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Thematische Bibliographien / Coupled volumes / Zeitschriftenartikel

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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema „Coupled volumes“

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Veröffentlicht am 25. Mai 2024

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1

Moss, P., und E. D. Salin. „Flow Injection Preconcentration Coupled with Direct Sample Insertion for Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry“. Applied Spectroscopy 45, Nr. 10 (Dezember 1991): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702914335210.

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A flow injection (FI) preconcentration system has been coupled with a direct sample insertion (DSI) system for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The FI system provides a preconcentration factor of approximately 30. The DSI detection limit improvement, as compared to conventional nebulization detection limits, is element specific and ranges between 10 and 130 when a cup specifically designed for liquid work is used. The FI-DSI hybrid provides detection limit improvements ranging between 140 and 1200 for the elements tested—Cu, Pb, and Zn. Precision of the FI-DSI-ICP system averages 4% RSD for these three elements. FI processing time is 6.0 minutes with the use of 5-mL injection volumes. The system offers considerable potential for further improvement by increasing the injection volume and improving the interface to the DSI.

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2

Woszczyk, Wieslaw. „Synthesis of acoustics of coupled volumes—Perceptual approach“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 149, Nr. 4 (April 2021): A116—A117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0004697.

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3

McCall, Robert Timothy, Gerd Masselink, Dano Roelvink, Paul Russell, Mark Davidson und Timothy Poate. „MODELLING OVERWASH AND INFILTRATION ON GRAVEL BARRIERS“. Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, Nr. 33 (25.10.2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.currents.34.

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A quasi-3D process-based and time dependent groundwater model is developed and coupled to a hydrodynamic storm impact model to simulate the effect of infiltration on overwash on a gravel barrier. The coupled model is shown to accurately reproduce groundwater variations, runup properties and overwash time series measured in the gravel barrier during a large-scale physical model experiment. The coupled model is applied to study the influence of hydraulic conductivity on overwash volumes. It is shown that modeled overwash volumes are significantly affected by infiltration for hydraulic conductivity values greater than 0.01ms-1.

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4

Policastro, Steven A., Carlos M. Hangarter, Rachel M. Anderson und Fritz Friedersdorf. „Effect of confined electrolyte volumes on galvanic corrosion kinetics in statically loaded materials“. Corrosion Reviews 37, Nr. 5 (25.09.2019): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0016.

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AbstractThis work investigates the effects that the confined volume of atmospheric electrolytes has on the galvanic corrosion kinetics of a martensitic stainless steel alloy, UNS S13800, coupled with UNS A97075 in simulated atmospheric environments at relative humidity values that span the range of operational exposures. Restricted volumes found in thin films and droplets have been shown to control reduction reaction kinetics and are an ongoing challenge to characterize and standardize. This, along with the dynamic and high concentration of aggressive ions found in confined electrolytes, creates a unique corrosion system that requires a multifaceted approach to evaluate varied conditions, compare them with traditional measurements, and more accurately predict galvanic atmospheric corrosion. In this work, corrosion currents in galvanic couples were obtained under two environmental conditions: (1) bulk electrolytes, in a standardized test configuration, with chemistries relevant to atmospheric electrolytes; and (2) deliquesced droplets formed and equilibrated at a given temperature and relative humidity value. The corrosion currents for the same galvanic couple specimens were evaluated, using an atmospheric corrosion model, under a thin film electrolyte while statically loaded and unloaded, at two nominally different locations, e.g. Alexandria, VA, and Miami, FL, on the same date, using recorded weather conditions. The modeled corrosion currents were then compared with the currents obtained from the experimental conditions.

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5

Doria, Damian, Russell Johnson, Todd L. Brooks und Ted Pyper. „Coupled volumes in concert hall: Not just reverberation chambers“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116, Nr. 4 (Oktober 2004): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4785193.

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6

Nakajima, Tateo, und Todd L. Brooks. „Coupled volumes in concert halls—impact on spatial perception“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, Nr. 4 (April 2012): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4709192.

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7

Doggett, Coleman A. „A Method to Assess Large-Scale Forest Damage: A Case Study“. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 17, Nr. 4 (01.11.1993): 197–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/17.4.197.

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Abstract Large-scale forest disasters require rapid quantitative damage assessments. A method is presented of quickly acquiring statistically quantifiable damage data. The method involves systematic ground sampling coupled with the use of a geographic information system (GIS), which maps damage by criteria classes and determines acreage within each criteria class. These data are then expanded by average per-acre timber volumes obtained from USDA Forest Service statewide inventories and by mean losses within defined classes to determine volume losses. Volume losses are converted to dollar values by multiplying volumes by Timber Mart South (Norris 1989) stumpage values. South. J. Appl. For. 17(4):197-199.

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8

Niccolini Marmont Du Haut Champ, Carlo Alberto, Paolo Silvestri, Federico Reggio, Mario Luigi Ferrari und Aristide Fausto Massardo. „Early surge detection in a mGT plant coupled with large volumes“. E3S Web of Conferences 414 (2023): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341402009.

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The present work features post-processing methods applied to vibro-acoustic data acquired from a T100 micro gas turbine (mGT) plant coupled with different volume interposed plenums. Such experimental campaign was conducted by relying on a test bench developed at the University of Genoa for hybrid systems emulation. Nonetheless, the obtained results can be generalized to all advanced cycles in which a mGT is coupled with further external elements which cause an increase of plant overall volume size. Since in this case a 100 kW mGT was employed, the interposed vessel was placed between heat recovery system outlet and combustor inlet, such as in common cases relevant to small size plants. Post-processing techniques carried out on acoustic and vibrational measurements can make available innovative diagnostic tools and predictive solutions by relying on appropriate instability indicators which are defined basing only on microphone and accelerometer experimental data. The main results presented in this work are relevant to rotating stall and incipient surge proper identification. Such investigation has been performed to increase the knowledge about such dangerous compressor working conditions; indeed, energy systems characterized by significant interposed volumes coupled with centrifugal compressors feature issues relevant to structural damaging due to surge and rotating stall.

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9

Tiryana, Tatang, Lailatul Khasanah, Priyanto Priyanto, Sri Rahaju und Muhdin Muhdin. „FORM FACTORS AND VOLUME MODELS FOR ESTIMATING TREE BOLE VOLUME OF MAHOGANY AT COMMUNITY FORESTS IN CENTRAL JAVA“. Indonesian Journal of Forestry Research 8, Nr. 2 (31.10.2021): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2021.8.2.199-211.

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Form factors and volume models are often be used in the estimation of tree volumes. However, a few studies have developed and evaluated the accuracy of form factors and volume models for estimating tree volumes of community forests. This study aimed to formulate form factors and volume models and assess their prediction accuracy for estimating tree bole volumes of mahogany at community forests in Central Java. This study used 120 sample trees with diameters of 6–38 cm to formulate artificial and absolute form factors and to develop tree bole volume models. These form factors coupled with bole height and total height were used in simple volume equations. Regression analyses were used to develop volume models using the diameter and total height as predictors. The simple volume equations and volume models' prediction accuracy was evaluated using a cross-validation dataset and independent dataset (30 sample trees). The artificial form factor (0.68 ± 0.11) of mahogany, which was higher than the absolute form factor (0.46 ± 0.09), provided accurate estimates of tree bole volumes when it was used with the bole height instead of the total height. The volume model that uses diameter and total height produced the most accurate estimates, while the volume model that uses diameter alone provided the most practical yet reliable tool for estimating tree bole volumes of mahogany. The results of this study are useful for improving community forest management.

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10

Charchi, Negar, Ying Li, Margaret Huber, Elyahb Allie Kwizera, Xiaohua Huang, Christos Argyropoulos und Thang Hoang. „Small mode volume plasmonic film-coupled nanostar resonators“. Nanoscale Advances 2, Nr. 6 (2020): 2397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00262c.

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11

Ermann, Michael. „Coupled Volumes: Secondary Room Reverberance and the Double-Sloped Decay of Concert Halls“. Building Acoustics 12, Nr. 3 (September 2005): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/135101005774353069.

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The coupled volume concert hall and its signature double sloped sound decay aim to partially reconcile the often-competing qualities of clarity and reverberance. A concert hall is conceived with a fixed geometric volume, form, and aperture size. A coupled volume is attached and its materiality is established as variable. Both statistical and geometric relative analyses suggest a highly sensitive relationship between the coupled volume reverberation time and the double-sloped condition.

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12

Hagarová, Ingrid, Lucia Nemček, Martin Šebesta, Ondřej Zvěřina, Peter Kasak und Martin Urík. „Preconcentration and Separation of Gold Nanoparticles from Environmental Waters Using Extraction Techniques Followed by Spectrometric Quantification“. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, Nr. 19 (28.09.2022): 11465. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911465.

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The quantification of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) in environmental samples at ultratrace concentrations can be accurately performed by sophisticated and pricey analytical methods. This paper aims to challenge the analytical potential and advantages of cheaper and equally reliable alternatives that couple the well-established extraction procedures with common spectrometric methods. We discuss several combinations of techniques that are suitable for separation/preconcentration and quantification of AuNP in complex and challenging aqueous matrices, such as tap, river, lake, brook, mineral, and sea waters, as well as wastewaters. Cloud point extraction (CPE) has been successfully combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), chemiluminescence (CL), and total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The major advantage of this approach is the ability to quantify AuNP of different sizes and coatings in a sample with a volume in the order of milliliters. Small volumes of sample (5 mL), dispersive solvent (50 µL), and extraction agent (70 µL) were reported also for surfactant-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (SA-DLLME) coupled with electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). The limits of detection (LOD) achieved using different combinations of methods as well as enrichment factors (EF) varied greatly, being 0.004–200 ng L−1 and 8–250, respectively.

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13

Griffin, Steve, Steven A. Lane und Steve Huybrechts. „Coupled Helmholtz Resonators for Acoustic Attenuation“. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 123, Nr. 1 (01.08.2000): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1320812.

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Helmholtz resonators are used in a variety of applications to reduce the transmission of unwanted sound. This work demonstrates that mechanically coupled resonators can be used to design a particular transmission loss response, provide a wider bandwidth of attenuation, and adapt the transmission loss characteristics of a structure to attenuate disturbances of varying frequency. An analytical model is developed for a single, coupled resonator system mounted on a one-dimensional duct. Experiments are conducted on a similar system that uses a thin membrane to couple the resonator volumes. A simplistic model of the membrane is presented to estimate equivalent “piston” properties from measured physical properties. Experiments confirm that the coupled resonator system behaves as predicted by the model simulations, and that the transmission loss can be shaped by adjusting the mass or stiffness of the coupling member. The experimental results also illustrate the structural-acoustic coupling effects between the resonators and the membrane, and indicate that a more inclusive model of the membrane and acoustic dynamics is required in order to accurately predict the resonator transmission loss.

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14

Pu, Hongjie, Xiaojun Qiu und Jiqing Wang. „Different sound decay patterns and energy feedback in coupled volumes“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 129, Nr. 4 (April 2011): 1972–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3553223.

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15

Bradley, David T., und Lily M. Wang. „Relating double slope decay in coupled volumes with volume ratio, absorption ratio, and aperture size“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, Nr. 4 (April 2003): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4808833.

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16

Karuppuswami, Saranraj, Saikat Mondal, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali und Premjeet Chahal. „A Reusable 3D Printed Cavity Resonator for Liquid Sample Characterization“. International Symposium on Microelectronics 2018, Nr. 1 (01.10.2018): 000389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2018.1.000389.

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Abstract In this paper, additive manufacturing (3D printing) is used to fabricate and demonstrate a reusable microfluidic coupled rectangular cavity resonator for characterizing liquids in small volumes. The designed cavity operates in the fundamental TE101 mode and resonates at 4.12 GHz. The resonance of the cavity is perturbed by the sample placed in a small volume sample holder through a slot in the top cover. Two different perturbation configurations are investigated: i) strongly coupled (liquids with low to medium dielectric constants), and ii) weakly coupled (liquids with medium to high dielectric constant). The sample holder is loaded with different solvents and the shift in the resonance frequency is monitored. Based on these changes, the dielectric constant of the solvent is theoretically estimated and compared to standard values. The reusable liquid sensor holds significant potential in identifying and quantifying unknown liquid samples in the supply chain.

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17

Jasa, Tomislav, und Ning Xiang. „Determining Bayesian evidence and decay time estimates in acoustically coupled volumes“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 120, Nr. 5 (November 2006): 3374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4781586.

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18

Chandak, Anish, Lakulish Antani und Dinesh Manocha. „Energy decay analysis in coupled volumes using an acoustic wave simulator“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 134, Nr. 5 (November 2013): 3985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4830521.

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19

Han, Z., V. Van, W. N. Herman und P. T. Ho. „Aperture-coupled MIM plasmonic ring resonators with sub-diffraction modal volumes“. Optics Express 17, Nr. 15 (10.07.2009): 12678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.17.012678.

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20

Grinnip, Roger. „Optimized directionality in acoustically coupled, dual motor, uniphase, moving coil microphones“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018446.

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In uniphase, moving coil microphones, pneumatic vibration cancellation is an effective means to minimize structural excitation. However, pneumatic vibration cancellation requires precise control of the transfer function between the capsule and the microphone body, and the internal volumes are large. Therefore, the uniphase, moving coil capsule with pneumatic vibration cancellation is not well suited as a portable platform in applications that require a compact size. The addition of a secondary transduction mechanism is commonly used to mitigate a variety of unwanted signal sources in microphones, and is an effective alternative to the pneumatic vibration cancellation. Because the secondary transduction mechanism is integral to the capsule, precise control of the capsule/body transfer function is not needed, resulting in a more portable solution. However, the current strategy for vibration cancellation is to isolate the secondary transduction mechanism from the acoustical excitation, which does not minimize the internal volume and is not compact. A new strategy proposes an alternative architecture where the two transduction mechanisms share an internal volume. When certain constraints are met, acoustically coupling the motors results both a minimized internal volume and an optimized microphone directionality at low frequencies. Simulated and measured results are shown to illustrate the implementation.

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21

Larocca de Souza, Larissa, und Marcelo L. Moretti. „Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control“. HortScience 55, Nr. 11 (November 2020): 1848–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci15317-20.

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Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) basal sprouts, or suckers, are removed to train trees as a single trunk, facilitating mechanization. Suckers are routinely controlled with herbicides, often by using nozzles that generate fine droplets and spray volumes as high as 934 L·ha−1, making spray drift a concern. Spray nozzle type and carrier volume can impact herbicide efficacy and drift. Field studies compared the efficacy of 2,4-D and glufosinate in controlling suckers when applied with a flat-fan nozzle, producing fine droplets, to a TeeJet air-induction nozzle, producing ultra-coarse droplets. These nozzles were evaluated at 187 and 374 L·ha−1. Nozzle and carrier volume did not affect the efficacy of 2,4-D based on control, sucker height, or dry weight. The efficacy of glufosinate was unaffected by nozzle type or spray volume in most evaluations. These results indicate that hazelnut suckers can be effectively controlled using drift-reduction nozzles with lower carrier volumes (187 L·ha−1). Drift-reduction nozzles, coupled with lower spray volume, can maintain herbicide efficacy, minimize drift risk, and reduce cost.

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22

Chia, V. K. F., R. J. Bleiler, C. L. Anderson und R. W. Odom. „Quantitative Trace Element Analysis of Micro-Samples by SIMS“. Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, Nr. 2 (12.08.1990): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013540x.

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A number of researchers have applied secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) in various areas of medical research. The potential of SIMS as an analytical tool in elemental microanalysis of biological specimens lies in its sub-part per million (ppm) elemental detection sensitivities and its ability to generate two and three dimensional distributions of the intensities of mass selected secondary ions. Established techniques such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) are also capable of sub-ppm elemental detection limits. ICP detection limits are adversely affected as the sample volume decreases below 1 milliliter. The EPMA technique can achieve ppm detection limits with volumes in the 100 picoliter range but its detection limits do not decrease as the sample volume increases. SIMS combines excellent detection sensitivities with small sample masses (picogram) which makes it a very useful complementary technique to ICP and EPMA especially for minor and trace element level analyses in small volumes of biological fluids.

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23

Sha, Shiyin, Ashley P. Dyson, Gholamreza Kefayati und Ali Tolooiyan. „Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Debris Flow Model with Flexible Barrier“. E3S Web of Conferences 415 (2023): 06016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341506016.

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Natural hazards such as large debris flow events can have catastrophic effects on the environment and critical infrastructure, posing a significant threat to human life. Debris flows often exhibit high velocity, high-pressure discharges due to their bulk volume, and the capacity to transport considerable volumes of large rocks, boulders, and woody debris. Although debris flow run-out simulations are commonly performed using hydraulic modelling software, these environments are seldom capable of assessing the interaction between the debris fluid, transported material, and protective structures. In this research, large deformation numerical models are calibrated using input parameters from hydraulic modelling software. Due to the computational cost of the large deformation models involving fluid-solid-structure simulation with flexible net barriers, an equivalent stiffness method is implemented to provide comparable performance through a membrane structure. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Finite Element method is used to model the impact forces of rocky boulders on the membrane, exhibiting damage characteristics consistent with flexible ring-net protective structures. The Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian model results highlight the performance of the simplified membrane, as shown through a benchmark simulation of debris flow with boulders.

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24

Mansouri, Sabeur, und Louis Tebou. „Stabilization of coupled thermoelastic Kirchhoff plate and wave equations“. Electronic Journal of Differential Equations 2020, Nr. 01-132 (16.12.2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/ejde.2020.121.

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We consider a coupled system consisting of a Kirchhoff thermoelastic plate and an undamped wave equation. It is known that the Kirchhoff thermoelastic plate is exponentially stable. The coupling is weak. First, we show that the coupled system is not exponentially stable. Afterwards, we prove that the coupled system is polynomially stable, and provide an explicit polynomial decay rate of the associated semigroup. Our proof relies on a combination of the frequency domain method and the multipliers technique. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/121/abstr.html

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25

Voronin, Kirill V., Unai Aseguinolaza Aguirreche, Rainer Hillenbrand, Valentyn S. Volkov, Pablo Alonso-González und Alexey Y. Nikitin. „Nanofocusing of acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons for enhancing mid-infrared molecular fingerprints“. Nanophotonics 9, Nr. 7 (18.05.2020): 2089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0164.

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AbstractMid-infrared (mid-IR) optical spectroscopy of molecules is of large interest in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, probing nanometric volumes of molecules is challenging because of the strong mismatch of their mid-infrared absorption and scattering cross-sections with the free-space wavelength. We suggest overcoming this difficulty by nanofocusing acoustic graphene plasmon polaritons (AGPs) – oscillations of Dirac charge carriers coupled to electromagnetic fields with extremely small wavelengths – using a taper formed by a graphene sheet above a metallic surface. We demonstrate that due to the appreciable field enhancement and mode volume reduction, the nanofocused AGPs can efficiently sense molecular fingerprints in nanometric volumes. We illustrate a possible realistic sensing sсenario based on AGP interferometry performed with a near-field microscope. Our results can open new avenues for designing tiny sensors based on graphene and other 2D polaritonic materials.

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26

Nakajima, Tateo, Damian J. Doria, Edward Arenius und Andrew Morgan. „Adjustable acoustics ‐‐‐ Coupled volumes in Artec concert halls: an extravagance or necessity“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, Nr. 5 (Mai 2008): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935914.

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27

Murugavel, Murali, und John M. Sullivan. „Automatic cropping of MRI rat brain volumes using pulse coupled neural networks“. NeuroImage 45, Nr. 3 (April 2009): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.021.

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28

Luizard, Paul, Ning Xiang und Brian FG Katz. „Coupled volumes and statistical acoustics: preliminary results of an improved analytical model“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 131, Nr. 4 (April 2012): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4708109.

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29

Ermann, M. „Coupled Volumes: Aperture Size and the Double-Sloped Decay of Concert Halls“. Building Acoustics 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2005): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1351010053499252.

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30

Ahmad, Israr, Juan Jose Nieto, Ghaus ur Rahman und Kamal Shah. „Existence and stability for fractional order pantograph equations with nonlocal conditions“. Electronic Journal of Differential Equations 2020, Nr. 01-132 (26.12.2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/ejde.2020.132.

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In this article we study the a coupled system of fractional pantograph differential equations (FPDEs). Using degree theory, we state necessary conditions for the existence of solutions to a coupled system of fractional partial differential equations with non-local boundary conditions. Also using tools from non-linear analysis, we establish some stability results. We illustrate our theoretical results with a test problem. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/132/abstr.html

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31

Sugie, Joseph, Marcos Intaglietta und Lanping Amy Sung. „Water transport and homeostasis as a major function of erythrocytes“. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 314, Nr. 5 (01.05.2018): H1098—H1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00263.2017.

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Erythrocytes have long been known to change volumes and shapes in response to different salt concentrations. Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) was discovered in their membranes more than 20 yr ago. The physiological roles of volume changes and AQP1 expression, however, have remained unclear. We propose that rapid water exchange through AQP1 coupled with large capacity for volume change may allow erythrocytes to play an important role in water regulation. In this study, we showed that erythrocytes in situ gradually reduced their volumes by 39% in response to the hyperosmotic corticomedullary gradient within mouse kidneys. AQP1 knockout (KO) erythrocytes, however, displayed only minimal reduction. Constructing a microfluidic device resembling capillary flow with an extracellular fluorescent reporter demonstrated that water exchanges between erythrocytes and their hypotonic or hypertonic surroundings in vitro reached steady state in ~60 ms. AQP1 KO erythrocytes, however, did not show significant change. To simulate the water transport in circulation, we built basic units consisting of three compartments (i.e., erythrocyte, plasma, and interstitial fluid) using Kedem-Katchalsky equations for membrane transport, and connected multiple units to account for the blood flow. These simulations agreed with experimental results. Importantly, volume-changing erythrocytes in capillaries always “increase” the osmotic gradient between plasma and interstitial fluid, making them function as “micropumps” to speed up the regulation of local osmolarity. Trillions of these micropumps, mobile throughout the body, may further contribute to water homeostasis. These insights suggest that the enhanced exchange of water, in addition to O2 and CO2, may well be the third major function of erythrocytes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological roles of erythrocyte volume change and aquaporin-1 were proposed and investigated here. We conclude that fast water transport by aquaporin-1 coupled with large volume-change capacity allows erythrocytes to enhance water exchange with local tissues. Furthermore, their huge number and mobility allow them to contribute to body water homeostasis.

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Rachid, F. B. Freitas, J. H. Carneiro de Araujo und R. M. Baptista. „Predicting Mixing Volumes in Serial Transport in Pipelines“. Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, Nr. 2 (28.05.2002): 528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1459078.

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This paper presents a model for predicting the contaminated mixing volume arising in pipeline batch transfers without physical separators. The proposed technique represents an improvement over the existing methods since it takes into account time-dependent flow rates and accurate concentration-varying axial dispersion coefficients. The governing equation of the model forms a nonlinear boundary-value problem that is solved by a finite element method coupled to the Newton’s method. A comparison among the theoretical predictions of this method, a field test, and other classical procedures show that the proposed method exhibits the best estimate over the whole range of admissible concentrations investigated.

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Zhou, Qianqian, Guoyong Leng und Maoyi Huang. „Impacts of future climate change on urban flood volumes in Hohhot in northern China: benefits of climate change mitigation and adaptations“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, Nr. 1 (15.01.2018): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-305-2018.

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Abstract. As China becomes increasingly urbanised, flooding has become a regular occurrence in its major cities. Assessing the effects of future climate change on urban flood volumes is crucial to informing better management of such disasters given the severity of the devastating impacts of flooding (e.g. the 2016 flooding events across China). Although recent studies have investigated the impacts of future climate change on urban flooding, the effects of both climate change mitigation and adaptation have rarely been accounted for together in a consistent framework. In this study, we assess the benefits of mitigating climate change by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and locally adapting to climate change by modifying drainage systems to reduce urban flooding under various climate change scenarios through a case study conducted in northern China. The urban drainage model – Storm Water Management Model – was used to simulate urban flood volumes using current and two adapted drainage systems (i.e. pipe enlargement and low-impact development, LID), driven by bias-corrected meteorological forcing from five general circulation models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 archive. Results indicate that urban flood volume is projected to increase by 52 % over 2020–2040 compared to the volume in 1971–2000 under the business-as-usual scenario (i.e. Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5). The magnitudes of urban flood volumes are found to increase nonlinearly with changes in precipitation intensity. On average, the projected flood volume under RCP 2.6 is 13 % less than that under RCP 8.5, demonstrating the benefits of global-scale climate change mitigation efforts in reducing local urban flood volumes. Comparison of reduced flood volumes between climate change mitigation and local adaptation (by improving drainage systems) scenarios suggests that local adaptation is more effective than climate change mitigation in reducing future flood volumes. This has broad implications for the research community relative to drainage system design and modelling in a changing environment. This study highlights the importance of accounting for local adaptation when coping with future urban floods.

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Kaushik, Kartik, Eric Wood und Jeffrey Gonder. „Coupled Approximation of U.S. Driving Speed and Volume Statistics using Spatial Conflation and Temporal Disaggregation“. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, Nr. 43 (28.09.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118758391.

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The advent of mobile devices with embedded global positioning systems has allowed commercial providers of real-time traffic data to develop highly accurate estimates of network-level vehicle speeds. Traffic speed data have far outpaced the availability and accuracy of real-time traffic volume information. Limited to a relatively small number of permanent and temporary traffic counters in any city, traffic volumes typically only cover a handful of roadways, with inconsistent temporal resolution. This work addressed this data gap by coupling a commercial data set of typical traffic speeds (by roadway and time of week) from TomTom to the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s Highway Performance Monitoring System database of annual average daily traffic (AADT) counts by roadway. This work is technically novel in its solution for establishing a national crosswalk between independent network geometries using spatial conflation and big data techniques. The resulting product is a national data set providing traffic speed and volume estimates under typical conditions for all U.S. roadways with AADT values.

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Koropchak, John A., Lori Allen und Joe M. Davis. „Aerosol Interfacing Effects on Discrete Sample Introduction Coupled with Spectrometric Detection“. Applied Spectroscopy 46, Nr. 4 (April 1992): 682–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702924125023.

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Aerosol techniques are commonly employed to interface discrete sampling techniques (flow injection analysis and liquid chromatography) with various detectors. The effects of these interfaces on discrete signals have not been described, nor has a rationale been established for presumed differences in band broadening due to aerosol-phase extra-column volume, compared to liquid-phase extra-column volume. In this report, the effects of laminar flow through several transport geometries on signal recovery and band broadening for both wet and desolvated aerosols are investigated. Data presented for the conditions studied indicate that signal losses with linear systems are primarily affected by gravitational settling. Increases in residence time lead to larger losses. Centrifugal effects, which lead to higher losses with coiled systems at high linear velocities, however, appear to have a stabilizing effect at lower velocities. Desolvation significantly reduces the level of gravitational or centrifugal losses via reduction in particle sizes. Band broadening results primarily from convection within laminar flow systems. This result was established on the basis of comparison of real signals with those generated from a convolution routine which mimics the effects of convective dispersion within laminar flows. The relatively high flow rates of aerosol transport systems result in short residence times and small effects of large transport volumes on dispersion. Sample losses also appear to offset band broadening to some extent by reducing peak tailing. Conditions providing efficient analyte transport and signal recovery, as well as low dispersion, can be established.

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Walker, V. E., J. W. Stelling, H. E. Miley und T. J. C. Jacob. „Effect of coupling on volume-regulatory response of ciliary epithelial cells suggests mechanism for secretion“. American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, Nr. 6 (01.06.1999): C1432—C1438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.6.c1432.

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The ciliary epithelium of the eye secretes the aqueous humor. It is a double epithelium arranged so that the apical surfaces of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) and pigmented ciliary epithelial (PCE) cells face each other and the basolateral membranes face the inside of the eye and the blood, respectively. We have investigated the volume responses of both single cells and coupled pairs from this tissue to osmotic challenge. Both NPCE and PCE cells undergo regulatory volume increase (RVI) and decrease (RVD) when exposed to hyper- and hyposmotic solution, respectively. In hyposmotic solution single cells swell and return to their original volumes within ∼3 min. In nonpigmented cells RVD could be inhibited by blockers of volume-activated Cl−channels [tamoxifen (100%) > quinidine (87%) > DIDS (84%) > 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (80%) > SITS (58%)] and K+ channels [Ba2+(31%)]. However, in PCE cells these inhibitors and additionally tetraethylammonium and Gd3+ were without effect. Only bumetanide, an inhibitor of Na+-K+-2Cl−cotransport, was found to have any effect on RVD in PCE cells. NPCE-PCE cell coupled pairs also underwent RVD, but with altered kinetics. The onset of RVD of the PCE cell in a pair occurred ≈80 s before that of the NPCE cell, and the peak swell was reduced. This is consistent with fluid movement from the PCE to the NPCE cell. The effect of the volume-activated Cl− channel inhibitor tamoxifen was to eliminate this difference in the times of onset of RVD in coupled cell pairs and to inhibit RVD in both the NPCE and PCE cells partially. On the basis of these observations we suggest that fluid is transferred from the PCE to the NPCE cell in coupled pairs during cell swelling and the subsequent RVD. Furthermore, we speculate that reciprocal RVI-RVD could underlie aqueous humor secretion.

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Tay, Daniel, und Ning Xiang. „Experimental study of instantaneous sound intensities in rectangular enclosures“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, Nr. 3_supplement (01.03.2023): A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0018019.

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Instantaneous and time-averaged intensities are relevant field quantities in architectural acoustics investigations. Modeling of intensity flows in coupled volumes and the effect of absorptive material on its trajectory in reverberation chambers have been studied recently. This work focuses on vortical energy flows with a derivation of instantaneous intensity in enclosed spaces and an experimental effort for investigating the changes over time in all field quantities of interest—instantaneous intensity, pressure, and velocity simultaneously. In this study, the scale modeling technique is applied to investigate instantaneous intensity flows experimentally measured using pressure-3D velocity sensors in a rectangular room. Experimental results suggest the presence of vortical intensity modes at specific frequencies correlated to the room dimensions. The resulting simulation of intensity vortices has potential applications in the acoustical design and analysis of complex room geometries where sound energy flows play a major role in the acoustics of the space such as that of coupled-volume spaces and small rooms for critical listening.

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Ganaoui, El, und El Alami. „A lattice Boltzmann coupled to finite volumes method for solving phase change problems“. Thermal Science 13, Nr. 2 (2009): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0902205e.

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Penkin, Dmitriy Yu, Sergey L. Berdnik, Victor A. Katrich, Mikhail V. Nesterenko und Victor I. Kijko. „ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS EXCITATION BY A MULTIELEMENT VIBRATOR-SLOT STRUCTURES IN COUPLED ELECTRODYNAMICS VOLUMES“. Progress In Electromagnetics Research B 49 (2013): 235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierb13012702.

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Chureemart, J., L. Lari, T. P. Nolan und K. O'Grady. „The effect of SiO2 content on activation volumes in exchange coupled composite media“. Journal of Applied Physics 114, Nr. 8 (28.08.2013): 083907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4819377.

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Manso, Rubén, J. Paul McLean, Adam Ash und Alexis Achim. „Estimation of individual knot volumes by mixed-effects modelling“. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, Nr. 2 (Februar 2020): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0038.

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We present a new method to estimate individual knot volumes based on a knot geometry model coupled with observations on branch characteristics. X-ray computer tomography and image analysis were used to measure the volume and geometry of 424 knots of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière). Knot geometry can be described mathematically by deriving functions for relative vertical position, diameter, and slope dependent on radial position in the stem. These functions were parameterized using “seemingly unrelated regression” and mixed-modelling techniques. This provided a base model for typical knots. To estimate individual knot volume, we used available data for branch diameter and insertion angle to obtain conditional predictions. We imputed the most likely knot trajectory, as relative vertical position cannot be measured on branches. The model explained up to 96% of the variability in knot volume by incorporating the branch measurements, in contrast to the 43% explained using the typical knot model. Knot volume assessment based only on conditional predictions of diameter and marginal predictions of vertical position also accounted for 96% of the variability. Therefore, measurements of branch diameter alone would be enough to obtain highly precise predictions of individual knot volume. This estimator is a first step towards a knot model to be used for the management of Sitka spruce in Great Britain.

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Lemaître, Frédéric, Mario Bedu und Jean Coudert. „Pulmonary Function in Children and Adult Scuba Divers: A Longitudinal Study“. Pediatric Exercise Science 16, Nr. 4 (November 2004): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.16.4.378.

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Pulmonary function was measured in 48 air divers (age range: 8–38 yr) and 56 control participants (age range: 8–34 yr). Static lung volumes, dynamic lung volumes and flows, and the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide were measured twice, 29 months apart. At both times the adult divers (>18 yr) had higher forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and maximal expiratory flow rate at 50%, as well as lower pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, than did the adult controls. Whatever the age, mean annual changes in these parameters did not differ between groups. Our results indicate that there were no significant changes in pulmonary function in the young (8–12 yr), adolescent, or adult divers compared with healthy controls over the 29-month period. The mean annual changes in forced expiratory flow and volume, however, were negatively correlated with number of years of diving experience in adult divers and with maximal diving depth in adolescent (13–18 yr) divers (p < .05 and p < .001, respectively). Deep diving during the teenage years coupled with years of recreational diving might increase the risk of airway obstruction.

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Padró, L. T., A. Asa-Awuku, R. Morrison und A. Nenes. „Inferring thermodynamic properties from CCN activation experiments: a) single-component and binary aerosols“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, Nr. 2 (15.03.2007): 3805–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-3805-2007.

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Abstract. This study presents a new method, Köhler Theory Analysis (KTA), to infer the molar volume and solubility of organic aerosol constituents. The method is based on measurements of surface tension, chemical composition, and CCN activity coupled with Köhler theory. KTA is evaluated by inferring the molar volume of six known organics (four dicarboxylic acids, one amino acid, and one sugar) in pure form and in mixtures with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). Inferred molar volumes are to within 18% of their expected value for organic fractions between 90 and 100%. This suggests that KTA is a powerful and ideal method for determining the CCN characteristic of ambient water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and provide physically-based constraints for aerosol-cloud interaction parameterizations.

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Padró, L. T., A. Asa-Awuku, R. Morrison und A. Nenes. „Inferring thermodynamic properties from CCN activation experiments: single-component and binary aerosols“. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, Nr. 19 (12.10.2007): 5263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5263-2007.

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Abstract. This study presents a new method, Köhler Theory Analysis (KTA), to infer the molar volume and solubility of organic aerosol constituents. The method is based on measurements of surface tension, chemical composition, and CCN activity coupled with Köhler theory. KTA is evaluated by inferring the molar volume of six known organics (four dicarboxylic acids, one amino acid, and one sugar) in pure form and in mixtures with ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4). The average error in inferred molar volumes are to within 18% of their expected value for organic fractions between 50 and 90%. This suggests that KTA is a potentially powerful tool for determining the CCN characteristic of ambient water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), providing physically-based constraints for aerosol-cloud interaction parameterizations.

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Day, Stephanie S., Karen B. Gran und Chris Paola. „Impacts of changing hydrology on permanent gully growth: experimental results“. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, Nr. 6 (12.06.2018): 3261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3261-2018.

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Abstract. Permanent gullies grow through head cut propagation in response to overland flow coupled with incision and widening in the channel bottom leading to hillslope failures. Altered hydrology can impact the rate at which permanent gullies grow by changing head cut propagation, channel incision, and channel widening rates. Using a set of small physical experiments, we tested how changing overland flow rates and flow volumes alter the total volume of erosion and resulting gully morphology. Permanent gullies were modeled as both detachment-limited and transport-limited systems, using two different substrates with varying cohesion. In both cases, the erosion rate varied linearly with water discharge, such that the volume of sediment eroded was a function not of flow rate, but of total water volume. This implies that efforts to reduce peak flow rates alone without addressing flow volumes entering gully systems may not reduce erosion. The documented response in these experiments is not typical when compared to larger preexisting channels where higher flow rates result in greater erosion through nonlinear relationships between water discharge and sediment discharge. Permanent gullies do not respond like preexisting channels because channel slope remains a free parameter and can adjust relatively quickly in response to changing flows.

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Messaoud, Farid, und Paul J. Cosentino. „Pencel Pressuremeter Efficiency for Data Compilation and Analysis“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 845 (Juli 2016): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.845.100.

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The model Pencel pressuremeter (PPMT), manufactured by Roctest, Inc is used to perform PPMT tests in various soils to allow engineers to more precisely carry out the consistent tests. Therefore, the control unit of the PPMT has been implemented to allow recording digital pressures and volumes. This digital information is now obtained through a standalone software package, called Automated Pressuremeter (APMT) that incorporates the required calibrations to provide engineers with instantaneous reduced data along with pertinent engineering strength and stiffness properties. The study objective is to simplify test data, reduction and analysis which lead to significant time saving. Several tests data for sands and clays were performed for accuracy and incorporated in the comparison. A linear potentiometer was connected directly to the piston to produce digital volumes, while, a digital pressure transducer was coupled into the control unit. For each injected volume increment the pressure versus time data was estimated to determine when the pressures stabilized. APMT indicated that the pressure stabilized between 10 and 80 seconds for soils evaluated. The volume increment stabilization period was defined as the time required for the pressures to stabilize. This digital equipment enhanced the precision of the pressures more than ten fold and eliminated gear backlash associated with the existing volume counter.

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Louis-Rose, Carole. „Null controllability from the exterior of fractional parabolic-elliptic coupled systems“. Electronic Journal of Differential Equations 2020, Nr. 01-132 (27.03.2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.58997/ejde.2020.26.

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We analyze the null controllability properties from the exterior of two parabolic-elliptic coupled systems governed by the fractional Laplacian \((-d_x^2)^s\), \(s\in(0,1)\), in one space dimension. In each system, the control is located on a non-empty open set of \(\mathbb{R}\setminus(0,1)\). Using the spectral theory of the fractional Laplacian and a unique continuation principle for the dual equation, we show that the problem is null controllable if and only if 1/2<s<1. For more information see https://ejde.math.txstate.edu/Volumes/2020/26/abstr.html

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Marshall, A. Harold, und Dana L. Kirkegaard. „The Academy of Music, Philadelphia—Preliminary model studies of the potential for coupled volumes“. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 93, Nr. 4 (April 1993): 2302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.406457.

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Madzvamuse, A., und A. H. Chung. „Analysis and Simulations of Coupled Bulk-surface Reaction-Diffusion Systems on Exponentially Evolving Volumes“. Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena 11, Nr. 5 (2016): 4–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/mmnp/201611502.

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Siu, Vince S., Jing Feng, Patrick W. Flanigan, G. Tayhas R. Palmore und Domenico Pacifici. „A “plasmonic cuvette”: dye chemistry coupled to plasmonic interferometry for glucose sensing“. Nanophotonics 3, Nr. 3 (01.06.2014): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0057.

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AbstractA non-invasive method for the detection of glucose is sought by millions of diabetic patients to improve personal management of blood glucose over a lifetime. In this work, the synergistic advantage of combining plasmonic interferometry with an enzyme-driven dye assay yields an optical sensor capable of detecting glucose in saliva with high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor, coined a “plasmonic cuvette,” is built around a nano-scale groove-slit-groove (GSG) plasmonic interferometer coupled to an Amplex–red/Glucose–oxidase/Glucose (AR/GOx/Glucose) assay. The proposed device is highly sensitive, with a measured intensity change of 1.7×105%/m (i.e., one order of magnitude more sensitive than without assay) and highly specific for glucose sensing in picoliter volumes, across the physiological range of glucose concentrations found in human saliva (20–240 μm). Real-time glucose monitoring in saliva is achieved by performing a detailed study of the underlying enzyme-driven reactions to determine and tune the effective rate constants in order to reduce the overall assay reaction time to ∼2 min. The results reported suggest that by opportunely choosing the appropriate dye chemistry, a plasmonic cuvette can be turned into a general, real-time sensing scheme for detection of any molecular target, with high sensitivity and selectivity, within extremely low volumes of biological fluid (down to femtoliters). Hereby, we present the results on glucose detection in artificial saliva as a notable and clinically relevant case study.

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