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Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Counselling, welfare and community services“
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Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Sweet, Richard. „Career Information, Guidance and Counselling Services“. Australian Journal of Career Development 10, Nr. 2 (Juli 2001): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841620101000204.
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Throughout member countries of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), a number of important policy directions are placing increasing demands upon career information and guidance services. A growing emphasis upon lifelong learning for all and active employment and welfare policies are among the more important. Yet alongside these pressures for wider community access to career assistance services, recent OECD work reveals weaknesses in the organisation and delivery of career information, guidance and counselling. A key challenge facing governments is to widen access to these services in an affordable way and yet to maintain their quality. This paper describes a new OECD activity on policies for career information, guidance and counselling services that will examine this challenge.
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Rowlands, Allison. „Personal Services Assistance after the Sydney Floods of August 1986“. Children Australia 12, Nr. 3 (1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000014223.
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In New South Wales, the State Disaster Welfare Plan provides the structure for disaster relief and the co-ordination of both government and non-government bodies. The plan provides for a Personal Services and Welfare Information subcommittee in each regional or local area, responsible for assistance to individuals, groups and communities. This can be of a personal (e.g. counselling, referral) and information (e.g. dissemination, publicity, meetings) nature. Separate subcommittees are responsible for accommodation, clothing, catering and registration in the immediate post-disaster phase.The New South Wales Government also provides assistance to families who have suffered material losses in bushfires or floods, though a Relief Scheme, administered by the Department of Youth and Community Services and the Bushfire/Flood Relief Committee. The department is divided into ten regions throughout the state.
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Franklin, John, Diane Gibson und Jan Merkel-Stoll. „Market demand for counsellors and other professionals: 1984-1990“. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 4 (November 1994): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100001898.
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Despite rapid growth in the number of counsellors, almost no data are available concerning labour market demand, and the expectations of employers. This study surveyed 6298 positions available to counsellors, psychologists, social workers and occupational therapists in the state of New South Wales during the years 1984-1990. Over this period the demand for counsellors grew by 148%, a figure which far exceeded that of psychologists, social workers or occupational therapists. Only the demand for community mental health workers increased at a faster rate. The employment base for counsellors was concentrated in community health, hospital, welfare, corrective services and education. The main duties of counsellors were in counselling, community education and liaison, program development, drug and alcohol services, family case work, group work, assessment and testing, individual case work, and staff development and education. Counsellors were distinguished from psychologists and other health professionals by the emphasis placed on counselling, program development and the provision of drug and alcohol services. The number of advertised duties expected of counsellors increased by 29% over the six years, and there was an increased demand for the skills with which counsellors were identified. The demand for prior work experience and a postgraduate qualification also increased over time, whilst there was a decline in the proportion of senior positions. The results are discussed in terms of the need for the counselling profession to be more market oriented, and for certain critical employment-related skills to be incorporated into the education of counsellors.
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Becker, Carl, Yozo Taniyama, Megumi Kondo-Arita, Noriko Sasaki, Shinya Yamada und Kayoko Yamamoto. „Identifying bereaved grievers with greatest medical or social service needs in Japan“. Family Medicine and Community Health 10, Nr. 1 (März 2022): e001260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/fmch-2021-001260.
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ObjectiveSevere grief adversely affects the health of bereaved families, potentially burdening medical and community health services. Interventions for effective community health maintenance must identify the people likely to face severe effects of bereavement. The present study identified characteristics of mourners who experience severe grief within a year of bereavement to confirm whether this grief increased their reliance on Japanese medical and social services.DesignWe conducted a nationwide postal survey of Japanese bereaved within the previous year, to compare those reporting daily or overwhelming ‘heavy’ grief to those with less heavy grief, in terms of demographic and socioeconomic details, daily work and non-work activity, frequency of medical and social service use.Setting/participantsIn 2019, with the support of the Ministry of Education and the All Japan Funeral Co-Operation, we distributed approximately 5500 questionnaires to Japanese who had presided at funerals within the past year for anonymous return. By January of 2020, we received 1078 complete voluntary responses from bereaved Japanese.ResultsHalf of the ‘heavy grief’ group (n=143) reported adverse effects on health and daily life, including needs for pharmacological, medical or welfare support. Losses of husbands or children were particularly connected to severe grief; ‘unexpected’ death from cancer caused the greatest shock. Employment (even part-time) buffered against severe grief; grief was greater for the unemployed and substantially worse for those who lost significant income at the same time as they lost loved ones.ConclusionThese findings suggest that prior counselling should reduce the shock of bereavement and economic loss, which increases subsequent medical dependence. Medical professionals and community health workers can use the above factors to target in advance the family members in greatest danger of heavy grief, to intervene lest grief adversely affect their physical and psychological health after bereavement.
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Issah, Habibu. „Cultural Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Children Aged 0-6 Months in Tamale Metropolitan Area of Ghana“. Annals of Medical Laboratory Science 2, Nr. 1 (30.03.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51374/annalsmls.2022.2.1.0053.
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Background: The World Health Organization recommends exclusively breastfeeding (EBF) for 6-months commencing at birth, with early breastfeeding commencing within 30 minutes of delivery. Cultural factors have been discovered to influence women's choice to EBF. The research was to determine the cultural influences on EBF and its implications on the nutritional status of infants 0-6 months. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. The study included 300 women of reproductive age (18-45 years old) who had infants of 0-6 months and were accessing services at child welfare clinics in Tamale, Ghana. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire between mid-July to mid-August 2021. Results: Most of the mothers (54%) had poor knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. More than half (72%) did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. Most mothers (57%) did not offer colostrum to their newborns. Mothers-in-law influenced their daughters-in-laws breastfeeding behaviours. Over 50% of those who did not practice EBF said it was taboo to indulge in sex while EBF, to EBF when pregnant, to EBF when there was insufficient breast milk for infants signified by their frequent crying, and to EBF when mothers are likely to face challenges introducing complementary foods after 6 months. Most of the newborns had indications of underweight (69%), stunting (68%), and wasting (66%). Conclusion: There are greater needs to develop health teaching, health education, and counselling strategies to change knowledge, attitude, and practices. Again, negative attitudes and behaviours of mothers and the community as whole regarding EBF could also be addressed using community-based social marketing approach.
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Astiannis, Rella. „JOHANNES LEIMENA DALAM KESEHATAN IBU DAN ANAK DI INDONESIA (1946-1956)“. FACTUM: Jurnal Sejarah dan Pendidikan Sejarah 7, Nr. 2 (01.10.2018): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/factum.v7i2.15606.
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Mother and child welfare are very important in every country and one of the most important issues that should have an attention from the Minister of Health. Because it will affect a country’s progress and resilience. To increasing mother and child welfare, a comprehensive act such as economic, social, and health itself need to be implemented. For a newly independent state, that was a difficult thing to be done. Likewise, Indonesia after gained independence which also dealt with difficulties in improving their society health particularly mother and child health where at that time mortality were very high. Coupled with Indonesia which was confronted the revolutionary era (1945-1956) after gained its independence. Dr Johannes Leimena as a Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia from 1946 to 1956 was the one who has responsibility for public health in that period. This research was intended to analyse on increasing mother and child’s programs under Johannes Leimena era which referred to historical research methods such as heuristic, criticism, and historiography. Based on the result, in1940-1950 Indonesia has a low rate of population growth and one of them was due to the high rate of maternal and child mortality. At that time, Indonesia experienced an economic crisis that must strive to provide primary health care for mothers and children in Indonesia. So in 1951, Dr Johannes Leimena established BKIA (Balai Kesejahteraan Ibu dan Anak or Mother and Child Welfare Center) as a solution to these problems. BKIA is a regional health service centre including providing counselling to mothers and children. In its implementation in Indonesia, the BKIA assisted by UNICEF as an international child protection institution, as well as the government and the community who also participated in succeeded in the program. With its consistency, BKIA as the frontline for maternal and child health services that also served public health can reduce population's mortality rates in Indonesia and even gave an impact on increasing public awareness of the importance of maintaining health.
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Pairan, Pairan, und Savira Auliya Abdullah. „PENGEMBANGAN KOMUNITAS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN LINGKUNGAN RAMAH ANAK BERKEBUTUHAN KHUSUS“. EMPATI: Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial 9, Nr. 2 (17.01.2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/empati.v9i2.18039.
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Abstract. Special needs children as a part of the group with social welfare problems need to get more attention to the fulfillment of their rights and needs in accomplishing their social functions. A problem that faced by persons with disabilities, especially for special needs children, is unfriendly environmental conditions. Yayasan Peduli Kasih ABK, a non-profit organization which has concern on disability issues commited to create a friendly environment for special needs in Mulyorejo Surabaya. they create the environment by providing services and organizing activities that can help families with special needs, community, and health workers to optimize early detection and basic treatment for special needs children. By the qualitative method, this study discusses the process of creating a special needs friendly environment through community development. The result of this study showed that the activities starting from group discussion, gathering the participation of special needs and families, socialization, assesment, counselling, training for health workers, talent assistance for children and parents. The activities as a whole can be interpreted as a community development because community awareness and concern raise through the participation of all components in society, that are local government, community health workers, the community itself, and families with special needs altogether make a change by utilizing resources from the community so that independence arise. Abstrak. Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) sebagai salah satu bagian dari kelompok penyandang masalah kesejahteraan sosial perlu memperoleh perhatian lebih terkait pemenuhan hak-hak serta kebutuhan dalam proses melaksanakan fungsi sosialnya. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh penyandang disabilitas, khususnya bagi anak berkebutuhan khusus salah satunya adalah kondisi lingkungan yang belum ramah. Yayasan Peduli Kasih ABK, sebuah lembaga non-profit yang memiliki perhatian terhadap isu disabilitas berkomitmen untuk menciptakan lingkungan yang ramah anak berkebutuhan khusus di wilayah Kecamatan Mulyorejo Surabaya melalui penyediaan layanan dan penyelenggaraan kegiatan yang dapat membantu keluarga dengan ABK, masyarakat, dan fasilitas kesehatan untuk optimalisasi deteksi dini serta penanganan dasar bagi ABK. Dengan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini membahas proses mewujudkan lingkungan ramah ABK melalui upaya pengembangan komunitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktvitas yang diinisiasi mulai dari diskusi kelompok, menghimpun partisipasi ABK dan keluarga, sosialisasi, assesment dan konsultasi psikologis, pelatihan bagi kader dan tenaga kesehatan, hingga pendampingan minat dan bakat bagi ABK dan orang tua secara utuh dapat dimaknai sebagai upaya pengembangan komunitas, karena kesadaran dan kepedulian komunitas tumbuh melalui adanya partisipasi seluruh komponen masyarakat yaitu pemerintah lokal, tenaga kesehatan setempat, komunitas warga, dan keluarga dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus untuk mewujudkan suatu perubahan dengan mendayagunakan sumber yang berasal dari komunitas sehingga timbul kemandirian.
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Rahmatinnur, Ummi. „Optimization of the Role of Social Worker Service Units in Legal Protection Effort against Children in Contact with the Law“. Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, Nr. 1 (21.01.2022): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i01.002.
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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has been identified as a global public health problem of human rights concern. It is a global issue with far reaching consequences for the physical, reproductive, and mental health of women, regardless of social, economic, religious or cultural group. Most of the times, IPV is usually perpetrated by a husband or an intimate male partner of a woman or girl and this is often due to the emotional attachment with or economic dependency of the women on the perpetrators of violence. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measure, although effective in reducing the disease spread has led to unintended negative consequences. The social, economic and financial distress experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown period has increased the prevalence of Intimate Partner Violence. The financial difficulty associated with the lock-down period has been known to precipitate stress and frustration, and subsequent negative coping mechanisms such as substance abuse and depression; all of which are baseline triggers for intimate partner violence. This has been labelled the silent pandemic. This article examines the rise in incidences of Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during the COVID-19 Pandemic and contends that Individual Risk Factors, Financial Dependence on the Abuser, Poor Implementation of the rights of women, Cultural Perception of Women, Poor Governance and Resource Management, Lack of Adequate Social Welfare Palliative Schemes, in addition to the complications arising from dealing with COVID-19 pandemic are major factors that have resulted in the surge of Intimate Partner Violence in Nigeria. This work underscores recommendations to curb Intimate Partner violence in Nigeria during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, and ensure better realization of the rights and welfare of women and girls such as Legal Framework Reform, Socio Economic Empowerment of Women and girls, Community Mobilization and Behaviour Change Communication, Awareness Creation, and establishment of Sexual Assault Referral and Counselling Centres.
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Astuti, Laily Puji. „The Role of Guidance and Counseling Services in Individual Counseling During The Covid-19 Pandemic“. International Journal of Applied Guidance and Counseling 2, Nr. 1 (26.02.2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26486/ijagc.v2i1.1592.
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The primary role of the counsellor during the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to be able to formulate individual counselling services that are in accordance with the needs of students today. One of the guidance and counselling services is an individual counselling service which refers to Permendikbud Number 111 of 2014 to obtain limited information about individual counselling. It is hoped that the implementation of guidance and counselling will be able to implement individual counselling services properly. Guidance and counselling must be able to: 1) Prioritize the welfare of the counselee, 2) Able to develop the counselee's diversity of competency skills, 3) Develop information and emotional control skills, 4) Have high resilience in dealing with one's own problems and counselee problems. Individual counselling services are teacher guidance and counselling services in schools to help students solve problems about truancy, interaction with friends, personal problems and career studies. The function of individual counselling services in guidance and counselling can help students in overcoming problems, getting change, direction and support and better attention. Therefore, the role of guidance and counselling in individual counselling services is very important in guidance and counselling in schools. So the counsellor must have the ability to guide, understand the characteristics of students well so that the counsellor can provide optimal guidance services to students.
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Van de Perre, Philippe. „HIV voluntary counselling and testing in community health services“. Lancet 356, Nr. 9224 (Juli 2000): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02462-4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Hough, Christine Victoria. „Every child matters : a small scale enquiry into policy and practice“. Thesis, University of Cumbria, 2010. http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/3736/.
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1. This research study examines aspects of the effectiveness of the Every ChildlYouth Matters (ECMIYM) programme with regard to its implementation in 2006. Part 1 of the study explores the practical implications of ECM/YM for professional practice across the different welfare agencies, through a series of loosely structured interviews with managers, case workers and young offenders (aged up to 16 years). From an analysis of the data, using grounded theory approaches, three key findings were inducted. These findings suggested the following: I. A lack of consistency in the quality of targeted support provided by integrated services for the most vulnerable children and young people and their families; II. A lack of fine tuning in: a) the identification of vulnerability across different cohorts of children and young people, according to their changing circumstances; b) the ways in which information (about vulnerable children and young people) is shared and used across the different welfare agencies. 2. Reflection on these findings led to a further review of the literature that focuses on critiques of social policy. The analyses of research data within this domain suggest the limitations of social policy making that conforms to a linear, mechanistic approach, because it does not respond to individualised, local need. This suggests further that it is the policies themselves that account for the perceived lack of fine tuning identified in the above findings in part one of this research thesis. Therefore it was important, next, to capture data which drew on respondents' personal perceptions of welfare provision, which might endorse, or otherwise, those aspects in which part 1 of the study suggested that the ECM/YM agenda is failing, in some localities, to meet the needs of the most vulnerable children, young people and their families. 3. In part two of this study, further research was conducted through a series , of extended conversations with: male offenders (aged between 16 and 24 years); parents/partners of prisoners; managers from voluntary/not for profit organisations and senior multi-agency professionals. The data were analysed using a phenomenological approach. Overall, the findings suggest that a purely mechanistic, evidenced-based approach to providing welfare support for vulnerable children, young people and their families can result in negative outcomes when compared with a more contextualised, holistic approach.
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Lee, Virginia. „From caregiving to bereavement : weaving the strands of identity : a thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Social Work at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand“. Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1314.
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“In what ways does the experience of caregiving for a terminally ill family member affect the experience and process of bereavement?” The identity of family caregivers in palliative care has been ambiguous: caregivers are often unaware they fit the description of ‘carer’. Previous research describes two contrasting constructs that shape the identity of the caregiver: burden and privilege. Research, including this study, suggests that the emergence of identity as a carer impacts on the course and experience of bereavement. Two semi – structured interviews were conducted with a small number of caregiving family members: during the caregiving role and in their subsequent bereavement. This exploratory study used phenomenological research to examine the experiences of those caregivers interviewed. The data were examined using the existential themes uncovered in analysis. This paper reports on those themes.
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Schooneveldt, Simon P. „Do the lived experiences of people who have been breached by Centrelink match the expectation and intent of the Howard Government?“ Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/85/1/schooneveldtThesis.PDF.
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In the past three years, the number of breach penalties applied by Centrelink to welfare recipients have more than trebled, with some 349,000 incidences reported for the 2000-2001 year. This Masters Degree research study examines the lived experience of some individuals who have been breached by Centrelink, to ascertain whether their lived experiences accord with the stated policy expectations and intent of the Howard Government. Government policy statements are identified from the literature, as are a range of alternative viewpoints and critiques offered by commentators.
A qualitative research survey instrument was developed. Survey data was collected from people passing on the footpath outside three Brisbane Centrelink offices. Fifty-six individuals who stated they had been breached at least once responded. The results of primary and secondary analysis of the collected data is presented in the findings, followed by discussion as to how the lived experiences of the unemployed respondents matched Government expectation and intent
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Whelan, Blanche M. „The impact of counselling services at a small community college, multiple perspectives“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0033/MQ62440.pdf.
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Van, Wyk Sherine. „Locating a counselling internship within a community setting“. Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49732.
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Thesis (MA) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: no abstract available
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing ondersoek die behoefte van Sielkunde as professie om meer sosiaal relevante en gepaste dienste vir al die mense van Suid-Afrika te lewer. Dit bespreek die kritiek teen tradisionele sielkunde en die dringende behoefte vir 'n meer kontekstuele benadering om the negatiewe sielkundige verskynsels in the samelewing te begryp en verklaar. Die waarde van Gemeenskapsielkunde om voorkomende, kuratiewe en bevorderende geestesgesondheidsdienste aan gemeenskappe te lewer, word ook ondersoek. Verskeie modelle van gemeenskapsielkunde en die voorgestelde integrasie van geestesgesondheidsdienste by Primere Gesondheid word bespreek. Die plasing van 'n voorligtingsielkunde internskap binne 'n gemeenskapsomgewing, naamlik, die Don en Pat Bilton Kliniek, Jamestown, word beskryf en qeevalueer.
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Mlcek, Susan Huhana Elaine. „Paucity management models in community welfare service delivery“. View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/33647.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, Social Justice and Social Change Research Centre, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Hunt, John Anthony. „The development of pharmaceutical services in the British welfare state“. Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266923.
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Chubarova, Tatiana Vladimirovna. „Occupational welfare in Russia with special reference to health care“. Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1663/.
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Relying on new empirical data, derived from a survey, and supplemented by an extensive study of available secondary material, this thesis represents the first attempt systematically to explore key issues regarding occupational welfare in Russia, with special reference to health care. The thesis is divided into three parts: a discussion of the problematic; an investigation of the evolution of policy; and an examination of primary and secondary empirical data. The fundamental theoretical problems of occupational welfare are approached in the light of research in the West, in the Soviet Union and in post-Soviet Russia with emphasis both on divergences and commonalities. It is argued that any endeavour to separate Soviet and Western experiences is artificial and ultimately unproductive. Rather, the analytical penetration of ideological barriers renders possible an examination of their fruitful interaction. On the basis of existing knowledge two perspectives of occupational welfare -- social policy and organisation -- are introduced. An attempt to formulate a general definition of the notion of occupational welfare is also made. The evolution of occupational welfare and in particular its health care component are examined in their context, from the Tsarist era, during the Soviet Union and through to post-Soviet times, with a concrete aim of elucidating any continuities in policy pathways. Contemporary issues are associated with the initial outcomes of health reforms in the 1990s that are indispensable for projecting the future prospects of occupational welfare. The empirical component of the thesis reports the results of fieldwork carried out in Moscow between 1995 and 1997. The brief was to explore the contemporary status of occupational welfare in Russia in the context of changing social policy aims and methods evolving in the course of the transformation. The attitudes of senior managers of industrial enterprises providing in-kind health services for their employees were investigated, as were employers' actual health responsibilities in the light of the introduction of compulsory health insurance legislation. It is argued that occupational welfare has a distinct sphere of operation and offers potential, not only for the survival of the service area but also for its further development in the evolving socio-political environment. The thesis is a first step towards a deeper analysis of occupational welfare in Russia: an audit of outstanding issues, although not exhaustive, completes the account as an aid to further discussion and research.
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Montgomery, Anna. „Counselling in Swedish Community Pharmacies : Understanding the Process of a Pharmaceutical Care Service“. Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaci, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108973.
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Community pharmacy practice is moving towards patient care and away from the mere dispensing of medicines. In this movement, which is guided by the philosophy of Pharmaceutical care (PC), new counselling services emerge. The purpose of the thesis was to add knowledge about the real-world provision of PC services by studying a defined PC service in Swedish pharmacies. Specific aims of this thesis were to investigate the experiences of professionals working with or close to the service and to describe the content of consultations, counselling behaviour and patterns of follow-up. Further aims were to characterise patients receiving the service and describe their perceived outcomes, in relation to standard service. Data were collected via focus groups, telephone interviews, observations, a patient medication record database and a cross-sectional survey. The practitioners reported greater use of their pharmaceutical knowledge and provision of more thorough patient support. Perceived barriers in delivering the service included difficulties in documenting and getting commitment from colleagues, managers and prescribers. Doctors working close to PC pharmacies held varying opinions about the service. Consultations dealt with issues potentially improving the outcomes of medical treatment, but the level of patient centredness varied and was limited by the practitioners’ focus on the computer screen. The rate of follow-up evaluations was modest, but was higher at pharmacies with a high volume of patients receiving the service. PC patients were mostly elderly and female, using about 10 prescription drugs. In comparison to patients receiving standard service, they were more worried, vulnerable and information-seeking. At the same time, their feelings of safety following the pharmacy visit were more pronounced than those of patients receiving standard service. They also felt better prepared for doctor visits. In order for community pharmacy to better meet patients’ needs and optimise PC services, increased attention should be given to implementation strategies, interprofessional collaboration and educational efforts focusing on patient centredness.
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Xiao, Lina, und 肖莉娜. „Danwei based community services: a case studyof Tsinghua University“. Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30460578.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleBücher zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Working with life experience. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2010.
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Working with life experience. Milton Keynes: Open University, 2008.
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An introduction to counselling. 3. Aufl. Philadelphia: Open University Press, 2003.
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An introduction to counselling. 2. Aufl. Buckingham [England]: Open University Press, 1998.
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Great Britain. Audit Commission for Local Authorities and the National Health Service in England and Wales. The community revolution: Personal social services and community care. London: H.M.S.O., 1992.
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Association, Stroke. Stroke: Research, prevention, community services, welfare, information & publications. London: Stroke Association, 1996.
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Brian, Wharf, Hrsg. Community work approaches to child welfare. Peterborough, Ont: Broadview Press, 2002.
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Community organizing and community building for health and welfare. 3. Aufl. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 2012.
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Leventakis, Georgios. Community-Oriented Policing and Technological Innovations. Cham: Springer Nature, 2018.
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Miller, Lisa. Counselling skills for social work. London: Sage Publications, 2005.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle findenBuchteile zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Attwood, Margaret, und Stuart Dimmock. „Looking after Employees: Welfare and Counselling Services“. In Personnel Management, 141–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13939-2_11.
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Attwood, Margaret. „Looking after Employees — Welfare and Counselling Services“. In Personnel Management, 126–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20137-2_10.
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Kegerreis, Sue. „Family Consultation Centres, Community Adolescent Services and Beyond“. In Psychodynamic Counselling with Children and Young People, 139–51. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05711-2_13.
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Fine, Michael D., und Anna Yeatman. „Care for the Self: ‘Community Aged Care Packages’“. In Individualization and the Delivery of Welfare Services, 165–86. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230228351_10.
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Kaswanto, Regan Leonardus. „Management of Landscape Services for Improving Community Welfare in West Java, Indonesia“. In Landscape Ecology for Sustainable Society, 251–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74328-8_15.
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Katondo, Richard J. M., und Agnes M. S. Nyomora. „The role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities: the case of Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area, Rufiji district, Tanzania.“ In Climate change impacts and sustainability: ecosystems of Tanzania, 169–79. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242966.0169.
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Abstract This study examined the role of ecosystem services in enhancing climate change resilience of local communities in Ngarambe-Tapika Wildlife Management Area (WMA). The study aimed to identify forms of ecosystem services that can be gained from conservation of a WMA in relation to climate change adaptation. The design for this study adopted both a quantitative and a qualitative research approach. The study was undertaken in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA located between latitude 39° S and 39°30' S and between longitude 12°30' E and 13° E. It is located alongside the north-eastern border of the Selous Game Reserve. The area is also the home of local people whose lifestyles and livelihoods are intricately tied to the biological diversity and the functioning of this natural system. Purposive sampling was employed in selecting respondents for the household questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. This study found that income obtained from Ngarambe-Tapika ecosystems by the communities were invested in material welfare and livelihoods that enhance resilience to climate change, primarily social services (54.9%) such as construction of houses, dispensaries and rehabilitation of the primary schools, and some of the money was spent on electricity provision for the community and energy for light and water pumps. Other benefits included employment (16.5%), protection from dangerous and problematic wildlife (14.3%) and petty business (14.3%). Generally, in Ngarambe-Tapika WMA there is a need to emphasize conservation awareness and extension programmes which advocate sustainable utilization of wildlife resources, and adopt an integrated approach of climate-smart agriculture to address the challenges related to food insecurity and climate change and variability. The latter would enable increased agricultural productivity to support equitable increases in farm incomes, improve food security and build resilience of agricultural and food security systems to adapt to climate change and variability.
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Allemeersch, Simon. „The Inside and Outside of High-Rise Social Housing: The Broken Institution“. In The Urban Book Series, 109–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19748-2_8.
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AbstractThis article is based on an ethnographic report of a long-term artistic workplace in the inside world of a social high-rise ensemble. The communal ‘atelier’ functioned as a repair workshop (Allemeersch et al. 2014) concerned with re-negotiating the relation and knowledge between the inside and outside world. Through a synchronic ethnographic report on the inside world of the housing ensemble, this article aims to characterize the lived citizenship (Warming and Fahnøe 2017) of residents, formal and informal, based upon the opposition between formal and informal order (Goffman 1966; Scott 1998), the notion of ‘underlife’ (Goffman 1963/1996) and hidden and public transcripts (Scott 1990). As the deserted stronghold of a previously ‘pillarized’ welfare state, this article pictures an inside world that is unbalanced between formal and informal order, and lacking the latter (Scott 1998). This results in a social closure between the inside and outside world, and the loss of self of residents. Essentially, residents are caught in the double bind between isolation and social closure (Wacquant 2008) on the one hand, and the loss of façade (Goffman 1959/2019) on the other. Without a qualitative understanding of the inside world of high-rise social housing the outside world institutions act without any knowledge of ‘the community that many residents were able to create in such adverse conditions’ (Goetz 2011, p. 270), and the difficult relation these residents have developed towards their own environment and housing, state intervention and the public services (Wacquant 2008).
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Cuccurullo, Corrado, Luca D’Aniello, Massimo Aria und Maria Spano. „Measuring the impact of healthcare indicators on academic medical centers’ scientific production“. In Proceedings e report, 161–65. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.31.
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The Italian public-owned Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) are hospitals where the activities of scientific research, teaching, and patients care are fully integrated. AMCs have an enormous impact on society and country health. Recently, policymakers and practitioners give more and more great importance to the AMCs’ scientific activity for both welfare and national competitivity. The scientific production and its impact on the research community could be obviously affected by different factors related to the structural and operational characteristics of each AMC. Healthcare institutions could be different for the typology of services that they offer, their geolocation, the presence/absence of Emergency Departments, the number of employees, and so forth. In this sense, our study aims to investigate and determine which are the possible factors impacting the research productivity of AMCs. We develop a model to assess the academic value of AMCs by taking into account these factors and how they are related to healthcare performance, measured in terms of scientific production (e.g. scientific publications) and impact on the research field (e.g. citations). To face this issue, for each of the public AMCs we collect data about research productivity from bibliographic indexing databases (e.g. Web of Science, PubMed) and we retrieve structural information mainly from their official websites. This work has been partially financed by the research project “Leading Change in Academic Medical Centers”, funded by the competitive call for projects V:ALERE 2019. The project aims to provide evidence, advice, and remarks to help the agents of the public health system to address the many challenges that they face.
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Clement, I. „Family Welfare Services“. In Basic Concepts of Community Health Nursing, 175. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/10073_14.
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„Providing Public Services and Welfare“. In Critical Pluralism, Democratic Performance, and Community Power, 104–17. University Press of Kansas, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1p2gjg7.15.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleKonferenzberichte zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Pavkov, Thomas, und Charles Winer. „The Development of Consumer-Driven Human Services Information Technology Initiatives: The Lake County Indiana Experience“. In 2001 Informing Science Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2366.
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The Family Access Project will deploy innovative community empowerment, education, consensus building, and information system development strategies to strengthen community, ensure the efficient and effective delivery of needed services, and address the unique needs of families requiring public assistance from a host of public and private agencies in Lake County. The goal of the project is to enhance community life through improved care coordination by linking new technologies to the human service delivery process. Upon completion, the project will assist in the enhancement of community-based services through the development of rules of data transaction and data standards and the deployment of a secure messaging/document exchange network. By putting technology in the hands of consumers we also hope to impact the economic development and workforce readiness goals set forth in our community's welfare to work programs. These innovations will require educational innovations in order to facilitate the use of technology by both provider and consumer end-users. Proposed innovations include tutorials related to data standards development, peer train-the-trainer training in the development and use of technology to support service system reforms; and ongoing support through a technical assistance clearinghouse and help desk.
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Miolo De Oliveira, Caio, Rita Assoreira Almendra, Ana Rita Lourenço und Tiago Leitão. „Community Engagement Methodology for the Academic Design Curriculum“. In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001372.
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Design profession has become quite resignified over time, being increasingly associated with an approach to involve people working collaboratively to co-create new opportunities for the welfare, solve complex problems or even favor innovation processes, whether they are applied in business environments or in the social sphere. By acting in this scope, Design is articulating social innovation processes, as it is developing strategies, whether through products or services, so that the actors related to the existing context can be active agents of transformation. In synergy with this approach, there is another participatory aspect, originating from other areas of knowledge: Community Engagement Methodology. This encompasses a process for providing information, empowering the community to identify solutions to their needs, as well as influencing priorities and strategic decisions. In this context, despite having enough theoretical and practical research implemented to favor community engagement, it appears that the academic curricula of Design courses do not work so specifically with community engagement/ implementation of social innovation processes. Thus, this paper reveals a methodology developed during PhD research in Design that aimed to favor the social reintegration of offenders and ex-offenders. This methodology, made up of different methods, was created in codesign with a Portuguese social cooperative, which was one of the promoters of a project co-founded by the European Union, between 2017 and 2020. The methodology was applied to professionals of the Criminal Justice System who work within the scope of reintegration in four countries (Portugal, Italy, Romania, and Germany), who evaluated it very positively. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reveal the community involvement methodology created and propose ways that it can be implemented in Design curricula, to encourage and favor the development of solutions and improvements in different social contexts.
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Zobena, Aija, und Daira Lace. „Demand for social farming services in Latvia: dementia care in Rūjiena municipality“. In Research for Rural Development 2021 : annual 27th International scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.27.2021.026.
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The aim of the study is to explore potential demand for social care services offered by social farming in Latvia by studying the experience of families caring for family members with dementia. Social farming is both a new and a traditional concept. It originates from the traditional rural self-help networks that were well established in rural areas before the modernisation of agriculture and the rise of the public welfare system. Social agriculture covers at least three dynamic areas of society – rural development, social entrepreneurship and the growing demand for social care services, and it is closely linked to the concept of multifunctional agriculture. As a form of social entrepreneurship, social farming could create the opportunity to reconnect farmers with their local communities through the opening of their farms as part of the social support system of the community. Caring for people with dementia is a particular challenge. Currently in Latvia, families where one of the family members has dementia have only two options - to place their relatives in a care institution or to take care of them in the family. Foreign experience shows that social care farms can provide care services to people with early dementia. This paper, exploring demand for these services in Latvia, is based on the case study of families caring for persons with dementia in Rūjiena municipality in April 2020.
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Schneider-Skalska, Grażyna, und Paweł Tor. „Residential areas in the structure of the city: case studies from west europe and Krakow“. In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8079.
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Once they adopted the sedentary lifestyle, humans set to building settlements which were to protect groups of families and give them the sense of belonging to a material and social community. The settlement unit which could be called a housing complex goes back thousands of years BC. The scale of problems related to housing environment grew considerably with the emergence and development of cities, yet truly distinctive quantitative and qualitative changes occurred in the early 20th century.
Implementation of the programmatic assumptions of the Athens Charter resulted in the emergence of spatial and functional structures based on hierarchic dependence of components. The initial projects reflected the pursuit of a human-scale environment and the structural division into neighbourhood units. Undoubtedly, the second part of the 20th century brought about a change in the trends of development in cities. Large housing estates were abandoned in favour of a much greater diversity of housing complex forms – the revived form of city street, urban block or the classic form of a residential complex with clearly delineated structure, services and – most frequently –some recreational areas. The 21st century draws from well-known patterns, complementing them with new elements and solutions imposed by the requirements of the principles of sustainable development. Due to the limited availability of land in highly urbanized central city parts, contemporary housing development occupies more peripheral areas, often at the border between urban and rural neighbourhoods. The development process involves numerous participants, often with opposing interests – public authorities, whose concern should be sustainable growth of the whole city, and developer firms and investors, whose motivation is to maximize profit. This situation has led in most Polish cities to the emergence of disconnected fenced-away residential ghettos with no spatial order.
Meanwhile, housing development in Western Europe continues to be built as planned urban complexes drawing from the experience of the past and satisfying the needs of the contemporary city dwellers.
The article presents several urban complexes with dominant housing development (Orestad in Copenhagen, Monte Laa and Nordbahnhof-Area in Vienna, Ijburg in Amsterdam and Riem in Munich) built relatively recently.It discusses their functional, spatial and social characteristics, which make them examples of good practice in contemporary urban planning. They demonstrate clearly that only comprehensive planning in a broader scale guarantees creation of high-quality urban spaces, where the welfare of resident communities is a priority.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Counselling, welfare and community services"
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong und Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.
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Bassi, Andrea. From “Social Impact” to “Social Value”. Liège: CIRIEC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/ciriec.wp202206.
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After the financial-economic crisis of 2008 there has been an increasing diffusion of discourses by international institutions stressing the necessity towards the adoption of impact evaluation methods both by for profit and SSE organizations. This craze for impact measurement is generally led by the need of the stock exchange to find new financial markets (demand) for an increasing offer of socially or environmentally oriented financial products (such as the Social Impact Bond). This pressure had the effect to spread terms and concept typically of the financial world to other domains, such as the welfare policy (Social Investment State) and the traditional philanthropic sector (Social Return on Investment). Even the SSE has not been immune from this “epidemic” of measurement, standardization, quantification of its activities’ effects (Salathé-Beaulieu, G. in collaboration with M. J. Bouchard and M. Mendell, 2019). The paper’s main aim is to argue in favour of the adoption of a broader conceptualization of the SSE contribution to the local community (and to the society as a whole) that the one implied by the term “impact”. It proposes a conceptual framework based on the “social value” notion, which requires to consider the worth (Bouchard, M. J. ed., 2009) linked to the presence of the organization itself and not only of its activities/ programs/services. The paper will illustrate and comment the main results from an empirical research on the Social Added Value Evaluation of an umbrella recreation association in the Emilia-Romagna Region. The inquire adopts an experimental design based on qualitative methods such as: focus groups, face to face interviews and on site observations, in order to build a consensual system of social value/impact evaluation to be adopted by the local branches of the regional association.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie und Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.
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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Community involvement in reproductive health: Findings from research in Karnataka, India. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh17.1007.
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In 1996, the government of India decided to provide a package of reproductive and child health services through the existing family welfare program, adopting a community needs assessment approach (CNAA). To implement this approach, the government abolished its practice of setting contraceptive targets centrally and introduced a decentralized planning strategy whereby health workers assessed the reproductive health needs of women in their respective areas and prepared local plans to meet those needs. They also involved community leaders to promote community participation in the reproductive and child health program. Since 1998, several evaluation studies have assessed the impact of CNAA on the program’s performance and community participation. These studies showed that the performance of the maternal health-care program improved, whereas the functioning of the family planning program initially declined but later recovered. The approach achieved little in boosting community involvement. This project tested a new model of health committee to help stimulate community participation in reproductive and child health activities at the village level. The experiment, described in this report, was conducted in the Hunsur block of the Mysore District in Karnataka for two years. Researchers evaluated the impact in terms of community involvement and utilization of reproductive and child health services.
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Integration of STI and HIV/AIDS with MCH-FP Services: A case study of the Nakuru Municipal Council's project on strengthening STD/AIDS control. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1004.
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Kenya’s Nakuru Municipal Council (NMC) operates five clinics located primarily in residential areas with high concentrations of people. The clinics provide basic antenatal, child welfare, STI, and other curative services, and family planning services are available at four of the clinics. One provincial referral hospital operated by the Ministry of Health also provides MCH-FP and HIV/STI services in a special STI treatment clinic. The seven public health facilities in Nakuru Municipality are participating in a collaborative project with the Department of Community Health at the University of Nairobi, the University of Manitoba in Canada, and the Nairobi Municipal City Council. The goal is to reduce the incidence of STD's, including HIV/AIDS in Kenya, through strengthening management of STDs and AIDS at the health facilities and establishing sustainable community-based STD/AIDS control activities with an emphasis on women's participation. This report describes a case study of the integration activities being undertaken by the NMC. NMC clinics have adequate basic infrastructure to provide MCH-FP and STI/HlV/AlDS services using an integrated approach, however they lack basic equipment and supplies to support the integration of these services.
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Workshop on youth across Asia. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1013.
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The issues facing youth across Asia are as diverse as the cultures they represent. Issues involving schooling, employment, sexuality, and marriage take on increased significance for young people aged 10–24 in every country. Decisions made by youth and their families will dramatically affect their individual welfare. Few programs outside of public education systems exist at a sufficiently large scale to assist youth. Decisions to stay in school, opportunities to learn skills and manage resources, the exercise of sexual responsibility, and the process of family formation all impact both personal welfare and community development. Gender-equality issues compound many of the problems. Due to population momentum, growth will be largest among those countries where fertility has been highest in the past 20 years. Momentum is attenuated by increasing the age of marriage, delaying first birth, and spacing subsequent births. This report states that the objectives of the September 1997 “Workshop on Youth Across Asia,” held in Kathmandu, Nepal, were to better understand implications of population momentum and the challenges facing youth in achieving reproductive health in Asia, and to facilitate effective policies and services to address these issues.
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A client-centered approach to reproductive health: A trainer's manual. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1015.
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This training manual grew out of a project to improve the quality of care rendered by public-sector providers of reproductive health services. Implemented by the Population Council in collaboration with the Ministries of Population, Welfare, and Health, in Pakistan, the project extended beyond improving the quality of care provided by family planning workers and incorporated health workers who provided maternal and child health services. The success of all efforts made by the service delivery system in attracting and keeping clients depends upon the content and quality of interaction when the client comes in contact with the provider—whether the client is visiting a clinic or being visited by a community-based worker at home. To offer good quality of care, the provider should treat the client with dignity and respect, assess her reproductive health needs by asking questions rather than making assumptions based on her profile, and help her negotiate a solution appropriate to her circumstances. This training manual is oriented toward improving providers’ interpersonal skills. Emphasis is placed on the client and helping her meet her own needs rather than on meeting artificial goals or targets.
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Getting men involved in family planning: Experiences from an innovative program. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1036.
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This study was designed to determine the effect of interventions on accelerated proactive male involvement in family planning (FP) and factors influencing acceptance of male contraceptive methods. It was observed that a program can be successful if management cadres can be motivated and involved in the process. Other findings suggest the importance of education and communication materials, supply of information, orientation of fieldworkers, and mobilization of resources including hands-on refresher training. Misconceptions about male contraception (particularly vasectomy) are rampant in traditional Bangladeshi society, thus ideas should be positively expressed through visual aids. Among the various communications materials, at least one must be for service providers. According to this report, motivation is important in getting men involved in FP, as are efforts to create a male-friendly service delivery system at existing service delivery centers. Specially scheduled hours should be set aside for the provision of information and services to men, from the Health and Family Welfare Centers and at the community level.