Thematische Bibliographien / Covid-19 prevalence

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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Covid-19 prevalence“

Autor: Grafiati

Veröffentlicht am 29. Juni 2021

Zuletzt aktualisiert am 1. Februar 2022

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Brooks, Zoe C., und Saswati Das. „COVID-19 Testing“. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Nr. 5 (28.08.2020): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa141.

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Abstract Objectives To illustrate how patient risk and clinical costs are driven by false-positive and false-negative results. Methods Molecular, antigen, and antibody testing are the mainstay to identify infected patients and fight the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To evaluate the test methods, sensitivity (percent positive agreement [PPA]) and specificity (percent negative agreement [PNA]) are the most common metrics utilized, followed by the positive and negative predictive value—the probability that a positive or negative test result represents a true positive or negative patient. The number, probability, and cost of false results are driven by combinations of prevalence, PPA, and PNA of the individual test selected by the laboratory. Results Molecular and antigen tests that detect the presence of the virus are relevant in the acute phase only. Serologic assays detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the recovering and recovered phase. Each testing methodology has its advantages and disadvantages. Conclusions We demonstrate the value of reporting probability of false-positive results, probability of false-negative results, and costs to patients and health care. These risk metrics can be calculated from the risk drivers of PPA and PNA combined with estimates of prevalence, cost, and Reff number (people infected by 1 positive SARS-CoV-2 carrier).

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Cameron, Erinn C., Samantha L. Hemingway, Janine M. Ray, Fiona J. Cunningham und Kristine M. Jacquin. „COVID-19 and Women“. International Perspectives in Psychology 10, Nr. 3 (Juli 2021): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000019.

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Abstract. Modern slavery is a significant global human rights crisis that disproportionately affects women and girls, and research indicates that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated existing vulnerabilities to exploitation. Early evidence suggests that the pandemic has disproportionately affected women and girls, including an increase in lack of access to family planning and adequate sexual and reproductive care and an increase in maternal mortality rates. Additionally, the pandemic has instigated a reduction in economic opportunities and access to education for women and girls and increased violence against women. For this study, regression analysis was used to examine country-level data from 197 UN member countries. Predictor variables included indicators reflecting key areas addressed by UN Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG-5): gender inequality, educational and economic opportunities for females, women's leadership, gendered violence, and women's health. SDG-5 calls for gender equality and empowerment of women and girls. The criterion variable was the estimated prevalence of modern slavery across UN countries. Regression analysis revealed significant results across all models. Literacy rates and expected years of schooling for females, femicide, lifetime prevalence of violence, and several indicators of women's health were found to be strongly and significantly related to increased estimated prevalence of modern slavery. Furthermore, we propose that the pandemic has increased vulnerability to exploitation for women and girls by regressing progress across all areas addressed by SDG-5.

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Tsigaris, Panagiotis, und Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva. „Smoking Prevalence and COVID-19 in Europe“. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, Nr. 9 (01.07.2020): 1646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa121.

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Abstract Introduction This ecological study investigates the association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence and mortality in 38 European nations as of May 30, 2020. Methods Data were collected from Our World in Data. Regression analysis was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors such as economic activity (gross domestic product), the rate of COVID-19 testing, and the stringency of COVID-19 control policies. Results There was a statistically significant negative association between smoking prevalence and the prevalence of COVID-19 across the 38 European nations after controlling for confounding factors (p = 0.001). A strong association was found between the prevalence of COVID-19 per million people and economic activity (p = 0.002) and the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0006). Nations with stricter policy enactment showed fewer COVID-19 cases per million people, but the association was not significant (p = 0.122). Delaying policy enactment was associated with a greater prevalence of COVID-19 (p = 0.0535). Evidence of a direct association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 mortality was not found (p = 0.626). There was a strong positive association between COVID-19 mortality rate and the prevalence of COVID-19 cases (p < 0.0001) as well as the proportion of the population over 65 years of age (p = 0.0034) and a negative association with the rate of COVID-19 testing (p = 0.0023). Conclusions We found a negative association between smoking prevalence and COVID-19 occurrence at the population level in 38 European countries. This association may not imply a true or causal relationship, and smoking is not advocated as a prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Implications Given the evidence of this ecological study, and of several other studies that found an underrepresentation of smoking prevalence in hospitalized cases, it may be worth examining, in laboratory experiments and controlled human trials, if nicotine offers any protection against COVID-19. Most importantly, to date, no study, including this one, supports the view that smoking acts as a treatment intervention or prophylaxis to reduce the impact or ameliorate the negative health impacts of COVID-19.

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Mulholland, Sean Eric. „Covid-19 prevalence and empty college seats“. Applied Economics 53, Nr. 15 (16.02.2021): 1716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1841884.

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Uaprasert, Noppacharn, Chatphatai Moonla, Darintr Sosothikul, Ponlapat Rojnuckarin und Thita Chiasakul. „Systemic Coagulopathy in Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis“. Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 27 (01.01.2021): 107602962098762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029620987629.

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Coagulation activation has been reported in several cohorts of patients Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the true burden of systemic coagulopathy in COVID-19 remains unknown. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database to identify studies that reported the prevalence of systemic coagulopathy using established criteria in patients with COVID-19. The primary outcome was the prevalence of systemic coagulopathy (disseminated intravascular coagulation [DIC] and/or sepsis-induced coagulopathy [SIC]). Pooled prevalences and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] were calculated using random-effects model. A total of 5 studies including 1210 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included. The pooled prevalence of systemic coagulopathy was 7.1% (95%CI: 3.2%,15.3%, I2 = 93%). The pooled prevalence of DIC (N = 721) and SIC (N = 639) were 4.3% (95%CI 1.7%, 10.4%, I2 = 84%) and 16.2% (95%CI: 9.3%, 26.8%, I2 = 74%), respectively. Only 2 studies reported the prevalence of elevated D-dimer levels with the pooled prevalence of 84.6% (95%CI: 52.0%,96.5%, I2 = 94%). Average D-dimer and fibrinogen levels were remarkably increased, while platelet counts, PT, and aPTT ratios were minimally affected in COVID-19. The estimated prevalence of systemic coagulopathy in patients with COVID-19 was low despite D-dimer elevation in most patients. Relatively low systemic coagulopathy in COVID-19 may contribute to the high incidence of thrombosis rather than bleeding in patients with COVID-19.

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Filho, Irami. „Covid-19: gastroenterology perspectives“. Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 2, Nr. 3 (22.06.2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/021.

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The clinical syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2 was called COVID-19 and became a pandemic from March 2020. Fever, dry cough, and dyspnoea are the predominant clinical manifestations of the disease. However, symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort can also be found in infected patients. Despite the increased prevalence since the second phase of the recent epidemic in China, scientific evidence on the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 has received little attention. This study aimed to report gastrointestinal signs and pathological findings in patients with COVID-19, in addition to discussing the possibility of fecal transmission. SARS-CoV-2 penetrates gastrointestinal epithelial cells, making patients' feces potentially infectious. Although viral RNA can be detected in feces, it is not clear whether fecal-oral transmission occurs. The gastrointestinal characteristics and abdominal manifestations of COVID-19 were reviewed based on case reports and retrospective clinical studies related to the digestive system. It is essential to know that, as the pandemic spreads, new studies are published, and knowledge about gastrointestinal symptoms is better known and reported.

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Das, Liza, Pinaki Dutta, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, Ashu Rastogi, Rama Walia, Soham Mukherjee, Goverdhan Dutt Puri und Anil Bhansali. „Endocrine Dysfunction in Covid-19“. Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (01.05.2021): A627—A628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1280.

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Abstract Introduction: Evidence pertaining to new-onset endocrine dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 is currently limited and extrapolated from prior SARS epidemics. Further, identifying whether the quantum of this dysfunction is associated with the severity of disease in patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to to comprehensively explore the prevalence, nature and degree of endocrine dysfunction stratified based on disease severity at a dedicated COVID care centre. Patients and Methods: Consecutive patients enrolled at PGIMER Chandigarh, were stratified on the basis of disease severity as: group I (moderate to severe disease including oxygen saturation <94% on room air or those with comorbidities) and group II (mild disease, with oxygen saturation >94% and without comorbidities). Hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal, thyroid, gonadal axes and lactotroph function were evaluated. Inflammatory and cell-injury markers were also analysed. Results: Patients in group I had higher prevalence of hypocortisolism (38.5 vs 6.8%, p=0.012), lower ACTH (16.3 vs 32.1pg/ml, p=0.234) and DHEAS (86.29 vs 117.8µg/dl, p= 0.086) as compared to group II. Low T3 syndrome was a universal finding, irrespective of disease severity. Sick euthyroid syndrome (apart from low T3 syndrome) (80.9 vs 73.1%, p= 0.046) and atypical thyroiditis (low T3, high T4, low or normal TSH) (14.3 vs 2.4%, p= 0.046) were more frequent in group I than group II. Male hypogonadism was also more prevalent in group I (75.6% vs 20.6%, p=0.006) than group II, with higher prevalence of both secondary (56.8 vs 15.3%, p=0.006) and primary (18.8 vs 5.3%, p=0.006) hypogonadism. Hyperprolactinemia was observed in 42.4% patients, without significant difference between both groups. Conclusion: COVID-19 can involve multiple endocrine organs and axes, with a greater prevalence and degree of endocrine dysfunction in those with more severe disease. Involvement of multiple axes, particularly at hypothalamo-pituitary level suggests the possibility of hypophysitis as an underlying etiology. We also observed less characterised findings like atypical thyroiditis and normal DHEAS despite secondary hypocortisolism. Follow-up surveillance of these patients at periodic intervals and estimation of anti-pituitary antibodies could be considered to elucidate viral cytopathic effect or inflammation as the major underlying mechanism of endocrine dysfunction.

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Garg, Kawish, Harsh Goel und Shefali D Gupta. „High prevalence of insomnia during COVID-19 pandemic“. Sleep Medicine and Disorders: International Journal 4, Nr. 2 (30.09.2020): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/smdij.2020.04.00074.

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Villamizar-PEÑA, Rhuvi, Estefanía Gutiérrez-Ocampo und Alfonso J. Rodríguez-Morales. „Pooled Prevalence of Diarrhea Among COVID-19 Patients“. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 18, Nr. 10 (September 2020): 2385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.05.014.

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Butler, Marcus W., Aoife O’Reilly, Eleanor M. Dunican, Patrick Mallon, Eoin R. Feeney, Michael P. Keane und Cormac McCarthy. „Prevalence of comorbid asthma in COVID-19 patients“. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 146, Nr. 2 (August 2020): 334–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.061.

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Dissertationen zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Lesani, Maryam Sadat. „The Correlation between the number of health/fitness club members and health/fitness numbers with Covid-19 prevalence and death“. Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45088.

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From late of 2019, human is struggling with a new and mutated virus by the name of Covid-19. The speed of prevalence and death caused by it has been very high. It became a trigger to make this area the first and most important issue at this time. Since physical activity can improve immune system, the purpose of this study is the study of the correlation between the number of health/fitness club members and health/fitness numbers with Covid-19 prevalence and death. We assessed 31 European countries from 4 aspects including the number of members of health/fitness clubs, health/fitness club numbers, Covid-19 prevalence, and Covid-19 death. All of the numbers were evaluated per 1 million individuals. To examine the correlation, Person correlation and Linear Regression were used. The results of this study showed that, statistically, there is no relationship between the number of health/fitness club members and Covid-19 prevalence. Also, there is no relationship between the number of clubs and Covid-19 prevalence. However, there was a negative correlation between the number of health/fitness club members and health fitness club numbers with Covid-19 death. In conclusion, based on the results of this study, although physical activity cannot decrease Covid-19 prevalence dramatically, it can surely reduce the number of death caused by Covid-19.

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Quispe-Cañari, Jean Franco, Evelyn Fidel-Rosales, Diego Manrique, Jesús Mascaró-Zan, Katia Medalith Huamán-Castillón, Scherlli E. Chamorro–Espinoza, Humberto Garayar–Peceros et al. „Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey“. Elsevier B.V, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655713.

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Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted.
Revisión por pares

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Céspedes, Julio, Daniel Huaco, Ruddy Manuela und Torres Zarella Zavala. „Prevalencia del dolor musculoesquelético en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud que cursan clases virtuales en tiempos de Covid-19 en una universidad privada del Perú“. Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657300.

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Objetivo: Conocer la prevalencia del dolor musculoesquelético en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud que cursan clases virtuales en tiempos de Covid-19 en una universidad privada del Perú. Diseño: Estudio transversal descriptivo (Meses de agosto a diciembre 2020)

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Bücher zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Barker, Nathan, C. Austin Davis, Paula López-Peña, Harrison Mitchell, A. Mushfiq Mobarak, Karim Naguib, Maira Emy Reimão, Ashish Shenoy und Corey Vernot. Migration and the labour market impacts of COVID-19. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/896-2.

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Using detailed microdata, we document how migration-dependent households are especially vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. We create pre- and post-COVID panel datasets for three populations in Bangladesh and Nepal, leveraging experimental and observational variation in prior migration dependence. We report 25 per cent greater declines in earnings and fourfold greater prevalence of food insecurity among migrant households since March. Causes include lower migration rates, less remittance income per migrant, isolation in origin communities, and greater health risks. We compile a large set of secondary data to demonstrate the extent of vulnerability worldwide and conclude with recommendations for policy targeted at migrants.

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Essential facts about Covid-19: the disease, the responses, and an uncertain future. For South African learners, teachers, and the general public. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0072.

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The first cases of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) were identified toward the end of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Over the following months, this virus spread to everywhere in the world. By now no country has been spared the devastation from the loss of lives from the disease (Covid-19) and the economic and social impacts of responses to mitigate the impact of the virus. Our lives in South Africa have been turned upside down as we try to make the best of this bad situation. The 2020 school year was disrupted with closure and then reopening in a phased approach, as stipulated by the Department of Education. This booklet is a collective effort by academics who are Members of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) and other invited scholars to help you appreciate some of the basic scientific facts that you need to know in order to understand the present crisis and the various options available to respond to it. We emphasise that the threat of infectious diseases is not an entirely new phenomenon that has sprung onto the stage out of nowhere. Infectious diseases and pandemics have been with us for centuries, in fact much longer. Scientists have warned us for years of the need to prepare for the next pandemic. Progress in medicine in the course of the 20th century has been formidable. Childhood mortality has greatly decreased almost everywhere in the world, thanks mainly, but not only, to the many vaccines that have been developed. Effective drugs now exist for many deadly diseases for which there were once no cures. For many of us, this progress has generated a false sense of security. It has caused us to believe that the likes of the 1918 ‘Spanish flu’ pandemic, which caused some 50 million deaths around the world within a span of a few months, could not be repeated in some form in today’s modern world. The Covid-19 pandemic reminds us that as new cures for old diseases are discovered, new diseases come along for which we are unprepared. And every hundred or so years one of these diseases wreaks havoc on the world and interferes severely with our usual ways of going about our lives. Today’s world has become increasingly interconnected and interdependent, through trade, migrations, and rapid air travel. This globalisation makes it easier for epidemics to spread, somewhat offsetting the power of modern medicine. In this booklet we have endeavoured to provide an historical perspective, and to enrich your knowledge with some of the basics of medicine, viruses, and epidemiology. Beyond the immediate Covid-19 crisis, South Africa faces a number of other major health challenges: highly unequal access to quality healthcare, widespread tuberculosis, HIV infection causing AIDS, a high prevalence of mental illness, and a low life expectancy, compared to what is possible with today’s medicine. It is essential that you, as young people, also learn about the nature of these new challenges, so that you may contribute to finding future solutions.

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Ortiz Lazcano, Asael, und Joselito Medina Marín, Hrsg. México 2020: la pandemia del Sars-Cov-2 y sus diferentes tasas de intensidad. Algunas características sociodemográficas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29057/books.12.

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La presente investigación tiene como finalidad analizar el impacto que ha tenido la pandemia del Sars-Cov-2 en las defunciones de mexicanos, especialmente aquellos que presentan ciertas comorbilidades, y la hipótesis que se manejó dentro de la presente investigación, plantea que son estas personas las que tienen una mayor probabilidad de complicación y de fallecimiento ante un contagio del Sars-Cov-2. La pandemia del COVID19 ha generado tasas de mortalidad diferenciando por sexo, edad, entre otras variables demográficas; sin embargo los recursos de atención médica, el distanciamiento social y las políticas de salud han causado grandes variaciones en el alcance y la dinámica de la pandemia en todas las naciones. Por ello se ha hecho difícil estimar la prevalencia, la tasa de mortalidad por infección y otros factores importantes para los proveedores de atención y los encargados de formular políticas públicas y de salud. Rahmandad, Lim y Sterman, estimaron la propagación a nivel mundial del COVID-19, para ello utilizaron los datos de 84 países, realizando pruebas confiables que incluyen 4.75 mil millones de personas y desarrollaron un modelo epidemiológico dinámico que integra datos sobre casos, muertes, exceso de mortalidad y otros factores para estimar cómo la transmisión asintomática, la agudeza de la enfermedad, la hospitalización y las respuestas conductuales y políticas influyen la prevalencia del COVID19. Para los países seleccionados ellos estimaron casos y defunciones hasta el 18 de junio del presente año; estimaron en 11.8 la tasa de mortalidad por infección y un error en la estadística de 1.48 veces los informes oficiales respectivamente. Afirman que en todas las naciones permanecen muy por debajo del nivel necesario para la inmunidad colectiva. También concluyeron que se hubiera alertado al público antes, con ellos se hubieran reducido los contactos y se podrían haber evitado 35.3 millones de casos y 197 mil muertes. Sin embargo, los resultados futuros dependen menos de las pruebas y más de la voluntad de las comunidades y los gobiernos de reducir la transmisión (Rahmandad, Lim y Sterman, 2020).

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Oliveira, Mário Cézar Amorim de, Nilson de Souza Cardoso und Jaqueline Rabelo de Lima. Itinerários de resistência: pluralidade e laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Editora Realize, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46943/viii.enebio.2021.01.000.

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Você tem em mãos o e-book com os Anais do ENEBIOnLine, a edição totalmente à distância (ou remota, ou virtual, ou on-line, como queira! rs) do VIII Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Biologia (VIII ENEBIO), do VIII Encontro de Ensino de Biologia da Regional Nordeste (VIII EREBIO-NE) e do II Simpósio Cearense de Ensino de Biologia (II SCEB). Uma edição histórica, em vários sentidos: 1. A primeira edição completamente não presencial dos nossos encontros de Ensino de Biologia; 2. A primeira edição organizada e realizada durante uma pandemia de grandes proporções que causa (ainda, infelizmente) uma crise sanitária sem precedentes na história mundial; e 3. Uma edição que tem “história pra contar”, exatamente em virtude desses contextos. Em 2018, no VII Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Biologia (VII ENEBIO) e I Encontro Regional de Ensino de Biologia (I EREBIO-NORTE), estávamos muito animados em trazer de volta para o Nordeste esse evento que bianualmente congrega nossa comunidade sbenbiana e tem o papel fundamental de dar continuidade e ampliar as ações da SBEnBio, promovendo interações de profissionais que atuam em diversos níveis e ambientes educativos no ensino de Ciências e de Biologia. Além disso, pensávamos em consolidar o EREBIO-NE como um importante espaço acadêmico-científico de troca e aprendizados entre professores e pesquisadores da região. Esses encontros congregam pesquisadores dos campos do Ensino de Ciências e Biologia, professores do ensino superior e da educação básica, além de estudantes das Licenciaturas em Ciências Biológicas e afins, alcançando quatro importantes segmentos de investimento na educação científica de qualidade. Empolgados com a expressiva participação numérica alcançada nos encontros nacionais anteriores e com a possibilidade de mitigar a carência de eventos dessa natureza e magnitude na região nordeste, em 2019 submetemos três propostas de tema gerador a uma enquete pública nas redes sociais. O tema gerador escolhido para o VIII ENEBIO, VIII EREBIO-NE e II SCEB, foi Itinerários de Resistência: Pluralidade e Laicidade no Ensino de Ciências e Biologia. Um tema que nos possibilitaria propor debates sobre questões pertinentes ao contexto social, político e educacional que o país atravessava e que acreditávamos que impactariam a formação inicial e continuada tanto quanto o trabalho de professores de Ciências e Biologia, tais como: as novas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Formação Inicial de Professores, as recém aprovadas Base Nacional Comum Curricular para o Ensino Fundamental e para o Ensino Médio, além de questões sócio ambientais e culturais, educação para as relações étnico-raciais, educação no campo, educação indígena, relação entre conhecimento científico e conhecimentos de outras naturezas (religiosos, senso comum etc.), dentre tantas outras importantes questões. Nem imaginávamos que um vírus, que ironia, nos imporia mudanças... ainda no final de 2019 vimos nos noticiários o surto do SARS-CoV-2 na China... graças à nossa formação específica (em Ciências Biológicas) e à lembrança de situações anteriores, como a do surto da Síndrome Aguda Respiratória Grave (SARS) em 2002-2003, sabíamos que poderíamos estar diante não apenas de uma mera “gripezinha”, mas mantivemos os planos do evento que estava agendado para acontecer no período de 29 de Abril a 02 de Maio de 2020. Tínhamos um enorme interesse em promover o debate acerca das experiências dos professores e pesquisadores que atuam em diferentes espaços e níveis de escolaridade e refletir sobre como as características da pluralidade e laicidade necessárias a uma educação básica democrática e inclusiva, especialmente a educação científica, estavam, e ainda estão hoje, vulneráveis no contexto dos atuais projetos e políticas educacionais. Nesse contexto, debater conflitos, propor ações e compartilhar experiências eram os desafios que nos moviam a pensar itinerários de resistência que caminhassem na direção do fortalecimento da profissão docente e do ensino de Ciências e de Biologia. Com o aumento do número de casos de infecções na China e com sua disseminação pela Europa, nos acendeu o alerta para um eventual adiamento. Em março, o primeiro caso no Brasil é noticiado, mais tensão e mais apreensão. Tivemos uma primeira onda, da qual, para alguns especialistas, nunca saímos, decidimos, portanto, após as primeiras medidas de isolamento social, adiar a realização do Encontro para acontecer, ainda presencialmente, de 02 a 04 de setembro de 2020. Em 31 de maio, já somávamos mais de 29 mil vidas ceifadas no país pela COVID-19, em meio a negacionismos de todas as ordens que indicavam que o quadro provavelmente pioraria. Em junho de 2020, a Coordenação Organizadora Local, em concordância com a Diretoria Executiva Nacional (DEN) da SBEnBio e seu Conselho Deliberativo Nacional (CDN), comunicava o adiamento do evento por tempo indeterminado. Nesse momento, tínhamos indicativos de que poderíamos contar em breve com uma vacina, mas não havia prazo para que isso acontecesse. O Ceará e outros estados nordestinos estavam em lockdown, o país estava atônito frente à disseminação do vírus e ao negacionismo dos que deveriam estar lutando para combatê-lo. Final do ano de 2020, apesar de uma pequena queda do número de mortes no país e do anúncio de vacinas por laboratórios e institutos como o Butantan e a Fiocruz, as exitosas experiências de nossa parceira, Realize Eventos Científicos, na organização de eventos nacionais on-line, nos estimulou a retomar a organização do evento e considerar a possibilidade de sua realização nesse modelo. Seria uma aventura! Mas será que a vacinação não possibilitaria nos encontrarmos presencialmente, já em 2021? As estimativas não eram nada animadoras. Tudo indicava que o foco do governo federal seria o “tratamento precoce”, sabidamente ineficiente. Enfim, nos apegamos a experiência de nossa parceira e, em novembro de 2020, anunciamos o novo formato do evento, nascia o ENEBIOnLine! E foi contando com expressiva compreensão e apoio da comunidade sbenbiana que, mesmo que registrado descontentamentos, prevaleceu a decisão consciente ante a crise sanitária que ainda enfrentávamos no final de 2020 e início de 2021; e de 25 a 29 de janeiro aconteceu o VIII ENEBIO, VIII EREBIO-NE e o II SCEB, no formato totalmente on-line. Mantivemos praticamente a mesma programação, apesar do contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 e de suas implicações para a nossa área, como o impacto do ensino remoto na educação científica e formação docente, terem permeado inevitavelmente os debates nas palestras, mesas redondas e sessões de apresentação de trabalho. Podemos dizer que foi um “sucesso de público e de crítica”, com 909 credenciados participando das seis mesas redondas, palestras de abertura e encerramento, reunião ampliada da SBEnBio, painel temático reunindo as ex-presidentas e os ex-presidentes da associação... e tudo no conforto e na segurança de nossos lares. Uma decisão que já durante o evento se mostrava acertada, tendo em vista o recrudescimento da crise sanitária, com aumento alarmante do número de mortos (hoje, já somamos mais de 265.500 vidas perdidas para a COVID-19, segundo o último balanço do consórcio de veículos de imprensa), colapso da rede de atendimento hospitalar e que, possivelmente, será agravada em função da morosidade da vacinação no país associada ao “jeitinho brasileiro” de desobedecer as normas básicas de (auto)proteção contra a infecção. Apesar dos tempos terríveis que aparentemente ainda haveremos de enfrentar, esperamos que o reconhecimento pelo STF da perseguição jurídica sofrida pelo nosso ex-presidente da República... ops (desculpem-nos o ato falho! rs)... esperamos que a publicação desse e-book com os Anais do ENEBIOnLine, contendo a íntegra dos 632 trabalhos apresentados durante o evento, chegue como um sopro de esperança de que dias melhores virão! De que depois da peste e da tempestade, virá a bonança... de que, no segundo semestre de 2022, todes vocês poderão estar conosco em Fortaleza, Ceará, para o IX ENEBIO, IX EREBIO-NE e III SCEB... para sentir o calor da ‘Terra da Luz’ e do abraço que não pôde ser dado, para debater sobre o Ensino de Biologia, cada dia mais necessário no enfrentamento do negacionismo científico e das fake news que adoecem de morte o Brasil.

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Buchteile zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Li, Jun, Ailong Lin, Yinchun Chen, Huanhuan Li, Bizhou Bie, Liuqing Sheng und Xiaolong Yao. „Experience in Neurosurgery During the Prevalence of COVID-19“. In Recent Progress in the Management of Cerebrovascular Diseases, 155–67. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3387-4_19.

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Yanase, Sumino, und Hiroki Sugimori. „Prevalence of COVID-19 and the Continued Citizen-Based Control in Japan“. In Identification of Biomarkers, New Treatments, and Vaccines for COVID-19, 25–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71697-4_2.

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Koinig, Isabell. „Designing COVID-19 Campaigns to Achieve Individual Compliance“. In Handbook of Research on Representing Health and Medicine in Modern Media, 367–91. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6825-5.ch022.

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The literature describes a pandemic as a unique form of health crisis that requires intensive communicative efforts. The primary aim of this study is to investigate how COVID-19 health communication campaigns are designed on three continents to get individuals to comply with the proposed actions and measures. Results indicate that the prevalence of emotional messages correspond with previous research findings, which demonstrated that similarity with a testimonial and narratives can be useful tools to increase message effectiveness. Hence, government officials are advised to invest in message presentation.

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Chetri, Shiela. „Post-Covid-19 Era: What is Next?“ In Urinary Tract Infection and Nephropathy - Insights into Potential Relationship [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96276.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a natural phenomenon in bacteria which becomes a threat for health-care settings around the world. A concerted global response is needed to tackle rising rates of antibiotic resistance, without it we risk returning to the pre antibiotic era. As bacteria evolve very fast according to the environment in which they inhabit via developing different defence mechanisms to combat with the noxious agents like different classes of antibiotics including carbapenems. This results into treatment failure and clinical complications. Global emergence of antibiotic resistance due to bacterial multidrug efflux pump systems are a major and common mechanism of intrinsic antimicrobial resistance employed by bacteria which are spreading rapidly due to over use or misuse of antimicrobial agents. This review mainly focusses on the transcriptional expression of efflux pump system AcrAB-TolC, local regulatory genes (AcrR and AcrS), mediating carbapenem resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli under antibiotic stress, a genetic interplay study between intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance mechanisms along with a brief summary on high risk factors and prevalence of urinary tract infections by multidrug resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

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Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Ramya Nagarajan, Gayathri Surendran und Manikandanesan Sakthivel. „Impact of COVID-19 on Psychological Status of General Population“. In Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97866.

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WHO has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Like the virus affects the entire body, the pandemic affected the entire global trade and economy, leading to the loss of jobs and businesses. Thus, it would be appropriate to quote COVID-19 as a social disease rather than treating only as a medical condition. The COVID-19 pandemic, being a social disease, affects all the individuals of the society in terms of their physical, mental, social health and challenges the economic status of the entire population, irrespective of whether they were physically sick. However, the mental health impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been overlooked, given its benign nature. We can anticipate a higher prevalence of psychological distress during any pandemic than typical situations. The COVID-19 instils fear and anxiety among people. Isolation and quarantine to reduce disease transmission have a negative impact on one’s mental health. The lockdowns lead to the closure of educational institutions and workplaces, loss of jobs, economic loss, lack of physical activity, restrictions on travel and gatherings. All these factors cumulatively affected the mental stamina of millions worldwide. Given its importance, we have reviewed the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological status of general population.

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M. Uchejeso, Obeta, Ikeagwulonu R. Chinaza, Ohanube A.K. Goodluck und Jwanse I. Rinpan. „Some Igbo Indigenous Plants with Anti-COVID-19 Properties“. In Alternative Medicine [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94244.

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Coronavirus (COVID-19) has shaken the world not minding the strength of the global health system leading to over 824, 000 deaths amidst the search of a cure and total prevention. The Igbo states in Nigeria has the average prevalence of 711 cases of COVID-19 with the highest 1096 (Enugu) and least 207 (Anambra) as at 26th August, 2020. This chapter studied some Igbo indigenous plants in use since the outbreak and presents Bitter kola, Garlic, Giloy, Ginger, Lime, and Turmeric which are having anti-COVID-19 properties. The authors suggest that these plants have the properties that alter the PH on the interface between the virus spike proteins and the human respiratory surfaces causing a brake on the interaction with human ACE-2 and where interaction has taken place, the replication and translation stages are disrupted. The plants thus are potential modifiers of this milieu and inhibitor of the main protease and endoribonuclease via epigenetics and homeostasis. These plants consumption should be encouraged as prophylactic or curative measures pending the discovery of a definitive cure. The chapter recommends that the search for COVID-19 cure should not be limited to conventional medicines, rather should be extended to some indigenous plants in Igbo land.

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C. Holter, Jordan, Christine Marchionni und James A. James III. „The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on Graduate Medical Education (GME): An Exploration of Behavioral Health Aspects“. In Contemporary Topics in Graduate Medical Education - Volume 2 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96764.

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019, regularly referred to as “COVID-19”, has had an unprecedented impact on not only the state of graduate medical education (GME) for post-doctoral trainees, but also their well-being and welfare. Trainees comprise approximately 14% of physicians in the United States. This crucial portion of personnel in healthcare has irrefutably represented the resilience that personifies the medical community. The prevalence of physical and emotional exertion by these trainees, necessitated by the pandemic, has precipitated behavioral health ailments like mood disorders including depression and anxiety, diminished satisfaction in their corresponding specialties and impaired their ability to achieve balance between professional and personal responsibilities. This excerpt examines the pervasiveness of the adverse psychosocial implications the COVID-19 pandemic has had on this susceptible practitioner population in addition to the examination of physical and emotional exhaustion that exacerbate physician burnout including the implementation of policies and procedures to address the emergent problem of physician burnout throughout the COVID-19 pandemic by the GME. Also, this excerpt examines the adaptation of GME, including the reformation and implementation of innovative policies and procedures that has incontestably created an imprint on medical education for descendants of ACGME residency and fellowship programs in the United States.

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Luciano Carneiro Alves de Oliveira, Bruno. „Loss of Employment and Reduction of Income during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Maranhão State, Brazil“. In Anxiety, Uncertainty, and Resilience During the Pandemic Period - Anthropological and Psychological Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97095.

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To estimate the prevalence and factors associated to the loss of employment and reduction of income during the covid-19 pandemic in the state of Maranhão, Brazil. A population-based household survey was performed, from October 19 to 30, 2020. The estimates considered clustering, stratification and non-response. The sample selection was carried out in three stages (stratum, census tracts and households). After systematic analysis, thirty sectors were selected in each stratum, totaling 150 sectors, with the number of households in each sector set at 34 households, totaling 5,100 households and one inhabitant per household (resident for at least six months and with 1-year-old or more) selected by simple random sample. To this research were analyzed 3,297 inhabitants among 18 and 64 years old. The Loss of employment and income from the pandemic was questioned. Descriptive analysis (weighted frequency) and Pearson’s chi-square test were performed to verify univariate association between independent variables and the outcome (p < 0.05). The prevalence of loss of employment and income was 12.1% (95%CI 10.5–13.7%), but another 39.7% (95% CI 37.3–42.1%) were already out of the market before the pandemic. This loss was statistically greater among residents of the largest and wealthiest cities in the state (stratum with the state capital: 22.7%; 95% CI 18.8–27.2; and in cities with more than 100 thousand inhabitants: 12.4%; 95% CI 9.9–15.6), male (14.3%; 95% CI 11.9–17.3; p = 0.037), middle-aged adults between 30 and 49 years (15.3%; 95% CI 12.8–18.2; p = 0.001), medium level (15.3%; 95% CI 12.9–18.1; p = 0.003) and higher education (14.4%; 95% CI 9.4–21.5; p = 0.003) and users of public transportation (14.6%; 95% CI 12.4–17.2; p = 0.005), and among those who received this aid was much higher (50.4%; 95% CI 33.2–67.4; p = 0.001). The results showed a relevant prevalence of loss of work and income in Maranhão and its association with individual and contextual factors. They revealed the groups and contexts most affected socioeconomically by the pandemic and that should deserve special attention from public income transfer strategies.

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Hughes, Colin, und Mark N. K. Saunders. „Building and Maintaining Trust in Virtual Teams“. In Handbook of Research on Remote Work and Worker Well-Being in the Post-COVID-19 Era, 264–85. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6754-8.ch015.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread adoption of virtual teams (VTs), the prevalence of which had already been increasing steadily. However, studies show that VTs often fail to meet their potential, highlighting the centrality of trust to their success. While trust is important at the team member level and the focus of much of the extant research, it also underpins effective virtual leadership. Following a review of VT and trust literatures, research conducted within three global technology companies across Europe, Middle East, and Africa is used to provide insights into trust development in virtual leader-member dyads. These highlight leaders' behaviours that can both demonstrate their own trustworthiness to VT members and their trust of VT members. These behaviours are integrated into a framework for enabling high trust VT leadership which emphasises member-centricity.

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Strenio, Jacqueline, und Joyita Roy Chowdhury. „Remote Work, Sexual Harassment, and Worker Well-Being“. In Handbook of Research on Remote Work and Worker Well-Being in the Post-COVID-19 Era, 32–52. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6754-8.ch003.

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Workplace sexual harassment is a serious occupational hazard, adversely affecting workers' employment trajectories, economic well-being, and mental and physical health. Prior to COVID-19, it was widespread and primarily perpetrated by men against women, both in the physical workplace and physical and virtual public spaces associated with work. This chapter examines how the transition to remote work has effected changes in the prevalence and types of sexual harassment, paying attention to its gendered nature. Remote work holds both promise and peril. While exposure to physical harassment has fallen, information and communications technology has increased the risk of sexual harassment in virtual spaces. The cases of the United States and India are explored in more detail to compare worker experiences across the Global North and Global South, in countries with vastly different socioeconomic structures. This chapter contributes to the understanding of the benefits and challenges of remote work in combatting sexual harassment.

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Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Rakhra, Ananya, Ishika Jain, Raghav Gupta und Madhulika Bhatia. „Predicting the Prevalence Rate of COVID-19 Falsity on Temperature“. In 2021 11th International Conference on Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (Confluence). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/confluence51648.2021.9377198.

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Chong, Dennis, Issam Seyala, Muhammad Hamza, Sundes Shah, Khaled Makhlouf, Wai-Chung Wong, Gavin Bridgwood, Bethany Griffith und Diego Maseda. „173 Prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in patients hospitalised with COVID-19“. In British Cardiovascular Society Virtual Annual Conference, ‘Cardiology and the Environment’, 7–10 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-bcs.170.

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Fan, Junchen. „A Study on Social and Economic Factors of COVID-19 Prevalence“. In 2021 International Conference on Economic Development and Business Culture (ICEDBC 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210712.028.

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Iqbal Muhammad, A., S. Ananth, M. Shah, T. Sedighi, I. Chahal, A. Barlow, F. Chua, W. J. Song und R. Vancheeswaran. „Prevalence of Chronic Cough Following COVID-19 Infection: A Cross Sectional Study“. In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3837.

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Dhand, R., P. Terry und E. Heidel. „Prevalence and Risk of Severe Asthma in Adult Patients with COVID-19“. In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a3076.

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Tsotniashvili, Zaza. „COVID-19 – Impact of Disinformation on Georgian Society“. In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctc.2021/ctc21.006.

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Disinformation and malign influence in Georgia, both internal and external, draws heavily on psychological drivers of human behavior to exploit and manipulate. Essentially, similar to the strategy the advertising world has adopted, disinformation’s strategy is to change perceptions and, ultimately, manipulate social behavior. Its goal is to shift attitudes, perceptions, values, and norms. Georgia’s current adversaries deploy their information operations to undermine the resilience of Georgia’s democratic institutions, its social cohesion and impede the formation of inclusive national identity. While there is broad consensus that disinformation and malign influence has devastating effects on democracy worldwide, it is more challenging to measure the direct impact that disinformation may have in discrediting political opponents or inducing voter apathy. Public opinion surveys provide some insight into whether or not key narratives spread through disinformation have taken root – which appears to be the case – but they are imprecise in measuring to what extent the disinformation efforts have indeed contributed to their prevalence and how.

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Mu, Ming. „The Prevalence and Antecedents of Nationalism Conspiracy Theories During Covid-19 in China“. In 2020 4th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200826.065.

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Schwarzl, G., M. Hayden, M. Limbach und K. Schultz. „The prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in patients recovering from COVID-19“. In Sleep and Breathing 2021 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.sleepandbreathing-2021.24.

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Barker, Sandra, Harsh Suri, Brent Gregory, Audrea Warner, Amanda White, Vivek Venkiteswaran und Una Lightfoot. „Learning from COVID-19 to futureproof assessment in Business Education“. In ASCILITE 2020: ASCILITE’s First Virtual Conference. University of New England, Armidale, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14742/ascilite2020.0140.

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The prevalence of face to face invigilated exams in Business Schools across Australia and New Zealand (indeed around the world) needed to be reconsidered quickly during the recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis. With teaching and learning activities moving to online mode due to social distancing requirements, the need to consider technology enabled assessments and how they could be efficiently and effectively implemented became a crucial focus of universities in early 2020, affecting staff and students alike. This paper looks at the experiences of a group of academics and academic developers from five ANZ Business Schools and the lessons that they learnt from these experiences.

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Shannon, Jackilen, David Bangsberg, Paul Spellman, Bridget Barnes, Jenny Lee Berry, Kim Brown, Derick DuVivier et al. „Abstract PO-057: Cancer center support for understanding statewide COVID-19 prevalence and early detection“. In AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; July 20-22, 2020. American Association for Cancer Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1557-3265.covid-19-po-057.

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Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Covid-19 prevalence"

Means, Barbara, Vanessa Peters, Julie Neisler, Korah Wiley und Rebecca Griffiths. Lessons From Remote Learning During COVID-19. Digital Promise, März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/116.

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The abrupt transition to remote instruction in response to COVID-19 posed significant challenges for both students and instructors. This report provides data on the prevalence of the different kinds of challenges college students faced during the shift to remote instruction and the nature of spring 2020 courses from the perspectives of both students and instructors. These descriptions are complemented by survey data on the prevalence of online instructional practices that are generally recommended in the online learning literature and analyses of the relationship of these practices to student satisfaction with their course. This report describes findings from two research activities conducted concurrently: a survey of a nationally representative sample of over 1,000 undergraduates who were taking online courses that included in-person meetings when they began and had to switch to entirely remote instruction; and qualitative descriptions of 29 courses offered by 10 institutions, based on interviews and focus groups with students and instructors.

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Du, Li, Yamin Chen, Ying Li, Wei Yuan und Jianshu Wang. Prevalence of depression during the SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 pandemics: a protocol for overview of systematic reviews. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.8.0003.

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Chauvin, Juan Pablo, Annabelle Fowler und Nicolás Herrera L. The Younger Age Profile of COVID-19 Deaths in Developing Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002879.

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This paper examines why a larger share of COVID-19 deaths occurs among young and middle-aged adults in developing countries than in high-income countries. Using novel data at the country, city, and patient levels, we investigate the drivers of this gap in terms of the key components of the standard Susceptible-Infected-Recovered framework. We obtain three main results. First, we show that the COVID-19 mortality age gap is not explained by younger susceptible populations in developing countries. Second, we provide indirect evidence that higher infection rates play a role, showing that variables linked to faster COVID-19 spread such as residential crowding and labor informality are correlated with younger mortality age profiles across cities. Third, we show that lower recovery rates in developing countries account for nearly all of the higher death shares among young adults, and for almost half of the higher death shares among middle-aged adults. Our evidence suggests that lower recovery rates in developing countries are driven by a higher prevalence of preexisting conditions that have been linked to more severe COVID-19 complications, and by more limited access to hospitals and intensive care units in some countries.

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Levesque, Justine, Nathaniel Loranger, Carter Sehn, Shantel Johnson und Jordan Babando. COVID-19 prevalence and infection control measures at homeless shelters and hostels in high-income countries: protocol for a scoping review. York University Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/10315/38513.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted people experiencing homelessness. Homeless shelters and hostels, as congregate living spaces for residents with many health vulnerabilities, are highly susceptible to outbreaks of COVID-19. A synthesis of the research-to-date can inform evidence-based practices for infection, prevention, and control strategies at these sites to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19 among both shelter/hostel residents and staff. Methods: A scoping review in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s framework will be conducted to identify literature reporting COVID-19 positivity rates among homeless shelter and hostel residents and staff, as well as infection control strategies to prevent outbreaks in these facilities. The focus will be on literature produced in high-income countries. Nine academic literature databases and 11 grey literature databases will be searched for literature from March 2020 to July 2021. Literature screening will be completed by two reviewers and facilitated by Covidence, a systematic review management platform. A third reviewer will be engaged to resolve disagreements and facilitate consensus. A narrative summary of the major themes identified in the literature, numerical counts of relevant data including the COVID-19 positivity rates, and recommendations for different infection control approaches will be produced. Discussion: The synthesis of the research generated on COVID-19 prevalence and prevention in homeless shelters and hostels will assist in establishing best practices to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and other airborne diseases at these facilities in high-income countries while identifying next steps to expand the existing evidence base.

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Cai, Hong, Pan Chen und Yu-tao Xiang. Prevalence of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents during COVID-19 pandemic: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0098.

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Mackey, Katherine, Irina Arkhipova-Jenkins, Charlotte Armstrong, Emily Gean, Johanna Anderson, Robin A. Paynter und Mark Helfand. Antibody Response Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implications for Immunity: A Rapid Living Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccovidimmunity.

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 Evidence suggests that the majority of adults develop detectable levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (moderate strength of evidence* [SoE]).  IgM levels peak approximately 20 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and subsequently decline. IgG levels peak approximately 25 days after symptom onset or RT-PCR diagnosis and may remain detectable for at least 120 days (moderate SoE*).  Almost all adults develop neutralizing antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and these antibodies may remain detectable for at least 152 days (low SoE*).  A small percentage of people do not develop antibodies in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection for reasons that are largely unclear but may be related to less severe disease or absence of symptoms.  Antibody prevalence does not appear to vary by age or sex, but older age may be associated with higher antibody levels (low SoE*). Non-White race may be associated with higher antibody prevalence and levels (low SoE*). COVID-19 severity and presence of symptoms may also be associated with higher antibody prevalence or levels (low SoE*). More evidence is needed to draw stronger conclusions regarding how the antibody response varies by patient characteristics and disease factors.  Studies to date have not established the relationship between the development of antibodies after RT-PCR-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk of reinfection. Studies based on index serologic testing suggest that the presence of antibodies is associated with a lower risk of a subsequent positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test.

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Giles Álvarez, Laura, und Jeetendra Khadan. Mind the Gender Gap: A Picture of the Socioeconomic Trends Surrounding COVID-19 in the Caribbean with a Gender Lens. Inter-American Development Bank, Dezember 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002961.

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This paper provides an insight on the gender impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Caribbean. The analysis makes use of the April 2020 online COVID-19 survey that the Inter-American Development conducted in all six Caribbean Country Department member countries. We find that the pandemic is having different effects on men and women. For example, job losses have been more prevalent amongst single-females, whilst business closures have been more prevalent amongst single-males. Quality of life also seems to have worsened more for single-females than for single-males and partners (married or common law partnership) and domestic violence against women has been on the rise. Although the coverage of social assistance programs has increased substantially during the pandemic, we find that more targeting of households with single females could be beneficial, particularly as they show lower levels of financial resilience. Going forward, we recommend further gender targeting in social assistance programs and the collection of gender-disaggregated data that will allow for more thorough investigation of the gender effects of these types of shocks.

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Bonilla, Leonardo, Luz Adriana Flórez, Didier Hermida, Francisco Lasso, Leonardo Fabio Morales, Karen Pulido und José David Pulido. Recuperación gradual del mercado laboral y efectos de la crisis sanitaria sobre las firmas formales. Banco de la República de Colombia, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rml.16.

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A pesar de que las cifras de empleo de agosto registraron una notoria recuperación de la ocupación nacional, el mercado laboral colombiano continúa fuertemente deteriorado como consecuencia de la pandemia por el Covid-19. Este deterioro ha sido particularmente fuerte en las ciudades, las cuales en su mayoría mantienen tasas de desempleo (TD) históricamente altas, y para la población femenina y los menores de 25 años. Respecto a la recuperación de la ocupación, esta ha sido liderada por el segmento no asalariado y el informal en las áreas urbanas, lo que apuntaría a una recomposición del empleo hacia segmentos con menor estabilidad de ingresos. En cuanto a estos últimos, si bien para el empleo asalariado los ajustes en salarios han sido leves, los ingresos de los no asalariados han sufrido fuertes contracciones, tanto por el número como por la remuneración de cada hora trabajada. Todo esto implica un fuerte choque en el ingreso disponible para una importante proporción de hogares. Por el lado de la oferta laboral, a pesar de que la participación se sigue recuperando en los últimos meses, persiste una proporción significativa de inactivos que puede entrar al mercado laboral y presionar al alza la TD. Ante este panorama, y teniendo en cuenta los pronósticos de actividad económica, se estima que la TD nacional terminaría 2020 entre el 15,1% y el 16,9%, dejando su nivel promedio para 2020 entre el 15,9% y el 16,7%. Para 2021 se espera una caída gradual que dejaría su nivel promedio entre el 14,0% y el 16,3%. Así las cosas, la TD a finales de 2020 estaría alrededor de 4,3 puntos porcentuales (pp) por encima de su nivel consistente con una inflación estable; mientras que para 2021 se estima una brecha aún positiva, pero alrededor de 1 pp menor, en promedio. Lo anterior implica que el mercado laboral se mantendría ampliamente holgado y seguiría ejerciendo presiones a la baja en la inflación por cuenta de unos menores ajustes en los costos salariales. Como es usual, este reporte se divide en dos secciones. En la primera se examinan en detalle los principales hechos coyunturales del mercado laboral. En la segunda se analiza el impacto de la crisis sanitaria sobre las firmas formales y su empleo usando información agregada de la Planilla Integrada de Liquidación de Aportes (PILA). Se evalúa el impacto de la crisis, dependiendo de que las industrias faciliten el distanciamiento físico, posibiliten la modalidad de teletrabajo y hayan sido restringidas por el aislamiento obligatorio. Adicionalmente, se examina si esos efectos dependen de la prevalencia de firmas pequeñas y de baja productividad. Los resultados indican que la crisis sanitaria efectivamente ha tenido un impacto diferente entre industrias en las dimensiones evaluadas y que la mayor reducción de firmas se ha registrado en mercados con una mayor concentración de empresas pequeñas y de baja productividad. Además, se observa que el impacto de las restricciones sectoriales fue heterogéneo y dependió del tamaño promedio de las firmas, y que entre las industrias con dificultades para realizar teletrabajo o con alta proximidad física las más afectadas fueron aquellas firmas de baja productividad.

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Covid-19: A Stress Test for Trust? Institute of Development Studies (IDS), März 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/a4ea.2021.001.

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To tackle the Covid-19 pandemic, governments need citizens to trust messages on behaviour change, and to support more draconian steps like lockdowns. Yet, lack of trust in public authority and a prevalence of rumours are shaping people’s responses to the virus, especially in fragile, conflict-affected places. Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA) research among poor and marginalised households in such areas shows how distrust causes serious problems – and how approaches tailored to local contexts can mitigate these.

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The policy context for research into child and adolescent psychotherapy. ACAMH, Februar 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.13056/acamh.14721.

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