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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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S. L, Helen Japa Rose. „Life Values in the Proverbs used in Vilavangodu Region“. International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-16 (12.12.2022): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1616.
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Proverbs is one of the literary forms. Like folk songs, folk tales, fairy tales etc., proverbs belong to the genre of oral literature. A proverb is a language that originates from primitive knowledge. Describing an object in one or two lines without directly describing it is called riddles. In Tamil it is called pisi or nodi. These riddles help in developing intellectual activities. Mothers use riddles to develop their child's intellectual power. Proverbs have appeared in all the languages and it is intertwined with people's lives. Proverbs have been used by the Tamil people since the ancient time itself. Proverbs is the shortest form of oral language-based folk idioms. It has a great impact on people. Even today riddles are most commonly used by all humans. Our forefathers have used to say proverbs to indicate certain actions in the rural areas, to make comments and create awareness. It is infused with experience and knowledge. It can be said that it is the experience of a society's long-term circulation. In particular, proverbs describe something succinctly, clearly and beautifully. This article is in a position to establish how these proverbs are learned and used by the people Vilavankodu region.
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Mallaki, Zohre, Raziye Rostami und Fatemeh Noofeli. „Proverbs: As the Manifestation of the Folksy Literature and Their Harmony with the Characters of Jamalzade’s Stories“. Review of European Studies 9, Nr. 4 (17.09.2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n4p1.
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This study is going to analyze the relationship and harmony between the proverbs used in Jamalzade’s stories with the social situations of the characters. Jamalzade enjoyed this literature in order to get close to people’s daily language and make his works more impressive. The research’s data showed that Jamalzade could create a modern way of writing in Persian prose by using ordinary people’s language and culture and combining it with Persian. He not only uses proverbs—as one of the most important factors of folksy literature in the formation of his stories, but also puts his best to use them properly according to the characters’ social status; it has made his stories look more realistic. In fact, the relationship and appropriateness of the proverb and characters is such important for him that if he wants to use a proverb in several different situations, he make change in it.
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Canaj, Kimete. „Phraseological expressions and proverbs in Albanian folk’s dictionary“. International Journal of Teaching and Education 9, Nr. 2 (20.10.2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52950/te.2021.9.2.001.
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The purpose of this paper is to make a proverb analyses between the various phraseological expressions that originate from different regions in Kosovo, Albania, Macedonia, and Montenegro. The aim of this research is morphonological and pragmatical analysis of the Albanian proverbs due to empirical and theoretical phraseological methodology. What motivated us to write this paper is the fact that a relatively high number of this proverbs are used in phraseological expressions, so they are important in the respective culture and tradition. Idiomatic language is human-centred, because human body, or nature serves as an important source of idioms or proverbs as they resonate with anyone, both physically and metaphorically. These proverbs and idioms may display the philosophy of the people speaking Albanian language and serves as a window into the Albanian culture and tradition. Proverbs create accurate images in the mind that draw the reader's or listener's attention. Proverbs are not only used as stylistic features but also as persuasive arguments reflecting a people's way of life, culture, and tradition. Studying language makes one aware that proverbs provide insights into the linguistic situations of scientific creativity. Moreover, proverbs and phraseologies are incredibly diverse and enable students to understand the wide range of opportunities and expressions that the language offers.
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Nasir, Mohd Ridzuan Md, und Mary Fatimah Subet. „Malay proverbs in inquisitive Semantics approach lens: The case of Malaysian textbooks“. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 13, Nr. 2 (30.09.2023): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v13i2.63086.
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With reference to the Malay Language Secondary School Standard Curriculum, proverbs in Malaysian contexts are one of the language aspects that students needs to use integrated in the language teaching. This research identified proverbs in the Malaysian secondary school textbooks analyzed using inquisitive semantic approach. The proverbs data were obtained Form 4 and Form 5 Malay Language textbooks, from Ministry of Education Malaysia. Nine pieces of data were identified using the inquisitive semantics study framework involving three stages; surface meaning analysis, the semantics resonance analysis involving speaker’s cognitive by applying the Cross-reference Framework (Kempson, 1986) in the Relevance Theory (Sperber Wilson, 2986; 1995), and the meaning analysis using the inquisitive semantics approach (Jalaluddin, 2014). The study indicated the proverb meaning analysis starting from the knowledge of the meaning from the dictionary, followed by the meaning of the proverbs in the context of sentences, and the exploration into the philosophy and common sense underlying the formation of the proverbs. The study proposed that the textbooks stimulated students’ higher-order thinking skills with the inquiry method to create new discovery and knowledge. In conclusion, the textbooks offered teachers the proverbs analyzed by the inquisitive semantics approach as a teaching approach such to make the process of learning language in their classrooms more meaningful.
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Louis, Cameron. „Authority in Middle English Proverb Literature“. Florilegium 15, Nr. 1 (Januar 1998): 85–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.15.005.
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Proverbs are one method by which an ideology can be taught. They are pithy, memorable phrases and sentences that encapsulate guidance for behaviour in ethical situations or a particular view of the way the world functions or ought to function. If an individual saying becomes proverbial, it becomes part of the "common sense" and ideology of the culture in which it is used, a means by which people can be made to behave and perceive according to verbal reflexes, without recourse to thought (Cram 90-92). But if any piece of language is to affect the way people think and behave, it has to have authority. Folk proverbs carry their own authority within themselves. They do not need a source attribution for their validity; if everyone in the speech community recognises them as 'proverbial,' then the tradition behind them in itself gives them authority. Political and religious institutions, especially authoritarian ones, have long been aware of the power of the proverb to influence behaviour. In the medieval church, this acknowledgment sometimes took the form of the collection of popular proverbs by the clergy for the use of all, and at other times was manifested in the use of vernacular proverbs in the text of Latin sermons (Wenzel 80). But another possible reaction is to create new 'proverbs' which are more conducive to the ideology of the institution, in contrast to the undependable and sometimes ambiguous morality of folk proverbs, either by composing them or by finding them in written sources. Dictators like Mao Zedong have attempted to proverbialise their own sayings, which the populace is forcibly taught to mouth and bear in mind, so that it will behave and perceive in ways that are acceptable to authority. There is evidence that the English church also attempted to create its own body of proverbs during the Middle English period, for a substantial body of literature survives from that time which consists of lists of proverbial advice. Much of this literature appears to be an attempt to make use of the concept of the proverb, which had an oral tradition that went back to pre-literate, and pre-Christian times, but in a way more reliably conducive to a world-view and behaviour consistent with Christian dogma. These sayings were not really proverbial in the traditional sense, but more like direct, straight-forward instruction or advice. However, they seem nevertheless to have been regarded as 'proverbs' at the time, whether they originated with the church or not (Louis). In any case, because the new proverbs lacked the automatic authority of popular proverbs, they had to be framed in contexts which attempted to substitute a different kind of moral authority for the 'proverbial' utterances. These legitimising contexts were basically three: the domestic circumstance of a parent instructing a child; the more public situation of a ruler or philosopher instructing the people; and florilegia-like collections in which numerous utterances are attributed to various figures of history.
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Akem, Maformba Eveline. „AWING PROVERBS: FROM PATRIARCHY TO FEMINIST REVOLT“. EPH - International Journal of Educational Research 4, Nr. 1 (16.04.2020): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/ephijer.v4i1.65.
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Awing is a village found in the North West Region of Cameroon with a population of about 60000 inhabitants according to A wing Palace statistics (Shedmankah 2009:3). Awing society has moved from a patriarchal and hierarchical society to egalitarianism, from homogeneous society to heterogeneous one within the same indigenous set up. The patriarchal and hierarchical society in which the man takes initiative alone and controls production is now changing to one in which the woman has started taking initiative thus revolting against chauvinism and assuming her independence. This paper demonstrates though proverbs that there is a shift /move from the ideology of conservatism to that of egalitarianism in the Awing society as a result of the influence of contemporary issues. It also illustrates the role of the Awing female in social cohesion as spelt out in their proverbs. Proverbs are the wisdom of the ancestors and the best way of preserving language. So analysis of proverbs will show the present male hegemony and how women are revolting against it. The problem this paper raises is that there is a shift in ideology in Awing society. This will create confusion and destroy social cohesion. The moral value of proverbs will diminish in Awing community and people will become less interested in the use of proverbs, the excesses of the feminist movement is going to destabilise the Awing society. The African man has a role to play as well as the woman. If these roles are destabilised, there is no unity or social cohesion. Social cohesion takes place when each person plays his role. The fact that the feminist movement is attacking the traditional tenet of unity is dangerous and can never bring unity. About 90 proverbs are analysed using the (post) Marxist approach. Through these proverbs, the African thought in relation to the on-going struggle for women emancipation is expressed. These proverbs are collected from the Awing society and transcribed in the Awing language. The free translation method is used to bring out the English version with concentration on the context of the proverb and not on Grammar.
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Pratiwiningsih, Theresia. „NILAI KEARIFAN UNGKAPAN BUDAYA JAWA “RUKUN AGAWE SANTOSA” DALAM GAGASAN PEMIKIRAN EMMANUEL LEVINAS“. JURNAL ILMU BUDAYA 8, Nr. 2 (06.08.2020): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/jib.v8i2.10986.
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The focus of this research is the theme of Javanese local wisdom culture which related to Javanese proverb expressions about "Rukun Agawe Santosa". My aim is to explore further how these Javanese proverbs are carried out by the Javanese people themselves in daily life. To deepen this study the methodology that I used was Comparative Study with an awareness of the ethical values and harmony that was sparked in the Javanese proverb expression "Rukun Agawe Santosa". Through Emannuel Levinas's thoughts on Ethics and in the expression of Javanese local wisdom culture, I find that the value of environmental ethics is growing today due to the emergence of a stronger awareness of the importance of maintaining relationships with "the other" ie the earth and all its contents but in general, ethics are the most talked about in the context of human relations and ultimately the Javanese cultural expression "Rukun Agawe Santosa" becomes the main capital and the most appropriate way of creating solid unity and unity so as to create a strong and peaceful society.
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Shymko, Vitalii. „The Hemingway’s Six-Word Story Effect: A Psycholinguistic Verification“. PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 32, Nr. 1 (11.10.2022): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2022-32-1-189-206.
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Purpose. An empirical verification of the Hemingway’s “sad hypothesis” and study of some individual characteristics of a discourse formation in a process of short texts understanding.
Methods and procedure of research. The study was based on the principle of a standardized interview, which was carried out on a random sample (103 respondents) using the questionnaire. The subjects interpreted two proverbs and the short story by Hemingway (“For sale: baby shoes, never worn”). In each case, it was proposed to choose one of the six ready-made interpretations or to create an original one. Proverb explications were classified by experts as “normative” or “deviating”, and interpretations of the story were evaluated into “sad” or “pragmatic” ones. Also, a “normativity index” was calculated for each respondent, reflecting the number of normative renditions of proverbs. The Psychogeometric test was used, and such socio-demographic characteristics were recorded as: gender, age, having children.
Results. This study refutes the “sad hypothesis” regarding Hemingway’s six-word story affect. The prevalence of pragmatic type interpretation over sentimental one is statistically significant. The type of interpretation turned out to be not directly related to any of the considered socio-demographic characteristics. It was found that the sad interpretation of the story reliably corresponds to a high normativity of the proverbs explications. Conversely, respondents with deviating interpretations of proverbs were significantly more likely to interpret Hemingway’s story in a pragmatic way. Differential psychological features, which were distinguished using the Psychogeometric test, turned out to be an insignificant predictor of the six-word story interpretations.
Conclusions. The analysis of the research results made it possible to argue the thesis that the differences in the formation of individual discourses are directly related to a worldview and indirectly determined by other factors in turn influencing the outlook. The interaction of the worldview with discursive practice that arises in the process of short texts understanding is carried out according to differential scenarios. These scenarios are conditioned by such individual characteristics as discursive conformity and discursive lability, which, in turn, correspond with high and low normativity, respectively. Above features are cognitive in nature. Their ontological localization coincides with the I-language (Chomsky).
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AROWOSEGBE, Deborah Bamidele. „Depiction of Security Issues in Selected Yorùbá Proverbs“. Linguistics and Literature Review 7, Nr. 2 (15.12.2021): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.72/05.
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Yorùbá proverbs are a part of the wisdom lore of the Yorùbá race. The Yorùbá people value proverbs highly. They try to look for solutions to their problems in their proverbs. The prevailing criminal in Nigeria create an atmosphere of insecurity in the country. The question this paper intends to answer is whether the use of Yoruba proverbs can bring insecurity in Yorùbá land under control? To answer this question, adopting the sociology of literature, this study examined thirty security related Yorùbá proverbs collected through personal observations and published texts on Yorùbá proverbs. Our findings showed that false assumptions, bad company, and lack of foresight can bring about insecurity, while having foresight and making joint efforts can strengthen the security of Yorùbá land. The paper concludes that Yorùbá proverbs relevant to security matters can reduce the problems of insecurity in Yorùbá land if their teachings are utilised to guide them appropriately.
Keywords: insecurity, proverbs, vigilance, wisdom
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Lema, Emmanuel. „Sexism and misogyny in selected proverbs of the Chaga of Machame“. Umma: The Journal of Contemporary Literature and Creative Art 8, Nr. 1 (Dezember 2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56279/ummaj.v8i1.2.
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This work employs a feminist perspective to examine how some proverbs of the Chaga of Machame portray a sexist ideology that supports patriarchal relations as well as social systems or environments in which women face cultural stereotyping. It discusses the impressions that some proverbs create and how such impressions set rules which govern how women are, should be treated and how they are expected to behave. It has been argued that some life-long gendered attitudes towards women are evident in the selected proverbs and that they take part in the creation of a social system which explains how women are seen, represented and how gender relations are organized, promoted, and shaped. The paper shows that proverbs constitute a powerful rhetorical device for the shaping of moral consciousness, opinions, and beliefs.
Dissertationen zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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Gething, Kate. „The process of developing a novel proverbs task : is it possible to create a 'culture-fair' test of verbal abstract reasoning?“ Thesis, University of East London, 2007. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3809/.
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Within an increasingly multicultural society the largely 'Western' enterprise of Clinical Neuropsychology must endeavour to make assessments relevant to clients who do not speak English and who originate from different cultures. Previous attempts at such assessments have resulted in a largely non-verbal focus to assessments of abstraction, problem solving etc. This study investigates the possibility of developing a verbal 'culture-fair' test, with specific focus on verbal abstract reasoning. An understanding of the universal nature of proverbs has highlighted the utility of proverbs in constructing such a test. The initial aim was to develop the proverbs task, requiring the formation of novel proverbs unfamiliar to participants but containing universal themes. The novel proverbs task and existing measures of abstract reasoning and verbal ability were completed by participants who spoke English as either a first or second language and who originated from a variety of cultures. The scores on the measures were subjected to multivariate analysis. Analysis determined that within language and cultural analyses the proverb task was related to scores on other culturally bound verbal abstract reasoning tests. In addition, both the established 'culture-fair' abstract reasoning task and the proverb task did not differentiate between language or cultural groups. These and further analyses are placed within the literature of 'culture-fair' assessments with reference to clinical practice.
Bücher zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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Cretan music: Unraveling Ariadne's thread. Athens: Kerkyra Publications, 2007.
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Knapik, Aleksandra R. Jamaican Creole Proverbs From the Perspective of Contact Linguistics. Æ Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.52769/bl2.0015.
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JAMAICAN CREOLE, like many other contact languages, has taken its ultimate shape through the course of multi-lingual and multi-cultural influences. From the perspective of contact linguistics, this meticulous study examines Jamaican Creole proverbs in a corpus of over 1090 recorded sayings; it presents a framework of cultural changes in Jamaica accompanied by corresponding linguistic changes in its creole. The analysis clearly demonstrates that despite three centuries of extreme dominance by the British empire, Jamaicans successfully preserved the traditions of their own ancestors. Not only that. The poly-layered stimulus of various factors: geographic, cultural and, most prominently, linguistic, helped create a unique phenomenon – Jamaican creole culture. The vibrant life of the Jamaican people and their African background is best encapsulated in their proverbs, proverbs which constitute generations of wisdom passed from the 16th century and on.
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Kynes, Will. An Obituary for "Wisdom Literature". Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.001.0001.
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In the rise of Wisdom Literature in less than a century from obscurity to ubiquity, a number of crucial questions have been left unanswered. Most fundamentally, when, how, and why did the category, comprised essentially of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Job, develop? The definitional issues long plaguing Wisdom scholarship can be traced to that unquestioned “universal consensus.” This book unearths its origin, describes its distorting effect, and proposes an alternative approach. Absent from early Jewish and Christian interpretation, the Wisdom category first emerged in modern scholarship, with the traits associated with it, such as universalism, humanism, rationalism, and secularism, suspiciously mirroring the ideals of its nineteenth-century German birthplace. Since it was originally assembled to reflect modern values, biblical scholars have struggled to define the corpus on any other basis or integrate it into the theology of the Hebrew Bible. The problem, however, is not only why the texts were perceived in this way, but that they are perceived in only one way at all. This book builds on recent literary and cognitive theory to create an alternative approach to genre that integrates hermeneutical insight from various genre groupings. This theory is then applied to Job, Ecclesiastes, and Proverbs, mapping out the complex intertextual network contributing to each book’s meaning. Seen from multiple perspectives, these texts emerge in three dimensions, as facets previously obscured by the category are illuminated once again. The death of the Wisdom Literature category offers new life to both the so-called Wisdom texts and the concept of wisdom.
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Massey, Douglas S., Len Albright, Rebecca Casciano, Elizabeth Derickson und David N. Kinsey. Climbing Mount Laurel. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691196138.001.0001.
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Under the New Jersey State Constitution as interpreted by the State Supreme Court in 1975 and 1983, municipalities are required to use their zoning authority to create realistic opportunities for a fair share of affordable housing for low- and moderate-income households. Mount Laurel was the town at the center of the court decisions. As a result, Mount Laurel has become synonymous with the debate over affordable housing policy designed to create economically integrated communities. What was the impact of the Mount Laurel decision on those most affected by it? What does the case tell us about economic inequality? This book undertakes a systematic evaluation of the Ethel Lawrence Homes—a housing development produced as a result of the Mount Laurel decision. The book assesses the consequences for the surrounding neighborhoods and their inhabitants, the township of Mount Laurel, and the residents of the Ethel Lawrence Homes. Their analysis reveals what social scientists call neighborhood effects—the notion that neighborhoods can shape the life trajectories of their inhabitants. The book proves that the building of affordable housing projects is an efficacious, cost-effective approach to integration and improving the lives of the poor, with reasonable cost and no drawbacks for the community at large.
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Rubin, Julius. Melancholy. Herausgegeben von John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0017.
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Max Weber's concept of religious ethos proves important to the study of religion and emotion. Through the concept of religious ethos, Weber developed a structural phenomenology of religious experience, emotion, personality, and life-order. In the spirit of Max Weber, this article investigates a variety of religious ethics and their affinity with melancholy. These ethics include inner-worldly asceticism (Protestant evangelical pietism), other-worldly asceticism (Christian monasticism), and inner-worldly mysticism (apophaticism and quietism among Christian mystics, in Hasidism, and in Sufism). The discussion proceeds using Weber's concept of the ideal type, where each religious ethos is articulated with clarity and precision, in a logically consistent form that accentuates or exaggerates certain aspects of religious experience and expression. In this manner, ideal types create “logical utopias” that are not intended realistically to describe or to depict, photographically, the lived religion of peoples in concrete settings.
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Albert, Richard. Constitutional Amendments. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190640484.001.0001.
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Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions is both a roadmap for navigating the intellectual universe of constitutional amendment and a blueprint for building and improving the rules of constitutional change. Drawing from dozens of constitutions in every region of the world, this book blends theory with practice to answer two all-important questions: What is an amendment and how should constitutional designers structure the procedures of constitutional change? The first matters now more than ever. Reformers are exploiting the rules of constitutional amendment, testing the limits of legal constraint, undermining the norms of democratic government, and flouting the constitution as written to create entirely new constitutions that masquerade as ordinary amendments. The second question is central to the performance and endurance of constitutions. Constitutional designers today have virtually no resources to guide them in constructing the rules of amendment, and scholars do not have a clear portrait of the significance of amendment rules in the project of constitutionalism. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions shows that no part of a constitution is more important than the procedures we use change it. Amendment rules open a window into the soul of a constitution, exposing its deepest vulnerabilities and revealing its greatest strengths. The codification of amendment rules often at the end of the text proves that last is not always least.
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Ercolani, Eugenio, und Marcus Stiglegger. Cruising. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800348363.001.0001.
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When William Friedkin’s psycho thriller Cruising was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival and hit cinemas worldwide in 1980 it was mainly misunderstood: the upcoming gay scene dismissed it as an offence to their efforts to open up to society and a distorted image of homosexuality, prompting the distributors to add a disclaimer that preceded the picture: Genre audiences were confused about the idea of a sexualized cop thriller with procedural drama that frequently turns into a horror film with the identity of the killer changing with each murder. Seen from today’s perspective, Friedkin’s film turned out to be an enduring cult classic documenting the gay leather scene of the late 1970s as well as providing a stunning image of identity crisis and an examination of male sexuality in general. In the fading years of the New Hollywood era (1967–1976), William Friedkin—the ‘New Hollywood Wunderkind’, with an Academy Award for his cop drama, The French Connection (1971), and following the tremendous success of his horror film, The Exorcist (1973)—proves once more the strength of his unique approach in combining genre and auteur cinema to create a fascinating film that turns 40 in 2020. This book dives into the phenomenon that is Cruising: it examines its creative context and its protagonists, as well as explaining its ongoing popularity.
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Wall, Cindy, und Lynn Pawloski. The Maker Cookbook. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400681417.
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The Maker Movement is hot, and librarians are eager to participate. Even if you feel restricted by budget, staff, or space, this step-by-step guide will help you turn your library into a creativity center. The Maker Movement is sweeping the nation because it is creative and educational—and a lot of fun. Nonetheless, some librarians have hesitated to incorporate the movement into their programming because their libraries do not have dedicated makerspaces. If that describes you, then take heart. Written by librarians for librarians, this "cookbook" proves that every library is already a MakerPlace and provides you with recipes to make your library come alive with creativity. Easy-to-use, step-by-step guidance helps you create engaging K–8 programs in science and technology, arts and crafts, and home skills that are perfect for the library setting. The menu of ideas is broken into four types of programming. "Appetizers" add a taste of the Maker movement to existing library programs. "Entrees" present full programs for a lengthy one-day event or a short series. "Side Dishes" are programs you can use if you have limited staff, budget, space, or any combination of those. "Desserts" are low-tech programs, suitable for young children. Each "recipe" includes extensions, variations, and curriculum tie-ins that give you even more ways to present the program ideas, whether to a different audience or as part of other related activities. Programs that involve creating a "Balloon Zip Line," a "Zen Garden," or a "Maker Marketplace" will delight library users and generate activity and excitement in your library.
Buchteile zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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Brown, Chad E., Adam Pease und Josef Urban. „Translating SUMO-K to Higher-Order Set Theory“. In Frontiers of Combining Systems, 255–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43369-6_14.
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AbstractWe describe a translation from a fragment of SUMO (SUMO-K) into higher-order set theory. The translation provides a formal semantics for portions of SUMO which are beyond first-order and which have previously only had an informal interpretation. It also for the first time embeds a large common-sense ontology into an interactive theorem proving system. We further extend our previous work in finding contradictions in SUMO from first-order constructs to include a portion of SUMO’s higher-order constructs. Finally, using the translation, we can create problems that can be proven using higher-order interactive and automated theorem provers. This is tested in several systems and used to form a corpus of higher-order common-sense reasoning problems.
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Zhang, Liao, Lasse Blaauwbroek, Cezary Kaliszyk und Josef Urban. „Learning Proof Transformations and Its Applications in Interactive Theorem Proving“. In Frontiers of Combining Systems, 236–54. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43369-6_13.
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AbstractInteractive theorem provers are today increasingly used to certify mathematical theories. To formally prove a theorem, reasoning procedures called tactics are invoked successively on the proof states starting with the initial theorem statement, transforming them into subsequent intermediate goals, and ultimately discharging all proof obligations. In this work, we develop and experimentally evaluate approaches that predict the most likely tactics that will achieve particular desired transformations of proof states. First, we design several characterizations to efficiently capture the semantics of the proof transformations. Then we use them to create large datasets on which we train state-of-the-art random forests and language models. The trained models are evaluated experimentally, and we show that our best model is able to guess the right tactic for a given proof transformation in 74% of the cases. Finally, we use the trained methods in two applications: proof shortening and tactic suggesting. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that tactic synthesis is trained on proof transformations and assists interactive theorem proving in these ways.
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Constantin, Sandra V. „The Postponement of Family Formation Due to Employment Instability“. In A Life Course Perspective on Chinese Youths, 101–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57216-6_7.
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AbstractThis chapter reveals that the lengthening of the period of schooling, for the 1980s birth-cohort, delayed their entry into the workforce and financial autonomy. Job-seeking is likened to a “rat race”, emphasizing the importance of prestigious University degrees to find a job. Young adults face more and more challenges finding stable employment, with many experiencing job instabilities. Unemployment rates rise, particularly impacting those with rural hukou and lower educational achievements.Prolonged schooling and delayed stable employment lead to postponed transitions to marriage and parenthood for the 1980s birth-cohort compared to the 1950s. These shifts often create tensions and misunderstandings with parents who grew up and who were socialized in a very different social context.This chapter examines in-depth family trajectories and depicts the rise of independent lifestyles nestled between filial and conjugal ties. During this specific time lapse, young adults have jobs but are not yet burdened by family responsibilities. Findings reveal that while the housing market leans towards buying, gaining homeownership proves more and more challenging, particularly for those in precarious employment.
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Arosio, Laura. „What People Leave Behind Online: Digital Traces and Web-Mediated Documents for Social Research“. In Frontiers in Sociology and Social Research, 311–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11756-5_20.
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AbstractIndividuals and groups leave evidence of their lives when they are engaged in their activities. In this way, they create a rich amount of material that tells us about their behaviours, opinions and values. This material is not created for research purposes and is different from that solicited by researchers. In recent decades, the spread of new communication technologies has amplified the possibility of creating and disseminating this kind of data outside the research context.In this chapter, what people leave behind (WPLB) online is studied from a strictly methodological point of view. What kind of evidence are researchers dealing with? Is it possible to reconnect it with the traditional methodological framework? We suggest that data left behind by people and groups on the Internet should be divided into three different categories: online found data (digital traces), online retrieved data (web-mediated documents) and online captured data (online behaviours). The phase of contextualization proves essential in understanding the very nature of (online) data.This work leads to rediscovering the potential of classical methodological tools such as simple observation, documentary analysis and trace analysis. These practices provide methodological value to research projects that analyse WPLB in physical and web-mediated environments.
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Mantero, Claudio. „Sustainable, Smart and Safe Mobility at the Core of Sustainable Tourism in Six European Islands“. In Sustainable Mobility for Island Destinations, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73715-3_1.
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AbstractTransport and tourism are rising economic sectors based on their mutual growth on reliable technological tools, affordable energy sources in relatively peaceful decades. This growing trend, faced along years of sudden slowdown caused mainly by the financial and health crisis; one of the most severe and recent episodes was the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic outbreak is representing a global turning point for both international markets of tourism and transport which can be addressed with innovative solutions looking to retake the growing trends. In such a changing framework CIVITAS DESTINATIONS European project addressed the main challenges of tourism and resident mobility at local (rural, urban area, large city) and regional levels, focusing on six European islands (Malta, Cyprus, Elba, Crete, Gran Canaria, Madeira) aiming to implement and evaluate 83 different sustainable mobility measures. The project proves to have a cumulative relevant impact on environmental indicators such as CO2 emission avoided, fossil fuel saved and energy saved. Additionally, the project findings focus on the quality of life and economic development to grant long-run environmental and financial sustainability of tourism and transport at the local and regional levels. The main aspects observed were related to public participation and governance models in touristic mobility integrated with the residents’ needs, touristic mobility the island, role of technologies to focus on final user needs, growing trends of elder and disabled people, new integrated and innovative business in tourism and mobility markets, health at the core of future trends.
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Татулич, Ірина Юріївна. „Глава 11. Проблемні аспекти окремого провадження в межах цивільного процесуального законодавства та шляхи їх вирішення“. In Серія «Процесуальні науки», 359–95. Київ, Україна: Видавництво "Алерта", 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59835/978-617-566-770-5-2-11.
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The article proves the relevance of the study of separate proceedings cases and the importance of judicial practice, especially during the period of martial law. Attention is focused on improving the procedural features of all categories of separate proceedings and developing a universal procedure for their consideration and resolution to create a special procedure that will differ from other types of proceedings and have certain specifics.The author addresses the question of determining the jurisdiction in some categories of cases. Attention is paid to the issue concerning the subject-matter composition of separate proceedings cases, in particular their characteristics, types, rights and obligations, and the procedure for involvement in the case. There is substantiated the necessity for a regulatory settlement of the issue of enshrining in the norms of the Civil Procedure Code interested persons along with the applicants and their mandatory involvement in the case consideration.The status of the prosecutor in a separate proceeding has been analyzed, and his/her obligatory participation in cases concerning changes in the legal status of the natural person has been determined. Having analized legal acts and legal literature there have been identified separate proposals on improving the procedure of consideration of cases on recognition of a natural person as incapacitated. The conclusion was made regarding the expediency of expanding the circle of subjects authorized to initiate the issue of annulment of the court’s decision in these cases. In addition, the range of participants in the case of recognizing a natural person as missing or declaring him/her dead is also subject to expansion.The article examines the issues of the institution of evidence and proof. It is noted that the principle of adversariality is implemented in cases of separate proceedings. Based on the analysis of normative legal acts, the positions of scientists and procedural scientists, the author has concluded the inconsistencies of the norms of material and procedural legislation and the need to make changes to the Civil Code of Ukraine and to improve the Civil Procedure Code of Ukraine, which will positively affect the judicial practice of their application.
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Seitel, Peter. „Heroic Society in lnterlacustrine Africa“. In The Powers of Genre, 83–174. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117004.003.0004.
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Abstract These points have already been made with respect to proverbs, but they bear repeating. In the Haya proverb, “He who doesn’t travel says, ‘My mother cooks (best)”‘ (Atagencla ati, ‘Mae achumba’), insufficient experience and deficient judgment are implicitly contrasted with adequate experience and judgment to artiulate a theme more blandly expressed as “experience teaches.” The proverb’s theme creates meaning in conversation. Thus, from my analytic point of view, the theme of the quoted proverb is the causal relationship between experience and judgment rather than mother, child, nurturance, or any archetypal constellation of these symbols. Themes are culture-specific, abstract categories; they entail semantic associations and contrasts; they create meanings when used in performances.
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Seitel, Peter. „The Logic of Proverbs“. In The Powers of Genre, 35–48. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117004.003.0002.
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Abstract In this chapter, I begm to present and illustrate an interpretive method based in the powers of genre. Proverbs demonstrate that compositional finalization produces a logical form-the characteristic shape of truth in the world defined by a genre. This single, simple shape can be transformed in a number of ways to create a myriad of texts and to interpret them. It is the skeletal support of non¬ narrative genres like proverbs as well as narrative genres and is crucial to interpretation in both. To an insider, it is a compass-rose that indicates dimensions within a literary horizon, showing the headings in which significance may lie. To an outsider, compositional form not only assists an initial sorting and clasifying of texts but also, much more important, is both the Archimedean fulcrum that levers an understanding of an imagmed world and the surveyor’s transit that keeps an elaborate interpretive edifice plumb, level, and square.
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Abrahams, Roger D. „Insult“. In Folklore, Cultural Performances, And Popular Entertainments, 145–49. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195069198.003.0019.
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Abstract Originally a figurative jump over someone else; hence, later, a triumph over someone, an attack intended as an affront. Today insult is used somewhat more broadly to refer to a range of rude or insolent expressive acts which, intentionally or not, create animosity. Those who study language in social contexts approach insults as units of ongoing speech that are contrived acts of rudeness or personal challenge intended to intensify a conflict relationship between the insulter and those to whom the insult is directed. In Western speaking systems, which value the appearance of spontaneity, the study of such turns of phrase shows them to be conventional and learned, part of a practiced conversational repertoire, like proverbs and other traditional examples of verbal art (see also Ethnography Of Speaking; Proverb).
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Ramazanova, M. Sh. „SEMANTIC-STYLISTIC DIFFERENTIATION OF PHRASEOLOGISTS IN AVAR FOLK FAIRY TALES“. In Caucasian Languages: Genetic-Typological Communities and Areal Relations. Collection of articles based on the materials of the VII International Scientific Conference, 219–25. Publishing house "Alef", Makhachkala, Russia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/caucaslanguages2021/31.
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According to the structure and generalized integral semantics inherent in them, two main groups of phraseological units are distinguished. One group consists of phraseological units that are equivalent in their semantics to a sentence, others act as semantic equivalents of words and phrases. Phraseological expressions, which include proverbs and sayings, perform the corresponding stylistic functions as vivid expressive means. One of the ways to create imagery in Avar proverbs is parallelism.
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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Токко, Наталия. „Влияние пандемии коронавируса на пословичный фонд немецкого и русского языков“. In Россия — Германия в образовательном, научном и культурном диалоге. Конкорд, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37490/de2021/024.
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The author of the article analyzes the Russian and German anti- proverbs that arose in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, identifies the causes of their appearance, their functions, and attempts to reveal the mechanisms that create the comic effect.
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Kalaitzi, Despoina, Evridiki Papachristou und Spyridon Spiros Papadimitriou. „Architecture Techniques Merge with 3D Apparel Draping (to Create a Collection)“. In 20th AUTEX World Textile Conference - Unfolding the future. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-gm606z.
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The paper seeks to unfold the interrelationship and interaction between architecture and fashion disciplines. This research aims to explore ways of introducing architectural and computational tools into design processes of a fashion collection. In terms of methodology, the catalogue of the exhibition “RRRIPP!! Paper Fashion” which describes the history of paper garments was studied, in combination with an analysis of Iris Van Herpens’ parametric dresses via architectural diagrams. Different styles and the development of their patterns were also studied, overcoming the lack of pattern making and anthropometry knowledge that architects could face. A series of experimentations were made, using the paper as the main material. In these experimentations the paper was transformed into a garment that dresses the body via folding techniques, by following: Folding techniques for designers. The results revealed that the body is the main axis of the design process. Based on this conclusion an algorithm was developed, in 3D software platforms, as a solution/tool for the experimentations but also for a broader use from a fashion expert. The algorithm needs as an input the persons’ body measurements, such as the circumference of bust, waist, hips etc. and outputs the digital 3D representation of that specific body. This algorithm converts each different and unique body type into an asset for both exhibitional and design purposes. Α paper garment was finally developed by using the algorithm and the paper models that were the result of the experimentation process. Different folding techniques were applied on the paper that transformed it into a “smart” surface that combines the principles of shape, structure and ornament. The final product proves that architectural tools can cooperate well with the fashion disciplines in order to provide unique results.
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Pereira, André G., Luciana S. Buriol und Marcus Ritt. „Solving Moving-Blocks Problems“. In XXX Concurso de Teses e Dissertações da SBC. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ctd.2017.3464.
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Moving-blocks problems are extremely hard to solve and a representative abstraction of many applications. Despite their importance, the known computational complexity results are limited to few versions of these problems. In addition, there are no effective methods to optimally solve them. We address both of these issues. This thesis proves the PSPACE-completeness of many versions of moving-blocks problems. Moreover, we propose new methods to optimally solve these problems based on heuristic search with admissible heuristic functions and tie-breaking strategies. Our methods advance the state of the art, create new lines of research and improve the results of applications.
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Roh, Cheol Hwan, Mohd Hisham Abd Hamid, Zaidi Awang@Mohamed, Lie-Ernest Ndong Nguema, Yvonne Tan, Diana Madi, Daeng Dahasry et al. „First Screenless Fracpack Application in Malaysia Proves to Be a Viable Development Method for Brown Fields and Marginal Fields“. In Gas & Oil Technology Showcase and Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214070-ms.
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Abstract As part of well cost reduction initiative, screenless fracpack has been successfully applied in Field D in which gravelpack or fracpack have been the prevalent sand control completion methods. This paper discusses the first application of screenless fracpack in Malaysia with description on design process, implementation method, challenges in design and execution, production performance, and the recommended way forward. Typical gravel pack or fracpack would require installation of downhole screen and packer assemblies, followed by gravel pack or fracpack pumping. The associated cost ranges from USD 1 million to USD 2 million for a multi-zone well. However, screenless fracpack application eliminates the high-cost screen and packer assemblies. Perforations are made with vertically oriented 0-180 degree phasing (up and down) to maximize fracture alignment with perforations as well as to minimize potential sand production from the perforations without fracture. Subsequently, perforations and near wellbore matrix are treated with resin injection to consolidate near wellbore formation in ensuring good sand/fines control in formation that is not fractured. Hydraulic fracturing utilizes tip screen out method to create short fracture length and wide fracture width to maximize dimensionless fracture conductivity. Proppant can be resin coated or treated with network of fibers to control proppant flowback in absence of downhole screen assemblies. All planned procedures have been successfully conducted. Perforations were made in a short interval i.e. about 2m in length with limited entry 4 SPF/ 0-180 degree phasing. Dynamic underbalance technique was incorporated to maximize open perforations effectively. Resin injection plan was dropped due to low permeability and low injectivity. Resin squeeze into a tight formation can end with either incomplete resin and overflush injection, or fracturing with the viscous resin, either of which would damage the formation. A highly conductive fracture has been created with tip screen out. Nolte Smith log-log plot showed a unit slope, an indication of tip screen out. Proppant flowback control was obtained with resin coated proppant. Post screenless fracturing, the well was carefully unloaded and cleaned. Well production showed good productivity and effective sand control. Currently, other fields are being studied and considered for the same application. Screenless fracpack is applied for the first time in a field offshore Malaysia. It is a bold step change whereby gravelpack or fracpack are commonly used as sand control. The application was driven by well cost reduction effort and the application is currently considered for replication in other fields. The benefit of the new method is not only the well cost savings by elimination of screen and packer assemblies, but it also provides full bore access and simpler well interventions. This application helps in brownfield and marginal field development whereby small reserves may negatively project economics due to high cost for gravelpack or fracpack installation.
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Bujnak, Jan, und Petra Bujnakova. „Structural Failure Studies“. In IABSE Workshop, Helsinki 2017: Ignorance, Uncertainty, and Human Errors in Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/helsinki.2017.109.
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Case studies of structure failures due to accidental actions are presented in the paper. Bad design does not mean only errors of computation, but incorrect theories or confidence in inaccurate data. The bridge structure failure during concrete pouring due to combination of the above reasons proves this statement. The next example of a sufficiently designed and constructed temporary platform illustrates importance of proper operations. Even an excellently constructed hall could not stand on bad foundations. Some failures are not the result of poor project, but the consequence of unforeseen events that create uncommon loads on structures. But, the main goal of the paper is to help construction engineers, workers, project managers, and regulatory bodies identify problems in construction design, project execution and management of field engineering practise.
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CONSTANTIN, Marius, Raluca Mihaela DRĂCEA, Raluca IGNAT, Carmen Lenuţa TRICĂ, Cristian TEODOR und Bogdan-Cristian CHIRIPUCI. „TELEWORK – A MODERN FORM OF ECONOMIC RESILIENCE IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETIES“. In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2022/11/07.
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In knowledge-based societies, adapting to constantly changing economic environments pushes companies and institutions to create, co-create or acquire knowledge. The objective of this research was to investigate telework as a modern form of economic resilience in knowledge-based societies by carrying out a statistical analysis on the GDP composition in the case of the EU-27 members and then connect the results with statistical data concerning teleworking and intelligent device usage at work, based on the double dendrograms – clustered heat maps method. In this paper, the economic structure of the EU-27 members was put in the spotlight of the research, emphasizing that rapid efficient responsiveness to knowledge-driven change is one of vectors that consolidate a modern form of economic resilience. In Europe, teleworking has been continuously evolving since its emergence as a modern form of labour and economic resilience, yet it is far from reaching its full potential. Results show that the information and communication sectors from Ireland, Cyprus, Sweden and Malta favour teleworking as a form of economic resilience. This research proves the opportunity for fostering telework as an efficient instrument to enhance economic resilience.
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Harvey, Phil, und Sadik Esener. „Compensation of Thickness Variations in a Fabry-Perot Modulator Array using a Self Tuned Fabry-Perot Structure“. In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1995.ltua4.
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Many optical modulators achieve improved performance when used in a Fabry-Perot (FP) configuration[1-3]. This is due to the increased interaction of the light with the modulator active material. A conventional FP modulator consists of an active layer (electrooptic, electroabsorptive, or optically active material) acting as a cavity sandwiched between two dielectric or metal mirrors. To increase the interaction in the cavity, higher reflectance mirrors are required resulting in higher finesse cavities[4]. However, as the finesse increases, the cavity thickness tolerance decreases. This proves to be a serious practical limitation when building large size and/or large arrays of FP modulators (e.g. wafer size). Only when fabrication techniques that create materials one monolayer at a time are used does it become possible to build uniform FP modulator arrays.
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Geiger, Manuel, Franziska Jago und Susanne Robra-Bissanzt. „Physical vs. Digital Interactions: Value Generation Within CustomerRetailer Interaction“. In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.12.
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The traditional retail sector is currently facing major challenges, particularly due to digitalisation and the associated changes in customer behaviour, increasing demands in the service world, new technologies and other factors. The COVID19 pandemic has accelerated and intensified this process. From a retailer's point of view, it is essential to create value for the customer through digital interactions. In this article, a study based on the Value in Interaction Model investigates whether it is possible for physical retailers to make a digitally supported interaction as valuable as the direct contact in the store and what influence this has on the Perceived Relationship Quality. The results show that the difference in perceived value between the physical and digital retailer interaction is relatively small. This proves that when the interaction layers are actively designed with a focus on value, a digital interaction can be almost as valuable as the traditional in-store interaction.
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Pirvulescu, Luminita, Despina-Maria Bordean, Aurica-Breica Borozan, Narcis Gheorghe Baghina und Diana Moigradean. „EVALUATION OF SOME GLUTEN-FREE GRAINS BASED NUTRITIONAL PROFILE“. In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023/6.1/s25.19.
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The technology for producing gluten-free products based on grains flour continues to improve, which appreciably increases the nutritional importance of these products and expands the assortment of inexpensive gluten-free food products of domestic production. The aim of the addressed topic was to characterize the mineral composition and total antioxidant capacity of millet, flax and buckwheat flours and to identify some potential characteristics to help create healthier products with specific fingerprints. The case study regarding millet, flax and buckwheat flours was carried out in the Food Analysis Laboratory within ULST. All three are gluten-free flours that can be used as an alternative to wheat flour for people which choose to eat gluten free products or have celiac disease or gluten intolerance. To carry out the study were performed minerals content analysis using XRF Hitachi XMET8000 Analyzer and total antioxidant capacity using CUPRAC method. The obtained results were compared with those presented in different scientific articles and databases (USDA, FoodB). The statistical evaluation of data was done using PAST and MVSP. The data corresponding to the mineral content proves that millet flour has a mineral composition relatively similar to flax flour, but less similar to buckwheat flour. The Principal Component Analysis shows that flax and buckwheat flours cannot replace millet flour. The mineral analysis of different gluten free flours can help create food products with variable mineral content based on the need of different consumers.
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Wu, Shih-Jeh, Ching-An Jeng und Chen-Ming Kuo. „Ultrasonic Evaluation of Ceramics With Micro-Cracks“. In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1961.
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Materials used in high-pressure vessels may be subjected to rapid temperature change, which may induce micro-cracks on the surface and into material. The growth of micro-cracks is detrimental to facility life. Chromium carbide (Cr3C2) has been proved to be a potential structural material for toughening alumina in biomedical and industrial applications because of its high Young’s modulus and erosion resistance. On the other hand, TiC/Al2O3 composite has been used as a magnetic head slider due to its good wear resistance and mechanical strength, and potentially could be an excellent lining material. In this study we thermally shocked ceramic material in disc shape to create different degrees of micro-cracking and use ultrasound attenuation technique to evaluate the damage. This includes narrow band tone burst at different frequency. The results showed significant dependence between ultrasonic attenuation and shock temperature. Corresponding SEM pictures show although the size of micro-crack doesn’t change, the depth of the micro-cracks increases. It is demonstrated that ultrasonic attenuation proves to be a reliable tool for evaluating micro-fractures in solids.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Cretan Proverbs"
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Grimley. PR-015-07605-R01 Lower-Cost Liquid Meter Prover Calibration Method. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), Juni 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010979.
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To maintain measurement accuracy, stationary volume provers must be re-proved periodically. The most direct method of determining a provers volume is through a process known as water drawing where water is circulated through the prover and swept into certified measurement volumes. Since the can volumes can be directly calibrated by national metrology agencies, the traceability chain is short. However, proving with water requires that the prover be first cleaned of any hydrocarbon product that may alter the working volume of the prover and create waste products that must be handled properly. The master meter method uses the flowing product instead of water for the prover calibration and, therefore, eliminates substantial on-site waste handling issues. A master meter system consists of a portable volume prover and a turbine or positive displacement meter that is plumbed in series with the stationary prover to provide the calibration. The increased uncertainty associated with the two-step process of proving with a master meter is specifically mentioned in the API references concerning liquid meter proving; however, there has not been significant published testing to assess the differences in the methods. The objective of this project was to provide a comparison between the volume determined via the water draw method and that determined via the master eter method. A new stationary prover was used as the target device for the prover trials. Two water draw calibrations were performed and compared to the factory-provided water draw volume. The water draw results showed that with consistent measurement techniques, the results from three independent sources were within 0.02%. It is important to note that one data set had to be adjusted (based on tests) to provide this level of agreement.
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Weil, Clifford F., Anne B. Britt und Avraham Levy. Nonhomologous DNA End-Joining in Plants: Genes and Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7585194.bard.
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Repair of DNA breaks is an essential function in plant cells as well as a crucial step in addition of modified DNA to plant cells. In addition, our inability to introduce modified DNA to its appropriate locus in the plant genome remains an important hurdle in genetically engineering crop species.We have taken a combined forward and reverse genetics approach to examining DNA double strand break repair in plants, focusing primarily on nonhomologous DNA end-joining. The forward approach utilizes a gamma-plantlet assay (miniature plants that are metabolically active but do not undergo cell division, due to cell cycle arrest) and has resulted in identification of five Arabidopsis mutants, including a new one defective in the homolog of the yeast RAD10 gene. The reverse genetics approach has identified knockouts of the Arabidopsis homologs for Ku80, DNA ligase 4 and Rad54 (one gene in what proves to be a gene family involved in DNA repair as well as chromatin remodeling and gene silencing)). All these mutants have phenotypic defects in DNA repair but are otherwise healthy and fertile. Additional PCR based screens are in progress to find knockouts of Ku70, Rad50, and Mre11, among others. Two DNA end-joining assays have been developed to further our screens and our ability to test candidate genes. One of these involves recovering linearized plasmids that have been added to and then rejoined in plant cells; plasmids are either recovered directly or transformed into E. coli and recovered. The products recovered from various mutant lines are then compared. The other assay involves using plant transposon excision to create DNA breaks in yeast cells and then uses the yeast cell as a system to examine those genes involved in the repair and to screen plant genes that might be involved as well. This award supported three graduate students, one in Israel and two in the U.S., as well as a technician in the U.S., and is ultimately expected to result directly in five publications and one Masters thesis.
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Balandina, Nadiya. STRUCTURE OF MEDIAENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF LEXICAL INNOVATIONS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, März 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12167.
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Using theoretical and empirical methods, this paper proves that the modern mediaenvironment is a complex configuration made by the material and the virtual components and is reflected in the language in various ways. Innovative lexis with the component media and its systematization has become the key to understanding the mediareality, in particular, detecting the constituent elements of the structure of the mediatized environment. In total, 455 lexemes chosen from the Ukrainian dictionaries, academic publications, and the results provided by Google search engine have been analyzed. The systematization of the lexical units have been done according to the principle of the lexical and semantic field, and as the result macro-, midi-, and mini-fields have been allocated with the subsequent ranging of the lexis into the core, the centre, and the periphery. Within the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT, the midi-fields have been located – TECHNICAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, and SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE. The conceptual core of the macro-field MEDIAENVIRONMENT has been shown to form lexemes signifying space specified from the point of view of temporality, structuredness, contextuality, and evaluation. TECHNICAL midi-field is represented by the names of media equipment; TECHNOLOGICAL midi-field – by the names of methods, processes, and ways of using media equipment. The structural and semantic framework of the SOCIO-COMMUNICATIVE concentre is represented by mini-fields: WHO – FOR WHAT PURPOSE – WHAT – CHANNEL – TO WHOM – EFFECTS. The senders of information are shown as social institutions, groups, and individuals. The nominations of the addressee reflect the transformation of the passive information consumer to the user. The informational object has been specified according to its form, meaning, and the virtual «shell». The wide array of names for communication channels shows the link between the social field with the technical and technological ones, with their relative autonomy. The effects of consuming the information are verbalized by a smaller number of lexemes, largely of behavioral and evaluative nature. To sum up, the specified groups of neolexemes with the component media create a qualitative-quantitative hierarchical structure, the most numerous parts of which serve as the indicators of the most media-determined spheres of socioenvironment. Key words: mediaenvironment, structure, verbalization, neolexemes with the component media, lexical-semantical field.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.