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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Criminological traces“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Criminological traces"
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Kopel, David B., und Paul H. Blackman. „Research Note: Firearms Tracing Data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms: An Occasionally Useful Law Enforcement Tool but a Poor Research Tool“. Criminal Justice Policy Review 11, Nr. 1 (März 2000): 44–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403400011001004.
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The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) sometimes traces the history of firearms used in crime. Typically, the trace reveals the gun's history from its manufacture to its sale by a licensed retail firearms dealer. BATF traces occasionally have been a useful tool for investigating individual crimes. In recent years, however, some persons have attempted to use BATF trace data to study gun violence and evaluate firearms policies. There are severe limitations on the utility of the BATF data for criminological analysis. These limits include the relatively small number of crime guns that BATF traces, BATF's rules about what guns it will not even attempt to trace, and the limited information supplied by gun traces. The authors suggest that BATF trace figures are not a sound foundation for criminological research.
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South, Nigel. „Green Criminology: Reflections, Connections, Horizons“. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 3, Nr. 2 (01.08.2014): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i2.172.
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This paper traces aspects of the development of a ‘green’ criminology. It starts with personal reflections and then describes the emergence of explicit statements of a green criminological perspective. Initially these statements were independently voiced, in different parts of the world but they reflected shared concerns. These works have found unification as a ‘green’, ‘eco-global’ or ‘conservation’ criminology. The paper reviews the classifications available when talking about not only legally-defined crimes but also legally perpetrated harms, as well as typologies of such harms and crimes. It then looks at the integration of ‘green’ and ‘traditional’ criminological thinking before briefly exploring four dimensions of concern for today and the future.DOI: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v3i2.172
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Alexander, Rustam. „Soviet Legal and Criminological Debates on the Decriminalization of Homosexuality (1965–75)“. Slavic Review 77, Nr. 1 (2018): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2018.9.
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In the late 1950s and early 1960s, almost three decades after consensual sodomy was declared a crime in the USSR, voices began to speak out in favor of its decriminalization. This article traces the history of the ensuing debate on this issue, conducted between Soviet criminologists and legal academics in the period from 1965–75. Through a close reading of the related texts, I explore the evolution of the different positions put forward. These fall into two camps: on the one hand, legal scholars who, together with their graduate students, made the case for decriminalization, and on the other, criminologists affiliated with the Interior Ministry, who opposed their views. The article provides the first detailed historical account of this extraordinary discussion and contributes to expanding our scant knowledge on the history of homosexuality in the Soviet Union.
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Warren Johnson, Brian. „Legislating the witch: a genealogy of juridical thought“. Culture & History Digital Journal 7, Nr. 2 (17.01.2019): 021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2018.021.
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Long before the prosecution of individuals for witchcraft was rendered a legal impossibility in the states of modern Europe, the judicial and executive institutions of those states and their precursors were decisive in both legitimating and moderating, facilitating and constraining the detection, trial, and execution of alleged witches. If we are to impute more than unresolved cognitive dissonance to this paradoxical relationship of the apparatus of state to the perceived reality and threat of witchcraft, then the preconditions and contextual factors predicating that relationship bear investigation. This paper identifies genealogical traces of criminological, political, social, and religious thought embedded within several pivotal bodies of early-modern law pertaining to witchcraft, and attempts to infer the cultural, institutional, and textual sources and conditions from which they derive.
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Shelby, Renee. „Whose rape kit? Stabilizing the Vitullo® Kit through positivist criminology and protocol feminism“. Theoretical Criminology 24, Nr. 4 (24.12.2018): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480618819805.
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Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholarship has increasingly focused on the rape kit, with scholars critiquing the gendered biases that are enacted through the medico-legal exam and how the kit itself serves as a technoscientific witness of rape. However, little scholarship has focused on the discourses surrounding the early US Vitullo® Kit. This article traces the stabilization of the kit from 1973 to 1987, attending to how community advocates embraced technoscientific protocols to intervene in medico-legal evidence collection. I bring insights from criminology in conversation with STS, to examine archival records associated with the Vitullo® Kit. I argue the kit emerged as a strategic feminist and positivist criminological intervention, in which discourses about the perceived reliability and objectivity of protocol technoscience were believed to counter gendered stereotypes embedded in the justice system. This project, sheds new light on the neglected contributions of community advocates in developing this kit.
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Schildmann, Mareike. „Die Spur des Stoffs. Ermittlungsrausch in Friedrich Glausers Die Fieberkurve“. Sprache und Literatur 48, Nr. 1 (27.12.2019): 57–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/25890859-04801004.
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Abstract This article traces some of the fundamental poetological changes that the traditional crime novel undergoes in the work of the Swiss author Friedrich Glauser at the beginning of the 20th century. The rational-analytical, conservative approach of the criminal novel in the 19th century implied – according to Luc Boltanski – the separation of an epistemologically structured, institutionalized order of “reality” and a chaotic, unruly, unformatted “world” – a separation that is questioned, but reestablished in the dramaturgy of crime and its resolution. By shifting the attention from the logical structure of ‘whodunnit’ to the sensual material culture and “atmosphere” that surrounds actions and people, Glauser’s novels blur these epistemological and ontological boundaries. The article shows how in Die Fieberkurve, the second novel of Glauser’s famous Wachtmeister Studer-series, material and sensual substances develop a specific, powerful dynamic that dissipates, complicates, crosslinks, and confuses the objects and acts of investigation as well as its narration. The material spoors, dust, fibers, fingerprints, intoxicants and natural resources like oil and gas – which lead the investigation from Switzerland to North Africa – trigger a new sensual mode of perception and reception that replaces the reassuring criminological ideal of solution by the logic of “dissolution”. The novel thereby demonstrates the poetic impact of the slogan of modernity: matter matters.
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Homich, Dmitro. „A study and systematization of methods of thefts of natural gas are by interference with work of device of account“. Law Review of Kyiv University of Law, Nr. 1 (15.04.2020): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36695/2219-5521.1.2020.67.
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The results of the study of different ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance are considered in the article. A special attention is paid to the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The study has revealed that these ways include training actions, committing and hiding of criminological traces of such crimes. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas depend on the following factors: professional skills of the offender, construction of gas network, methods of direct impact on gas meters and their components. Results of studying given problem make it possible to systematize the actions of criminals aimed at direct abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter: by exposure time (regular and one-off), by form of influence (mechanic and magnetic methods). A way of committing a crime manifested itself in committing certain actions and left certain trace picture changing the environment. These changes reflected the ways of committing the crime, disclosed the professional and criminal skills of the offender. The techniques of committing crimes that were investigated were repeated. This pattern is objective in the investigation technique of the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter. The key finding of the study shows that the repetitive nature of such crimes is explained by the repetition of objective and subjective factors. It gives us reason to talk about similarity in the commission of crimes caused by a coincidence of species traits. The ways to commit abduction of natural gas by interfering with the work appliance includes acts that are naturally associated with the commission of a crime and aimed at preparing and hiding them.
Therefore, to prevent the abduction of natural gas by interfering with manipulation of a gas meter the study focused on revealing the ways of committing such crimes because they are of great use in their investigation. A list of ways to steal natural gas is not complete, new ways of abduction of natural gas will appear that will be characterized by greater level of concealment.
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O. A., Leonenko, Yesypenko O. H. und Rakhilchuk І.V. „Modern legal and organizational principles for the development of judicial examination in crime investigation“. Scientific Herald of Sivershchyna. Series: Law 2020, Nr. 2 (18.12.2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjlaw.2020.02.093.
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The scientific article is devoted to the problems of using forensic examinations and their results in the pre-trial investigation. Perspective directions of development of criminology according to its components are defined. The current state of develop-ment of forensic technology, tools and cybernetics in general, which is successfully used in forensics makes it possible to use retinal schemes to register criminals. It is noted that the development of forensic technologies involves the develop-ment of information retrieval programs, such as Automated Workplaces (AWP) for pre-trial investigation units of Ukraine, as well as other persons authorized to in-vestigate, reference information programs. It is effective to use global satellite positioning systems (JPS devices) while in-vestigating crimes, ZD laser scanners when inspecting the scene, as small elec-tronic devices allow you to capture the geographical coordinates of any point, loca-tion of objects at the scene, the distance between them rather quickly. A new step in forensics in the near future will be the use of "latent fingerprint" (LTF) technology, which will greatly simplify the identification of criminals. Methods of forensic examination in criminal proceedings and their improve-ment using the latest technologies that use computer programs such as "Photoro-bot", the use of audio and video, polygraph, spectrograph, etc. to reproduce human memory and the development of forensic technology, which involves development of information retrieval programs. These new approaches and knowledge used by forensics are a necessary con-dition for the rapid detection of the crime, detection and seizure of physical evi-dence for their further expert studying. The use of the latest achievements of forensic technology in the detection of hidden traces is the key to the formation of a quality evidence base and identifica-tion of a particular person during the pre-trial investigation. Key words: forensics, forensics theory, crime investigation, criminological means of research.
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Денисюк, С. Ф. „INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ILLEGAL PUBLIC USE OF DRUGS“. Juridical science, Nr. 1(103) (19.02.2020): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-103-1.33.
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The relevance of the article is that the spread of drug addiction and drug crime in Ukraine over the past ten years has become one of the most acute social problems, failure to solve which leads to harm to human health, negative impact on the social sphere, and is a threat to national security. Of particular concern in the light of socio-economic crises is the systematic use of illicit drugs and the increase in drug-related crimes. At the same time, the number of criminal offenses for illegal public use of drugs is increasing, which in turn requires the creation of the most advanced methods of detection and investigation of criminal offenses and the development of appropriate practical recommendations for the use of forensic techniques and tactics specific to a particular crime. The purpose of the article is to provide a forensic characterization of illegal public drug use. The scientific article analyzes the scientific positions of forensic scientists and proceduralists on the understanding of the conceptual category «forensic characteristics of a criminal offense» and further identification of the main elements of the forensic characteristics of criminal offenses. It is stated that forensic characteristics are a relevant scientific abstraction based on the analysis of investigative, expert, operational-search, judicial practice used by this practice through the methodology of investigation of criminal offenses of the relevant type, the starting point for which it is characteristic. Within the limits of the scientific article the following elements of the criminological characteristic of illegal public use of drugs are allocated and investigated: a) a way of commission of a criminal offense; b) a description of the identity of the offender; c) the subject of criminal encroachment; d) place of commission; e) typical traces of the crime.
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Голубев, Алексей Геннадьевич. „PENITENTIARY IDEAS AND their FOUNDATIONS IN the SCIENTIFIC WORK Of V. E. EMINOV (2005-2008)“. Vestnik Samarskogo iuridicheskogo instituta, Nr. 4(40) (14.12.2020): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37523/sui.2020.40.4.004.
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В статье изучаются научные идеи, изложенные доктором юридических наук, профессором В. Е. Эминовым в его научной и учебной литературе, в том числе в работах, написанных им совместно с другими авторами, в период с 2005 по 2008 г. Рассматривается исследование ученым института декриминализации тех или иных деяний, вопросов организации мониторинга применения статей Особенной части УК РФ. Важное место в научной работе В. Е. Эминова в этот период занимает криминологическая классификация и характеристика преступлений, а также создание концепции борьбы с организованной преступностью, что также рассмотрено в данной статье. Таким образом, в изучаемый период в научном творчестве В. Е. Эминова преобладают криминологические исследования, но их цель - способствовать дальнейшей систематизации и гуманизации системы наказаний, а их содержание - изучение и последующее реформирование законодательной основы исполнения наказаний. Исследуя научную работу об указанной выше концепции, автор статьи прослеживает взаимосвязь научных исследований в области криминологии, уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного права. В статье автор не только приводит цитаты из работ исследуемого ученого, но и комментирует их. В процессе комментирования описаний и выводов, сделанных В. Е. Эминовым и его соавторами, описываемые явления и процессы не только поясняются, но и актуализируются, в том числе путем приведения примеров обсуждения проектов реформ правоохранительных органов. Тем самым обращено внимание на необходимость воплощения некоторых высказанных ученым идей. При написании статьи применен преимущественно метод исторического и логического анализа. The article examines the scientific ideas presented by doctor of law, Professor V. E. Eminov in his scientific and educational literature, including works written by him together with other authors, in the period from 2005 to 2008. The study by scientists of the institute of decriminalization of certain acts, the organization of monitoring the application of articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is considered. An important place in the scientific work of V. E. Eminov during this period is occupied with criminological classification and characteristics of crimes, as well as the creation of the concept of combating organized crime, which is also discussed in this article. Thus, during the period under study in the scientific work of V. E. Eminov is dominated by criminological studies, but their goal is to promote further systematization and humanization of the punishment system, and their content is the study and subsequent reform of the legislative framework for the execution of punishments. Studying the scientific work on the above concept, the author of the article traces the relationship of scientific research in the field of criminology, criminal and penal law. In the article, the author not only quotes from the works of the researched scientist, but also comments on them. In the process of commenting on the descriptions and conclusions made by V. E. Eminov and his co-authors, the described phenomena and processes are not only explained, but also updated, including by giving examples of discussing projects of reforms of low enforcement agencies. Thus, attention is drawn to the need to implement some of the ideas expressed by the scientist. In the article the method of historical and logical analysis is mainly used.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Criminological traces"
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Záhorová, Štěpánka. „Metodika vyšetřování specifických případů vražd (se zaměřením na případy, v nichž pachatel předstírá, že jde o sebevraždu oběti)“. Master's thesis, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445880.
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Methodology of investigating specific homicides (focused on staged suicides) This diploma thesis deals with the methodology of investigating homicides and suicides, it determines the common and divergent traces left on a victim's body as well as on a crime scene and examines circumstances which motivate a perpetrator to stage a suicide. Last but not least, the thesis describes specific features of individual investigative acts. The aim of the thesis is not to bring a summary of the methodology of homicide investigation but it aims to draw the attention to the procedures typical for the investigation of murders which appear to be suicides and describes the ways how to distinguish staged suicides from the real ones. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first three chapters sum up the definitions of the terms homicide and suicide in criminal law and criminology, examine the circumstances prompting a murder perpetrator to stage a suicide, and describe the typical ways of committing homicides and suicides. The fourth chapter, which examines the important traces left on a victim's body and a crime scene, forms the core of the thesis. It brings the overview of the common and divergent traces in homicide and suicide cases and also the most frequently manipulated and faked traces in staged cases. The...
Bücher zum Thema "Criminological traces"
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Tomita, Hitoshi. Ranpo Tōkyō chizu =: Rampo Tokyo criminological map. Tōkyō: Sakuhinsha, 1997.
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Spierenburg, Pieter. The Rise of Criminology in its Historical Context. Herausgegeben von Paul Knepper und Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.20.
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This essay traces the origins and development of criminology from Beccaria up to about 1940, exploring the intimate connection between criminological thought and the contemporary cultural and social climate. In various ways, all pre-criminologists were influenced by the early bourgeois image of man, with free will and character building as its central tenets. Professionalization coincided with a cultural turn that greatly reduced the role of free will in human behavior, stressing instead heredity or other fixed structures. The concept of a “quest for purity” typifies the cultural undercurrent beneath all criminological theories up to 1914. The essay closes with an examination of the development of professional criminology from the late nineteenth century on, concentrating on the discipline’s contrasting fate in Germany and the Netherlands and arguing that there was no straight line from late nineteenth-century ideas about degeneration and born criminals to the racist fallacies of the Third Reich.
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Guiney, Thomas C. An Idea Whose Time Had Come. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803683.003.0003.
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The chapter traces the emergence of parole onto the policy agenda in England and Wales between 1960 and 1968. It examines the long-term historical trends in early release administration and how this gave rise to a reform agenda that was shaped by the prevailing optimism and confidence of the 1960s. It goes on to examine growing criminological support for indeterminate sentencing and the influence of the landmark Longford Committee Report Crime: A Challenge to Us All. Here it will argue that the initial policy scoping for a parole system in England and Wales was heavily influenced by the ‘rehabilitative ideal’ and a desire to give administrative expression to prevailing support for indeterminate and the personalization of punishment. The chapter concludes with an overview of the intense policy discussion that gave rise to the parole framework articulated in the ‘Adult Offender’ White Paper.
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Cavender, Gray, und Nancy Jurik. Crime, Criminology, and the Crime Genre. Herausgegeben von Paul Knepper und Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.16.
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For years, many criminologists have argued that the crime genre misrepresents crime and the criminal justice system, causing misperceptions among the public. However, other scholars have suggested that despite inaccuracies, the crime genre is actually far more reflective of the workings of the criminal justice system than previously thought. This essay traces the relationship of crime genre productions such as novels, film, and television to past and present criminal justice practices and trends. Focusing on three thematic linkage areas between the crime genre and criminal justice practice—science and technology, cultural diversity, and security/insecurity—it demonstrates both opposition and synchronicity in comparisons of the crime genre to real-world crime across time periods. The essay argues that the parallels as well as the divergences between fictional constructions and the “reality” found in criminological analyses can help scholars gain significant insight into the problems in each.
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Kowalsky, Sharon A. Continuity and Change. Herausgegeben von Paul Knepper und Anja Johansen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199352333.013.22.
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The Bolshevik takeover of Russia in 1917 initiated a major transformation of the position of women in Russian society as a result of its stress on universal contribution to economic production. As expectations for women shifted, anxieties about the nature of society and relationships increased. Soviet criminologists addressed these anxieties and helped to reinforce women’s traditional position in Soviet society by emphasizing the backwardness of women and the influence of female physiology on their criminal activity. This chapter traces the ways that Russian and Soviet criminologists adapted European ideas and created new criminological institutions to suit the political, ideological, and environmental conditions in Russia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It then explores how those ideas were applied to explain female criminal deviance, arguing that criminologists remained committed to physiological explanations of female offending even as they embraced sociological interpretations of crime.
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Walsh, Anthony, und Cody Jorgensen. Evolutionary Theory and Criminology. Herausgegeben von Rosemary L. Hopcroft. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190299323.013.35.
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Evolutionary criminology is part of a broader biosocial approach to criminology. The evolutionary perspective can help organize the hodgepodge of extant, and often contradictory, criminological theories in a coherent way, thus providing a more robust explanation of criminality. This chapter demonstrates the relevance of evolutionary theory to criminology, discusses the evolutionary origins of both prosocial and antisocial traits, and shows that evolutionary theory is invaluable to understanding two key issues that have been impervious to solution using the standard social science model—the sex ratio in criminal offending and the age–crime curve. The chapter also provides a discussion on the distal causes of traits conducive to criminal behavior as well as a Darwinian explanation of why humans can be altruistic toward some humans yet victimize others.
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Innes, Martin, und Helen Innes. Signal Crimes, Social Reactions, and the Future of Environmental Criminology. Herausgegeben von Gerben J. N. Bruinsma und Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.11.
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This chapter examines the precepts associated with the signal crimes perspective (SCP). It begins by setting out that a signal is something that transmits messages to an audience. Thinking in terms of signals and “signaling” opens up new ways of seeing crime, disorder, and social control. In particular, it keys into an event-based unit of analysis, as opposed to measuring impacts in an aggregated form. Having laid out the conceptual apparatus of the SCP, the discussion proceeds on to briefly consider how SCP compares with more established criminological frameworks for studying reactions to and consequences of crime. The latter sections of the chapter focus on the ways that changes to the information environment, associated with an era of “big data” and social media, are altering the incidents that signal and how their impacts travel across space and time.
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Bruinsma, Gerben J. N., und Shane D. Johnson, Hrsg. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.001.0001.
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The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across a number of research traditions. These include the neighborhood-effects approach developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920s; modern environmental criminology that explains the geographic distribution of crime; the criminology of place, which focuses on crime rates at specific places over time; and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime and disorder in communities. Aided by new mobile and digital technologies as well as improved data reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed at a rapid pace within each of these approaches. Despite these advances, research in the subfield of environmental criminology remains fragmented, and competing theories are often kept apart. This book takes a different approach and integrates the subfield as a whole. It covers the core theoretical and empirical issues of how and why the environment influences the emergence of crime and how crime can affect the environment. The chapters reflect the diversity in research and theory from all over the Western world. In addition to covering traditional criminological research, the book probes how well current theories of environmental criminology contribute to our understanding of new problems and how well theories travel to other areas, such as West Africa, in which cultural differences might lead to different patterns in offending.
Buchteile zum Thema "Criminological traces"
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Getoš Kalac, Anna-Maria. „Criminological Violence Research in the Balkans: Context and Setting“. In Violence in the Balkans, 23–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74494-6_3.
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AbstractThe Balkans may very well be considered a criminological space sui generis. As a whole, the region shares more common traits internally than it does externally towards its European context. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the region’s particularities, as relevant for understanding (lethal) violence and criminological research more generally speaking. The purpose of this chapter is to embed the BHS and its key findings in their Balkan-specific historical, religious, legal, and criminal justice context, while providing insights into the region’s criminological research setting. After having read through this chapter, one should be able to understand not only the challenges but also the benefits of conducting criminological research in the Balkans. One should thus be able to mentally explore the region as a kind of criminologically uncharted territory in order to map its full potential for the further study of crime and harmful behavior – both, with regard to homicide research and countless other criminological topics. Doing empirical research in and on the Balkans is in practice extremely challenging and exhausting, as we shall see, but at the same time proves to be tremendously rewarding, especially if one considers research to be an adventure and oneself a discoverer.
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Case, Steve, Phil Johnson, David Manlow, Roger Smith und Kate Williams. „13. Biological and psychological positivism“. In Criminology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198736752.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the contribution of biology and psychology to our understanding of crime and its causes from the perspective of individual positivism — those aspects of positivist criminological explanations that look for diffrences between criminal and non-criminal populations. It traces the development of biological and psychological positivist thinking from its roots in the nineteenth century through to more modern approaches in the twenty-first century where these biological and psychological traits are merely seen as one factor which may increase the likelihood of criminality rather than causing it. The chapter identifies the main biological and psychological theories relating to criminology and discusses the arguments of positivists regarding punishment and rehabilitation as a means to deal with offenders or criminals. It concludes with an analysis of learning theories that see most criminality as a product of learned behaviour.
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Case, Steve, Phil Johnson, David Manlow, Roger Smith und Kate Williams. „16. Biological and psychological positivism“. In The Oxford Textbook on Criminology, 475–513. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198835837.003.0016.
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This chapter discusses how theories from biology and psychology can help in understanding crime. It studies individual positivism: that is, those aspects of positivist criminological explanations that look for differences between criminal and non-criminal populations. Biological and psychological positivists believe that by measuring biological and psychological differences between offenders and non-offenders they will discover a clear explanation of criminal behaviour, a truth that explains criminal actions. When researchers discovered physical or biological differences between offenders and non-offenders they tended to assume that those characteristics were causative and explained the behaviour. However, there is a big jump between finding differences and assuming that the difference explains the behaviour. The chapter traces the journey of biological and psychological positivist thinking from its roots in the 19th century through to the approaches in the 21st century where these biological and psychological traits are merely seen as one factor which may increase the likelihood of criminality rather than causing it.
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Case, Steve, Phil Johnson, David Manlow, Roger Smith und Kate Williams. „5. Crime statistics“. In The Oxford Textbook on Criminology, 123–45. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198835837.003.0005.
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This chapter evaluates the importance of crime statistics in criminological studies. Crime statistics can give an indication of how much ‘crime’ is happening, for example how many robberies or car thefts have been counted in a particular year and area. They also help to identify and assess trends and patterns, such as shifts in types of crimes and perpetrators, increases and decreases in the number of offences and in more serious acts of deviance, like assault or murder. This knowledge enables us to decide on the appropriate responses to crime, and for ‘society’ and its state agencies to implement those responses. The chapter then traces the development of UK crime statistics, looking at the two main sources of UK crime statistics: police recorded crime and the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW).
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Moss, Eloise. „The ‘King of All Burglars’“. In Night Raiders, 21–42. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840381.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 charts the emergence of the ‘professional’ London burglar as a masculine, daring, and diabolically clever criminal type, embodied in the exploits of Charles Peace (d. 1879). Peace, a notorious burglar and murderer originally from Sheffield, committed twenty-six burglaries in London’s Blackheath district single-handed in 1878. Using inventive disguises, hand-made tools, and enjoying an extensive and prolific ‘career’, Peace gained a notoriety which endured into the late 1930s. Peace was exceptional. His life and criminal exploits were an anomaly among a much larger number of opportunistic thieves, whose burglaries, from predominantly working-class homes, were few and their rewards meagre. Why, then, did Peace become the archetype of burglars, upon whose legacy police and public were encouraged to dwell when deciding how to regulate the city and secure their homes? Chapter 1 traces how a real-life villain was turned into a legendary criminal, in a process that had profound implications for all subsequent versions of burglary whether legal, criminological, or circulating through popular culture.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Criminological traces"
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Милова, Ирина Евгеньевна, Никита Викторович Усенко und Ольга Ивановна Сахарова. „ANALYSIS OF CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL CRIMES“. In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/july318.2021.69.22.002.
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Статья посвящена анализу типичных свойств личности субъектов, совершающих должностные преступления. При этом подчеркивается высокий уровень латентности злоупотреблений данного вида, что осложняет их выявление. Обосновывается тезис, что выделенные черты способны создать основу программы пропедевтики. The article is devoted to the analysis of typical personality traits of subjects who commit official crimes. At the same time, the high level of latency of this type of abuse is emphasized, which complicates their detection. The thesis is substantiated that the selected features are able to create the basis of a propaedeutics program.
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Милова, Ирина Евгеньевна, und Марина Александровна Адеянова. „SOME ASPECTS OF THE CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC CRIME“. In Сборник избранных статей по материалам научных конференций ГНИИ «Нацразвитие» (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/july318.2021.88.86.003.
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Статья посвящена анализу типичных свойств личности субъектов, совершающих экономические преступления. При этом подчеркивается высокий уровень латентности злоупотреблений данного вида, что осложняет их выявление. Обосновывается тезис, что выделенные черты способны создать основу программы пропедевтики. The article is devoted to the analysis of typical personality traits of subjects who commit economic crimes. At the same time, the high level of latency of this type of abuse is emphasized, which complicates their detection. The thesis is substantiated that the selected features are able to create the basis of a propaedeutics program.