Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Crâne – Muscles“

Twenty-one female steel industry traverse crane operators with long-term sick-leave (3 (1-8) years) due to chronic neck disability underwent careful analysis of case history, physical status and electrogoniometric three-dimensional recordings of active neck motion. Results were compared with those from working female crane operators having identical work posture and tasks and, further, with a group of working female clerks. The sick-listed crane operators had previous frequent contacts with the primary health care because of complaints from the neck and back. In comparison with the reference groups, the sick-listed crane operators showed tenderness of the trapezius and levator scapulae muscles and a short neck stature in combination with impaired active neck motion range with reduced motion speed. The motion pattern was however unchanged. The findings are consistent with the clinical picture of chronic neck myalgia that persisted despite long-term absence from the previous exposure to high static work load upon the neck-shoulders.

Abstract Myolaimus byersi n. sp., a phoretic associate of the crane fly, Limonia (Rhipidia) schwarzi (Diptera: Limoniidae), was recovered from moist and decaying tissue from the crown shaft of a living spindle palm, Hyophorbe verschaffeltii, in southern Florida and is described herein. Dauers were carried in the abdominal folds of male and female L. schwarzi. Examination of the highly mobile crane fly larvae and pupae confirmed that the dauers were externally associated with the cuticle. Dauers from crane flies were culturable to adults on 1/20 strength TSB agar. The association appears to be relatively host specific. SEM studies, early embryonic development, dauers, molecular data and TEM ultrastructural comparisons of the stoma, sensory structures and sperm are used to discuss the relative placement of Myolaimus within the Nematoda. The stoma resembles diplogastrids in being strongly anisomorphic with an enlarged dorsal sector of the stegostom, yet also resembles rhabditids in having three triangular flaps in the metastegostom and matches cephalobs and panagrolaims in having a pharyngeal collar with two sets of three interradial muscles followed by two sets of six adradial muscles. The ultrastructure of the cheilostom epidermis shows a high degree of conservation with several Rhabditida. The sperm of M. byersi n. sp. is nearly identical to that of Caenorhabditis elegans. In early cell division, M. byersi n. sp. is closest to Parascaris equorum followed by C. elegans. Myolaimus apparently represents a divergent lineage that has followed a non-coalescing trajectory for a long time, allowing it to retain some highly conserved characters while also developing some surprisingly unique features, such as a baggy cuticle and males that lack a gubernaculum or spicules.

The results of replantation at the wrist and distal forearm are reported to be better than at the metacarpal level, in part because the latter involve direct injury to the intrinsic muscles. This study evaluates a new post-operative protocol for replantation at the metacarpal, wrist and distal forearm levels. 3 days after replantation, the patient was placed in a dynamic crane outrigger splint with MP joint control, compensating for intrinsic muscle function loss. From 4 to 12 weeks, an anticlaw splint alternated with the outrigger splint. After 12 weeks, a dynamic wrist extension orthosis was added to the anti-claw splint. 11 patients (four replantations at the transmetacarpal level, three at the wrist and four in the distal forearm) had this protocol between 1988 and 1993. For distal forearm replantation, TAM of fingers averaged 216°, grip strength 42 lb, and pinch strength 7.2 lb with 75% good or excellent results. For wrist replantations, TAM of fingers averaged 243°, grip strength 37 lb and pinch strength 10.6 lb with 100% good or excellent results. For transmetacarpal replantations, TAM of fingers averaged 189°, grip strength 37 lb and pinch strength 5.6 lb, with 75% good and excellent results. Early protected mobilization, as described here, preserves tendon gliding, muscle strength and excursion. Our results support this protocol for wrist and distal forearm replantation and especially for transmetacarpal replantation, the results of which tend to be poor according to the medical literature.

Framework and suspensory cascadeThis novel model uses the structure and workings of the industrial crane as a simile to explain the function of the human shoulder. As a crane consists of a base, axial tower, boom and suspensory cascade that move and position loads in space, the base consists of the pelvic platform, with outriggers (legs) that provide stability in human body. The axial tower consists of an articulated spinal column and thoracic platform, which are stabilised by the core muscles. The clavicular boom articulates with the anterior thoracic platform and is elevated by the trapezius from the posterior tower. The ‘suspensory cascade’ extends from the skull and cervical spine to the trapezius and on to the clavicle, coracoclavicular ligaments, coracoid process, coracohumeral ligament and humeral head.MotionThe rotator cuff muscles take origin from the scapula and coalesce with each other to form a multilayered rotator cuff tendon and cable, which cups to closely contain the humeral head. The four muscles insert into the common tendon and together share the load to stabilise and mobilise the arm in space. The coracoid is a pulley that allows the scapula to swivel on the coracoclavicular ligaments to enable adjustment of the angle of force transmission delivered by the rotator cuff to the humeral head.Stability and controlThe inferior glenoid and labrum are a fixed organ of compression, which coalesces with the hammock formed by the static inferior glenohumeral ligaments. The rotator cuff and deltoid compress the humeral head onto this static structure.The biceps tendon passes adjacent to the condensations of the coracohumeral ligament to insert into the mobile superior labrum and glenoid. Contraction of the biceps pulls the mobile superior labrum onto the humeral head and tightens the glenohumeral ligaments that wrap around the humeral head at the extremes of motion. The coracohumeral ligament is a sensory organ that interfaces with these structures and is well positioned to work as a servomechanism to redirect the rotator cuff in providing stability, control and motion.Level of evidenceLevel V.

Resumen Seiurus aurocapilla es un ave común, residente invernal y transeúnte en el archipiélago cubano, donde se considera una de las especies migratorias más abundantes y de mayor tasa de captura durante los periodos de migración otoñal y residencia invernal. Sin embargo, se conoce poco sobre la dinámica de su migración, así como del uso que hace de los hábitats cubanos y las condiciones de su arribo a estas áreas. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este estudio fue establecer una línea base sobre las características de su migración y la importancia del cabo de San Antonio como sitio de parada otoñal. Entre septiembre y noviembre de 2015 a 2017 se realizaron capturas con 22 redes de niebla, ubicadas en varias formaciones vegetales del cabo de San Antonio, en el extremo más occidental de la península. Los individuos capturados (N = 266) se anillaron y fueron datados, medidos y pesados. Se evaluó además su condición física en base a la cantidad de grasa y músculo. Las mayores tasas de captura se obtuvieron en septiembre, entre las 0700 y las 0959 horas, tanto en el área transicional como en el bosque semideciduo. La mayoría de los individuos fueron capturados en las bolsas más cercanas al suelo. El 58 % de los individuos fueron juveniles y el 74 % presentó osificación completa del cráneo. La masa de los individuos no dependió de su tamaño, aunque aumentó en el mismo sentido que las cantidades de grasa y músculo. El número de capturas fue mayor cuando se registró calma o ante vientos de baja velocidad provenientes del E y del ENE, y estuvo relacionado de forma directa con la humedad relativa. Se obtuvieron 25 recapturas, correspondientes a 14 individuos. Entre estos existió una tendencia general de recuperar masa en el transcurso del tiempo, lo que reafirma la importancia de la península de Guanahacabibes como sitio de parada otoñal y residencia invernal de esta especie. Palabras clave Bijirita, condición física, Cuba, historia natural, migración, Seiurus aurocapilla, Señorita de Monte Abstract Characteristics of the autumn migration of Seiurus aurocapilla (Aves: Parulidae) in Cabo San Antonio, Cuba • Seiurus aurocapilla is a common winter resident and transient in the Cuban archipelago, where it is considered one of the most abundant migratory species with the highest capture rate during autumn migration and winter residence. However, little is known about the dynamics of this species’ migration, the use of Cuban habitats, and the conditions of their arrival in these areas. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a baseline of the migration characteristics for this species and assess the importance of the Guanahacabibes peninsula as an autumnal stopping site. Between September and November 2015–2017, captures were made using 22 mist-nets, located in various vegetation formations of the San Antonio Cape at the westernmost tip of the peninsula. The captured individuals (N = 266) were banded, aged, measured, weighed, and their physical condition was evaluated based on the amount of fat and muscle. The highest capture rates were obtained in September, between 0700 and 0959 hr, both in the transitional area and in the semi-deciduous forest. Most individuals were captured in the lower net sacks near the ground. 58% percent of the individuals were juveniles and 74% had completely ossified skulls. The weight of individuals was independent of size, and as weight increased, fat and muscle increased proportionally. The number of catches increased when low velocity winds from the east and northeast were recorded, and catches were directly related to relative humidity. We recorded 25 recaptures, corresponding to 14 individuals. Among them, there was a tendency to gain mass over time, which reinforces the importance of Guanahacabibes peninsula as an autumnal stopover site and winter residence for this species. Keywords Cuba, migration, natural history, Ovenbird, physical condition, Seiurus aurocapilla, warbler Résumé Caractéristiques de la migration automnale de Seiurus aurocapilla (Aves: Parulidae) à Cabo San Antonio, Cuba • Seiurus aurocapilla est un oiseau commun, faisant étape et hivernant dans l’archipel cubain, où il est considéré comme l’une des espèces migratrices les plus abondantes avec le taux de capture le plus élevé pendant les périodes de migration automnale et d’hivernage. Cependant, la dynamique de sa migration, son utilisation des habitats cubains et les conditions de son arrivée dans ces zones sont peu connues. Pour cette raison, l’objectif de la présente étude était d’établir une base de référence sur les caractéristiques de sa migration et sur l’importance de la péninsule de Guanahacabibes en tant que halte migratoire automnale. Entre septembre et novembre 2015–2017, des captures ont été effectuées à l’aide de 22 filets japonais posés dans diverses formations végétales du Cabo San Antonio, à l’extrémité ouest de la péninsule. Les individus capturés (n = 266) ont été bagués, âgés, mesurés et pesés, et leur condition physique a été évaluée en fonction de la quantité de graisse et de muscle. Les taux de capture les plus élevés ont été obtenus en septembre, entre 07h00 h et 09h59, à la fois dans la zone de transition et dans la forêt semi-décidue. La plupart des individus ont été capturés dans les poches de filet les plus proches du sol. Au total, 58 % des individus étaient des juvéniles et 74 % avaient une ossification complète du crâne. Le poids des individus était indépendant de la taille, et à mesure que le poids augmentait, la graisse et les muscles augmentaient proportionnellement. Le nombre de captures était plus important par temps calme ou vent faible de secteur E et NE, et était directement lié à l’humidité relative. Vingt-cinq recaptures ont été réalisées, correspondant à 14 individus. Parmi ceux-ci, il y avait une tendance générale à reprendre du poids avec le temps, ce qui réaffirme l’importance de la péninsule de Guanahacabibes en tant que halte migratoire automnale et site d’hivernage pour cette espèce. Mots clés condition physique, Cuba, histoire naturelle, migration, paruline, Paruline couronnée, Seiurus aurocapilla

This study aims to analyze the psychophysiological stress response of a helicopter crew using portable biosensors, and to analyze the psychophysiological stress response differences of experienced and non-experienced crew members. We analyzed 27 participants (33.89 ± 5.93 years) divided into two different flight maneuvers: a crane rescue maneuver: 15 participants (three control and 12 military) and a low-altitude maneuver: 12 participants (five control and seven military). Anxiety, rating of perceived exertion, subjective perception of stress, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, skin temperature, blood lactate, cortical arousal, autonomic modulation, leg and hand strength, leg flexibility, spirometry, urine, and short-term memory were analyzed before and after both helicopter flight maneuvers. The maneuvers produced a significant increase in stress and effort perception, state of anxiety, and sympathetic modulation, as well as a significant decrease in heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, leg and inspiratory muscle strength, and urine proteins. The use of biosensors showed how a crane rescue and low-altitude helicopter maneuvers produced an anticipatory anxiety response, showing an increased sympathetic autonomic modulation prior to the maneuvers, which was maintained during the maneuvers in both experienced and non-experienced participants. The crane rescue maneuver produced a higher maximal heart rate and decreased pulmonary capacity and strength than the low-altitude maneuver. The psychophysiological stress response was higher in the experienced than in non-experienced participants, but both presented an anticipatory stress response before the maneuver.

Red-crowned crane Grus japonensis is an endangered species in two separate populations: the mainland population in the Eurasian continent and the island population in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. We found 11 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers in the genome of the red-crowned crane and designed primer sets across these InDels that can be analyzed with conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Sixty-six samples of whole blood and skeletal muscle obtained from red-crowned cranes, including 12 families in eastern Hokkaido from 1994 to 2021, showed different patterns in gel images of 11 InDel PCR reactions except for two pairs. The combined non-exclusion probability of the 11 markers indicates that individuals can be determined with a probability of 99.9%. In 39 non-relative chicks, the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.316, suggesting low genetic diversity. This might not be caused by high levels of inbreeding since the average FIS was not significantly different from zero (0.095, p = 0.075). The results suggest that the 11 InDel primer sets can be used for fairly accurate individual identification as well as genetic population analyses in red-crowned cranes in the island population.

Abstrak Gangguan muskuloskeletal menyebabkan kerusakan yang terjadi pada otot, tendon, ligamen, saraf perifer, sendi, tulang rawan dan/atau pembuluh darah pendukung. Kondisi tersebut diperburuk oleh keadaan kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor penyebab terjadinya keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif analitik dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Besar sampel 63 orang dipilih dengan purposive sampling. Data keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner survei keluhan GOTRAK oleh SNI 9011:2021, penilaian postur kerja menggunakan SNI 9011:2021 Pengukuran dan evaluasi potensi bahaya ergonomi di tempat kerja, getaran menggunakan alat human vibration meter, aktifitas fisik menggunakan kuesioner PAL dan kelelahan menggunakan alat ukur reaction timer. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji spearman untuk melihat korelasi dan regresi linier berganda. Nilai koefisien postur kerja sebesar 0,264 p < 0,001, getaran sebesar 0,440 p < 0,001) berpengaruh positif terhadap gangguan muskuloskletal. Faktor risiko pekerjaan dengan gangguan muskuloskletal, interaksi getaran dengan aktifitas fisik memiliki nilai koefisien paling penting yaitu 3,128, diikuti oleh postur kerja dengan usia sebesar 0,250. Ada hubungan yang searah antara postur kerja dan getaran terhadap keluhan gangguan muskuloskeletal serta semua faktor moderasi. Kata kunci: gangguan muskuloskeletal, operator crane, postur kerja, getaran, GOTRAK Abstract Musculoskeletal disorders cause damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, peripheral nerves, joints, cartilage, and supporting blood vessels. The condition is exacerbated by working conditions. This study aimed to analyze the factors that cause complaints of musculoskeletal disorders. This research was quantitative research with an analytic descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. A sample of 63 people was selected by purposive sampling. Data on complaints of musculoskeletal disorders were collected using the GOTRAK complaint survey questionnaire by SNI 9011:2021, assessment of work posture using SNI 9011:2021 Measurement and evaluation of potential ergonomic hazards in the workplace, vibration using the human vibration meter, physical activity using the PAL questionnaire, and fatigue using reaction timer measuring device. Data were analyzed using the Spearman test to see a correlation and multiple linear regression. The work posture coefficient 0.264 p<0.001, and vibration 0.440 p<0.001) had a positive effect on musculoskeletal disorders. The occupational risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders and vibration interactions with physical activity had the most important coefficient value of 3.128, followed by work posture with an age of 0.250. There is a direct correlation between work posture and vibration on complaints of musculoskeletal disorders and all moderating factors. Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, crane operators, work posture, vibration, GOTRAK

Supervised by three or four medical doctors and one nurse in rotating shifts, the medical clinic in Costa Rica’s Moín Container Terminal is open 24/7 for visits from port workers. In our study, we aimed to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of a consecutive series of patients who attended the medical clinic for outpatient services during an 8-month period. Our descriptive study involved collecting patient records from the medical clinic during the first 8 months of 2021 (i.e., 1 January–31 August 2021), during which 3050 visits from 1301 port workers were registered. Terminal tractor drivers, crane operators, and stevedores were the most frequent job categories among the patients. Doping (i.e., ICD-10 Z03.6) was observed in 64% of the visits. The top ICD-10 codes among all other patients not observed to have engaged in doping (n = 469) were diseases of the musculoskeletal system (7.2%) and abnormal clinical and laboratory symptoms (6.2%). Problems with the musculoskeletal system were primarily back pain (36.0%), muscle contracture (30.1%), and secondary headache (25.2%). Two-thirds of the visits were due to screening for alcohol and drugs or doping; however, inconsistency in the coding system complicates the analysis of data, and a dropdown menu in the registration is therefore needed to prevent errors. Relative risk calculations are impossible due to a lack of data about the at-risk population but should be pursued under different circumstances in future studies. In the support chain of goods, the medical clinic in the port plays a key role in saving time in shipping, which means that the injured or sick employees in most cases can continue working. For the shipping industry, quick un- and offloading is very important to stay competitive in the market for transport.

Les muscles squelettiques sont présents dans tout le corps et présentent un niveau surprenant d'hétérogénéité, dans leur susceptibilité aux maladies, potentiel de régénération ou capacités métaboliques. Cette diversité est également retrouvée au cours du développement embryonnaire où les cellules myogéniques et non myogéniques établissent le système musculo-squelettique. La tête et le cou sont constitués d'une grande variété de muscles qui remplissent des fonctions essentielles, mais nous en savons peu sur la biologie des muscles craniofaciaux. Ces structures sont associées à l'émergence de cellules de la crête neurale (CCN) qui donnent naissance à la plupart des tissus non myogéniques crâniens et qui sont cruciales à la formation des muscles. Cependant, certains muscles crâniens sont privés de CCN, et nous ignorons comment les cellules myogéniques et non myogéniques contribuent à ces domaines. Cette thèse fournit des preuves démontrant que les progéniteurs en amont du muscle se détournent du programme myogénique pour donner naissance au tissu conjonctif. Nous avons utilisé une approche de single-cell RNAseq non biaisée et restreinte avec différentes lignées transgéniques de souris à des stades embryonnaires distincts, des marquages in situ et de nouvelles méthodes analytiques, et avons montré que les progéniteurs bipotents issus du mésoderme exprimant le gène de détermination musculaire Myf5 donnent naissance au muscle squelettique et au tissu conjonctif anatomiquement associé dans les muscles partiellement privés de CCN. Cette transition est caractérisée par une complémentarité de signalisation de récepteurs tyrosine kinase entre les cellules musculaires et non musculaires, ainsi que par des modules régulateurs distincts. Les muscles crâniens proviennent également de différentes lignées qui impliquent l'activité de cascades de régulation génique spécifiques. Ici, nous avons utilisé une approche non biaisée et large pour découvrir des modules de régulation spécifiques qui sous-tendent différentes populations de cellules myogéniques dans la tête et à travers plusieurs stades de développement. Certaines de ces « tâches de naissance génétiques » uniques sont des facteurs de transcription spécifiques et sont conservées dans les cellules souches musculaires adultes, ce qui indique que leur importance potentielle est de fournir les propriétés uniques qui ont été signalées pour différentes populations de cellules souches musculaires. Enfin, ces études utilisent des méthodes analytiques inédites qui bénéficient des dernières avancées algorithmiques et offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la découverte de processus biologiques à partir de données à haut débit
Skeletal muscles are found throughout the body and they display a surprising level of heterogeneity in properties and function. For example, some muscles are specifically susceptible to diseases, and some have better regenerative potential or different metabolic capacities. Diversity is also found during embryonic development where myogenic and non-myogenic cells establish the musculoskeletal system. The head and neck are comprised of a wide variety of muscles that perform essential functions such as feeding, breathing and vocalising, yet little is known about craniofacial muscle biology. Novel structures are associated with the emergence of neural crest cells (NCC) which give rise to most craniofacial connective tissue, cartilage and bone and are crucial for muscle morphogenesis. However, some cranial muscles are deprived of NCC, and it is unclear how myogenic and non-myogenic cells contribute to those domains. This thesis provides evidence demonstrating that upstream progenitors redirect from the myogenic program to give rise to the muscle-associated connective tissue that supports the formation of muscular structures. We employed unbiased and lineage-restricted single-cell RNAseq using different mouse transgenic lines at distinct embryonic stages, in situ labelling, and new analytical methods, and show that bipotent progenitors expressing the muscle determination gene Myf5 give rise to skeletal muscle and anatomically associated connective tissue in distinct muscle groups spatiotemporally. Notably, this property was restricted to muscles with only partial contribution from NCCs suggesting that in their absence, the balance of myogenic and connective tissue cells is undertaken by somite-derived or cranial-derived mesoderm. This transition is characterised by a complementarity of tyrosine kinase receptor signalling between muscle and non-muscle cells, as well as distinct regulatory modules. Cranial muscles also originate from different lineages that involve the activity of specific gene regulatory cascades. Here, we used an all-inclusive unbiased approach to uncover specific regulatory modules that underlie different myogenic cell populations in the head and across multiple developmental stages. Some of these unique “genetic birthmarks” are specific transcription factors, and are retained in adult muscle stem cells pointing to their potential importance is delivering the unique properties that have been reported for different muscle stem cell populations. Finally, these studies employ novel computational methods that benefit from the latest algorithmic advancements and they provide prospects for the discovery of new biological processes from high throughput data

Le test de vibration osseux vestibulaire se pratique sur un sujet assis en stimulant par un vibreur chaque mastoïde puis le vertex à 100 Hz. Il s’agit d’un test rapide, non invasif, d'exploitation récente de premier niveau utile pour dépister une asymétrie vestibulaire au fauteuil de consultation chez un patient vertigineux qui oriente vers une latéralité lésionnelle. Nous avons pu établir en clinique dans des lésions vestibulaires totales (LUVT), partielles (LUVP), des lésions du tronc cérébral et des malformations labyrinthiques et avec l'aide des découvertes fondamentales chez l'animal (Curthoys) que des stimulations vibratoires osseuses appliquées au crâne ou sur les mastoïdes stimulaient l’ensemble des structures vestibulaires des 2 côtés ; le nystagmus induit (NIV) était la résultante d'une asymétrie des réponses (Weber vestibulaire). Dans les LUVT et les LUVP le NIV bat habituellement du côté sain. Inversement, dans les déhiscences du canal antérieur (DCA) il bat du côté lésé du fait d’une facilitation de la conduction osseuse secondaire à l’existence d’une 3ème fenêtre. Les stimulations des mastoïdes sont habituellement plus efficaces que celles du vertex sauf dans les DCA. Le NIV n'est pas influencé par la compensation vestibulaire et persiste telle une "cicatrice vestibulaire". Ainsi il présente un intérêt médicolégal par exemple en médecine du travail. Ce test utile en cas de test calorique (TC) impossible intéresse les hautes fréquences vestibulaires et complète le HST, le HIT, le TC qui n'intéressent que les moyennes et basses fréquences. Il est plus sensible pour dépister une lésion périphérique que centrale
The skull vibration induced nystagmus test performed with a vibrator applied on vertex and mastoids at frequencies of 30, 60, 100 Hz is a fast, recent, robust bed side examination test which reveals instantaneously a vestibular asymmetry (vibration induced nystagmus or VIN) in dizzy patients and is useful to indicate a lesion side. In clinical practice, results in patients with total unilateral vestibular lesions (TUVL), partial unilateral vestibular lesions (PUVL), brain stem diseases, labyrinthine malformations and results in animal experiments (Curthoys), suggest that bone vibrations applied to vertex or mastoids stimulate all the labyrinthine structures (semi circular canals and otoliths) on both sides at 100 Hz. The vibration induced nystagmus (VIN) is the result of asymmetric responses and is equivalent to a Vestibular Weber Test. In TUVL and PUVL the VIN usually beats toward the intact side and conversely beats toward the lesion side in superior semi-circular canal dehiscences in relation to bone conduction facilitation toward the lesion (third window mechanism). VIN is not modified by vestibular compensation mechanisms and remains permanently as a “vestibular scar”. Since it has been used in occupational medicine as a first level examination test. It is not intrusive and is useful in case of unfeasible caloric test (CT). It addresses vestibular high frequencies and complements HST, HIT and CT which adress middle and low frequencies. It is more sensitive to reveal peripheral than central neurological diseases

Text in Afrikaans
Summaries in English and Afrikaans
This study aims to investigate the relation between a crane operator in a slab handlingarea's experience of his/her work environment and occupational health. A study of the literature leads one to the conclusion that the nature of crane operators' work environment may cause health problems. According to the literature crane operators are high risk cases regarding musculoskeletal disorders. The empirical study affirms that there are risk factors present in the crane operator's work environment, which may influence his/her occupational health. It is statistically proven that there is a meaningful difference between crane operators with a negative experience of the work environment and crane operators with a positive experience of the work environment, and the amount of illnesses experienced by crane operators as well as their general health. Recommendations are made regarding training, adjustability and flexibility of the work station, job rotation, job expansion and enrichment, and social contact.
Die doel van die studie is om die verband tussen 'n kraanoperateur in 'n platblokhanteringsarea se ervaring van sy/haar werksomgewing en beroepsgesondheid te ondersoek. Die literatuurstudie lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die aard van kraanoperateurs se werksomgewing aanleiding kan gee tot gesondheidsprobleme. Volgens die literatuur is kraanoperateurs hoerisikogevalle ten opsigte van spierskeletstelselbeserings. Die empiriese studie bevestig dat daar risikofaktore voorkom in die kraanoperateur se werksomgewing wat sy/haar beroepsgesondheid kan be"invloed. Statisties is bewys dat daar 'n betekenisvolle verskil is tussen kraanoperateurs met 'n negatiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en kraanoperateurs met 'n positiewe ervaring van die werksomgewing en die hoeveelheid siektetoestande wat kraanoperateurs ervaar, en die algemene gesondheid van kraanoperateurs. Aanbevelings om risikofaktore te beheer word gemaak ten opsigte van opleiding, verstelbaarheid en buigbaarheid van die werkstasie, posrotasie, posverbreding en - verryking, en sosiale kontak.
Industrial Psychology
M. Com (Industrial Psychology)