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1
Leclavier, Sarah. „Volumes finis et solutions renormalisées, applications à des systèmes couplés“. Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR029/document.
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On s’intéresse dans cette thèse à montrer que la solution approchée, par la méthode des volumes finis, converge vers la solution renormalisée de problèmes elliptiques ou paraboliques à donnée L1. Dans la première partie nous étudions une équation de convection-diffusion ellliptique à donnée L1. En adaptant la stratégie développée pour les solutions renormaliséesà la méthode des volumes finis, nous montrons que la solution approchée converge vers l’unique solution renormalisée.Dans la deuxième partie nous nous intéressons à un problème parabolique nonlinéaire à donnée L1. En utilisant une version discrète de résultats de compacité classiques, nous montrons que les résultats obtenues dans le cas elliptique restentvrais dans le cas parabolique. Dans la troisième partie nous montrons des résultats similaires pour une équationparabolique doublement non-linéaire à donnée L1. Le caractère doublement nonlinéaire de l’équation crée des difficultés supplémentaires par rapport à la partie précédente, notamment car la règle de dérivation en chaîne ne s’applique pas dansle cas discret. Enfin, dans la quatrième partie, nous utilisons les résultats établis précédemment pour étudier un système de type thermoviscoélasticité. Nous montrons que la solution approchée, obtenue par un schéma éléments finis-volumes finis, converge vers une solution faible-renormalisée du systèmeIn this thesis we are interested in proving that the approximate solution, obtained by the finite volume method, converges to the unique renormalized solution of elliptic and parabolic equations with L1 data. In the first part we study an elliptic convection-diffusion equation with L1 data. Mixing the strategy developed for renormalized solution and the finite volume method,we prove that the approximate solution converges to the unique renormalized solution. In the second part we investigate a nonlinear parabolic equation with L1 data. Using a discrete version of classical compactness results, we show that the results obtaines previously in the elliptic case hold true in the parabolic case. In the third part we prove similar results for a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation with L1 data. The doubly nonlinear character of the equation makes new difficulties with respect to the previous part, especially since the chain rule formula does not apply in the discrete case. Finaly, in the fourth part we use the results established previously to investigate a system of thermoviscoelasticity kind. We show that the approximate solution,obtaines by finite element-finite volume scheme, converges to a weak-renormalized solution of the system
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Simpson, Rupert Anthony. „The relative performance of scalable load balancing algorithms in loosely-coupled distributed systems. Available in 2 volumes“. Thesis, Aston University, 1994. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10672/.
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The computer systems of today are characterised by data and program control that are distributed functionally and geographically across a network. A major issue of concern in this environment is the operating system activity of resource management for different processors in the network. To ensure equity in load distribution and improved system performance, load balancing is often undertaken. The research conducted in this field so far, has been primarily concerned with a small set of algorithms operating on tightly-coupled distributed systems. More recent studies have investigated the performance of such algorithms in loosely-coupled architectures but using a small set of processors. This thesis describes a simulation model developed to study the behaviour and general performance characteristics of a range of dynamic load balancing algorithms. Further, the scalability of these algorithms are discussed and a range of regionalised load balancing algorithms developed. In particular, we examine the impact of network diameter and delay on the performance of such algorithms across a range of system workloads. The results produced seem to suggest that the performance of simple dynamic policies are scalable but lack the load stability of more complex global average algorithms.
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Neuhauser, Magdalena. „Development of a coupled SPH-ALE/Finite Volume method for the simulation of transient flows in hydraulic machines“. Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0045/document.
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L'utilisation croissante des sources d'énergie renouvelable avec une grande volatilité de production, comme l'énergie éolienne et solaire, conduit à des fluctuations dans le réseau électrique qui doivent être compensées. Pour cette raison les machines hydrauliques, turbines et pompes, sont plus souvent opérées dans les régimes de fonctionnement hors fonctionnement nominal et la fréquence des phases de démarrage et arrêt augmente. Ce type de fonctionnement peut avoir des conséquences importantes sur le cycle de vie des machines. Il est donc essentiel de prendre en compte l'écoulement dans les phases transitoires lors de la conception de la machine et la simulation numérique des écoulements est un outil adapté pour cela. La présente étude a pour objectif de développer une méthode de couplage flexible qui combine la méthode à maillage volumes finis (VF) et la méthode sans maillage Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics - Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (SPH-ALE). Cette méthode couplée peut être utilisée comme outil pour l'investigation des phénomènes transitoires dans les machines hydrauliques. SPH-ALE est particulièrement bien adapté aux simulations des écoulements fortement dynamiques avec des géométries mobiles mais elle a des difficultés pour calculer des forts gradients de pression et vitesse. Un raffinement de particules est difficile à implémenter, surtout si les particules doivent être raffinées de manière anisotrope. Les méthodes volumes finis (VF) sont établies pour les simulations numériques d'écoulements grâce à leur stabilité et précision. Par contre, elles peuvent être lourdes pour les simulations avec des géométries mobiles et demandent souvent une interface entre des parties mobiles et statiques du maillage ce qui génère des erreurs supplémentaires. Pour combiner les deux approches complémentaires, une méthode de couplage a été développée qui décompose le domaine de calcul en zones où la vitesse et la pression sont calculées par la méthode VF, en zones où elles sont obtenues par SPH-ALE et en zones de recouvrement où les informations sont transférées de la zone VF à la zone SPH et inversement. Dans les zones de recouvrement les points de calcul VF sont utilisés comme voisins pour l'intégration en espace des particules SPH. Aux limites du maillage VF la vitesse et la pression sont interpolées des particules SPH, similairement aux méthodes Chimére des maillages recouvrants. Un logiciel SPH-ALE existant du groupe ANDRITZ est utilisé pour cette étude. Un solveur VF faiblement compressible est implémenté dans ce logiciel. Le solveur discrétise la même forme des équations de Navier-Stokes que le solveur SPH-ALE. Des solveurs de Riemann avec des états reconstruits par la méthode MUSCL sont employés. En outre, le solveur SPH-ALE est amélioré et adapté aux écoulements internes. Pour cette raison des conditions à l'entrée et à la sortie du type subsonique sont implémentées. Du plus, une méthode de correction du gradient de la fonction kernel est présentée qui améliore la précision du champ de pression, notamment si les particules ne sont pas distribuées régulièrement. La méthode couplée est validée à l'aide des cas test académiques en unidimensionnel et en bidimensionnel, comme le cas de tube à choc, les tourbillons de Taylor-Green et l'écoulement autour d'une aube symétrique du type NACA avec des particules en description eulérienne. En outre, le couplage offre la possibilité d'imposer des conditions à la sortie aux particules lagrangiennes. La méthode est appliquée aux simulations d'écoulement transitoire en 2D avec des particules qui se déplacent en suivant les géométries mobilesThe increased use of intermittent forms of renewable energy like wind and solar energy produces fluctuations in the electric grid that have to be compensated. For this reason, hydraulic machines like turbines and pumps are more often operated under non-conventional operating conditions and are submitted to frequent starts and stops. This type of operating conditions has important consequences on the life cycle of the machines. It is thus of paramount importance that transient flows at off-design conditions are properly taken into account in the design phase and numerical simulation is an appropriate way to do so. The present study aims at developing a flexible coupling method of the meshbased Finite Volume Method (FVM) and the meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics - Arbitrary Lagrange Euler (SPH-ALE) method, which can be used as a tool for the investigation of transient phenomena in hydraulic machines. SPH-ALE is very well adapted for the simulation of highly dynamic flows with moving geometries but has difficulties to correctly represent rapidly changing gradients of the field variables. Particle refinement is difficult to implement, especially if particles are refined in an anisotropic way. FV methods are well established in CFD because of their accuracy and stability. However, they can be tedious for simulations with moving geometries and often necessitate an interface between moving and static parts of the mesh which introduces additional errors. To overcome the shortcomings of both methods, a coupling method is developed that uses a decomposition of the computational domain into regions where the physical field variables are computed by the FV method, regions where they are computed by SPH-ALE and overlapping regions where the information is transferred from the FV domain to the SPH domain and vice versa. In the overlapping regions FV calculation points are used as neighbors for the SPH integration in space. At the boundaries of the FV mesh, velocity and pressure are interpolated from the SPH particles by means of scattered data interpolation techniques, similarly to Chimera methods for overlapping grids. For this study, an existing SPH-ALE software of the ANDRITZ Group is used. A weakly compressible FV solver is implemented into this software that discretizes the same form of the Navier-Stokes equations than the SPH-ALE solver. Similar to the present SPH-ALE method, Riemann solvers with reconstructed states, obtained by a MUSCL scheme, are employed. Moreover, adaptations and improvements of the SPH-ALE solver itself are made, which are important for the coupling and for the simulation of internal flows in general. Thus, subsonic inlet and outlet conditions are implemented. Furthermore, a correction method of the kernel gradient is presented that ensures zeroth order consistency of the SPH-ALE approximation of the divergence of the convective fluxes. The correction improves greatly the SPH pressure field on non-uniform particle distributions. The implemented coupled method is successfully validated by means of inviscid academic one-dimensional and two-dimensional testcases like a shock tube case, Taylor-Green vortices and the flow around a symmetric NACA airfoil with particles in Eulerian description. Furthermore, the coupling provides a possibility to implement outlet boundary conditions to Lagrangian moving SPH particles. It is then applied to the simulation of transient flows in rotor stator systems in 2D with moving particles
4
Pietilä, Lars-Olof. „Molecular mechanics and force field studies of weakly coupled conjugated molecules and molecular crystals“. Hki : Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters : Academic Bookstore [distr.], 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57854229.html.
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Scudeler, Carlotta. „Numerical modeling of flow and solute transport phenomena in subsurface and coupled surface-subsurface hydrology“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421912.
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The overall aim of the work described in this thesis is to bring a number of contributions to hydrology and hydrological modeling in the framework of a specific physically-based numerical model for integrated surface subsurface and flow-transport processes, the CATchment-HYdrology Flow-Transport (CATHY_FT) model. These contributions revolve around three main themes: the enhancement of the numerical performance of hydrological models for flow and transport phenomena, the improvement of our current understanding of complex boundary conditions in order to reduce the errors associated with their modeling, and the testing and benchmarking of distributed physically-based models for groundwater flow and transport processes. The work to achieve the general objective is elaborated into four stages. First, the Larson-Niklasson post-processing algorithm is implemented in CATHY_FT to reconstruct mass-conservative velocities from a linear, or P1, Galerkin solution of Richards' equation. This is done to improve the accuracy and mass balance properties of the companion advective transport model (finite volume-based), which rely on accurate velocity fields as input. Through a comparison between the results from the reconstructed velocities and the P1 Galerkin velocities, it is shown that a locally mass-conservative velocity field is necessary to obtain accurate transport results. Second, a detailed and novel analysis of the behavior of seepage face boundaries is performed with the flow model of CATHY_FT. The numerical simulations examine the model's performance under complex conditions such as heterogeneity and coupled surface/subsurface flow. It is shown that the overall numerical solution can be greatly affected by the way seepage face boundaries are handled in hydrological models and that careful considerations are required when using simple approximations, in the presence of heterogeneous slopes, and for seepage faces forming on a portion of the land surface. Third, CATHY_FT is implemented and run at the Landscape Evolution Observatory of the Biosphere 2 facility, Arizona. A detailed modeling analysis is performed of the experimental data collected during an isotope tracer experiment and from an intensively-measured hillslope, including quantity and quality of groundwater discharge and point-scale flow and transport data. This flow and tracer data is used to incrementally explore complex phenomena and associated hypotheses (e.g., heterogeneity, fractionation, and dispersion), progressing from flow to transport and from integrated to point-scale response analysis. This incremental approach highlights the challenges in testing and validating the new generation of integrated hydrological models when considering many types and levels of observation data. Finally, a concluding analysis is performed that relates to all three themes of the thesis, describing some of the features of the CATHY_FT model, discussing key issues associated to its further development, and testing its physical and numerical behavior for both real and synthetic scenarios. This final stage of the thesis addresses the myriad challenges faced in accurately and efficiently resolving the difficult behavior of the advection-dispersion equation for subsurface solute transport, in properly handling the complex boundary conditions for solute interactions across the land surface, and generally in capturing process interactions and feedbacks between flow and transport phenomena in surface and subsurface environments.Lo scopo di questa tesi e' fornire dei contributi all'idrologia e alla modellazione idrologica nell'ambito di un modello numerico specifico, il modello CATchment HYdrology Flow-Transport (CATHY_FT), utilizzato per simulare processi integrati di superficie e sotterranei e di flusso e trasporto. Questi contributi riguardano tre temi principali: il miglioramento del comportamento numerico di modelli idrologici che simulano fenomeni di flusso e trasporto, l'approfondimento di condizioni al contorno complesse con l'obbiettivo di ridurre gli errori relativi alla loro modellazione e il test e l'analisi comparativa di modelli a base fisica utilizzati per simulare processi di flusso e trasporto sotterranei. Il lavoro per raggiungere l'obbiettivo generale viene diviso in quattro step. Nel primo step l'algoritmo di Larson-Niklasson e' implementato in CATHY_FT per ricostruire velocita' conservatrici della massa a partire da una soluzione lineare (o P1) di Galerkin dell'equazione di Richards, in modo da permettere al modello di trasporto avvettivo (basato sui volumi finiti) di conservare la massa, cosa che dipende strettamente dall'accuratezza del campo di velocita' che questo utilizza. Confrontando i risultati ottenuti con le velocita' derivanti dalla soluzione P1 di Galerkin e quelle ricostruite, viene mostrato che un campo di velocita' localmente conservativo e' necessario per ottenere risultati accurati con il trasporto. Nella seconda fase viene effettuata un'analisi dettagliata del comportamento delle condizioni ai limiti nella zona del fronte di infiltrazione con il modello di flusso di CATHY_FT. Le simulazioni numeriche esaminano il comportamento del modello in condizioni complesse come quelle di eterogeneita' e di flusso di superficie e sotterraneo accoppiato. Viene dimostrato che la soluzione numerica puo' essere fortemente influenzata dal modo in cui la zona di infiltrazione viene trattata nei modelli idrologici e che considerazioni accurate sono sempre necessarie quando si usano approssimazioni, in presenza di versanti eterogenei e per le zone di infiltrazione che si formano nella superficie terrestre. Come terzo step, CATHY_FT viene testato al Landscape Evolution Observatory del Biosphere 2 in Arizona. Viene eseguita un'analisi dettagliata di dati sperimentati raccolti durante un esperimento di tracciante isotopico e da un versante artificiale intensivamente controllato. Le informazioni comprendono la qualita' e la quantita' della portata sotterranea e dati puntuali di flusso e trasporto. Questi dati di flusso e tracciante sono utilizati per esplorare fenomeni complessi e le ipotesi associate (e.g., eterogeneita', frazionamento e dispersione), procedendo dalla risposta di flusso a quella di trasporto e dalla risposta integrata a quella puntuale. Questo approccio incrementale evidenzia le sfide legate alla validazione della nuova generazione di modelli idrologici integrati quando si guarda a diversi tipi e livelli di dati osservati. Infine, viene eseguita un'analisi conclusiva che si lega a tutti e tre i temi della tesi, descrivendo alcune caratteristiche del modello CATHY_FT, discutendo problemi chiave legati al suo sviluppo futuro e testando il suo compertamento fisico e numerico sia per scenari sintetici che reali. Questo step finale della tesi affronta la miriade di sfide legate alla risoluzione accurata ed efficace del comportamento difficile dell'equazione di avezione-dispersione per processi di trasporto di soluto sotterraneo, alla risoluzione appropriata delle condizioni ai limiti complesse per rappresentare le interazioni di soluto attraverso la superficie terrestre e, in generale, alla rappresentazione delle interazioni tra i fenomeni di flusso e trasporto nell'ambiente superficiale e sotterraneo.
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Lopes, Gabriela Cantarelli. „Desenvolvimento de modelo numerico tridimensional e eliptico para o estudo de escoamentos no interior de dutos cilindricos“. [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266262.
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Orientador: Jose Roberto NunhezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Processos que envolvem escoamentos de fluidos no interior de dutos estão presentes em muitas aplicações industriais. Na indústria petroquímica um desses processos que vem se tornando cada vez mais importante é o craqueamento catalítico de frações pesadas do petróleo, já que as converte em frações leves e mais nobres. Por causa da crescente demanda mundial por gasolina e GLP e à sua alta rentabilidade para uma refinaria de petróleo, unidades de craqueamento catalítico em leito fluidizado (FCC) estão presentes em todo o mundo. Testes experimentais costumam ser usados no estudo dos fenômenos envolvidos nesse processo. Porém esse tipo de análise possui alto custo, que pode ser reduzido com o uso de simulações computacionais em seu estudo inicial. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um modelo tridimensional e elíptico, em linguagem Fortran, capaz de fornecer dados para a análise preliminar de escoamentos no interior de reatores de FCC. Na modelagem desses problemas são usadas equações diferenciais parciais, e essas não possuem solução analítica conhecida, sendo necessário o emprego de métodos numéricos para esse fim. Neste trabalho foi usado o Método dos Volumes Finitos, que tem a função de substituir as equações diferenciais parciais por equações algébricas aplicadas a pequenos volumes de controle finitos pertencentes ao domínio. Uma das maiores dificuldades encontradas no tratamento numérico de escoamentos incompressíveis é a determinação de um campo de pressão que satisfaça a Equação da Continuidade. Esse problema foi resolvido fazendo-se uso da abordagem acoplp.da de solução. Para análise do modelo foram obtidos perfis numéricos de velocidade e pressão para fluidos escoando em regimes laminar e turbulento, que foram validados usando-se os dados obtidos com a solução analítica das equações, por correlações (semi-) empíricas ou por dados experimentais, conforme cada um dos casos. Notou-se que o modelo representa muito bem casos laminares, e gue 11.oS casos turbulentos foi necessário um maior refino da malha próximo a parede do tubo. Também foram feitas simulações para que se pudessem observar as características tridimensionais, elípticas e transientes da modelagem do escoamento. De maneira geral o modelo se mostrou bastante rápido, convergindo em poucas iterações. Palavras-Chave: Fluidodinâmica computacional; dutos cilíndricos; modelo tridimensional e elíptico; método dos Volumes Finitos; solução acoplada; turbulência
Abstract: Processes involving fluid flow in tubes are present in many industrial applications. In petrochemical industry one of these processes that are becoming more and more important is the fluid catalytic cracking of heavy petroleum fractions. This fact is due to the process capacity to convert heavy fractions in light and valuable ones. Because of the increasingly worldwide demand for gasoline and LPG and its high yield for a petroleum refinery, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units are present in the whole world. Experimental tests are used in the study of the phenomena involved in this processo However this kind of analysis has high cost which can be reduced by using computational simulations in its initial study. Thus, the aim of this work was the development of a three-dimensional and elliptical mo dei in Fortran language in order to provide data for fluid flow preliminary analysis in FCC reactors. Partial differential equations were used in the modeling of these problems. These equations do not have known analytical solution, being necessary therefore the use of numerical methods. In this work the Finite Volume Method were applied with this purpose. This method has as a role to substitute the partial differential equations of the mo dei for algebric equations applied to small finite control volumes of the domain. One of the biggest difficulties found in the numerical treatment of incompressible fluid flows is the determination of apressure field that satisfies the Continuity Equation. This problem was solved using the coupled solution approach. For model analysis, numerical velocity and pressure proJ:iles for laminar and turbulent flows were obtained, that had been validated using the data obtained through the analytical solution of the equations, by empirical correlations or by experimental data, according to each one of the cases. The model represented well laminar cases, and in the turbulent ones the mesh had to be more refined near the tube wall. Other simulations were performed, in aQalyzing the three-dimensional, elliptical and transient model characteristics. In general, the mo dei was very fast, converging in a few interations. Keywords: Computational fluid dyn~mic; cylindrical ducts; three-dimensional and elliptical model; Finite Volume Method; coupled solution; turbulence
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Schultz, Stephen M. „High efficiency volume grating coupler“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16899.
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Zhu, Yan. „Rational design of plastic packaging for alcoholic beverages“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA020.
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La perception des emballages alimentaires est passée d’utile à source majeure de contaminants dans les aliments et menace pour l’environnement. La substitution du verre par des con-tenants en plastiques recyclés ou biosourcés réduit l’impact environnemental des boissons embouteillées. La thèse a développé de nouveaux outils de simulation 3D et d’optimisation pour accélérer le prototypage des emballages éco-efficaces pour les boissons alcoolisées. La durée de conservation des boissons, la sécurité sanitaire des matériaux plastiques recyclés, les contraintes mécaniques, et la quantité de déchets sont considérées comme un seul problème d'optimisation multicritères. Les nouvelles bouteilles sont générées virtuellement et itérativement en trois étapes comprenant : i) une [E]valuation multiéchelle des transferts de masse couplés ; ii) une étape de [D]écision validant les contraintes techniques (forme, capacité, poids) et réglementaires (durée de conservation, migrations); iii) une étape globale de ré[S]olution recherchant des solutions de Pareto acceptables. La capacité de prédire la durée de vie des liqueurs dans des conditions réelles a été testée avec succès sur environ 500 miniatures en PET (polyéthylène téréphtalate) sur plusieurs mois. L’ensemble de l’approche a été conçu pour gérer tout transfert de matière couplé (perméation, sorption, migration). La sorption mutuelle est prise en compte via une formulation polynaire de Flory-Huggins. Une formulation gros grain de la théorie des volumes libres de Vrentas et Duda a été développée pour prédire les propriétés de diffusion dans les polymères vitreux de l’eau et des solutés organiques dans des polymères arbitraires (polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyles, polyoléfines). 409 diffusivités issues de la littérature ou mesurées ont été utilisée pour validation. La contribution de la relaxation du PET vitreux a été analysée par sorption différentielle (binaire et ternaire) de 25 à 50 °C. Une partie du code source sera partagé afin d'encourager l'intégration de davantage de paramètres affectant la durée de conservation des boissons et des produits alimentaires (cinétique d'oxydation, piégeage d'arômes)The view of plastic food packaging turned from useful to a major source of contaminants in food and an environmental threat. Substituting glass by recycled or biosourced plastic containers reduces environmental impacts for bottled beverages. The thesis developed a 3D computational and optimization framework to accelerate the prototyping of eco-efficient packaging for alcoholic beverages. Shelf-life, food safety, mechanical constraints, and packaging wastes are considered into a single multicriteria optimization problem. New bottles are virtually generated within an iterative three steps process involving: i) a multiresolution [E]valuation of coupled mass transfer; ii) a [D]ecision step validating technical (shape, capacity, weight) and regulatory (shelf-life, migrations) constraints; iii) a global [Solving] step seeking acceptable Pareto solutions. The capacity to predict shelf-life of liquors in real conditions was tested successfully on ca. 500 hundred bottle min iatures in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) over several months. The entire approach has been designed to manage any coupled mass transfer (permeation, sorption, migration). Mutual sorption is considered via polynary Flory-Huggins formulation. A blob formulation of the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duda was developed to predict the diffusion properties in glassy polymers of water and organic solutes in arbitrary polymers (polyesters, polyamides, polyvinyls, polyolefins). The validation set included 433 experimental diffusivities from literature and measured in this work. The contribution of polymer relaxation in glassy PET was analyzed in binary and ternary differential sorption using a cosorption microbalance from 25 to 50°C. Part of the framework will be released as an open-source project to encourage the integration of more factors affecting the shelf-life of beverages and food products (oxidation kinetics, aroma scalping)
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Taurines, Kevin. „Modelling and experimental analysis of a geothermal ventilated foundation“. Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI100/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse thermique et énergétique d’une fondation géothermique ventilée. A l’instar des échangeurs air-sol classiques (EAHE), celle-ci permet de rafraichir ou préchauffer selon la saison l’air destiné au renouvellement sanitaire des bâtiments. Face aux contraintes de rationalisation des consommations et aux exigences de confort thermique croissantes, ces systèmes passifs apparaissent comme étant prometteurs. Le principe de cette fondation est simple et similaire à celui des EAHE : faire circuler de l’air dans une conduite enterrée dans le sol (un à trois mètres) pour qu’il bénéficie - via convection - de l’inertie thermique du sol. La différence réside dans le fait que le canal dans lequel circule l’air n’est pas un tube en PVC ou aluminium mais fait partie intégrante de la structure du bâtiment, à savoir la fondation en béton armé. Ceci présente comme avantage majeur le gain de place lié à l’espace requis pour l’enfouissement des tuyaux. D’un point de vue thermique, la fondation échange non seulement de la chaleur avec le sol exposé aux sollicitations météorologiques mais aussi, et simultanément, aux sollicitations venant du bâtiment. De plus, la profondeur de la fondation – imposée par des raisons structurelles et économiques – est moindre que pour un EAHE traditionnel. Additionné au fait que le béton est poreux, la présence d’humidité peut fortement influencer la performance thermique de la fondation. Le présent travail propose donc d’étudier le comportement thermique complexe de cette fondation par deux approches. La première est expérimentale : un EHPAD équipé de deux fondations a été lourdement instrumenté et des données ont été accumulées sur plus d’un an. L’autre est numérique : deux modèles validés par comparaison avec les données expérimentales ont été développés. Le premier a vocation d’outil de dimensionnement, l’autre de compréhension fine des phénomènes physiques et prends en compte les transferts couplés de chaleur et de masseThis thesis deals with the thermal and energy analysis of a geothermal ventilated fonudation. Similarly to earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHE) this foundation enables, according to the season, to preheat or to cool down the air for the hygienic air change. Considering the energy consumption constraints and the buildings users thermal comfort desire, these systems appears to be relevant. The principle of this foundation is simple: to force the air to circulate in a hollowed beam buried into the ground (1 to 3m depth) so that it takes advantage - via convection - to the thermal inertia of the ground. The difference lays on the fact that the channel is not a plastic or aluminium pipe but it a part of the building structure, namely the reinforced concrete foundation. This induces a significant space gain, usually devoted to the pipe burying. From a thermal point of view, the foundation exchanges heat with both the soil beneath the building, and with the soil exposed to the weather thermal loads. Furthermore, the depth - imposed by structural and economical purposees - is lower than that of traditional EAHE. In addition to the fact that concrete is a porous material, the humidity content may strongly influence the thermal performance of the foundation. The current work thus proposes to study the complex thermal behaviour of this foundation in two ways. The first is experimental: an retirement home equipped with two foundation has been intensively instrumented and data recorded over more than one year. The other is numerical: two models validated against the experimental data have been developed. The first is intended to be a designing tool, the second a tool to allow a fine comprehension of the physical phenomenon and take into account coupled heat and moisture transfers
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Mule, Anthony Victor. „Volume grating coupler-based optical interconnect technologies for polylithic gigascale integrat“. Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9447.
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Mule, Anthony Victor. „Volume grating coupler-based optical interconnect technologies for polylithic gigascale integration“. Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131259/unrestricted/mule%5Fanthony%5Fv%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Forestier-Coste, Louis. „Croissance et coalescence de bulles dans les magmas : analyse mathématique et simulation numérique“. Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736634.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude mathématiques et numérique d'un problème physique issu de la volcanologie. On s'intéresse à la modélisation polydisperse de croissance de bulles par exsolution, décompression et coalescence. Un modèle de croissance polydisperse a été proposé dans la litérature, mais ne prenait en compte que le volume des bulles, ce qui restreint le domaine d'application car la croissance par exsolution dépend également de la masse d'eau présente dans la bulle. Pour améliorer ce modèle, nous sommes parti d'une description monodisperse adimensionnelle de la croissance d'une bulle par décompression et exsolution, donnée par le couplage de deux EDO et une EDP. Un code numérique est proposé pour résoudre le problème monodisperse et est actuellement utilisé. Après avoir validé numériquement ce code et considéré plusieurs cas limites, nous avons étudié les solutions du problème et défini une approximation du flux qui nous permet de découpler le système d'équations. Ensuite, nous avons étendu le modèle polydisperse de une à deux dimensions. Une résolution de la coalescence est proposée et couplée avec le modèle de croissance polydisperse. La résolution de la coalescence est confrontée à d'autres schémas numériques en une et deux dimensions afin de valider le schéma numérique proposé. Les premiers test numériques appliqués au problème physique donnent de bon résultats.
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González, Acedo Ignacio. „Development of a finite volume method for elastic materials and fluid-solid coupled applications“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666790.
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This thesis presents the development of a parallel finite volume numerical method to analyse thermoelastic and hyperelastic materials and applied problems with mutual interaction between a fluid and a structure.
The solid problem follows a cell-centred finite volume formulation for three-dimensional unstructured grids under the same framework that is frequently devoted to computational fluid dynamics. Second-order accurate schemes are used to discretise both in time and space. A direct implicit time integration promotes numerical stability when facing vibration and quasi-static scenarios. The geometrical non-linearities, encountered with the large displacements of both Saint Venant-Kirchhoff and neo-Hookean models, are tackled by means of an updated Lagrangian approach.
Verification of the method is conducted with canonical cases which involve: static equilibrium, thermal stress, vibration, structural damping, large deformations, nearly incompressible materials and high memory usage. Significant savings in computation time are achieved owing to the acceleration strategies implemented within the system resolution, namely a segregated algorithm with Aitken relaxation and a block-coupled system arrangement. The similarities between the block-coupled method and the displacement-based finite element method, with regards to the matrix form of the resulting equations, allow for including Rayleigh viscous damping within a finite volume solver.
The program for structures is to be coupled with the in-house fluid numerical models in order to produce a unified fluid-structure interaction platform, where an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach is used to solve the flow in a conforming grid. As a first step, the method for incompressible Newtonian fluids is adapted to deal with structure-coupled problems. To do so, the Lagrangian-Eulerian version of the Navier-Stokes equations is presented, and automatic moving mesh techniques are developed. These techniques are designed to mitigate the mesh quality deterioration and to satisfy the space conservation law. Besides, a semi-implicit coupling algorithm, which only implicitly couples the fluid pressure term to the structure, is implemented. As a result, numerical stability for strongly coupled phenomena at a reduced computational cost is obtained. These new tools are tested on an applied case, consisting of the turbulent flow through self-actuated flexible valves.
Finally, a pioneering coupled numerical model for the thermal and structural analysis of packed-bed thermocline storage tanks is developed. This thermal accumulation system for concentrated solar power plants has attracted the attention of the industry due to the economic advantage compared to the usual two-tank system. Dynamic coupling among the thermoelastic equations for the tank shell and the numerical models for all other relevant elements of the system is considered. After validating the model with experimental results, the commercial viability of the thermocline concept, regarding energetic effectiveness and structural reliability, is evaluated under real operating conditions of the power plants.Esta tesis presenta el desarrollo de un método numérico paralelo basado en volúmenes finitos para analizar materiales termoelásticos e hiperelásticos y problemas con una interacción mutua entre un fluido y una estructura. El problema del sólido sigue una formulación de volúmenes finitos centrada en las celdas para mallas no-estructuradas tridimensionales, bajo el mismo marco que se suele emplear en la dinámica de fluidos computacional. Se utilizan esquemas de segundo orden de precisión para discretizar el tiempo y el espacio. Una integración temporal directa implícita asegura estabilidad numérica al afrontar escenarios casi-estáticos o de vibración. Las no linealidades, que aparecen con los amplios desplazamientos de los modelos de Saint Venant-Kirchhoff y de neo-Hookean, son abordadas con un enfoque Lagrangiano actualizado. La verificación del método se realiza a través de casos canónicos que involucran: equilibrio estático, tensiones térmicas, vibración, amortiguación estructural, grandes deformaciones, materiales casi incompresibles y altos requerimientos de memoria. Se registra un ahorro significativo en el tiempo de cálculo gracias a las estrategias de aceleración implementadas dentro de la resolución del sistema, principalmente un algoritmo segregado con relajación Aitken y una disposición acoplada en bloques del sistema. Las similitudes entre este método acoplado en bloques y el método de los elementos finitos basados en el desplazamiento, con respecto a la forma matricial de las ecuaciones resultantes, permiten incluir la amortiguación viscosa tipo Rayleigh dentro de un solucionador de volúmenes finitos. El programa para estructuras se acoplará con los modelos numéricos internos para fluidos con el objetivo de generar una plataforma unificada de interacción fluido-estructura, donde se usa un enfoque arbitrario Lagrangiano-Euleriano sobre una malla conforme para resolver el fluido. Como primer paso, el método para flujos incompresibles Newtonianos se adapta para lidiar con problemas acoplados a una estructura. Para ello, se presenta la versión Lagrangiana-Euleriana de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes y se desarrollan técnicas automáticas de movimiento de malla. El diseño de estas técnicas se centra en mitigar el deterioro de la calidad de la malla y satisfacer la ley de conservación del espacio. Además, se implementa un algoritmo de acoplamiento semi-implícito, que sólo acopla implícitamente el término fluido de presión a la estructura. Como resultado, se obtiene estabilidad numérica para fenómenos fuertemente acoplados a un coste computacional reducido. Estas nuevas herramientas se prueban en un caso aplicado, que consiste el flujo turbulento a través de válvulas flexibles autoactivadas. Finalmente, se desarrolla un modelo numérico acoplado pionero para analizar estructuralmente y térmicamente los tanques termoclina de almacenamiento térmico. Este sistema de acumulación para centrales termosolares ha atraído la atención de la industria debido al ahorro económico comparado con el sistema de doble tanque habitual. Se tiene en cuenta el acoplamiento dinámico entre las ecuaciones gobernantes de la pared del tanque y las de todos los elementos relevantes del sistema. Tras validar el modelo con datos experimentales, se evalúa la viabilidad comercial de estos tanques, en cuanto a rendimiento energético y fiabilidad estructural, bajo condiciones reales de operación de las centrales.
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Wu, Shun-Der. „Polymer-based volume holographic grating couplers for optical interconnects“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131420/unrestricted/wu%5Fshun-der%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Suliman, Ridhwaan. „Development of parallel strongly coupled hybrid fluid-structure interaction technology involving thin geometrically non-linear structures“. Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24288.
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This work details the development of a computational tool that can accurately model strongly-coupled fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) problems, with a particular focus on thin-walled structures undergoing large, geometrically non-linear deformations, which has a major interest in, amongst others, the aerospace and biomedical industries. The first part of this work investigates improving the efficiency with which a stable and robust in-house code, Elemental, models thin structures undergoing dynamic fluid-induced bending deformations. Variations of the existing finite volume formulation as well as linear and higher-order finite element formulations are implemented. The governing equations for the solid domain are formulated in a total Lagrangian or undeformed conguration and large geometrically non-linear deformations are accounted for. The set of equations is solved via a single-step Jacobi iterative scheme which is implemented such as to ensure a matrix-free and robust solution. Second-order accurate temporal discretisation is achieved via dual-timestepping, with both consistent and lumped mass matrices and with a Jacobi pseudo-time iteration method employed for solution purposes. The matrix-free approach makes the scheme particularly well-suited for distributed memory parallel hardware architectures. Three key outcomes, not well documented in literature, are highlighted: the issue of shear locking or sensitivity to element aspect ratio, which is a common problem with the linear Q4 finite element formulation when subjected to bending, is evaluated on the finite volume formulations; a rigorous comparison of finite element vs. finite volume methods on geometrically non-linear structures is done; a higher-order finite volume solid mechanics procedure is developed and evaluated. The second part of this work is concerned with fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modelling. It considers the implementation and coupling of a higher order finite element structural solver with the existing finite volume fluid-flow solver in Elemental. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first instance in which a strongly-coupled hybrid finite element–finite volume FSI formulation is developed. The coupling between the fluid and structural components with non-matching nodes is rigorously assessed. A new partitioned fluid-solid interface coupling methodology is also developed, which ensures stable partitioned solution for strongly-coupled problems without any additional computational overhead. The solver is parallelised for distributed memory parallel hardware architectures. The developed technology is successfully validated through rigorous temporal and mesh independent studies of representative two-dimensional strongly-coupled large-displacement FSI test problems for which analytical or benchmark solutions exist.Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
unrestricted
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Soukup, Darin J. „A coupled local mode approach to laterally heterogeneous anisotropic media, volume scattering, and T-wave excitation /“. Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6847.
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Villalaz, Ricardo A. „Volume Grating Couplers for Optical Interconnects: Analysis, Design, Fabrication, and Testing“. Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2004. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102004-165012/unrestricted/villalaz%5Fricardo%5Fa%5F200407%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. Directed by Thomas Gaylord.Glytsis, Elias, Committee Co-Chair ; Buck, John, Committee Member ; Kohl, Paul, Committee Member ; Adibi, Ali, Committee Member ; Gaylord, Thomas, Committee Chair. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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O'Reilly, Ossian. „Coupled High-Order Finite Difference and Unstructured Finite Volume Methods for Earthquake Rupture Dynamics in Complex Geometries“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-155471.
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The linear elastodynamic two-dimensional anti-plane stress problem, where deformations occur in only one direction is considered for one sided non-planar faults. Fault dynamics are modeled using purely velocity dependent friction laws, and applied on boundaries with complex geometry. Summation-by-parts operators and energy estimates are used to couple a high-order finite difference method with an unstructured finite volume method. The unstructured finite volume method is used near the fault and the high-order finite difference method further away from the fault where no complex geometry is present. Boundary conditions are imposed weakly on characteristic form using the simultaneous approximation term technique, allowing explicit time integration to be used. Numerical computations are performed to verify the accuracy and time stability, of the method.
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Maza, William Antonio. „Reaction Enthalpy and Volume Profiles for Excited State Reactions Involving Electron Transfer and Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer“. Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4539.
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Electron transfer, ET, and proton-coupled electron transfer, PCET, reactions are central to biological reactions involving catalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. The movement of electrons and protons in either a sequential or concerted manner are coupled in a series of elementary reaction steps in respiration and photosynthesis to harvest and convert energy consumed in foodstuffs or by absorption of light into high energy chemi-cal bonds in the form of ATP. These electron transfer processes may be modulated by conformational dynamics within the protein matrix or at the protein-protein interface, the energetics of which are still not well understood. Photoacoustic calorimetry is an estab-lished method of obtaining time-resolved reaction enthalpy and volume changes on the nanosecond to microsecond timescale. Photoacoustic calorimetry is used here to probe 1) the energetics and volume changes for ET between the self-assembled anionic uroporphy-rin:cytochrome c complex and the role of the observed volume changes in modulating ET within the complex, 2) the enthalpy and volume change for the excited state PCET reac-tion of a tyramine functionalized ruthenium(II) bis-(2,2'-bipyridine)(4-carboxy-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyrine) meant to be a model for the tyrosine PCET chemistry carried out by cyto-chrome c oxidase and photosystem II, 3) the enthalpy and volume changes related to car-bon monoxide and tryptophan migration in heme tryptophan catabolic enzyme indoleam-ine 2,3-dioxygenase.
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Wilson, Austin T. „Measurement of Nanoparticle Size Distributions and Number of Nanoparticles Per Volume by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry“. The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471823411.
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Nasser, El Dine Houssein. „Étude mathématique et numérique pour le modèle Darcy-Brinkman pour les écoulements diphasiques en milieu poreux“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0022.
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Le système modélisant un écoulement de deux phases incompressibles dans un gisement pétrolier à large porosité est régi par la loi de Darcy-Brinkman. La vitesse de filtration de Darcy conduit à une équation elliptique en pression et une équation parabolique dégénérée en saturation. Ce système est très largement utilisé en milieu poreux. Dans cette thèse, on s’intéresse à la modification de Brinkman qui consiste à modifier la loi de Darcy en ajoutant un terme de dissipation en vitesse. Ce système conduit à une équation elliptique en pression et une équation parabolique non standard en saturation, régularisante en temps. On s’intéresse dans un premier temps à l’étude mathématique du système Darcy-Brinkman et à la régularité des solutions. Afin de simuler numériquement les solutions de ce problème, on propose une première étude de convergence d’un schéma aux volumes finis sur un maillage admissible et pour un milieu poreux homogène. Ensuite, une méthode combinée de type volumes finis-éléments finis non conformes est proposée pour tenir compte de l’anisotropie du milieu. Le but du deuxième volet de cette thèse est de tenir compte de la compressibilité des fluides. On propose de décrire le modèle de Darcy-Brinkman dans le cas monophasique compressible. On montre que ce modèle est bien posé en dimension un d’espace et sur l’espace entier. Ensuite, sous l’hypothèse de Bear, on montre également que le modèle est bien posé en dimension d ≥ 2The system modeling a two incompressible phase flow with high porosity in an oil-field is governed by the law of Darcy-Brinkman. The velocity of filtration of Darcy leads to an elliptic equation in pressure and a degenerate parabolic equation in saturation. This system is widely used in porous media. In this thesis, we are interested in the modification of Brinkman which consists in modifying Darcy’s law by adding a viscosity disspative term. This system leads to an elliptic equation in pressure and unstandard parabolic equation in saturation regularized in time. First, we are interested in the mathematical study of the Darcy-Brinkman’s system and in the regularity of the solutions. To simulate numerically the solutions of this problem, we study the convergence of a finite-volume scheme on an admissible mesh for a homogeneous porous media. Then, we propose a combined method of finite volume - nonconforming finite element type to deal with the anisotropic of the media. In the second part of this thesis we deal with the compressibility of the fluids. We suggest a model of Darcy- Brinkman to describe the compressible monophasic case. We show that this model is well posed in dimension one in the whole space. Then, under the hypothesis of Bear, we also show that this model is well posed in dimension d ≥ 2
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Torlak, Muris. „A finite volume method for coupled numerical analysis of incompressible fluid flow and linear deformation of elastic structures /“. Hamburg : Techn. Univ., Arbeitsbereiche Schiffbau, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/527629162.PDF.
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Schenke, Maik [Verfasser], und Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehlers. „Parallel simulation of volume-coupled multi-field problems with special application to soil dynamics / Maik Schenke ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Ehlers“. Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149513853/34.
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Ozcan, Mehmet Cihat. „Thermo-mechanically Coupled Numerical And Experimental Study On 7075 Aluminum Forging Process And Dies“. Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610000/index.pdf.
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Combination of high strength with light weight which is the prominent property of aluminum alloy forgings has led aluminum forgings used in rapidly expanding range of applications.
In this study, to produce a particular 7075 aluminum alloy part, the forging process has been designed and analyzed. The forging process sequence has been designed by using Finite Volume Method. Then, the designed process has been analyzed by using Finite Element Method and the stress, strain and temperature distributions within the dies have been determined. Five different initial temperatures of the billet438, 400, 350, 300 and 250 degree Celsius have been considered in the thermo-mechanically coupled simulations. The initial temperatures of the dies have been taken as 200 degree Celsius for all these analyses. Finite volume analysis and finite element analysis results of the preform and finish part have been compared for the initial billet temperature of 400 oC. Close results have been observed by these analyses. The experimental study has been carried out for the range of the initial billet temperatures of 251&
#8211
442 degree Celsius in METU-BILTIR Center Forging Research and Application Laboratory. It has been observed that the numerical and the experimental results are in good agreement and a successful forging process design has been achieved. For the initial die temperature of 200 degree Celsius, to avoid the plastic deformation of the dies and the incipient melting of the workpiece, 350 degree Celsius is determined to be the appropriate initial billet temperature for the forging of the particular part.
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Mullenix, Nathan Joel. „Fully Coupled Model for High-Temperature Ablation and a Reative-Riemann Solver for its Solution“. University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1271035105.
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Kuruneru, Sahan Trushad Wickramasooriya. „A coupled finite-volume & discrete-element method to investigate particle-laden gas flows and particle deposition in metal foam heat exchangers“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/125485/1/Sahan_Kuruneru_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis focuses on the development and implementation of an advanced numerical model to investigate complex fluid flow behaviour through novel metal foam heat exchangers used in various industrial applications such as computer heat sinks and air-conditioners. The developed numerical model permits engineers to better optimize heat exchanger designs. Moreover, the project delves into heat exchanger fouling which is a multifaceted issue in the industry. In this regard, a non-toxic and cost-effective anti-fouling heat exchanger fouling is proposed.
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Papaux, van Delden Marie-Laure. „L' influence des droits de l'homme sur l'osmose des modeles familiaux“. Geneve : Helbing et Lichtenhahn, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53332049.html.
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Belharat, Slimane. „Étude numérique des transferts thermiques couplés dans des enceintes ventilées de grand allongement : application aux verrières de protection des vitraux“. Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIE0113.
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Ganne, Pierre-Alexandre Régent Denis. „Evaluation de la fonction ventriculaire en scanner 64 coupes intérêt, faisabilité et comparaison aux techniques de référence /“. [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2007_GANNE_PIERRE_ALEXANDRE.pdf.
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Ribeiro, de Azevedo Lucas [Verfasser], Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schäfer, Francisco José [Akademischer Betreuer] Galindo-Rosales und Philip [Akademischer Betreuer] Cardiff. „Development of a block-coupled finite volume methodology for non linear elasticity / Lucas Ribeiro de Azevedo ; Michael Schäfer, Francisco José Galindo-Rosales, Philip Cardiff“. Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/123240750X/34.
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Rezk, Kamal. „Methods for Reducing the Complexity of Geometrical Structures Based on CFD Programming : Time Efficient Simulations Based on Volume Forces Coupled with Single and Two-phase Flow“. Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31983.
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Throughout recent years, computer based programs have been applied to solve and analyse industrial problems encountered global fields such as automobile design for reduction of CO2-gas, designing wind parks aimed at increasing power output etc. One of these developed programs is Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) which numerically solves complex flow behaviour based on computer power. As there is an ongoing expansion of CFD usage in industry, certain issues need to be addressed as they are becoming more frequently encountered. The general demand for the simulation of larger control volumes and more advanced flow processes result in an extensive requirement of computer resources. Moreover, the implementation of commercial CFD codes in small-scaled industrial companies seems to generally be utilised as a black box based on the knowledge of fluid mechanic theory. Increased partnerships between industry and the academic world involving various CFD based design processes generally yield to a verbal communication interface, which is a crucial step in the process given the level of dependency between both sides. Based on these notions, a method for establishing time efficient CFD-models with implementation of volume forces as sink terms in the momentum equation is presented. The internal structure, or parts of the structure, in the simulation domain is removed which reduces the geometrical complexity and along with it, computational demand. These models are the basis of assessing the benefits of utilizing a numerical based design process in industry in which the CFD code is used as a communication tool for knowledge sharing with counterparts in different fields.As there is an ongoing expansion of CFD usage in industry, certain issues need to be addressed as they are becoming more frequently encountered. The general demand for the simulation of larger control volumes and more advanced flow processes result in an extensive requirement of computer resources. Moreover, the implementation of commercial CFD codes in small-scaled industrial companies seems to generally be utilised as a black box based on the knowledge of fluid mechanic theory. Increased partnerships between industry and the academic world involving various CFD based design processes generally yield to a verbal communication interface, which is a crucial step in the process given the level of dependency between both sides. Based on these notions, a method for establishing time efficient CFD-models with implementation of volume forces as sink terms in the momentum equation is presented. The internal structure, or parts of the structure, in the simulation domain is removed which reduces the geometrical complexity and along with it, computational demand. These models are the basis of assessing the benefits of utilizing a numerical based design process in industry in which the CFD code is used as a communication tool for knowledge sharing with counterparts in different fields.
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Ferrante, Enzo. „Recalage déformable à base de graphes : mise en correspondance coupe-vers-volume et méthodes contextuelles“. Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC039/document.
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Les méthodes de recalage d’images, qui ont pour but l’alignement de deux ou plusieurs images dans un même système de coordonnées, sont parmi les algorithmes les plus anciens et les plus utilisés en vision par ordinateur. Les méthodes de recalage servent à établir des correspondances entre des images (prises à des moments différents, par différents senseurs ou avec différentes perspectives), lesquelles ne sont pas évidentes pour l’œil humain. Un type particulier d’algorithme de recalage, connu comme « les méthodes de recalage déformables à l’aide de modèles graphiques » est devenu de plus en plus populaire ces dernières années, grâce à sa robustesse, sa scalabilité, son efficacité et sa simplicité théorique. La gamme des problèmes auxquels ce type d’algorithme peut être adapté est particulièrement vaste. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons plusieurs extensions à la théorie de recalage déformable à l’aide de modèles graphiques, en explorant de nouvelles applications et en développant des contributions méthodologiques originales.Notre première contribution est une extension du cadre du recalage à l’aide de graphes, en abordant le problème très complexe du recalage d’une tranche avec un volume. Le recalage d’une tranche avec un volume est le recalage 2D dans un volume 3D, comme par exemple le mapping d’une tranche tomographique dans un système de coordonnées 3D d’un volume en particulier. Nos avons proposé une formulation scalable, modulaire et flexible pour accommoder des termes d'ordre élevé et de rang bas, qui peut sélectionner le plan et estimer la déformation dans le plan de manière simultanée par une seule approche d'optimisation. Le cadre proposé est instancié en différentes variantes, basés sur différentes topologies du graph, définitions de l'espace des étiquettes et constructions de l'énergie. Le potentiel de notre méthode a été démontré sur des données réelles ainsi que des données simulées dans le cadre d’une résonance magnétique d’ultrason (où le cadre d’installation et les stratégies d’optimisation ont été considérés).Les deux autres contributions inclues dans ce travail de thèse, sont liées au problème de l’intégration de l’information sémantique dans la procédure de recalage (indépendamment de la dimensionnalité des images). Actuellement, la plupart des méthodes comprennent une seule fonction métrique pour expliquer la similarité entre l’image source et l’image cible. Nous soutenons que l'intégration des informations sémantiques pour guider la procédure de recalage pourra encore améliorer la précision des résultats, en particulier en présence d'étiquettes sémantiques faisant du recalage un problème spécifique adapté à chaque domaine.Nous considérons un premier scénario en proposant un classificateur pour inférer des cartes de probabilité pour les différentes structures anatomiques dans les images d'entrée. Notre méthode vise à recaler et segmenter un ensemble d'images d'entrée simultanément, en intégrant cette information dans la formulation de l'énergie. L'idée principale est d'utiliser ces cartes estimées des étiquettes sémantiques (fournie par un classificateur arbitraire) comme un substitut pour les données non-étiquettées, et les combiner avec le recalage déformable pour améliorer l'alignement ainsi que la segmentation.Notre dernière contribution vise également à intégrer l'information sémantique pour la procédure de recalage, mais dans un scénario différent. Dans ce cas, au lieu de supposer que nous avons des classificateurs arbitraires pré-entraînés à notre disposition, nous considérons un ensemble d’annotations précis (vérité terrain) pour une variété de structures anatomiques. Nous présentons une contribution méthodologique qui vise à l'apprentissage des critères correspondants au contexte spécifique comme une agrégation des mesures de similarité standard à partir des données annotées, en utilisant une adaptation de l’algorithme « Latent Structured Support Vector Machine »Image registration methods, which aim at aligning two or more images into one coordinate system, are among the oldest and most widely used algorithms in computer vision. Registration methods serve to establish correspondence relationships among images (captured at different times, from different sensors or from different viewpoints) which are not obvious for the human eye. A particular type of registration algorithm, known as graph-based deformable registration methods, has become popular during the last decade given its robustness, scalability, efficiency and theoretical simplicity. The range of problems to which it can be adapted is particularly broad. In this thesis, we propose several extensions to the graph-based deformable registration theory, by exploring new application scenarios and developing novel methodological contributions.Our first contribution is an extension of the graph-based deformable registration framework, dealing with the challenging slice-to-volume registration problem. Slice-to-volume registration aims at registering a 2D image within a 3D volume, i.e. we seek a mapping function which optimally maps a tomographic slice to the 3D coordinate space of a given volume. We introduce a scalable, modular and flexible formulation accommodating low-rank and high order terms, which simultaneously selects the plane and estimates the in-plane deformation through a single shot optimization approach. The proposed framework is instantiated into different variants based on different graph topology, label space definition and energy construction. Simulated and real-data in the context of ultrasound and magnetic resonance registration (where both framework instantiations as well as different optimization strategies are considered) demonstrate the potentials of our method.The other two contributions included in this thesis are related to how semantic information can be encompassed within the registration process (independently of the dimensionality of the images). Currently, most of the methods rely on a single metric function explaining the similarity between the source and target images. We argue that incorporating semantic information to guide the registration process will further improve the accuracy of the results, particularly in the presence of semantic labels making the registration a domain specific problem.We consider a first scenario where we are given a classifier inferring probability maps for different anatomical structures in the input images. Our method seeks to simultaneously register and segment a set of input images, incorporating this information within the energy formulation. The main idea is to use these estimated maps of semantic labels (provided by an arbitrary classifier) as a surrogate for unlabeled data, and combine them with population deformable registration to improve both alignment and segmentation.Our last contribution also aims at incorporating semantic information to the registration process, but in a different scenario. In this case, instead of supposing that we have pre-trained arbitrary classifiers at our disposal, we are given a set of accurate ground truth annotations for a variety of anatomical structures. We present a methodological contribution that aims at learning context specific matching criteria as an aggregation of standard similarity measures from the aforementioned annotated data, using an adapted version of the latent structured support vector machine (LSSVM) framework
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Farah, Philipp Wagih [Verfasser], Wolfgang A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wall, Wolfgang A. [Gutachter] Wall und Manfred [Gutachter] Bischoff. „Mortar Methods for Computational Contact Mechanics Including Wear and General Volume Coupled Problems / Philipp Wagih Farah ; Gutachter: Wolfgang A. Wall, Manfred Bischoff ; Betreuer: Wolfgang A. Wall“. München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1160381259/34.
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Kotzeva, Lilia Dimitrova. „Copper and nickel toxicity and metal loading capacity of larval haemolymph in Aedes aegypti, using a novel small volume laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method“. Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44331.
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Much of the current literature focuses on fish as models for waterborne metal toxicology, yet few studies examine invertebrate or insect metal toxicology. The present study examined copper and nickel waterborne toxicity in Aedes aegypti larvae. The 24-hour LC₅₀ for copper in fouth instar larval Aedes aegypti was 2.28 mmol L-¹ (95% C. I. 1.97, 2.67) and 4.63 mmol L-¹ (95% C. I. 4.25, 5.05) in the unfed and fed treatments respectively. The 24-hour LC₅₀ for nickel in fouth instar larval Aedes aegypti was 17.2 mmol L-¹ (95% C. I. 15.58, 18.66) and 27.2 mmol L-¹¹ 1 (95% C. I. 25.49, 29.11) in the unfed and fed treatments respectively. To determine the metal loading capacity of haemolymph following acute and chronic copper and nickel exposures, a novel laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was developed as an alternative approach to analysis of small-volume samples. Matrix matching of liquid samples and standards was achieved by using oiled TLC plates. Sample chamber orientation was assessed, and the orientation used was opposite to the manufacturer’s specified orientation, resulting in better ablation characteristics. The relationship between the volume and surface area of samples spotted on the TLC plates was found to be linear. The method was validated using a certified reference material (Seronorm). It was determined that the average peak height of the chromatographs were best for analysis, after spatial profiling established the area of the most stable analyte signal. Further, the analytical method was independent of volume, avoiding the need to accurately measure small-volume samples. Using the developed method, it was found that Aedes aegypti larvae have an innate level of copper in their haemolymph and can concentrate copper in their haemolymph when chronically exposed to a low concentration (0.25 mmol L-¹ -1 mmol L-¹). Conversely, larvae did not concentrate nickel in their haemolymph, and nickel was not found in control samples of haemolymph. Taken together, the data supports copper’s role as an essential metal and implies that nickel may not be an essential metal for larval Aedes aegypti.
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Gosavi, Shekhar Vishwanath. „An integrated finite element and finite volume code to solve thermo-hydro-mechanical problems in porous media“. Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/157.
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Luizard, Paul. „Les espaces couplés : comportement, conception et perception dans un contexte de salle de spectacle“. Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00874238.
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Cette thèse dont le sujet porte sur les espaces couplés en acoustique des salles s'articule selon trois axes : le point de vue mécanique qui considère les champs acoustiques en régime stationnaire et transitoire ; le traitement des signaux émis et enregistrés permettant de caractériser l'acoustique de tels espaces ; et un aspect perceptif adoptant la position d'un auditeur. Ces travaux ont pour objectif d'obtenir une compréhension plus fine des phénomènes acoustiques mis en jeu dans les espaces couplés et de donner un point de vue global sur le sujet, de la modélisation à la perception. L'étude des champs acoustiques dans les espaces couplés a été réalisée en comparant plusieurs approches. Des modèles analytiques basés sur l'acoustique statistique et une équation de diffusion ont été développés et comparés à des mesures sur maquette acoustique à l'échelle 1:20, à des simulations numériques basées sur le principe du lancer de rayons ainsi qu'aux méthodes ondulatoires d'éléments frontière (BEM) et de différences finies en domaine temporel (FDTD). Par ailleurs, des indices acoustiques ont été définis, décrivant précisément les spécificités des courbes de décroissance et un code de traitement semi-automatisé a été réalisé afin d'analyser les réponses impulsionnelles. La perception du son réverbéré dans les espaces couplés est fortement influencée par les taux de décroissance multiples de l'énergie sonore. Deux types d'expériences perceptives basées sur des tests d'écoute ont été menées, l'une sur la capacité de discrimination de différents environnements réverbérants, l'autre sur l'adéquation subjective entre ces réverbérations et différents ensembles musicaux.
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Rimmelé, Thomas. „Purification sanguine au cours du choc septique“. Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809032.
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Le choc septique est la première cause de mortalité en réanimation. Des techniques extracorporelles de purification sanguine sont aujourd'hui proposées pour améliorer le pronostic de cette pathologie. Leur mode d'action est basé sur l'immunomodulation de la réponse inflammatoire systémique de l'hôte, obtenue principalement par épuration nonsélective des médiateurs de l'inflammation. Nous rapportons les résultats de différentes études in vitro, animales et cliniques ayant évalué les techniques de purification sanguine suivantes :hémofiltration à haut débit, hémofiltration en cascade, hémofiltration hautement adsorbante,filtration et adsorption couplée, hémoadsorption, et hémodialyse à haute perméabilité.Ce travail de recherche translationnelle montre que les techniques de purification sanguine sont non seulement capables d'épurer les médiateurs de l'inflammation mais aussi l'endotoxine pour l'hémofiltration hautement adsorbante et l'hémoadsorption. Nous démontrons par ailleurs la faisabilité technique, la sécurité d'application et les intérêts del'hémofiltration en cascade et de l'hémodialyse continue à haute perméabilité. Les effets hémodynamiques bénéfiques des techniques de purification sanguine sont également retrouvés. Pour les années à venir, il conviendra d'optimiser les techniques les plus performantes en tenant compte de leurs avantages et inconvénients respectifs. Sur le planphysiopathologique, l'effet plus direct de ces thérapies sur les leucocytes sera à approfondir. Il semble maintenant admis que convection, diffusion et adsorption ne doivent plus être opposés mais plutôt être considérés comme des mécanismes complémentaires
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Lai, Canfeng. „Magnetically confined capacitively coupled and inductively coupled plasmas for etching applications“. 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32872339.html.
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Tsai, Yi-Cheng. „Finite element analysis of coupled thermoviscoelastic-viscoplastic problems“. 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/28902705.html.
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Abd-Alhameed, Raed A., Peter S. Excell und Mohab A. Mangoud. „A Hybrid Computational Electromagnetics Formulation for Simulation of Antennas Coupled to Lossy and Dielectric Volumes“. 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3834.
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NoA heterogeneous hybrid computational electromagnetics method is presented, which enables different parts of an antenna simulation problem to be treated by different methods, thus enabling the most appropriate method to be used for each part. The method uses a standard frequency-domain moment-method program and a finite-difference time-domain program to compute the fields in two regions. The two regions are interfaced by surfaces on which effective sources are defined by application of the Equivalence Principle. An extension to this permits conduction currents to cross the boundary between the different computational domains. Several validation cases are examined and the results compared with available data. The method is particularly suitable for simulation of the behavior of an antenna that is partially buried, or closely coupled with lossy dielectric volumes such as soil, building structures or the human body.
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Farman, Taeko Takemori. „Charge-coupled device panoramic radiography image factors and dosimetry /“. 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/48134847.html.
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Rottmayer, Steven P. „Simulation of ground coupled vertical u-tube heat exchangers“. 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37396461.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1997.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-98).
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Masoom, Abulkhair Mohammad. „Coupled thermal vibrations of beams with temperature-dependent properties“. 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/17926620.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-87).
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Lewallen, Kyle Thomas. „Coupled deformation and fluid flow modeling of aquifers and reservoirs“. 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36491708.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-74).
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Levien, Keith Lester. „Studies in the design and control of coupled distillation columns“. 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/12292882.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1985.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 453-462).
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Hirst, Anthony Churchill. „Mechanisms of equatorial anomalies in dynamical coupled ocean-atmosphere models“. 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/15225228.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1986.Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-209).
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Giardina, Jonathan J. „Evaluation of ground coupled heat pumps for the State of Wisconsin“. 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/33114049.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1995.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-183).
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Levis, Samuel. „Bi-directional interactions simulated by a synchronously coupled atmosphere-vegetation model“. 1999. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43986678.html.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1999.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-140).
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Hokanson, Erin. „The effects of solar penetration on a coupled general circulation model“. 2006. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/76712943.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2006.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-55).
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Kose, Sadi. „Conventional method vs. coupled analysis in the numerical modeling of shaft sinking“. 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/37329688.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1996.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39).