ibirapuera allotment express the particular form of labor reproduction in the metropolisation context of São Paulo city. Also, its reproduction announces the crisis of social relation of production itself, upon which the former labor reproduction is based.
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Grillo, Carmen M. „Haunting the Domestic Foam: A Political Spherology of Contemporary Haunted House Films“. Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26197.
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This thesis is focused on the intersection between horror, gender and politics in American haunted house films. Taking a “spherological” approach, the author argues that horror is evidence of a spherical breakdown, or a violation of existential space. Applying this approach to Hollywood haunted house films, the author demonstrates how those movies have, in the years since 2005, responded to a masculinity crisis discourse: by figuring haunting as a horrific disruption of paternal authority by violent masculine entities and powerful female ones, film-makers situate the movies in that discourse. By positing “security moms” (Grewal: 2006) and “paternal sovereigns” (Gunn: 2008) as responses to the crisis, the films construct a domestic space where women are militant mothers and men are sovereigns. Because the family is an important metaphor for the American nation (Lakoff: 2002), this construction can be seen as part of a paternalistic national politics. Cette thèse se concentre sur l’intersection de l’horreur, le genre et la politique dans des filmes américains de maison hantée. En prenant une approche “sphérologique,” l’auteur constate que l’éclatement d’une sphère existentielle s’accompagne du sentiment d’horreur. Concernant les films de maison hantée, l’auteur démontre comment ces objets-là se sont adressés, depuis 2005, au discours de la crise de masculinité: en figurant l’hantise comme la subversion de l’autorité du père par des menaces masculins et féminins, les réalisateurs mettent les films dans la trajectoire du discours de la crise. À fin de répondre à la crise, les films construisent l’espace doméstique de façon que les femmes soient des mères militantes (les “security moms”) (Grewal: 2006) et les pères soient souverains (les “souverains paternels”) (Gunn: 2008). Finalement, car la famille reste une métaphore importante de la nation Américaine (Lakoff: 2002), cette construction peut être vue comme partie de la paternalisme nationale.
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Ghilardi, Flávio Henrique. „O lugar dos pobres na cidade de Campinas-SP: questões a partir da urbanização da ocupação do Parque Oziel, Jardim Monte Cristo e Gleba B“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18141/tde-05072012-113506/.
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A dissertação propõe um debate sobre os processos de formação do lugar dos pobres na cidade de Campinas SP, por meio da análise do surgimento, consolidação e urbanização da ocupação do Parque Oziel, Jardim Monte Cristo e Gleba B. A atual área que conforma tais bairros consolidou-se a partir da ocupação, no início de 1997, de uma área vazia às margens do quilômetro 76 da Rodovia Santos Dumont, na região sudoeste do município de Campinas. Nos últimos anos a Prefeitura de Campinas iniciou o processo de urbanização da área, com medidas de regularização fundiária, provimento de serviços de infra-estrutura e melhorias urbanas. Portanto, partindo da constituição e consolidação do território ilegal e irregular do assentamento, a dissertação traz questões sobre os processos de formação dos lugares dos pobres na cidade de Campinas, tomando como perspectiva analítica referências acerca da conformação da luta pelo direito à cidade, o projeto político da reforma urbana e a (re)configuração da questão urbana nas cidades brasileiras contemporâneas.This dissertation proposes a discussion about the formation processes of the place of poor people in the city of Campinas - SP, by analyzing the formation, consolidation and urbanization of the following urban occupations: Parque Oziel, Jardim Monte Cristo and Gleba B. The current area that comprises such quarters was consolidated by the occupation, in early 1997, of an empty area on the margins of highway Santos Dumont (kilometer 76), located in the southwestern area of Campinas city. In recent years, the Municipality of Campinas started the urbanization process of this area, by taking measures of tenure regularization, provision of infrastructure services and urban improvements. Therefore, based on the formation and consolidation of such an illegal and irregular area, the dissertation raises issues about the formation processes of the place of poor people in the city of Campinas. Our theoretical framework takes as analytical perspective references about the struggle to right to the city, the political project of the urban reform and the (re)configuration of the urban issue in the contemporary Brazilian cities.
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Delgado, Enrique Antonio Illarze. „Altar e Ambão: a presença de Cristo na palavra e na eucaristia, visível no espaço sagrado da comunidade“. Faculdades EST, 2013. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=492.
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Trata-se de um estudo aprofundado e diversificado sobre o espaço litúrgico cristão, lugar
de encontro da comunidade de fé com seu senhor, Jesus Cristo, Logos encarnado,
visível na Palavra e no Pão e no Vinho da refeição eucarística, e expressos nos focos
físicos do ambão e da mesa/altar. O estudo do tema leva, em primeiro lugar, à investigação
sobre as características que devem ter um espaço físico de teofania, vinculadas aos
transcendentais de Beleza, Bondade, Verdade e Harmonia, que Platão entendia como da
essência divina. Busca-se entender como esses transcendentais foram observados ao
longo dos tempos também no pensamento de Plotino, Agostinho, Kant e Hegel. Em
seguida, de forma multidisciplinar, são apresentadas as contribuições de uma teologia
da estética e dos sacramentos, em diálogo com a Filosofia, a Ética, a História, a Arquitetura,
a Filosofia da Arquitetura, a Liturgia e as Santas Escrituras, nas tradições cristãs do
anglicanismo, do luteranismo e do catolicismo romano. Há desdobramentos sobre a
reflexão e o trabalho de arquitetos em torno da expressão concreta da imanência e da
transcendência divinas na arquitetura, tentando expressar o Inexpressável, e vinculando
assim a Bela Arte da Arquitetura ao campo da fé cristã. A seguir, uma exaustiva pesquisa
é realizada em torno ao ambão e ao altar, focos físicos da Presença divina, interpretando-
os a partir de tipologias teológicas e de sua utilização nas três denominações acima
mencionadas. Finalizando, tendo como base teórica a filosofia da arquitetura e a
hermenêutica filosófica de Gadamer, analisa espaços litúrgicos concretos, projetados e
construídos pela arquiteta Maria Inês Bolson Lunardini, especializada em arquitetura
sacra na cidade e na área metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS). Assim o estudo teórico
realizado ao longo do corpo do trabalho dialoga com um contexto concreto. A tese mostra
que ambão e a mesa/altar são, no contexto do espaço sagrado onde a comunidade de
fé é convocada e se congrega, o lugar da Presença viva do Logos Encarnado.This academic work is a profound and diversified study on the Christian liturgical space, place of gathering of the community of faith with his Lord, Jesus Christ, the incarnated Logos, visible in the Word and in the Bread and Wine of the eucharistical meal, as expressed in the physical foci of the ambo and the altar/table. The consideration of the subject leads, firstly, to the research of the characteristics that the physical space of a theophany must have, entailed to the transcendentals of Beauty, Truth, Goodness and Harmony, meant by Plato as qualities of the divine essence. Attempt is made in order to understand how transcendentals were seen along history and also in the thought of Plotinus, Augustine, Kant and Hegel. Inmediately, in an multidisciplinarian way are introduced the contributions of a theology of aesthetics and sacraments in dialogue with Philosophy, Ethics, History, Architecture, Liturgy and Holy Scripture, with glimpses on the Anglican, Lutheran and Roman Catholic traditions. There are, also, an unfolding on how architects reflect and work around the concrete expressions of the divine immanence and transcendence in Architecture, trying to express the Unexpressable, and relating, in this way, the Fine Art of Architecture to Christian Faith. Following on the way, an accurate research is made on the ambo and the altar, physical foci of the divine Presence, viewing them from the point of view of theological typologies and their use in the three denominations afore said. Finally, and bearing in mind as theoretical base the philosophy of architecture and the philosophical hermeneutics of Gadamer, is made a critic of concrete liturgical spaces, designed and built by the architect Maria Ines Bolson Lunardini, specialized in sacred architecture and working in the city of Porto Alegre (RS) and its metropolitan area. In this manner, the theoretical study developed along this work dialogues with a concrete context. Thesis points out that ambo and altar/table are, in the context of the sacred space where the community of faith is summoned and gathers, the place of the living Presence of the Incarnated Logos.
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Bosch, Francesco Bruno Perrota. „Informes“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16136/tde-13062017-131543/.
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Tudo inicia com o verbete de um dicionário não convencional. A revista Documents, na qual se publicava o Dictionnaire Critique, era editada pelo escritor francês Georges Bataille quando ele escreveu sobre o informe: um termo que \"serve para desclassificar\"; um vocábulo que não existe para dar significado a determinadas coisas, mas para instigar \"tarefas\"; uma noção antagônica a toda \"sobrecasaca matemática\"; uma disrupção ao academicismo \"que geralmente demanda que cada coisa tenha sua forma\". Esta dissertação fundamenta-se na acepção batailliana, destrinchando nuances, revisitando múltiplas leituras feitas a posteriori, buscando compreender o verbete em meio a todo conjunto do Dicionário Crítico, e, por fim, aceitando a diversidade e as contradições da rede de relações que Bataille instituía. Alicerçado nesse verbete acerca do informe, estabeleço uma operação crítica de observação do mundo, a qual irradia uma série de questões para além daquelas enfrentadas à época pelo grupo surrealista da Documents. Informes, no plural, apresenta um campo de diálogo entre trabalhos artísticos, projetos arquitetônicos, obras literárias. A crise do ideal de forma não é unívoca. O informe lança uma ilimitada multiplicidade de questões; nesta dissertação, apresentam-se algumas delas em um labirinto que põe em contato o Partially Buried Woodshed de Robert Smithson, o Tent Pile do Formlessfinder, a Endless House de Frederick Kiesler, o apartamento de A Espuma dos Dias, o Gutter Corner Splash e as espirais de Richard Serra, a crise da arte como ciência europeia por Edmund Husserl, os Sacchi de Alberto Burri, o vão livre do Masp e o pré-artesanato nordestino pela ótica de Lina Bo Bardi, a Torsione de Giovanni Anselmo somada a tantos outros trabalhos da dita Arte Povera, o Monumento a Bataille de Thomas Hirschhorn, o Merzbau de Kurt Schwitters, o Vortex do Raumlabor, o empilhar de telhas de Wang Shu, a entropia que se ausenta em O ateliê vermelho de Henri Matisse, o estúdio de Rémy Zaugg projetado pelo Herzog & de Meuron, a Mesa de Nelson Felix, o Fun Palace de Cedric Price, o Granby Four Streets do Assemble, os inacabados prisioneiros de Michelangelo. Essa polifonia consubstancia-se nos dezenove ensaios que se seguem. Tal como uma entrada de dicionário, cada texto é autossuficiente; entretanto, suas questões ricocheteiam ao longo da dissertação. Inspirado no Dictionnaire Critique e no livro Formless: A User\'s Guide, de Yve-Alain Bois e Rosalind Krauss, faço um emaranhado de heterogêneas rela- ções a partir de diferentes autores, artistas, arquitetos. Não há uma mesma unidade nem métrica para os ensaios: as estruturas textuais são diversas, os tamanhos são distintos, e sua leitura também não se faz exigente em ordem sequencial.. Há uma metalinguagem entre o informe e o (não)formato deste Informes. O que se intenta é o enfrentamento às convenções, ao status quo, ao senso comum. Uma busca deste mestrando para não ver o mundo como conjunto de formas, as quais obrigatoriamente devamos nos enquadrar. Afinal, já dizia Bataille, \"o universo é algo como uma aranha ou um escarro\".Everything begins with an entry of an unconventional dictionary. The magazine Documents, in which the Dictionnaire Critique was published, was edited by the French writer Georges Bataille when he wrote about the formless: a term that \"serves to bring things down\"; a word that does not exist to give meaning to certain things, but to instigate \"tasks\"; an antagonistic notion to any \"mathematical frock coat\"; a disruption to academicism that \"generally requiring that each thing have its form\". This dissertation is based on the bataillian sense of the formless, unraveling nuances, revisiting multiple readings made a posteriori, seeking to understand the entry in the midst of all set the Critical Dictionary, and, finally, accepting diversity and contradictions of the network of relationships that Bataille instituted. From this entry on the formless, I establish a critical operation for observing the world, which radiates a number of issues beyond those that the Surrealist group faced at the time of Documents magazine. Formlesses, in plural, present a field of dialogue between artistic works, architectural projects, literary writings. The crisis of the ideal of form is not univocal. Formless launches unlimited and multiple questions, which, on this dissertation, present themselves in a labyrinth that put in contact the Partially Buried Woodshed by Robert Smithson, the Tent Pile by Formlessfinder, the Endless House by Frederick Kiesler, the apartment of L\'Écume des Jours, the Gutter Corner Splash and the spirals by Richard Serra, the crisis of art as a European science by Edmund Husserl, the Sacchi by Alberto Burri, the great span of Masp and the northeastern pre-crafts from the perspective of Lina Bo Bardi, the Torsione by Giovanni Anselmo together with many other of the Arte Povera, the Monument to Bataille by Thomas Hirschhorn, the Merzbau by Kurt Schwitters, the Vortex by Raumlabor, the stacking of tiles of Wang Shu, the absence of entropy in The Red Studio by Henri Matisse, the atelier of Rémy Zaugg designed by Herzog & de Meuron, the Mesa by Nelson Felix, the Fun Palace by Cedric Price, the Granby Four Streets by Assemble, the unfinished prisoners of Michelangelo. This polyphony is embodied on the following nineteen essays. Like a dictionary entry, each text is self-sufficient; however, their issues ricochet throughout the dissertation. Inspired by the Dictionnaire Critique and the book Formless: A User\'s Guide, of Yve-Alain Bois and Rosalind Krauss, I make a tangle of heterogeneous relationships from different authors, artists, architects. There is neither unity nor metric on the essays: the textual structures are diverse, their sizes are different, and it is not necessary to read them in a sequential order. There is a metalanguage between the formless and the (non)format of this Formlesses. What I attempt is to confront the conventions, the status quo, the common sense. A search of this graduate student for not to see the world as a set of forms, in which we must necessarily fit in. After all, as Bataille had already said, \"the universe is something like a spider or spit\".
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Tuma, Fischer Vincent, und Tara Dyi. „Architecture to the Rescue : Metamorphing Built Space for Changing Purposes“. Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44068.
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In December of 2019, the city of Wuhan in China reported an outbreak of a high number of pneumoniacases (Bassareo, 2020). The SARS-CoV-2 Virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)started to cause disturbance in societal functions, eventually leading to anomalous infection controlmeasures. Covid-19 was believed to have appeared in Sweden on 31st January and on the 9th ofMarch, it was confirmed in the Stockholm Region (Roden, 2020). Historically, pandemics have struckhumanity numerous times before, yet the virus proved that the modern world was still not prepared. Patients had to be accommodated in hospital corridors, general wards, and makeshift hospitals.Currently, the way of dealing with the virus is to admit patients into negative pressure isolation rooms.Negative pressure isolation rooms eliminate the airborne infectious particles, unlike regular emergencyrooms. Thus isolation rooms within alternative arrangements could offer a bigger space capacitywithout placing the burden on a municipality. Our thesis sheds light on disadvantages within temporary health facility solutions used during theCoronavirus pandemic. The project proposes an alternate strategy for dealing with sudden massdemand of hospital patient beds for quarantine units. This strategy involves a permanent buildingplanning, which is prepared in advance to limit the time for shifting space. In addition, multiple interiorfittings are prefabricated, easy to install as well as transport. By proposing a building with a floor planfor a primary office usage, the building could be transformed for a secondary usage as an infectiousdisease clinic in case of serious health threats to the modern welfare society.I december 2019 rapporterade staden Wuhan i Kina ett utbrott av ett stort antal lunginflammationfall (Bassareo, 2020). SARS-CoV-2-viruset (allvarligt akut respiratoriskt syndrom-coronavirus 2) börjadeorsaka störningar i samhällsfunktionerna och ledde så småningom till avvikande åtgärder förinfektionskontroll. Covid-19 tros ha dykt upp i Sverige den 31 januari och den 9 mars bekräftades det iStockholmsregionen (Roden, 2020). Historiskt sett har pandemier drabbat mänskligheten flera gångertidigare, ändå bevisade viruset att den moderna världen fortfarande inte var beredd. Patienterna fick bo på sjukhuskorridorer, allmänna avdelningar och provisoriska sjukhus. För närvarandeär sättet att hantera viruset på att ta in patienter i negativ tryck isoleringsrum. Isoleringsrum med negativttryck eliminerar de luftburna smittsamma partiklarna, till skillnad från vanliga akutrum. Således kanisoleringsrum inom alternativa arrangemang erbjuda en större utrymmes kapacitet utan att belastaen kommun. Vår avhandling belyser nackdelar med tillfälliga sjukvårds lösningar som används under Coronaviruspandemin. Projektet föreslår en alternativ strategi för att hantera plötslig mass efterfrågan på sjukhuspatientsängar för karantän avdelningar. Denna strategi innebär en permanent byggnadsplanering,som är förberett i förväg för att limitera tiden det tar att skifta ett utrymme. Dessutom är flerainredningsdetaljer prefabricerade, lätta att installera och transportera. Genom att föreslå enbyggnad med en planlösning för en primär kontorsanvändning kan byggnaden omvandlas till ensekundär användning som är en infektionsklinik, i händelse av allvarliga hälsorisker mot det modernavälfärdssamhället.
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Ribeiro, Maria Helena Pinto. „Como a IAC - Iniciativa de Auditoria Cidadã à dívida se mobiliza enquanto agente no espaço público, no contexto da dívida soberana“. Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12791.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em SociologiaNo final de 2009 teve início a «crise da dívida pública europeia». Depois da Grécia e da Irlanda, em Maio de 2011 foi celebrado o acordo de assistência financeira entre o governo português e a Troika e, em nome da «dívida soberana», foram impostas ao povo português medidas de austeridade que incluíram a privação de direitos contratualizados. À semelhança da resposta espoletada na Irlanda com o surgimento de grupos de cidadãos que realizaram auditorias da dívida, também em Portugal, um grupo de 289 cidadãos subscreveu uma convocatória com o fim de instituir um processo de Auditoria Cidadã à Dívida Pública. Teve então início uma ação coletiva que se designou de IAC – Iniciativa para uma Auditoria Cidadã à dívida, tendo como objetivo analisar a dívida pública portuguesa e estimular o debate sobre as suas causas e consequências, e reclamando a sua renegociação. É objeto do presente trabalho o estudo da forma como a IAC-Iniciativa para uma Auditoria Cidadã à Dívida se mobilizou enquanto agente no espaço público. Utilizando uma metodologia de «estudo de caso», pretende-se conhecer os atores, os contextos, os temas e a argumentação usados no «espaço público» e, daí, partir para a caraterização da IAC enquanto movimento social.
In 2009’s end happened «the European public debt crises». After Greece and Ireland, in 2011 May, Portuguese government and Troika celebrated an agreement for financial support; Portuguese people became under austerity governance suffering the privation of some social welfare measures, including entitled rights, on behalf of «sovereign debt». As Irish People did with the creation of citizen audit debt, in Portugal, a group of 289 citizens, “demanding an urgent different approach for the Portuguese public debt problem”, had subscribed the establishment of the Lisbon Convention in order to perform a process of public debt citizen audit. Thus, a collective action emerged whose purpose was to analyze the Portuguese public debt and to stimulate the debate about its causes and consequences demanding its renegotiation. It was named “IAC – A Citizen Audit Initiative”. This work aims to study how “IAC - A Citizen Audit Initiative” has mobilized in the public space. Applying the methodology of «case study», our research intends to show how actors, contexts, matters and argumentation were used in public space; then to characterize IAC as a social movement.
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Gallois, Caroline. „D'une "place au soleil" à l'impossible ailleurs : problématiques du lieu dans l'œuvre visuelle et textuelle de William Orpen (1878-1931)“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Artois, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ARTO0008.
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Cette thèse, menée de manière chronologique, examine les questions du lieu et de l’espace dans l’œuvre picturale et textuelle de l’artiste d’origine irlandaise William Orpen (1878-1931).Cette recherche se fonde sur les résultats de différents types d’approche (histoire de l’art, critique littéraire, philosophie, psychologie, sociologie). Son objectif est de mettre en lumière la question de l’origine, synonyme pour Orpen de séparations, de fractures et de ruptures de toutes sortes. Il est également de montrer que les idées de lieu et d’espace ne sont pas étrangères à celles d’entre-deux : à cheval sur deux siècles et sur deux pays (l’Angleterre et l’Irlande) lors d’une période de profonds changements, Orpen était, dans sa pratique littéraire et artistique, à mi-chemin entre tradition et modernité, entre unité et fragmentation, entre centre et périphérie. De la tension entre ces différents pôles résulta inévitablement une crise pour le portraitiste mondain qu’il fut d’abord, puis pour le peintre de guerre officiel qu’il devint en France en 1917 — crise qui exigea qu’il fît des choix, qu’il quittât sa « place au soleil » pour se diriger vers un ailleurs incertain. Cette crise, caractéristique de la période moderne, concerna la représentation visuelle et textuelle, mais fut également humaine, politique, sociale, morale et religieuse.Nous proposons de montrer qu’Orpen n’eut de cesse d’explorer la condition de l’homme moderne, de se rendre attentif aux multiples manifestations de l’ordre et du désordre, aux conflits de l’espace et du vide, à la conciliation de la permanence et de la métamorphose, au combat de l’ombre et de la lumière, aux rapports entre réel et imaginaire, au jeu multiforme des polaritésConducted chronologically, this thesis examines questions of place and space in the pictorial and textual work of the Irish-born artist William Orpen (1878-1931).This research is based on the results of different types of approach (art history, literary criticism, philosophy, psychology, sociology). Its aim is to shed light on the question of origin, which for Orpen is synonymous with separations, fractures and ruptures of all kinds. It also demonstrates that ideas of place and space are not foreign to those of in-betweenness: in-between two centuries and two countries (England and Ireland) during a period of deep change, Orpen was, in his literary and artistic practice, halfway between tradition and modernity, between unity and fragmentation, between centre and periphery. The tension between these different poles inevitably resulted in a crisis for the society portrait painter he was at first, and then for the official war painter he became in France in 1917—a crisis which required him to make choices, to leave his “place in the sun” and to head for an uncertain elsewhere. This crisis, characteristic of the modern period, concerned visual and textual representation, but was also human, political, social, moral and religious.I propose to show that Orpen never stopped exploring the condition of modern man, considering the multiple manifestations of order and disorder, the conflicts of space and emptiness, the reconciliation of permanence and metamorphosis, the struggle between light and shadow, the relationship between the real and the imaginary, the multiform interplay of polarities
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Davey, Christopher P. „Vortex of Genocide: Banyamulenge Identity Formation in Pursuit of the Genocidaire, Zaïre (1996- 1997)“. Thesis, University of Bradford, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17365.
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Genocide is conventionally seen through the mutually exclusive characterisations of perpetrators and victims. Attempts to understand this phenomenon in the 1990s postcolonial African Great Lakes region suffer from this same limitation. This dissertation critiques the limiting binary of perpetrator and victim identities. By examining the messy formation of identities in genocide, this research demonstrates that the latter are layered and fluid. Using relational sociology, identities are examined through the narrative analysis of interviews with Banyamulenge soldiers who participated in the early 1990s Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and the short-lived Alliance des Forces Démocratiques pour la Libération du Congo (AFDL). These soldiers witnessed first-hand the violence and devastation of the Rwandan civil war and 1994 genocide. The AFDL, under Rwandan leadership, went on to obliterate 233,000 Rwandan refugees spread across Zaïre form 1996 to 1997. A heuristic device of a vortex is used to conceptualise a process of identity formation framed by three features of genocide, namely narratives of insecurity, destructive crises, and intermediate space. RPF and Banyamulenge narratives, power relations, and relational journeys are traced through an exploration of the networks and histories of these features. Banyamulenge soldier identities are formed in movements through this vortex with each experience of genocide. Such movements resulted in violence against the refugees. A specific relation to the idea of the enemy as a guilty genocidaire was constructed through the deployment of multiple narratives. The genocidaire was essential to Banyamulenge identities as they went on to perpetrate genocide against the Rwandan refugees.