Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Coût – Contrôle“
Geben Sie eine Quelle nach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard und anderen Zitierweisen an
Inhaltsverzeichnis
Machen Sie sich mit den Listen der aktuellen Artikel, Bücher, Dissertationen, Berichten und anderer wissenschaftlichen Quellen zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle" bekannt.
Neben jedem Werk im Literaturverzeichnis ist die Option "Zur Bibliographie hinzufügen" verfügbar. Nutzen Sie sie, wird Ihre bibliographische Angabe des gewählten Werkes nach der nötigen Zitierweise (APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver usw.) automatisch gestaltet.
Sie können auch den vollen Text der wissenschaftlichen Publikation im PDF-Format herunterladen und eine Online-Annotation der Arbeit lesen, wenn die relevanten Parameter in den Metadaten verfügbar sind.
Zeitschriftenartikel zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Camus, Emmanuel, und Arnaud Martrenchar. „Infection expérimentale de zébus guyanais avec Trypanosoma vivax“. Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 43, Nr. 4 (01.04.1990): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.8761.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La souche guyanaise de Trypanosoma vivax est pathogène pour le zébu guyanais de type Brahman : l'infection expérimentale de 19 bovins, agés d'un an, s'est traduite par de la fièvre (peu élevée et transitoire), une chute de l'hématocrite et une perte de poid rapide et marquée (10 à 17 kg en un mois par rapport aux 16 témoins). D'autres symptômes accompagne n t la parasitémie : diarrhée, ganglions hématiques sur le cou et le flanc, larmoiement, asthénie. Malgré un traitement trypanocide instauré un mois après l'infection, un bovin est mort et les autres n'ont pas retrouvé leur poids 3 mois plus tard. La sensibilité particulière des animaux au moment du sevrage est discutée ainsi que ses implications pour la lutte contre la trypanosomose.
2
Ezenwosu, C., N. W. Anizoba, C. C. Nwoga, M. O. Onodugo, M. C. Ogwuegbu, F. U. Udeh, A. V. Mmoegbunam und A. E. Onyimonyi. „Carcass and organ characteristics of broiler finisher chickens fed dietary inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, Nr. 2 (08.03.2022): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i2.3474.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Searching for a non-conventional and less competitive plant feed sources such as Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal to serve as an alternative in poultry nutrition will solve the problem of scarcity and high cost of convectional feed sources facing poultry production today. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal (TOLM) on the carcass and organ characteristics of finisher broiler chickens. A total of 120 Anak strain broiler birds at 28 days of age of mixed sexes were used. The birds at the completion of their fourth week were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 10 bird per replicate. The TOLM was included in feed and fed ad libitum to the birds in a completely randomized experimental design. The inclusion levels of TOLM in the feed were: T (control 1 diet) = 0 % TOLM. T = 0.5 % TOLM. T = 1 % TOLM and T = 1.5 % TOLM. The following 2 3 4 carcass and organ parameters were measured: dressed carcass, breast muscle, thigh muscle, wing, shank, head, neck, visceral, liver, intact gizzard, and empty gizzard and heart weights. Lengths of small intestines of the birds were also measured. The results obtained showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean values for dressed carcass weight, shank weight, breast muscle weight, thigh muscle, weight of head and neck. For organ parameters measured, visceral, liver, intact gizzard and heart weights values were not significant (p>0.05), while values for small intestine length and empty gizzard weights among the treatments were significant (p<0.05). Birds on TOLM diet improved significantly (p<0.05) in carcass and organ parameters measured compared with the control birds, while among the treatment groups, T birds recorded the highest(p<0.05) values in all the carcass and organ 4 parameters measured followed by T . Generally, there was an observed increase in carcass 3 and organ parameters as TOLM level in the diets increased. In conclusion 1.5 % level of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal was recommended due to its influence on carcass and organ parameters.
La recherche de sources d'alimentation végétales non conventionnelles et moins compétitives telles que la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis pour servir d'alternative à la nutrition de la volaille résoudra le problème de la rareté et du coût élevé des sources d'alimentation par convection auxquelles la production de volaille est confrontée aujourd'hui. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier l'effet des niveaux d'inclusion alimentaire de la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis (FFTO) sur les caractéristiques de la carcasse et des organes des poulets à griller en finition. Un total de 120 poulets à griller de souche Anak âgés de 28 jours de sexes mixtes ont été utilisés. Les oiseaux à la fin de leurquatrième semaine ont été assignés au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques, avec 30 oiseaux par traitement. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois avec 10 oiseaux par répétition. Le FFTO a été inclus dans les aliments et distribué ad libitum aux oiseaux dans une conception expérimentale complètement randomisée. Les niveaux d'inclusion de FFTO dans l'aliment étaient : T (régime témoin) = 0 % de FFTO. T = 0,5 % FFTO. T = 1 % FFTO 1 2 3 et T = 1,5 % FFTO. Les paramètres suivants de la carcasse et des organes ont été mesurés : 4 carcasse habillée, muscle de la poitrine, muscle de la cuisse, aile, jarret, tête, cou, viscéral, foie, gésier intact et poids du gésier et du cœur vides. La longueur des intestins grêles des oiseaux a également été mesurée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des différences significatives (p<0,05) dans les valeurs moyennes du poids de la carcasse habillée, du poids du jarret, du poids du muscle de la poitrine, du muscle de la cuisse, du poids de la tête et du cou. Pour les paramètres d'organes mesurés, les valeurs de poids des viscères, du foie, du gésier intact et du cœur n'étaient pas significatives (p>0,05), tandis que les valeurs de longueur de l'intestin grêle et de poids du gésier vide parmi les traitements étaient significatives (p<0,05). Les oiseaux sous régime FFTO ont amélioré de manière significative (p<0,05) les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés par rapport aux oiseaux témoins, tandis que parmi les groupes de traitement, les oiseaux T ont enregistré les 4 valeurs les plus élevées (p<0,05) pour tous les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés, suivis de T . En général, on a observé une augmentation des paramètres de la 3 carcasse et des organes à mesure que le niveau de FFTO dans les régimes augmentait. En conclusion, un niveau de 1,5 % de farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis a été recommandé en raison de son influence sur les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes.
3
Ezenwosu, C., N. W. Anizoba, C. C. Nwoga, M. O. Onodugo, M. C. Ogwuegbu, F. U. Udeh, A. V. Mmoegbunam und A. E. Onyimonyi. „Carcass and organ characteristics of broiler finisher chickens fed dietary inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, Nr. 3 (09.06.2022): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i3.3546.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Searching for a non-conventional and less competitive plant feed sources such as Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal to serve as an alternative in poultry nutrition will solve the problem of scarcity and high cost of convectional feed sources facing poultry production today. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary inclusion levels of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal (TOLM) on the carcass and organ characteristics of finisher broiler chickens. A total of 120 Anak strain broiler birds at 28 days of age of mixed sexes were used. The birds at the completion of their fourth week were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments, with 30 birds per treatment. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 10 birds per replicate. The TOLM was included in feed and fed ad libitum to the birds in a completely randomized experimental design. The inclusion levels of TOLM in the feed were: T1 (control diet) = 0 % TOLM. T2 = 0.5 % TOLM. T 3 = 1 % TOLM and T4 = 1.5 % TOLM. The following carcass and organ parameters were measured: dressed carcass, breast muscle, thigh muscle, wing, shank, head, neck, visceral, liver, intact gizzard, and empty gizzard and heart weights. Lengths of small intestines of the birds were also measured. The results obtained showed significant (p<0.05) differences in the mean values for dressed carcass weight, shank weight, breast muscle weight, thigh muscle, weight of head and neck. For organ parameters measured, visceral, liver, intact gizzard and heart weights values were not significant (p>0.05), while values for small intestine length and empty gizzard weights among the treatments were significant (p<0.05). Birds on TOLM diet improved significantly (p<0.05) in carcass and organ parameters measured compared with the control birds, while among bhbbthe treatment groups, T4 birds recorded the highest(p<0.05) values in all the carcass and organ parameters measured followed by T3 . Generally, there was an observed increase in carcass and organ parameters as TOLM level in the diets increased. In conclusion 1.5 % level of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal was recommended due to its influence on carcass and organ parameters.
La recherche de sources d'alimentation végétales non conventionnelles et moins compétitives telles que la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis pour servir d'alternative à la nutrition de la volaille résoudra le problème de la rareté et du coût élevé des sources d'alimentation par convection auxquelles la production de volaille est confrontée aujourd'hui. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier l'effet des niveaux d'inclusion alimentaire de la farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis (FFTO) sur les caractéristiques de la carcasse et des organes des poulets à griller en finition. Un total de 120 poulets à grillerde souche Anak âgés de 28 jours de sexes mixtes ont été utilisés. Les oiseaux à la fin de leur quatrième semaine ont été assignés au hasard à quatre traitements diététiques, avec 30 oiseaux par traitement. Chaque traitement a été répété trois fois avec 10 oiseaux par répétition. Le FFTO a été inclus dans les aliments et distribué ad libitum aux oiseaux dans une conception expérimentale complètement randomisée. Les niveaux d'inclusion de FFTO dans l'aliment étaient : T (régime témoin) = 0 % de FFTO. T = 0,5 % FFTO. T = 1 % FFTO 1 2 3 et T = 1,5 % FFTO. Les paramètres suivants de la carcasse et des organes ont été mesurés : 4 carcasse habillée, muscle de la poitrine, muscle de la cuisse, aile, jarret, tête, cou, viscéral, foie, gésier intact et poids du gésier et du cœur vides. La longueur des intestins grêles des oiseaux a également été mesurée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré des différences significatives (p<0,05) dans les valeurs moyennes du poids de la carcasse habillée, du poids du jarret, du poids du muscle de la poitrine, du muscle de la cuisse, du poids de la tête et du cou. Pour les paramètres d'organes mesurés, les valeurs de poids des viscères, du foie, du gésier intact et du cœur n'étaient pas significatives (p>0,05), tandis que les valeurs de longueur de l'intestin grêle et de poids du gésier vide parmi les traitements étaient significatives (p<0,05). Les oiseaux sous régime FFTO ont amélioré de manière significative (p<0,05) les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés par rapport aux oiseaux témoins, tandis que parmi les groupes de traitement, les oiseaux T ont enregistré les 4 valeurs les plus élevées (p<0,05) pour tous les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes mesurés, suivis de T . En général, on a observé une augmentation des paramètres de la 3 carcasse et des organes à mesure que le niveau de FFTO dans les régimes augmentait. En conclusion, un niveau de 1,5 % de farine de feuilles de Telfairia occidentalis a été recommandé en raison de son influence sur les paramètres de la carcasse et des organes.
4
Cardoso, Marinice O., Ademar P. de Oliveira, Walter E. Pereira und Adailson P. de Souza. „Growth, nutrition and yield of eggplant as affected by doses of cattle manure and magnesium thermophosphate plus cow urine“. Horticultura Brasileira 27, Nr. 3 (September 2009): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362009000300008.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The stem growth, nutrition, and fruit yield of eggplant grown with different doses of cattle manure (CM) and magnesium thermophosphate (MT) were studied, according to the Central Composite Matrix of Box (8.3-518; 8.3-3,018; 48.3-518; 48.3-3,018; 0.0-1,768; 56.6-1,768; 28.3-0.0; 28.3-3,536; 28.3-1,768). Potassium sulfate (KS) was also used (24 g plant-1), as well as a cow urine (COU) solution (10 L 100 L-1 H2O, 500 mL plant-1), applied five times in topdressing. Two additional treatments were used: MT without COU and triple superphosphate + urea (TS plus Ur), both with nutrient levels (CM, P2O5, and KS) corresponding to the combination 28.3-1,768. The experimental design was blocks at random, with three replications. CM doses improved plant height (PH) (29.1 t ha-1 of CM; 69.84 cm) and stem diameter (37.8 t ha-1; 19.8 mm), fitting into a quadratic model. However, due to the positive interaction between CM and MT, PH increased up to 86.87 cm when the same CM dose was combined with 3,536 kg ha-1 of MT. CM doses had also a quadratic effect over number of fruits, fruit production per plant, average fruit weight (AFW), and yield, with respective maximum values corresponding to 53.4 t ha-1 (13 fruit), 55.8 t ha-1 (2,822 g plant-1), 47.8 t ha-1 (210 g fruit-1), and 48.8 t ha-1 (34.3 t ha-1), without significant effects of MT. N and P foliar contents did not change with treatments. CM doses increased K, Ca, and S, and decreased Mg foliar contents. But, concerning Ca, was observed negative interaction of MT. COU showed no effect over the characteristics analyzed. The effect of TS + Ur was larger than that of MT + COU on PH and production indexes, except for AFW, but did not differ from them as to macronutrient foliar contents.
5
Roma Rejeki Nami Saragih, Christian Neni Purba und Asima Rohana Sinaga. „The Effect Of Jigsaw Teachnique On Students’ Writing Skill At Eeventh Grade Of SMA Negeri 5 Pematang Siantar“. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan dan Sosial 2, Nr. 4 (22.11.2023): 547–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.58540/jipsi.v2i4.461.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This research was carried out to find whether or not the effect of Jigsaw technique on students’ writing skill in Analytical Exposition Text at eeventh grade of SMA Negeri 5 Pematang Siantar. The research methodoogy used in this research was a quasi-experimental research. There were two classes taken as the samples of this research, class XI IPS 2 as the experimental class and class XI IPS 4 as the contro class. The mean score in experimental class from pre-test to post-test was 51,66 and 72,22. The mean score in contro class from pre-test to post-test was 54,44 and 61,66. The improvement as the experimental class got in post-test was 20,56 and as the contro class got in post-test was 7,22. The sum of standard deviation in experimental class was 2037,50 and in contro class was 3271,88. The data were colected by administering pre-test and post-test. The research findings showed that there was significant effect by using Jigsaw technique on students’ writing skill. It can be seen from the testing hypothesis, it showed that the t-test value (6,51) was higher than the t-table value (1,98) at leve of significance 5% with degree of freedom (df) was 70. This are by the score of post-test in both classes. The average post-test score in experimental class was 72,22 was higher than the average post-test score in contro class which was 51,66. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the writing skill between the students who are taught by using Jigsaw technique on Students’ writing skill in Analytical Exposition Texts and those who are taught without using it.
6
Kaur, Surinder, Stephen C. Alley, Matt Szapacs, Amanda Wilson, Eugene Ciccimaro, Dian Su, Neil Henderson et al. „2021 White Paper on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis: Mass Spec of Proteins, Extracellular Vesicles, CRISPR, Chiral Assays, Oligos; Nanomedicines Bioanalysis; ICH M10 Section 7.1; Non-Liquid & Rare Matrices; Regulatory Inputs (Part 1A – Recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC & Part 1B - Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine)“. Bioanalysis 14, Nr. 9 (Mai 2022): 505–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2022-0078.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The 15th edition of the Workshop on Recent Issues in Bioanalysis (15th WRIB) was held on 27 September to 1 October 2021. Even with a last-minute move from in-person to virtual, an overwhelmingly high number of nearly 900 professionals representing pharma and biotech companies, contract research organizations (CROs), and multiple regulatory agencies still eagerly convened to actively discuss the most current topics of interest in bioanalysis. The 15th WRIB included 3 Main Workshops and 7 Specialized Workshops that together spanned 1 week in order to allow exhaustive and thorough coverage of all major issues in bioanalysis, biomarkers, immunogenicity, gene therapy, cell therapy and vaccines. Moreover, in-depth workshops on biomarker assay development and validation (BAV) (focused on clarifying the confusion created by the increased use of the term “Context of Use – COU”); mass spectrometry of proteins (therapeutic, biomarker and transgene); state-of-the-art cytometry innovation and validation; and, critical reagent and positive control generation were the special features of the 15th edition. This 2021 White Paper encompasses recommendations emerging from the extensive discussions held during the workshop, and is aimed to provide the bioanalytical community with key information and practical solutions on topics and issues addressed, in an effort to enable advances in scientific excellence, improved quality and better regulatory compliance. Due to its length, the 2021 edition of this comprehensive White Paper has been divided into three parts for editorial reasons. This publication (Part 1A) covers the recommendations on Endogenous Compounds, Small Molecules, Complex Methods, Regulated Mass Spec of Large Molecules, Small Molecule, PoC. Part 1B covers the Regulatory Agencies' Inputs on Bioanalysis, Biomarkers, Immunogenicity, Gene & Cell Therapy and Vaccine. Part 2 (ISR for Biomarkers, Liquid Biopsies, Spectral Cytometry, Inhalation/Oral & Multispecific Biotherapeutics, Accuracy/LLOQ for Flow Cytometry) and Part 3 (TAb/NAb, Viral Vector CDx, Shedding Assays; CRISPR/Cas9 & CAR-T Immunogenicity; PCR & Vaccine Assay Performance; ADA Assay Comparabil ity & Cut Point Appropriateness) are published in volume 14 of Bioanalysis, issues 10 and 11 (2022), respectively.
7
Garcia, Dalia L., und Tamar H. Gollan. „15 Different Languages, Different Linguistic Markers: Predicting Which Bilinguals will Develop Alzheimer's Disease with Spontaneous Spoken Language“. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (November 2023): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561772300334x.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Objective:Spontaneous speech undergoes subtle but significant changes years before the onset of Alzheimer's dementia (AD). In monolinguals, these changes, or linguistic markers of AD, include the use of syntactically simpler structures, reduced lexical diversity, reduced semantic detail/specificity, and increased disfluencies (Ostrand & Gunstad, 2020; Slegers et al., 2018; Venneri et al., 2018). No studies have examined if bilinguals exhibit similar changes in their language output prior to diagnosis of AD though this question has important clinical relevance and can also shed light on which cognitive abilities decline first with AD pathology. Of particular interest, changes in semantic representations might affect both languages (because semantics are shared between the two), but changes in executive control might be more prominent in the nondominant language (because of interference from the dominant language).Participants and Methods:Seventeen older Spanish-English bilinguals completed an interview in which they described a picture in each language and answered a series of questions beginning with "warm-up" questions and progressing to questions that elicited higher level language (e.g., defending an opinion). All participants were considered cognitively healthy at the time of testing, but 8 participants later developed Alzheimer's Disease (i.e., converters) on average after 4.1 (SD=2.5) years, while 9 matched controls remained cognitively healthy on average for 5.7 (SD=3.6) years (for as long as they were followed). Converters and controls were matched for age, education, language proficiency, and cognitive status at the time of testing. Language samples were transcribed word for word and analyzed using the Systematic Analysis of Language (Miller & Iglesias, 2012).Results:Converters and controls were compared on measures of syntactic complexity, lexical diversity, abandoned utterances, errors, and disfluencies. In the dominant language, the number of different words (using a moving window average; a measure of lexical diversity), showed promise for classifying who would eventually convert (Area Under the Curve = 77), though the difference between converters and controls was significant only in a 1-tailed test (t(15)=-1.96, p=.034). In the nondominant language, converters showed a higher percent of Maze words compared to controls (2-tailed t (15) = 2.27, p = 0.039). Mazes combine repetitions, filled pauses, and revisions. Further exploration of Maze subcomponents revealed that filled pauses and revisions produced no differences between groups in either language (all ps3.18), but converters produced more repetitions (e.g., "the the boy" or "the cou-counter") than controls, (2-tailed t-tests in both languages were significant; ps <.03). However, variability in repetitions was high, making it less sensitive in the ROC analysis.Conclusions:Changes in bilinguals' spoken language output occur years before diagnosis, in agreement with literature on monolinguals. However, in bilinguals, the two languages may be differentially affected by cognitive changes. The dominant language may be more sensitive for discriminating groups possibly reflecting semantic decline and decreased ability to quickly access a variety of words. But changes in the nondominant language reveal a broader nature of cognitive deficits in prodromal AD, including decreased circumlocution abilities to avoid disfluencies when faced with word-finding difficulties.
8
Polovyi, V. M., L. A. Yashchenko, H. F. Rovna und B. V. Huk. „Biological CO2 cycle and organic carbon balance in maize (Zea mays) – soybean (Glycine hispida (Moench) Maxim.) agrocenosis in sod-podzolic soil“. Scientific Journal Grain Crops 7, Nr. 1 (2023): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0272.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Topicality. Today, the search for ways to accumulate organic carbon and restore soil fertility, as well as increase crop yield, is a topical issue for the sod-podzolic soils of Western Polissia. Purpose. To determine the intensity of CO2 emission and the organic carbon balance on sod-podzolic soil at different fertilizer rates in the maize-soybean link against the background of chemical amelioration with incorporation of by-products. Methods. We used such methods as a stationary field trial, comparative and calculation method to determine the accumulated and emitted CO2 by plants, analytical and calculation methods to determine the organic carbon balance. Results. The CO2 emissions from organic matter mineralization amounted to 5.01–5.45 t/ha by the recommended fertilizer rate and calculated by the normative method on the background of dolomite and limestone powder, which was 23.4–34.2 % higher than the control (without fertilizers). The CO2 emission into the atmosphere through plant mass mineralization, depending on fertilization and chemical amelioration, was in the range of 18.6–24.7 t/ha and exceeded the control (without fertilizers) and the background of 1.0 Hh (hydrolytic acidity) CaMg(CO3)2 by 1.2–2.0 times, which is associated with improved soil conditions, higher by-products mass and CO2 accumulation by plants. The highest amount of CO2 was accumulated by maize (64.8–65.0 t/ha) and soybean (15.0–15.8 t/ha) at combination of the fertilizer rate calculated by the normative method with microfertilizers on the background of dolomite flour. The application of calculated fertilizer rates on the background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2 provided an advantage in the formation of organic carbon in the soil, which formed a positive balance of 0.12 and 0.15 t/ha. In the variant without fertilizers and chemical amelioration, the ratio of total CO2 emissions into the atmosphere per 1 t of grain yield in the maize-soybean link was 4.65 and 4.62 units, while the application of the fertilizer rate calculated by the normative method against the background of 1.0 Hh CaMg(CO3)2 decreased to 3.78 and 3.89 units, respectively. Conclusions. For increasing the maize and soybean productivity on sod-podzolic loamy sandy soil, incorporation of plant mass into the soil with applying the fertiliser rates calculated by the standard method against the background of 1.0 Nh CaMg(CO3)2 is an effective method to control soil degradation that ensures the inclusion of additional organic carbon into the cycle, which is aimed at its fixation by forming a deficit-free balance of 0.12 and 0.15 t/ha. Key words: emission, organic carbon, productivity, fertilization, land amelioration, plant mass
9
Odetola, O. M., und O. O. Adetola. „Growth response, carcass analysis and sensory evaluation of meat from broiler chicken served acidified water“. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 49, Nr. 1 (25.02.2022): 284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v49i1.3427.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Due to the emergence of drugs resistance microorganisms, side effects of antimicrobials and harmful residual toxicity effects of drugs observed in food chain, there is an increasing trend towards the use of alternatives for the general health maintenance. This study was carried out using 135 day old arbor acre chicks to evaluate the growth response, carcass and sensory evaluation of meat obtained from broiler chickens served two different organic acids. The chicks after brooded for a period of seven days were randomly distributed into five treatments group of 27 chicks per treatment replicated thrice with 9 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment 1 served as the control without oral inclusion of organic acid, T had 2% citric acid, T had 4% citric acid, T had 2% acetic acid 2 3 4 and T had 4% acetic acid respectively while all administration was done two weeks at 5 starter phase and two weeks at finisher phase. parameter measured includes feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality percentage while two birds per replicate making 6 per treatment were randomly selected, slaughtered and dissected for carcass, meat quality and sensory evaluation respectively. Result obtained showed no significant (P >0.05) difference in all growth parameters measured. Significant (P< 0.05) differences were obtained on the mean value recorded for drumstick, wing, neck, head and gizzard among all carcass parameters measured. Higher (P< 0.05) values for drumstick was obtained on T2 (11.17) followed by T and T (10.65 and 10.67) while the least values was recorded for T and 1 4 3 T (9.54 and 10.10). The same trend was observed for gizzard. Significant (P< 0.05) 5 differences were obtained in cooking loss recorded on breast muscle and on chilling loss recorded on thigh muscle and drumstick across the treatment for all parameters measured for meat quality attributes. Sensory evaluation results revealed similarities in the values obtained for colour, appearance, flavor, texture, taste and overall acceptance. Conclusively, the inclusion of citric and acetic acid orally for broilers had no detrimental effect on growth performance but enhance the quality of the carcass.
En raison de l'émergence de micro-organismes résistants aux médicaments, des effets secondaires des antimicrobiens et des effets toxiques résiduels nocifs des médicaments observés dans la chaîne alimentaire, il existe une tendance croissante à l'utilisation d'alternatives pour le maintien de la santé générale. Cette étude a été réalisée en utilisant des poussins âgés de 135 jours pour évaluer la réponse de croissance, la carcasse et l'évaluation sensorielle de la viande obtenue à partir de poulets à griller servis avec deux acides organiques différents. Les poussins après avoir été couvés pendant une période de sept jours ont été répartis au hasard dans cinq groupes de traitements de 27 poussins par traitement répétés trois fois avec 9 oiseaux par répétition dans une conception complètement randomisée (CCR). Le traitement 1 a servi de contrôle sans inclusion orale d'acide organique, T avait 2 % d'acide citrique, T avait 4 % d'acide citrique, T avait 2 % d'acide 2 3 4 acétique et T avait 4 % d'acide acétique, respectivement, tandis que toute l'administration 5 était effectuée deux semaines à la phase de démarrage et deux semaines en phase finisher. Le paramètre mesuré comprend l'apport alimentaire, le gain de poids, l'indice de conversion alimentaire et le pourcentage de mortalité, tandis que deux oiseaux par répétition, soit 6 par traitement, ont été sélectionnés au hasard, abattus et disséqués pour la carcasse, la qualité de la viande et l'évaluation sensorielle, respectivement. Le résultat obtenu n'a montré aucune différence significative (P > 0,05) dans tous les paramètres de croissance mesurés. Des différences significatives (P < 0,05) ont été obtenues sur la valeur moyenne enregistrée pour le pilon, l'aile, le cou, la tête et le gésier parmi tous les paramètres de carcasse mesurés. Les valeurs les plus élevées (P < 0,05) pour le pilon ont été obtenues sur T2 (11,17) suivi de T1 et T4 (10,65 et 10,67) tandis que les valeurs les plus faibles ont été enregistrées pour T3 et T5 (9,54 et 10,10). La même tendance a été observée pour le gésier. Des différences significatives (P< 0,05) ont été obtenues dans la perte à la cuisson enregistrée sur le muscle de la poitrine et dans la perte au froid enregistrée sur le muscle de la cuisse et le pilon tout au long du traitement pour tous les paramètres mesurés pour les attributs de qualité de la viande. Les résultats de l'évaluation sensorielle ont révélé des similitudes dans les valeurs obtenues pour la couleur, l'apparence, la saveur, la texture, le goût et l'acceptation globale. En conclusion, l'inclusion d'acide citrique et acétique par voie orale pour les poulets de chair n'a eu aucun effet néfaste sur les performances de croissance mais a amélioré la qualité de la carcasse.
10
Kumar Das, Dibash. „CAR-T Cells to Control Multiple Myeloma Growth“. Oncology Times 46, Nr. 3 (März 2024): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cot.0001009944.34160.61.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleDissertationen zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Falcón, Beas Felipe Ernesto. „¿Pueden las células dendríticas maduradas con trimel activar células INKT contra melanoma humano?“ Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/168208.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Grado de doctor en ciencias biomédicas.Melanoma es la neoplasia cutánea más agresiva, con una incidencia ascendente a pesar de numerosos esfuerzos de prevención. En la actualidad existen diversas estrategias de tratamiento, sin embargo, no todos los pacientes responden a ellas. En nuestro laboratorio se ha ensayado una inmunoterapia basada en células dendríticas (DCs) maduradas con un lisado de líneas celulares de melanoma (TRIMEL), que ha incrementado hasta 3 veces la sobrevida en pacientes que desarrollan una respuesta inmunológica de hipersensibilidad retardada (DTH+). Hasta la fecha no se han desarrollado avances en el estudio de la fracción no peptídica de este lisado ni de su capacidad de activar células iNKT, capaces de reconocer antígenos glicolipídicas en contexto CD1d. Hipótesis: Células iNKT infiltran tumores de pacientes con melanoma avanzado y son capaces de ser activadas in vitro por células dendríticas utilizadas en inmunoterapia antitumoral. Objetivo General: Determinar el rol en pacientes con melanoma de células iNKT infiltrantes de tumor y activadas por células dendríticas maduradas ex vivo utilizadas en inmunoterapia antimelanoma. Métodos: Se determinaron células iNKT infiltrantes de tumor mediante inmunofluorescencia y se correlacionó su presencia en lesiones de melanoma primario en todos los estadios según Breslow con la sobrevida de la enfermedad. Se evaluó la capacidad de las fracciones glicolipídica y proteica de TRIMEL para inducir maduración en células dendríticas. Para este fin, las fracciones se obtuvieron mediante gradiente de densidad con MTBE (Metil-terbutil-éter) y se usaron para estimular DCs generadas en base a rhIL-4 y GM-CSF. En estas condiciones se evaluó la presencia de diversas moléculas de superficie y la producción de citoquinas. Para evaluar la capacidad de estas DCs de activar células iNKT, desde PBMC se aisló la población CD3+ mediante cell-sorting y cultivadas con distintas DCs generadas. Se analizó la proliferación celular utilizando el ensayo CFSE. También se evaluó la presencia de células iNKT mediante inmunofluorescencia en tacos de parafina de las DTH realizadas a pacientes de inmunoterapia. Resultados: Encontramos infiltración por células iNKT en todos los estadíos de la enfermedad, siendo mayor en Breslow avanzados, sin una correlación con la sobrevida global. Al evaluar la maduración de DCs, esta fue mayor en el grupo estimulada con la fracción peptídica de TRIMEL. DCs estimuladas con la fracción glicolipídica de TRIMEL no mostraron diferencias con la condición no tratada. Al evaluar mediante ensayo de proliferación realizado con CFSE, se evidenció mayor proliferación en la condición tratada con la fracción peptídica. Finalmente, sólo en 1 de 3 pacientes en los que se analizó la presencia de iNKT en las DTH se encontraron estas células. Conclusiones: unificando todos los hallazgos discutidos previamente, células iNKT infiltran tumores de melanoma, las que podrían ser inducidas a proliferar por DCs estimuladas con la fracción peptídica de TRIMEL y de esa forma migrar a sitios inflamados como representan las lesiones DTH.
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin tumor, with a growing incidence worldwide, despite of prevention strategies. Nowadays, there are several new therapies to treat it, however the overall survival continues to be low. Our lab has been studying a Dendritic Cell (DC) based immunotherapy maturated with a melanoma cell lines lysate (TRIMEL), which has increased survival up to 3 times in patients that developed a delayed type hypersensitivity response (DTH+). To this date no studies have been made regarding the non peptidic fraction of this lysate or its capability to activate a subpopulation of T Cells called iNKT cells, characterized by their ability to recognize glycolipids in a CD1d manner. Hypothesis: iNKT Cells infiltrate melanoma patient’s tumors and are capable to be activated in vitro by Dendritic cells Main Objective: To determinate the role of tumor infiltrating iNKT cells activated by matured Dendritic Cells ex vivo used in antimelanoma immunotherapy in melanoma patients Methods: The presence of tumor infiltrating iNKT Cells in primary melanoma in all of Breslow stages was evaluated by expression of TCR Vα24Jα18 by Immunofluorescence microscopy. To evaluate the capability of glycolipid and peptidic TRIMEL fraction to induce DCs maturation, they were isolated from TRIMEL using a MTBE (Metil-terbutil-ether) density gradient. Afterwards, these fractions were used to stimulate DCs generated with a rhIL-4 and GM-CSF protocol and surface molecules expression were assessed, as well as cytokine secretion. To evaluate DCs effectiveness to activate iNKT Cells’ proliferation, CD3+ population was isolated from Buffy Coats using cell-sorting technology and they were cultured with DCs. Proliferation was accessed with CFSE dye assay. Finally, DTH infiltrating iNKT cells were asessed in paraffined embedded samples by immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: We found that iNKT cells infiltrated melanoma tumors in every Breslow stage, with higher infiltration on advanced stages,with no correlation with overall survival. The peptidic fraction of TRIMEL induced higher expression of maturation related surface molecules in addition to cytokine secretion, whereas glycolipidic fraction showed no difference with the untreated condition. iNKT cell had a higher proliferation rate when cultured with DCs treated with the peptidic fraction of TRIMEL. And finally, we found the infiltration of iNKT in 1 of the 3 patients DTH. Conclusions: Taking together all the previous results, iNKT cells infiltrate melanoma Tumors, and they could be induced to proliferate by DCs stimulated with the peptidic fraction of TRIMEL and as well supporting their migration to inflamed tissues like the DTH samples.
2022
2
Correia, Wilkley Bezerra. „ContribuiÃÃes ao estudo de sistemas SISO e MIMO com atraso de transporte“. Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16268.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This work presents a contribution to the study of control of dead-time systems. Within this context, it is presented a literature review covering from the Smith predictor until its recent variations. For the state space representation dead-time is normally dealt under the discrete-time perspective, where it is included as state augmentation.
In the first case, this work proposes a novel control structure with simple tuning rules, able to deal with single input and output systems that presents multiple delays due to multiple internal paths. However, the design method allows the proposed structure to be readily applied for the single delay case.
The study is extended for the state space representation, where it is presented a modification to a predictor recently presented in literature, in order to use it as a predictor-observer within the state space representation. In this case, all the matrices involved in the observer have the same order as those of the plant, i. e., there is no need of the state augmentation to deal with dead-time. Hence, the well known techniques for the optimal and robust control may be applied for multivariable delayed systems. Besides, an alternative way of tuning for the LQG control, based on the T-polynomial approach, is proposed. In this case, the technique may be applied for both the delay free systems and dead-time systems. The latter by applying the modified predictor mentioned earlier in the observer structure. Additionally, it is also proposed a new predictor structure, based on the CARIMA model with T-polynomial, for dead-time systems.
This work is full of examples throughout the text which are suitable for both the control strategies studied herein and the proposed ones, applicable for stable, unstable or integrating systems, as well as multivariable systems. Case studies for laboratories plants validate the effectiveness of the discussed methods.Este trabalho apresenta uma contribuiÃÃo ao estudo de controle de sistemas dinÃmicos que exibem atraso de transporte. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se uma revisÃo bibliogrÃfica que traz desde o surgimento do preditor de Smith atà algumas de suas variaÃÃes mais recentes. Na representaÃÃo baseada em espaÃo de estados à comum que se tenha a abordagem em tempo discreto, em que o atraso de transporte à normalmente incluÃdo atravÃs do aumento da ordem do estado. No primeiro caso, este trabalho traz a proposta de uma nova estrutura de controle, de sintonia simplificada, capaz de lidar com sistemas de entrada e saÃda Ãnicas, mas que apresentam mÃltiplos atrasos em caminhos diversificados internamente. A metodologia considerada, entretanto, permite que a estrutura proposta possa ser facilmente aplicada a sistemas com atraso simples. O estudo à ampliado para a representaÃÃo em espaÃo de estados no tempo discreto, em que apresenta-se uma abordagem que leva à adaptaÃÃo de um preditor proposto recentemente na literatura para atuar como observador de estados. Neste caso, tem-se a vantagem de que todas as matrizes envolvidas tem a mesma ordem daquelas que descrevem o sistema, ou seja, nÃo hà aumento da ordem do estado. Assim, as tÃcnicas conhecidas de controle robusto e Ãtimo para a representaÃÃo em espaÃo de estados podem ser aplicadas a sistemas com mÃltiplas entradas e saÃdas. Apresenta-se ainda uma forma alternativa de sintonia do controle LQG, baseada no polinÃmio-T. Neste caso, a sintonia proposta pode ser aplicada tanto para sistemas sem atraso de transporte quanto para aqueles com atraso quando se considera a adaptaÃÃo da estrutura do preditor no observador de estados. AlÃm disso, este trabalho apresenta ainda a proposta de um novo preditor cuja estrutura à baseada no modelo CARIMA com polinÃmio-T, aplicado a sistemas com atraso de transporte. O trabalho à repleto de exemplos em que aplicam-se tanto as estratÃgias de controle estudadas quanto as propostas, a sistemas estÃveis, instÃveis ou integradores em malha aberta, bem como a sistemas multivariÃveis. Estudos de caso aplicados a plantas de laboratÃrio comprovam a eficiÃncia dos mÃtodos discutidos.
3
Dzik, Carlos. „Resposta imune contra HERV-K em pacientes com câncer de próstata localizado e metastático“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5146/tde-14122017-105022/.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Objetivo: Retrovirus Endógeno Humano (HERV) compreende ao redor de 8% do genoma humano. Apesar do fato de que em sua maioria são genes não-funcionais devido a processos de mutação ou perda de material genético no processo de retrotransposição, existem evidências do aumento da expressão de HERVs em tecido de câncer de próstata. Nós estudamos e comparamos a imunogenicidade de peptídeos da família HERV em 2 coortes de pacientes com câncer de próstata. Posteriormente examinamos o estado de ativação e senescência linfocitária nestas coortes. Desenho Experimental: Células Mononucleares de Sangue Periférico (CMSP) de 65 pacientes com câncer localizado da próstata em situação de hormônio-sensibilidade e de 24 pacientes com câncer de próstata metastático e em situação de resistência à castração, comparados a um grupo controle de 12 indivíduos normais foram avaliados em relação ao seu estado de resposta imune pela técnica de ELISPOT contra um conjunto de peptídeos derivados dos exons gag e env do gene da família HERV-K HML-2. Como parte de nosso estudo, foi realizado de forma preliminar uma análise genômica in silico de 500 pacientes com câncer de próstata sequenciados e disponíveis para análise pública do banco de dados TCGA, com o objetivo de reforçar o racional de nossa interrogação científica. Além disso , como estudo de correlação, fizemos uma análise por citometria de fluxo da ativação celular de linfócitos T de nossas coortes para determinarmos a imunofenotipagem e ontogenia linfocitária em nossos indivíduos investigados, no momento de nossa pesquisa de sua resposta imune. Resultados: Nossa análise da resposta imune contra peptídeos de HERV-K HML-2 por ELISPOT-Interferon Gama não mostrou nenhum resultado significativo. Nenhum paciente apresentou dados significativos de resposta de acordo com nossos critérios, apesar de nossos dados preliminares de expressão gênica terem mostrado expressão gênica em torno de 17% em pacientes com doença localizada. Nossos dados de ativação linfocitária mostraram maior ativação e senescência nos pacientes com doença disseminada e resistente à castração. Conclusões: Este parece ser o primeiro estudo a interrogar a presença de resposta celular imune contra peptídeos de HERV-K em pacientes com câncer de próstata. Nosso achados não mostraram resposta imune relevante em doença localizada ou disseminada e em diferentes estados de ativação linfocitária ou status de integridade hormonal. Apesar destes resultados, pesquisa posterior poderia utilizar diferente metodologia, como por exemplo a utilização de citometria de fluxo bem como a busca de diferentes citoquinas envolvidas, tais como as relacionadas a resposta Th2, ao invés de Th1Purpose: Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) comprises 8% of human genome. Despite the fact that most of it is non-functional due to mutations or loss of genetic material in the process of retrotransposition, there are some evidence of increased expression of HERV in prostate cancer tissue. We studied the cellular immunogenicity of peptides from HERV-K family in 2 cohorts of prostate cancer patients. Experimental Design: PBMCs from 65 patients with hormone-intact localized prostate cancer and 24 patients with castrate-metastatic disease, matched with 12 normal controls were evaluated for cellular immune response by ELLISPOT against a pool of gag and env peptides from HERV-K family of HML-2 type. As an independent supportive study we did in silico genomic analysis of 500 prostate cancer patients from TCGA database to give another evidence of the prevalence of HERV-K gene expression in prostate cancer genome, reinforcing the rational of our questions. Results: Our analysis of cellular immune response against HERV-K HML-2 peptides by Interferon-gama ELISPOT did not show any meaningful results. No patient showed any minimal criteria of response, despite the fact that in our preliminary genomic analysis we obtained HERV expression in about 17% of a cohort of 500 patients with localized prostate cancer. In regards to the flow cytometry data of the lymphocytes we showed stronger activation and senescence status in the cohort of patients with castration sensitive and resistant disseminated disease, compared to the localized disease cohort. Conclusions: To the authors\'s knowledge this is the first study to look for cellular immune response against peptides derived from coding HERV-K transcripts in prostate cancer patients. Our findings did not show relevant immune response in neither localized nor metastatic castrate prostate cancer patients. Despite those results, further research could continue using different methodology, like flow cytometry as well as looking for different cytokines involved, such as those related to a Th2 response, instead of Th1
4
Paciello, Maurício Oviedo. „Avaliação da resposta imunológica de uma formulação vacinal contra leishmaniose visceral constituída de peptídeos sintéticos da gp63 de leishmania major com predição para MHC-I/MHC-II“. Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/439.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A leishmaniose é considerada como uma das seis endemias prioritárias no mundo. Sua gravidade vai depender da espécie contaminante, podendo variar de uma lesão cutânea relativamente branda a uma infecção visceral que pode ser fatal na ausência de tratamento. Atualmente, um dos grandes desafios encontrados nos estudos acerca da crescente urbanização da leishmaniose visceral (LV), é o desenvolvimento de vacinas com elevada eficácia para induzir proteção contra infecção por Leishmania. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta imune humoral e celular de uma nova formulação vacinal contra a leishmaniose visceral (VL) usando hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) como modelo experimental. A formulação vacinal foi constituída por dois peptídeos sintéticos da protease gp63 na Leishmania major com alta predição de MHC-I e II. A preparação dos peptídeos teve início com a sua predição, utilizando o software SYFPEITHI, seguida da sintetize química destes, usando a metodologia de fase sólida, segundo o protocolo padrão de Merrifield (1963). A purificação e identificação dos peptídeos foi realizada por meio de cromatografia liquida sob condições de baixa pressão. Nove animais com idade de 4-8 semanas foram selecionados de forma aleatória e dividos em três grupos experimentais: o grupo controle, o grupo imunizado com o adjuvante montanide (ISA) e o grupo imunizado com a associação dos peptideos + ajuvante Montanide (Pep+ISA), cada grupo contendo três animais. Os inóculos dos diferentes grupos experimentais foram administrados via subcutânea em três doses vacinais em intervalos de 14 dias. O grupo controle recebeu 100 μL de solução salina estéril a 0,85%, o grupo ISA recebeu 30 μL do adjuvante oleoso Montanide ISA-61VG diluído em 70 μL de solução salina 0,85% e o grupo Pep+ISA recebeu 30 μL do peptídeo MHC-I + 30 μL do peptídeo MHC-II, emulsionados em 30 μL do adjuvante Montanide ISA-61VG e diluídos em 10 μL de solução salina 0,85%. Seis dias após a última dose da vacina, os animais foram sedados com Clortamina® (50 mg/mL) por via intraperitoneal e o sangue coletado para prosseguir com as análises hematológicas, bioquímicas e sorológica. Após 205 dias da última dose vacinal, os animais foram eutanasiados e seus baços coletados para avaliação da resposta linfoproliferativa. Os resultados bioquímicos demostraram que a composição vacinal não teve ação tóxica, apresentando níveis séricos de ureia, creatinina e das enzimas hepatocelulares dentro das taxas normalidade do funcionamento renal e hepático. A formulação vacinal também exibiu níveis significativos de anticorpos e a existência de memória imunológica, evidenciada pelo aumento da atividade linfoproliferativa nas culturas de esplenócitos, quando comparado o grupo que recebeu a vacina com os demais grupos experimentais.Leishmaniasis is considered one of the six endemics priority in the world. Its severity will depend on the contaminating species, and may range from a relatively mild cutaneous lesion to a visceral infection that can be fatal in the absence of treatment. Now a days, one of the major challenges encountered in studies of the increasing urbanization of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the development of highly effective vaccines to induce protection against Leishmania infection. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response of a new vaccine formulation against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) as an experimental model. The vaccine formulation consists of two synthetic peptides of the gp63 protease in Leishmania major with high prediction of MHC-I and II. The preparation of the peptides started with their prediction, using SYFPEITHI software, followed by their chemical synthesis, using the solid phase methodology, according to the standard protocol of Merrifield (1963). The peptides’ purification and identification of th was performed by liquid chromatography under low pressure conditions. Nine animals aged 4-8 weeks were randomly selected and divided into three experimental groups: the control group, the group immunized with the adjuvant montanide (ISA) and the group immunized with peptide + adjuvant montanide association (Pep + ISA), each group containing three animals. Inoculations of the different experimental groups were administered subcutaneously at three vaccine doses at 14 day intervals. The control group received 100 μL of 0.85% sterile saline, the ISA group received 30 μL of the Montanide ISA-61VG oily adjuvant diluted in 70 μL of 0.85% saline and the Pep + ISA group received 30 μL of the MHC-I peptide + 30 μL of the MHC-II peptide, emulsified in 30 μL of the Montanide ISA-61VG adjuvant and diluted in 10 μL of 0.85% saline solution. Six days after the last vaccine dose, the animals were sedated with Chlortamine® (50 mg / mL) intraperitoneally and the blood collected to proceed with hematological, biochemical and serological analyzes. After 205 days of the last vaccine dose, the animals were euthanized and their spleens collected for evaluation of the lymphoproliferative response. The biochemical results showed that the vaccine composition had no toxic action, presenting serum levels of urea, creatinine and hepatocellular enzymes within the normal range for renal and hepatic functioning. The vaccine formulation also showed significant levels of antibodies and the existence of immunological memory evidenced by the increase in lymphoproliferative activity in splenocyte cultures, when compared to the group that received the vaccine with the other experimental groups.
5
Fazolo, Tiago. „Vacina??o com pept?deo M209-223 do v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) promove uma resposta imune protetora contra infec??o e reduz a inflama??o no pulm?o“. Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7856.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-16T19:08:17Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-02-22T17:20:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T17:35:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Vers?o Final Tiago Fazolo 18_01_2018.pdf: 3827531 bytes, checksum: b081e8333d16cb49ba00d0df25dff485 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common etiologic agent in severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children. RSV-associated LRTI is the main cause of bronchiolitis, pneumonia and exacerbation of asthma. This infection is responsible for the high rates of hospitalizations related to respiratory diseases worldwide, especially in children younger than 2 years. Currently, annual mortality rate due to RSV infections is worrying worldwide and is estimated at approximately two hundred thousand cases. The treatment strategies to RSV infections are limited. Ribavirin is an approved drug for use in RSV infections, but its use is limited due to adverse side-effects and risks posed to health professionals who handle it. Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody which targets RSV F glycoprotein and its use is only indicated as a prophylactic measure. This treatment is already accepted in several countries for groups of high risk children (premature children, with chronic lung disease and with congenital heart disease). However, palivizumab has a high cost for public health and is not available in all countries. The development of an effective RSV vaccine to generate a long-lasting immunological memory response that prevents infection may be the best alternative because it will reduce high public health expenditures with antiviral drugs and monoclonal antibodies. The first attempt in the search for a vaccine against RSV was in the 1960s. This vaccine produced high levels of serum antibodies but could not protect against infection. Children who were vaccinated developed a more serious disease when later infected with the same virus. To date, there is no licensed vaccine for RSV, so the search for effective vaccines is an important focus of research. Natural RSV infections do not induce lasting protective memory, and multiple reinfections can occur lifetime. Nasal secretions from infected infants presented a small number of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood, an increase in interleukin 4 (IL-4) production and T helper type 2 (Th2) response. Treg cells are important for controlling an exacerbated increase in immune responses. A reduction of the Tregs caused by the RSV infection generates an exacerbation of the pulmonary disease due to a Th2 response. The M209-223 RSV peptide was identified to increase IFN-? production by peptide-specific CD4 T cells after challenge with the virus. The treatment with this peptide also induced an increase in pulmonary Treg frequency in infected mice. Recently, it has also been shown that Tregs aid in the development of a T CD8+ effector response, which is crucial for the control of RSV viral load. Our hypothesis is that the RSV M209-223 peptide impacts in the differentiation of CD4 T cells, increasing the population of specific Treg, reducing lung inflammation and modulating the anti-RSV immune response. This peptide in animal model induces the differentiation of specific Treg. Our findings suggest that vaccination with M209-223 peptide results in the differentiation of specific CD4 T cells into conventional effectors and Treg cells. Vaccination with this peptide decreased the expansion of a Th2 response in animals infected with RSV, protecting both the infection site and systemically. We believe that this approach could be an important component in vaccination strategies against this virus.
O v?rus sincicial respirat?rio (VSR) ? o agente etiol?gico mais comum nas infec??es graves do trato respirat?rio inferior (TRI) em crian?as. As infec??es do TRI associada com o VSR s?o a principal causa de bronquiolite, pneumonia e exacerba??o da asma. As TRI causadas pelo VSR s?o respons?veis pelas altas taxas das hospitaliza??es relacionadas ?s doen?as respirat?rias em todo o mundo, principalmente em crian?as menores de dois anos. Atualmente a taxa de mortalidade anual mundial devido ?s infec??es pelo VSR ? preocupante e ? estimada em aproximadamente duzentas mil crian?as. As estrat?gias de tratamento contra o VSR utilizadas s?o limitadas. A ribavirina ? um f?rmaco aprovado no uso para infec??es pelo VSR, por?m sua utiliza??o ? limitada devido aos efeitos secund?rios adversos e aos riscos que representam para os profissionais da sa?de que o manipulam. O palivizumabe ? um anticorpo monoclonal dirigido contra a glicoprote?na F do v?rus e sua utiliza??o ? apenas como medida profil?tica. Este tratamento j? ? aceito em v?rios pa?ses nos grupos de crian?as de alto risco (crian?as prematuras, com doen?a pulmonar cr?nica e com cardiopatia cong?nita). Entretanto o palivizumabe tem um alto custo para sa?de p?blica, n?o sendo disponibilizado em todos os pa?ses. O desenvolvimento de uma vacina eficaz contra o VSR pode ser a melhor alternativa, pois ao gerar resposta de mem?ria duradoura que previne a infec??o e reduz, desta forma, os altos gastos com a sa?de p?blica, com os f?rmacos antivirais e com os anticorpos monoclonais. A primeira tentativa na busca de uma vacina contra o VSR foi na d?cada de 60. A vacina produzida estimulou n?veis moderadamente elevados de anticorpos no soro, mas n?o conseguiu proteger contra ? infec??o. As crian?as que foram vacinadas desenvolveram uma doen?a mais grave quando mais tarde infectados com o v?rus. At? o presente momento n?o existe nenhuma vacina licenciada para o VSR. Desta forma, a busca de vacinas eficazes constitui um importante foco de pesquisa em todo mundo. As infec??es naturais pelo VSR n?o induzem mem?ria protetora duradoura, ocorrendo m?ltiplas reinfec??es ao longo da vida. Em crian?as infectadas, observou-se um n?mero reduzido de c?lulas T CD4+ regulat?rias (Treg) no sangue perif?rico, um aumento na produ??o de interleucina 4 (IL-4) e uma resposta T helper do tipo 2 (Th2) nas secre??es nasais. As c?lulas Treg s?o importantes para controlar um aumento exagerado da resposta imunol?gica. Por este fato acredita-se que quando h? uma redu??o das Tregs causada pela infec??o do VSR ocorre uma exacerba??o da doen?a pulmonar devido uma resposta Th2. Foi identificado que o pept?deo M209-223 do VSR aumenta a produ??o de IFN-? nas c?lulas T CD4+ ap?s o desafio com VSR. O tratamento com este mesmo pept?deo tamb?m apresentou um aumento na frequencia de c?lulas Treg ap?s infec??o prim?ria pelo VSR. Recentemente tamb?m foi demonstrado que as Tregs auxiliam no desenvolvimento de uma resposta efetora T CD8+, que ? crucial para o controle da carga viral do VSR. Nossa hip?tese ? que o pept?deo M209-223 do VSR influencia na diferencia??o das c?lulas T CD4+, aumentando a popula??o de c?lulas T efetoras e regulat?rias espec?ficas, reduzindo a inflama??o pulmonar e modulando a resposta imune. Os nossos resultados sugerem que a vacina??o com pept?deo M209-223 resulta na diferencia??o de c?lulas T CD4+ espec?ficas em efetoras convencionais, que produzem mais IFN-? e em c?lulas Treg. A vacina??o com este pept?deo diminuiu a expans?o de uma resposta Th2 nos animais infectados com o VSR, protegendo da inflama??o exacerbada tanto no local da infec??o como sistemicamente. Acreditamos que esta abordagem pode constituir um componente importante nas estrat?gias de vacina??o contra este v?rus.
6
Sharma, Manish. „Receptores iterativos para canais de acesso múltiplo ruidosos com N frequências e T usuários“. [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260834.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Orientador: Jaime PortugheisTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:51:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sharma_Manish_D.pdf: 1122815 bytes, checksum: ac184067a2eeb2f29617e0a5da608708 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o desempenho da recepção e detecção conjunta e iterativa para canais de acesso múltiplo. A análise se concentrou em torno de um canal ruidoso com N frequências compartilhado por T usuários. Encontramos valores para a capacidade do canal para detecção conjunta e individual. Embora a eficiência espectral do sistema seja relativamente baixa, a combinação deste fator com uma grande faixa de frequências permite altas taxas de transmissão com baixa relação sinal ruído. O receptor foi modelado como um grafo de fatores e foi analisado através de curvas EXIT, que também são utilizadas para otimizar os códigos corretores de erro dos usuários. Propomos alguns sistemas baseados nesta técnica e simulamos a sua probabilidade de erro de bit. Os resultados indicam que é possível transmitir informação com taxas próximas da capacidade do canal. Tanto o grafo do receptor como as análises subsequentes podem ser aplicadas para outros canais de acesso múltiplo, especialmente para sistemas com N símbolos de transmissão ortogonais.
Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyze the performance of iterative joint reception and detection for multi-user channels. The analysis is centered around an N-frequency MFSK noisy channel shared by T users. Channel capacity values are obtained for joint and single user detection. Although the system's spectral efficiency is low, high rates at low signal to noise ratio are achievable by using a wide-bandwidth channel. The receiver is modeled as a factor graph and analyzed by its EXIT charts, which were also used to analyze the users' error correcting codes. Some systems are proposed and simulated to obtain the bit error probability. Results indicate that it is possible to transmit information with rates close to channel capacity. The proposed receiver and the performed analysis can be applied to other types of multiple access channels, in particular for systems with N orthogonal transmission symbols.
Doutorado
Telecomunicações e Telemática
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
7
Bassolas, Molina Helena. „Resposta T específica contra antígens de la microbiota comensal en la malaltia de Crohn i inhibició de RORγt com a estratègia terapèutica“. Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666519.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una enfermedad Inflamatoria que puede afectar a cualquier parte del tracto digestivo. Aunque su etiología no está del todo clara, la hipótesis prevalente indica que se produce a causa de una pérdida de tolerancia contra la mlcrobiota comensal. La presencia de anticuerpos en el suero en un porcentaje importante de los pacientes con EC refuerza esta hipótesis. Esto sugiere que debe existir una respuesta T específica contra la microbiota comensal. No obstante, aunque las células T son consideradas uno de los elementos más importantes en la patogénesls de la EC, su especificidad antlgénlca y su naturaleza no se han estudiado con profundidad.
En el primer estudio se demuestra la existencia de células T memoria especificas para diferentes antígenos de la mlcroblota comensal en Individuos sanos y en pacientes con EC. Las células presentes en los enfermos presentan una mayor capacidad prollferatlva. Además, las células T CD4+ específicas para 3 proteínas de la mlcroblota comensal (FlaX, A4-fla2 y YldX), presentan un perfil Th17/Th1 únicamente en los pacientes con EC. Esta respuesta caracterizada por la producción de IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, CCL20, IFN-y y TNF-o promueve la sobreexpreslón de qulmloclnas capaces de atraer a células Thl 7 y a neutrófilos, siendo un mecanismo para amplificar y mantener la Inflamación en estos pacientes.
En el segundo estudio se testó un antagonista de RORyt (81119) que Inhibe de manera específica la transcripción de los genes relacionados con la vía Th17 en las PBMCs estimuladas con los antígenos derivados de la mlcroblota comensal. Sin embargo, este lnhlbidor ocasiona una sobreexpreslón de los genes relacionados con la vía de las células Treg pero preserva las respuestas Thl y Th2. Por otro lado, las criptas Intestinales que se hablan cultivado con los sobrenadantes que provenían de los linfocitos T CD4+ que se hablan tratado con el lnhlbldor, muestran una menor expresión de CXCLl, CXCL8 y CCL20. Además, el 81119 reduce significativamente la transcripción de Ill 7 y de IL26 en muestras que provienen de colon y de íleon de pacientes con EC, sin afectar la transcripción de IL22. El 81119 muestra un efecto más Intenso en las muestras fleales, ya que la expresión de los genes IL23R, CSF2, CXCL1, CXCL8 y S100A8 disminuye en presencia del antagonista, mientras que la expresión de DEFAS aumenta. Finalmente, el B1119 es capaz de reducir los marcadores cllnlcos, macroscópicos y moleculares de la colitis en un modelo experimental de esta enfermedad.
Asl pues, nuestros resultados muestran fa existencia de una respuesta T memoria contra la mlcrobiota comensal, así como también apoyan el desarrollo clínico de fármacos inhlbldores de RORyt para modular la vla Th17 en la EC.
8
Ferreira, Renato Kledson. „Constru??es com t?pico marcado em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos s?culos XVIII, XIX E XX“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2014. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16337.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
RenatoKF_DISSERT.pdf: 1459716 bytes, checksum: ca307f9c6e4626cb4ec352ece74b4ff5 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-04-16Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This dissertation is a research on the marked topic construction (CT) in Brazilian personal letters from eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The goal of our research is to verify if CT are present in the writing of Brazilians born in the centuries in question. Our research focus is based on the assumptions of generative theory (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), which states that grammar is internalized in the mind / brain of the writers, with the emphasis on studies of grammatical change, as pointed texts by Paix?o de Sousa (2004), Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti and Paix?o de Sousa (2006) and Martins (2009). Our corpus was extracted from Projeto Para a Hist?ria do Portugu?s Brasileiro (PHPB) and Cartas Brasileiras colet?nea de fontes para o estudo do portugu?s. We selected forty-six correspondents who should be inserted into the two criteria set out in this research: to be Brazilian and be born in the centuries mentioned above, so that we could find legitimate topic constructions of PB. This work is based on researches by Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Araujo (2006, 2009), Berlinck, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), which actively support us in the study of this linguistic phenomenon in Portuguese. The results show that the marked topic construction in our corpus appear on the writing of Brazilians since the second half of the eighteenth century, while the typical constructions in Brazilian Portuguese locative topic, subject topic and copy topic - are already reflected in the I-language of the writers born in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century
Esta disserta??o consiste em um estudo sobre as constru??es de t?pico marcado (CT) em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos s?culos XVIII, XIX e XX. O objetivo de nossa pesquisa ? verificar que CT est?o presentes na escrita de brasileiros nascidos nos s?culos em quest?o. O nosso foco de investiga??o se fundamenta nos pressupostos da teoria gerativa (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), a qual afirma que a gram?tica se encontra internalizada na mente/c?rebro dos missivistas, tendo como ?nfase os estudos acerca da mudan?a gramatical, conforme apontam os textos de Paix?o de Sousa (2004); Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti e Paix?o de Sousa (2006); e Martins (2009). O nosso c?rpus foi extra?do do Projeto Para a Hist?ria do Portugu?s Brasileiro (PHPB) e de Cartas Brasileiras colet?nea de fontes para o estudo do portugu?s. Selecionamos quarenta e seis missivistas que deveriam estar inseridos nos dois crit?rios estipulados nesta pesquisa: ser brasileiro e ter nascido nos s?culos mencionados, a fim de que pud?ssemos encontrar as CT leg?timas do PB. Este trabalho est? ancorado nas pesquisas de Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Ara?jo (2006; 2009), Berlinck, Duarte e Oliveira (2009), as quais nos respaldar?o no estudo desse fen?meno lingu?stico na l?ngua portuguesa. Os resultados mostram que as constru??es de t?pico marcado em nosso c?rpus aparecem na escrita de brasileiros desde a segunda metade do s?culo XVIII, enquanto que a constru??es t?picas do Portugu?s Brasileiro t?pico locativo, t?pico sujeito e t?pico c?pia j? se encontram refletida na l?ngua-I dos missivistas nascidos na segunda metade do s?culo XIX e na primeira do s?culo XX
9
Braz, ?rico Cadineli. „T?cnica de controle adaptativo robusto aplicada a filtros ativos de pot?ncia e paralelo“. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15318.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
EricoCB_DISSERT.pdf: 1960043 bytes, checksum: 7c0ebefa8d09683721a890c3c7d00bbb (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-03-26The Methods for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages have been widely used since these methods allow to reduce to acceptable levels the harmonic distortion in the voltages or currents in a power system, and also compensate reactive. The reduction of harmonics and reactive contributes to the reduction of losses in transmission lines and electrical machinery, increasing the power factor, reduce the occurrence of overvoltage and overcurrent. The active power filter is the most efficient method for compensation of harmonic currents and voltages. The active power filter is necessary to use current and voltage controllers loop. Conventionally, the current and voltage control loop of active filter has been done by proportional controllers integrative. This work, investigated the use of a robust adaptive control technique on the shunt active power filter current and voltage control loop to increase robustness and improve the performance of active filter to compensate for harmonics. The proposed control scheme is based on a combination of techniques for adaptive control pole placement and variable structure. The advantages of the proposed method over conventional ones are: lower total harmonic distortion, more flexibility, adaptability and robustness to the system. Moreover, the proposed control scheme improves the performance and improves the transient of active filter. The validation of the proposed technique was verified initially by a simulation program implemented in C++ language and then experimental results were obtained using a prototype three-phase active filter of 1 kVA
Os m?todos para compensa??o de correntes e tens?es harm?nicas v?m sendo bastante utilizados, visto que esses m?todos permitem reduzir a n?veis aceit?veis as distor??es harm?nicas nas tens?es ou correntes em um sistema el?trico de pot?ncia, e ainda, compensar reativos. A redu??o de harm?nicas e reativos contribuem para: a diminui??o das perdas nas linhas de transmiss?o e nas m?quinas el?tricas, o aumento do fator de pot?ncia e a redu??o de ocorr?ncias de sobretens?es e sobrecorrentes. O filtro ativo de pot?ncia ? o m?todo mais eficiente para compensa??o de correntes e tens?es harm?nicas. No filtro ativo de pot?ncia ? necess?ria a utiliza??o de controladores para as malhas de corrente e tens?o. Convencionalmente, o controle dessas malhas tem sido feito por controladores proporcionais integrativos. Neste trabalho, ? investigado o uso de uma t?cnica de controle adaptativo robusto nas malha de corrente e tens?o, do filtro ativo de pot?ncia em paralelo trif?sico, para aumentar a robustez e melhorar o desempenho desse filtro ativo na compensa??o de harm?nicos. A t?cnica de controle proposta ? baseada na combina??o das t?cnicas de controle adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los e de estrutura vari?vel. As vantagens do m?todo proposto sobre os convencionais s?o: menor taxa de distor??o harm?nica, maior flexibilidade, capacidade de adapta??o e robustez para o sistema. Al?m disso, a t?cnica de controle proposta aumenta o desempenho e melhora o transit?rio do filtro ativo. A valida??o da t?cnica proposta foi verificada inicialmente atrav?s de um programa de simula??o implementado em linguagem C ++ e em seguida foram obtidos resultados experimentais usando um prot?tipo de um filtro ativo trif?sico de 1 kVA
10
Polli, Horácio Beckert. „Controle vetorial indireto de um motor de indução com ligação Scott-T no estator utilizando o observador de modos deslizantes“. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2012. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1862.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Horacio B Polli.pdf: 1930439 bytes, checksum: e2cdd47fd6b93e6b07a2e903760c35a4 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2012-11-23Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
In this work is shown the study of the modeling and control of a two-phase induction machine with a Scott-T conection in the stator. The proposal is to use this type of motor in setups that uses single-phase induction machines where better efficiency and variable speed are desirable, for example, in appliances. The mathematical model of the motor is dissed and a transformation is presented in order to obtain a symmetrical model of the motor. Following, the indirect vector control and a slide mode observer are discussed. Simulation and experimental results are obtained, and the proposed control technique is analyzed.
Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo do modelamento e controle de um motor de indução bifásico com uma conexão Scott-T no estator. A proposta é utilizar esse tipo de motor em plataformas que utilizem motores monofásicos e se deseja a melhoria de eficiência e o uso de velocidade variável, como por exemplo, eletrodomésticos. O modelo matemático do motor é discutido e em seguida é apresentada uma transformação que faz com que o motor, a principio assimétrico, se torne simétrico. O controle vetorial indireto é discutido em sequência, assim como o observador de modos deslizantes para estimação de velocidade. Através de resultados de simulação e experimentais a técnica de controle proposta é analisada.
Bücher zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Fillon, Jean-François. Un mod'ele du cou^t du financement et du ratio d'endettement des entreprises non financi'eres. [Ottawa]: Bank of Canada, 1992.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
2
Perri, Pascal. La bataille du pouvoir d'achat: Comment la gagner. Paris: Eyrolles, 2008.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
3
Ruhmer, W. T. Handbook on the estimation of metallurgical process costs. 2. Aufl. Randburg: Mintek, 1996.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
4
Dormont, Brigitte. Les de penses de sante: Une augmentation salutaire ? Paris: E d. Rue d'Ulm, 2009.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
5
United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, Hrsg. Medicare's prospective payment system. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co., 1986.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
6
Kingma, Bruce R. The economics of information: A guide to economic and cost-benefit analysis for information professionals. Englewood, Colo: Libraries Unlimited, 1996.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
7
Baloo und Kenza Guennoun. Pourquoi la girafe a-t-elle un long cou ? Petit à petit, 2003.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
8
González González, Marlene Verónica, und Patricio Parra Sanhueza. Eficacia de tratamientos con árboles y trozas cebo para la detección y control de Tremex fuscicornis Fabr., en la zona central de Chile. [s.n.], 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/20.500.12220/19099.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
El presente estudio se inserta en el marco de una estrategia de manejo integrado empleada contra T. fuscicornis en Chile, que evalúa la eficacia de árboles y trozas cebo factibles de utilizar en las labores de detección y control
9
Bordiglioni, Stefano, und Federico Bertolucci. Cinque amici contro T-Rex-La pioggia di pietre bollenti. Dinodino. Avventure nel giurassico. Emme Edizioni, 2010.
Den vollen Inhalt der Quelle finden
10
Depa, Larisse, Larissa Depa, Crhisllane Vasconcelos, Vagner Fonseca und Diego Frias. Estudo do uso de códons nos vírus da Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya com foco em terapia por inibição seletiva de tRNAs contra arboviroses. Herausgegeben von Diego Mariano. Alfahelix, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51780/978-6-5992753-3-3.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
O vírus da dengue (DENV), o vírus da Zika (ZIKV) e o vírus da chikungunya (CHIKV) são espécies que apresentam relevância clínica para a saúde pública. Porém, ainda não existe um tratamento específico ou vacina disponível para esses arbovírus. Nesse contexto, é fundamental encontrar novos alvos terapêuticos que possam auxiliar estratégias e tratamentos mais eficientes. A metodologia de codon usage tem demonstrado bons resultados para encontrar alvos para terapias que visam inibidores de tradução. Este estudo buscou analisar o uso de códons e o equilíbrio entre a abundância relativa dos RNAs transportadores (tRNAs) para encontrar alvos terapêuticos que irão estimular novas alternativas de tratamento para infecções causadas pelos DENV, ZIKV e CHIKV. Para tanto, foi replicada uma estratégia computacional, assumindo uma terapia hipotética de inibição seletiva de tRNA (Selective Transport RNA Inhibition Therapy - STRIT), onde foi estabelecido um índice de potencial terapêutico (T-score) para encontrar potenciais espécies de tRNA que poderiam ser inibidas seletivamente para atenuar a replicação viral na célula hospedeira. Foram identificados os cinco códons com maior frequência relativa vírus/hospedeiro (mais relevantes para o vírus) nas seis espécies de arbovírus, notando que todos terminam com purinas A ou G. Os códons GGA (Glicina), AGA (Arginina) e ATA (Isoleucina) são relevantes em todos os flavivirus (ZIKV, DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4), mas não no alphavirus CHIKV, onde os códons ACG (Treonina) e CCG (Prolina) são os mais relevantes. Posteriormente, selecionando os cinco códons com maiores T-score nas seis espécies virais (30 códons em total) encontramos apenas 11 códons diferentes, todos terminados com A ou G. Agrupados segundo o nucleotídeo na primeira posição do códon estes 11 códons são: (AGA, ACA, ATA, ACG), (GGA, GCA, GTA, GCG), (CTA, CCG) e (TGG). No agrupamento, notamos outro fato intrigante: que 10 dos 11 códons mais bem ranqueados por T-score, terminam com GA, CA, TA ou CG. Nosso método identificou as espécies de tRNA (através da identificação do códon cognato com maior T-score), cuja inibição funcional por qualquer método específico a anticódon, poderia ter potenciais efeitos terapêuticos em células infectadas pelo vírus da Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya causando a inibição da tradução das proteínas do vírus sem ter um efeito deletério na sobrevivência das células hospedeiras durante o período da infeção. A predominância absoluta dos nucleotídeos A e G na terceira posição dos 11 códons com maior T-score, que por sua vez indica uma preferência dos arbovírus por 11 espécies de tRNA com C ou T na primeira posição do anticódon, abre um novo espaço de pesquisa na interação vírus-hospedeiro.
Buchteile zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Wing, James Badger, Christopher Tay und Shimon Sakaguchi. „Control of Regulatory T Cells by Co-signal Molecules“. In Co-signal Molecules in T Cell Activation, 179–210. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_7.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
2
Aquino Aguilar, Tamara, Teodulfo Aquino Bolaños, Yolanda Donají Ortiz Hernández, Gema Lugo Espinosa und Marco Aurelio Acevedo Ortiz. „Harina de Tenebrio molitor y Galleria mellonella para juveniles de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)“. In Rescatando la Producción Doméstica, 104–15. ASMIIA, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59955/97860769905069.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) en las primeras etapas de su desarrollo requiere mayor contenido proteico. Las harinas de insectos o plantas pueden ser una alternativa de alimento para la crianza de tilapia. En este estudio se evaluaron harinas de larvas de insectos durante la crianza de la tilapia. Se probaron tres harinas elaboradas con larvas de insectos: A) 100% Tenebrio molitor, B) 50% Tenebrio molitor + 25% soya + 25% trigo, C) 50% Galleria mellonella + 25% soya + 25% trigo y D) una harina de pescado comercial (control), en el crecimiento, aporte nutricional y sobrevivencia de la tilapia. Se empleó un diseño al azar con tres repeticiones y estanques de 1500 L de agua (12 estanques). En cada estanque se colocaron 30 crías de tilapia de 10 días de edad, las cuales fueron alimentadas durante 150 días con sus respectivas dietas. Las harinas con insectos de T. molitor y G. mellonella produjeron en la tilapia de 2.2 a 2.5 veces más contenido de proteína y sobrevivencia con respecto al control, pero el peso y talla de la tilapia con la dieta comercial fue mayor: de 18 a 40% y de 1.3 a 15% respectivamente. Se concluye que las harinas con T. molitor y G. mellonella pueden ser utilizadas para obtener tilapia con alto contenido proteico.
3
Silva, Tayane dos Santos, Daiane de Oliveira Grieser, Flávio Ferreira da Silva, Eveline Bezerra Souza, Priscila da Silva Castro, Aline Corrêa de Carvalho, Letícia Dias Lima Jedlicka und Pedro de Souza Quevedo. „TOXOPLASMOSE: OS RISCOS ADICIONAIS DA INFECÇÃO DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19“. In Pesquisa e Inovação em Ciências da Saúde, 41–51. Bookerfield Editora, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53268/bkf22050103.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Toxoplasmose é uma antropozoonose causada pelo protozoário Toxoplasma gondii, parasito intracelular obrigatório que tem por hospedeiros definitivos os membros da família Felidae. Todavia, também infecta diversos outros animais de sangue quente, correspondendo aos seus hospedeiros intermediários. A enfermidade apresenta caráter cosmopolita, em grande parte devido a capacidade de disseminação e baixa especificidade parasitária. Nesse sentido, estudos epidemiológicos estimam que até 90% da população humana já teve seu sistema imunológico desafiado pelo parasito. Cumpre salientar que, após a infecção o parasito pode se instalar nos tecidos e permanecer latente por toda a vida de seu hospedeiro, podendo ser reativado quando o sistema imunológico apresentar algum comprometimento. Entre os pacientes diagnosticados com Coronavírus-19, é observada uma alta resposta imunológica de linfócitos T, porém essa mesma resposta reflete uma acentuada linfopenia, com a elevação da produção de moléculas regulatórias PD-1 que atuam no apoptose dessas células, evento conhecido como “exaustão dos linfócitos”. Em paralelo, a infecção crônica de T. gondii também possui a particularidade de estimular a expressão de PD-1 e com a exaustão dessas células imunes é possível a reativação da Toxoplasmose. O diagnóstico é feito, primordialmente, com a pesquisa de anticorpos IgM e IgG, que indicam infecção aguda e contato ou infecção crônica, respectivamente. Diante do exposto, é notória a necessidade de investigações sorológicas para busca de infecções ativas por T. gondii na população em geral, visto que, embora as campanhas de vacinação contra o Coronavírus-19 avancem ao redor do planeta, seus efeitos deletérios à saúde humana ainda não são totalmente compreendidos e, infecções mistas com o protozoário não devem ser descartadas ou negligenciadas.
4
González Cisneros, América Lorena, Norma Angélica Pedraza Melo, Maritza Álvarez Herrera, Juan Ignacio Barajas Villarruel und Jesús Lavín Verástegui. „Capítulo 14: La caracterización del Aprendizaje Organizacional en Instituciones de Educación Media Superior“. In Gestión del conocimiento. Perspectiva multidisciplinaria (libro 65), 242–61. Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Nacional Experimental Sur del Lago, Jesús María Semprum (UNESUR), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59899/ges-cono-65-c14.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Se analiza el aprendizaje organizacional, mostrando los factores que lo caracterizan dentro de instituciones de educación media superior, así como la percepción de los entrevistados en las regiones (norte, centro y sur) y por género (hombre y mujer). La muestra utilizada implicó 505 docentes y administrativos en 23 planteles de Tamaulipas, México. Para determinar la estructura factorial, se aplicó el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (AFE) y herramientas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial (prueba t-student y ANOVA) y técnicas descriptivas. Los resultados arrojaron tres subcategorías: individual, en equipo y organizacional; además, por género no se perciben diferencias significativas, no así por región, en donde los resultados muestran que la zona centro valora negativamente el AO. Con esto, es recomendable que la gerencia educativa implemente estrateigas para fomentar el aprendizaje individual y de equipo, a fin de compartir experiencia, conocimiento e información que estimule la innovación y mejora de los procesos organizacionales.
5
ESTRADA-RUIZ, Rosa Hilda. „Desarrollo de sistema de control de reactivos con base en la inspección de la superficie de la espuma y su relación con el monitoreo del flujo de ganga en una columna de flotación“. In CIERMMI Mujeres en la ciencia T.2, 35–49. ECORFAN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/h.2019.2.35.49.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Llaja, Alex, Gleni Segura, Jenín Cortez und Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama. „Efecto de un cultivo de pre-maduración con roscovitina sobre la tasa de maduración in vitro de ovocitos porcinos“. In Agronegocios y Ganadería Sostenible, 221–28. Universidad del Zulia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38202/agronegocios11.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
La roscovitina es una purina conocida por ser un inhibidor farmacológico que inhibe de manera específica la actividad del factor promotor de la maduración en numerosos sistemas celulares incluyendo a los ovocitos. El objetivo en este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de un cultivo de pre-maduración con roscovitina sobre la tasa de maduración in vitro de ovocitos porcinos. Se aspiraron ovocitos de ovarios obtenidos de un centro de beneficio los cuales fueron transportados en NaCl 0,9% atemperado, los ovocitos extraídos fueron separados en dos grupos uno para maduración directa por 24h y otra para una pre-maduración con roscovitina (5 µM) por 24h y una maduración posterior de 24h. Se evaluó tasa de maduración (%) en los dos grupos evaluados, determinándose mediante la prueba T de Student que existe diferencia significativa (0,01) con 51.20% para el grupo experimental y 46% para el grupo control. Se concluye que realizar un cultivo de pre-maduración con roscovitina aumenta los porcentajes de maduración in vitro de ovocitos en porcinos.
7
Jhonatan, Hinojosa Mamani, Cariapaza Mamani Jhanet Yesenia, Calsina Calsina Benito Pepe, Callomamani Callomamani Juan Carlos, Mamani Gamarra Javier Elías, Catacora Lucana Edison und Tintaya Cari Carlos Gualberto. „EFICACIA DE CMAPTOOLS EN EL NIVEL DE COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA EN ESTUDIANTES DE PRIMARIA, PUNO – PERÚ“. In Considerações sobre o fazer docente, 181–96. Editora Científica Digital, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37885/240215683.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Objetivo: El presente estudio, tuvo como objetivo identificar la eficacia de cmaptools en la comprensión lectora en los estudiantes del cuarto ciclo de nivel primaria de Zepita. Métodos: El enfoque de investigación utilizada es cuantitativa, de tipo cuasi experimental en la que hubo dos grupos: control y experimental. La población la constituyeron 254 estudiantes del nivel primaria. La muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 48 estudiantes de los cuales cada grupo conformado por 24 estudiantes con características iguales. Resultados: El resultado se obtuvo a través de la aplicación de la prueba escrita de entra y salida. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el software estadístico SPSS 26. En los resultados obtenidos se determina que teniendo en cuenta los grados de libertad se logró obtener en T tabulada un 1,69 y T calculada el resultado de 6,1 demostrando estar en la región de rechazo. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, se concluyó que el cmaptools es eficaz en los niveles de comprensión lectora.
8
Cadigan, Sean T., und Jeffrey A. Hutchings. „Nineteenth-Century Expansion of the Newfoundland Fishery for Atlantic Cod: An Exploration of Underlying Causes“. In The Exploited Seas, 31–66. Liverpool University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780973007312.003.0003.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Sean T. Cadigan and Jeffrey A. Hutchings seek to answer why the Newfoundland Fishery expanded into waters off the Labrador coast. The factors they discover are a combination of the British strategy to boost imperial control; the need to utilise schooners otherwise idle outside of spring seal hunts; and, crucially, the ecological problems and declining catch rate of the inshore Newfoundland fishery, despire an increased fishing effort. They analyse extant literature, contemporary press accounts, and Newfoundland census data from 1845-1911 and conclude that the demographic growth of the area led to an ecological imbalance, which led to the investment in large schooners to travel further afield in search of cod.
9
Arias-Muñoz, Nieves, Ymelda Sarayasi-Alencastre, Sonia Pacco-Quispe, Isidora Masías-Quisiyupanqui und Lidia Vargas-Pancorbo. „Programa Allin Rimay para mejorar la oralidad de los estudiantes del sur andino del Perú“. In Actas del II Congreso Internacional de Innovación, Ciencia y Tecnología INUDI – UH, 2024, 633–58. Instituto Universitario de Innovación Ciencia y Tecnología Inudi Perú, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35622/inudi.c.02.37.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Este estudio se ha realizado con el propósito de establecer el efecto que tienen el Programa “Allin Rimay” en el progreso de la oralidad de los alumnos de primaria de la comunidad de Pongoña del distrito de Yanaoca de la provincia de Canas, Cusco, Perú. El estudio es cuantitativo, explicativo, cuasiexperimental. Para ello se trabajó con dos grupos uno experimental y otro de control. La muestra de estudio es de 20 estudiantes, 14 para el grupo experimental y 6 para el grupo control, en ambos casos las muestras fueron tomadas en forma no probabilística por conveniencia. Las dos instituciones elegidas son consideradas como escuelas bilingües, con parecidas características socio culturales. Para el recojo de información se usó la ficha de observación como prueba de entrada y salida. Se aplicó la T de student para medir el efecto del Programa Allin Rimay en la oralidad. La investigación confirmó que la intervención de los niños en las actividades verbales tiene efecto significativo en el desarrollo de su oralidad, ya que facilita la expansión del vocabulario, perfecciona la pronunciación, fortalece la memoria y fomenta habilidades de comunicación y relaciones interpersonales. Se llegó a la conclusión de que la implementación del programa Allin Rimay tuvo un efecto positivo en la mejora de la oralidad de los alumnos.
10
Letokhov, Vladilen. „Coherent laser control of molecules“. In Laser Control of Atoms and Molecules, 224–37. Oxford University PressOxford, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198528166.003.0012.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Abstract In Chapters 9–11, we have considered methods for incoherent control of atoms and molecules, whose realization relies on differences in their spectra. Of course, coherent effects inevitably manifest themselves in these methods, especially in the case of atoms, but with rare exceptions, they play no crucial role here. Noncoherent control was quite natural for the first stage of laser control, when the duration τ p of the laser pulses used is much longer than the coherence time T 2 of the quantum system being controlled. A typical case is that of polyatomic molecules (Chapter 11) in highly excited vibrational states and molecules in condensed media, where the relaxation time of the coherence induced by a coherent laser pulse falls within the subpicosecond range. The progress in the development of nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond pulsed lasers has led to the corresponding development of new avenues of noncoherent and coherent laser control of molecules (Fig. 12.1). The first wave of successful applications of lasers for the purpose of effecting noncoherent laser control of polyatomic molecules was associated with the development in the early 1970s of the relatively simple CO2 laser, generating high-power IR pulses in the range 9–11 μm with a duration of the order of 100 ns. The use of these lasers to excite vibrations in polyatomic molecules gave birth to multiphoton photoselective IR laser photochemistry, providing intermolecular selectivity, isotopic selectivity in particular (Chapter 11).
Konferenzberichte zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Lima, Maríllia Raphaella Cabral Fonseca de, Guilherme Antonio de Souza Silva, Leonardo Carvalho de Oliveira Cruz, Georon Ferreira de Sousa, Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros, Rodrigo Cesar Abreu de Aquino und Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo. „PERFIL DA RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA, EFICÁCIA E EFEITOS COLATERAIS DAS VACINAS EM USO CONTRA A COVID-19 NO BRASIL“. In XXVII Semana de Biomedicina Inovação e Ciência. Editora IME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/9786588884119/24.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução: Com a pandemia da COVID-19, doença causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV- 2¹, o desenvolvimento de uma vacina eficaz ocorreu em tempo recorde, exibindo bons resultados. As vacinas foram criadas com métodos variados, como: vetor viral recombinante, subunidade de proteína, vírus inativados e ácidos nucleicos. No Brasil, a vacinação foi iniciada em 17 de janeiro de 2021, com uso emergencial da CoronaVac e da AstraZeneca. Objetivos: Descrever o perfil da resposta imunológica, eficácia e efeitos colaterais das vacinas contra COVID-19 utilizadas no Brasil. Métodos: Foram selecionados artigos disponíveis na plataforma PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram artigos no idioma inglês, publicados nos anos de 2020-2021 com os seguintes descritores: Vacinação; COVID-19; Eficácia; Efeitos Colaterais; e Resposta Imunológica. Resultados/Discussão: A vacina de RNAm da Pfizer induziu elevados títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes para SARS-CoV-2 e resposta T CD4+/CD8+, com eficácia de 95% após a segunda dose, e os efeitos colaterais mais comuns foram fadiga e cefaléia². A AstraZeneca, vacina de adenovírus modificado, apresentou resposta imunológica humoral e celular, além de eficácia de 90% após a segunda dose, possuindo como efeitos adversos mais comuns mialgia, fadiga, cefaléia, dor no local da injeção e febre.³ A Janssen, vacina adenoviral (Ad26) de dose única, demonstrou produção de anticorpos neutralizantes, e resposta celular T CD4+/CD8+, apresentando eficácia variando de 67% a 85% de acordo com a gravidade do caso. Seus os principais efeitos adversos foram dor no local da injeção, cefaléia e fadiga.4 A Sputnik V, vacina adenoviral de imunização heteróloga (Ad26 primeira dose e Ad5 segunda dose), apresentou forte resposta humoral e de células T CD4+/CD8+, e eficácia de 91,4% após a segunda dose, sendo as principais reações adversas astenia, mialgia, artralgia, febre e cefaléia. A CoronaVac, vacina de vírus inteiro inativado, induziu a produção de anticorpos contra o SARS-CoV-2, além de uma resposta celular de linfócitos T produtores de IFN-γ, apresentou eficácia que variou entre 83,7% e 100% após a segunda dose, dependendo da gravidade, e a principal reação adversa foi a dor no local da aplicação.5 Conclusões: O perfil de resposta imunológica é, principalmente, produção de anticorpos neutralizantes e resposta T CD4+/CD8+. As eficácias das vacinas em uso no Brasil variam entre 66% - 91,4% após a imunização completa e o principal efeito colateral foi a cefaléia.
2
Padoin, Vitor L., Ana Paula S. Bastianello, Schaiane R. Machado, Meryane Fernandes, Lucas Teixeira und Marco A. Dalla Costa. „Análise e dimensionamento de circuitos moduladores para VLC“. In Seminar on Power Electronics and Control (SEPOC 2022). sepoc, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53316/sepoc2022.023.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
A comunicação por luz visível (VLC) utiliza a modulação da intensidade da luz para iluminação e transmissão de dados simultaneamente. O enfoque deste trabalho está na análise dos conversores lineares classe A, classe AB com Bias-T e classe AB com acoplamento magnético, sendo esse último uma contribuição inédita para o VLC. Para fundamentar este trabalho foram realizadas análises matemáticas dos cálculos de eficiência e de perdas dos conversores lineares classe A e classe AB, além do dimensionamento dos componentes passivos para o classe AB com Bias-T e Bias-S. A fim de comprovar os equacionamentos matemáticos, foram realizadas simulações elétricas do tipo SPICE, as quais validaram os cálculos e apresentaram resultados que indicaram que quanto maior a resistência-série para uma mesma variação de corrente, exigese uma maior excursão de tensão, e ainda que as eficiências médias para conversor classe A e AB resultaram em 95,65% e 99,48%, respectivamente. Contudo, o trabalho mostrou que uma estrutura de acoplamento com topologia Bias-S é vantajosa em relação à topologia Bias-T ao considerar o dimensionamento de componentes passivos, capacitor e acoplador magnético.
3
Valadão, Robson Cabral. „FORMAS DE DEFESA DO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO CONTRA DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MICRORGANISMOS“. In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6938.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução: O sistema imunológico precisa estar alerta contra a diversidade de microrganismos que entram em contato com o corpo humano e impedir que haja reações maléficas. Nossa primeira barreira imunológica, a pele, possui componentes moleculares e celulares envolvidos na imunidade inata. Caso essa primeira defesa falhe, muitas vezes pela ação do próprio microrganismo que já possui meios de driblar o ataque do nosso sistema, entra em cena outros componentes moleculares e celulares mais específicos, diversificados e potentes. Cada tipo de microrganismo causa uma reação diferenciada, seja a nível molecular ou celular. Objetivo: explanar como ocorre essa atuação específica do sistema imunológico frente a essa variedade de patógenos e seus próprios componentes de defesa. Metodologia: Foi utilizado como método uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos que tratam do tema na plataforma Scielo. Resultados: Para bactérias extracelulares temos as barreiras naturais, como pele e mucosas, imunidade inata com proteína C reativa, sistema complemento, células NK, neutrófilos, macrófagos, anticorpos, citocinas produzidas por células T e quimiocinas. Bactérias intracelulares podem estimular tanto células T CD4 quanto células T CD8. Os vírus, na fase inicial, a defesa é feita através da imunidade inata por macrófagos, células NK e interferons, dando sequência, a ativação da imunidade adaptativa, células T CD8 com sua função de citotoxicidade, tentando provocar lise celular e posteriormente opsonização do que restar da carga viral por meio dos anticorpos, sendo ativos pela participação também das células T CD4. Os protozoários escapam do sistema imune, principalmente do inato, por seus mecanismos de conservação para o parasitismo. Ativando então a imunidade adaptativa por APCs, atuando tanto células T CD4 quanto T CD8. Helmintos, devido ao tamanho e a diversidade metabólica, ativam múltiplos mecanismos da resposta imunológica, principalmente com produção de IgE e ação de eosinófilos. Conclusão: Os fungos ativam principalmente os fagócitos, que tendam destruí-los pela produção de NO e de outras citocinas. As morfologias, os tamanhos, seus componentes moleculares ligado a membrana e fisiologias diversas desses microrganismos impulsionaram nosso sistema imunológico a se adaptar e adquirir novos componentes, ao logo da evolução, justamente na tentativa de impedir qualquer invasão indesejada.
4
Braga, Hugo. „Minimum Weight Tree Spanner Problem“. In II Encontro de Teoria da Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/etc.2017.3201.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Seja (G; w; t) uma tripla formada por um grafo conexo G = (V; E) com uma função peso w definida sobre E, e um número real t > 1. Umaárvore t-spanner de G é umaárvore geradora H de G tal que para quaisquer pares de vértices u, v, a distância entre u e v em H é no máximo t vezes a distância entre u e v em G. Estudamos o problema daárvore spanner de custo mínimo, denotado por MWTS (acrõnimo de Minimum Weight Tree Spanner): dada uma tripla (G; w; t), encontrar em G umaárvore t-spanner que tenha o menor peso possível. Sabe-se que MWTS é NP-difícil para todo t 4, fixo. Propomos duas formulações lineares inteiras para o MWTS, baseadas em arborescências, de tamanho polinomial, e apresentamos resultados preliminares sobre os experimentos computacionais realizados com essas formulações.
5
Hosokawa, Shu, und Kazushi Nakano. „A reward allocation method for reinforcement learning in stabilizing control of T-inverted pendulum“. In 2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2012.6254305.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
6
Rodrigues, Maria Luíza Ferreira, Felipe Oliveira Fernandes De Souza, Kaendra Almeida Vale De Camargo, Lucas Fernandes Modesto und Luiza Helena Gremski. „VACINAS CONTRA SARS-COV-2: ALVOS MOLECULARES E MECANISMOS DE AÇÃO“. In I Congresso Nacional On-line de Biologia Celular e Estrutural. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/1955.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução: A pandemia do SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavírus 2, causador da Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave) tornou-se um grande desafio na área da saúde, pela alta taxa de transmissão viral e letalidade significativa. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de vacinas eficazes é essencial como abordagem decisiva para o controle da mortalidade e da própria pandemia. Assim, é necessário o entendimento de alguns princípios imunológicos, entre eles o mecanismo de ação e os alvos moleculares das vacinas, bem como o conhecimento do vírus e sua estrutura, principalmente suas proteínas “spike” (cuja função é mediar a entrada na célula hospedeira). Objetivos: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico referente às vacinas disponíveis e em desenvolvimento contra o SARS-Cov-2, destacando seus mecanismos de ação e alvos moleculares no processo de resposta imunológica. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura incluindo artigos em inglês relacionados ao desenvolvimento das vacinas contra o SARS-Cov-2, com ênfase nos aspectos imunopatológicos, publicados desde 2020. Como ferramenta de busca foi utilizada a base de dados eletrônica National Library of Medicine, utilizando-se os descritores: “COVID-19”; “Immune response”; “Immunopathology”; “SARS-CoV-2” e “Vaccines”. Resultados: Diversos mecanismos de ação foram estudados no desenvolvimento dessas vacinas. Vacinas de mRNA utilizam a transcrição e tradução, respectivamente, de glicoproteína S, S do tipo selvagem e proteínas estruturais S, M (membrana) e E (envelope) como antígenos do vírus para desencadear a resposta imunológica. Vacinas de Partículas Semelhantes a Vírus (Virus-Like Particles - VLPs) são estruturas proteicas que imitam a estrutura do vírus real sem capacidade infecciosa, induzindo resposta imune por meio da ativação células B ou T, com envolvimento de células T citotóxicas CD8+. Vacinas de vetores não replicantes utilizam comumente o vetor adenoviral para gerar respostas imunes humoral e celular. Há, também, vacinas à base de proteína recombinante e aquelas envolvendo o patógeno atenuado vivo, esta última promove a mesma resposta imune anterior. Por fim, vacinas inativadas utilizam inativação completa ou morte do patógeno para produção de anticorpos contra determinantes antigênicos de glicoproteína hemaglutinina na superfície do vírus. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento de vacinas contra COVID-19 caracterizou-se pelo aprimoramento biotecnológico, pois mecanismos citológicos foram estudados como fator imunológico.
7
Lima, Giovanna Rolim Pinheiro, Beatriz Vieira Loiola Coutinho, Pedro Quaranta Alves Cavalcanti, Raul Sancho De Carvalho Rocha und Silvia Fernandes Ribeiro Da Silva. „DESREGULAÇÃO DA CÉLULA DENDRÍTICA NA COVID-19: UMA REVISÃO LITERÁRIA“. In I Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/985.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução- As células dendríticas (CDs) são células apresentadoras de antígenos, consideradas mensageiras cruciais entre a imunidade inata e a adaptativa, possuindo papel central na defesa contra patógenos intracelulares. Em geral, a CD após capturar o vírus migra para os órgãos linfoides secundários, onde apresenta peptídeos e participa da diferenciação de linfócitos T. Acredita-se que o comprometimento da resposta efetiva dos linfócitos T está associada a disfunção das CDs na COVID-19. Objetivo- Avaliar a consequência da desregulação da CD na COVID-19. Material e métodos- Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico do período de 2020 e 2021 na base de dados da PubMed. Utilizou-se as palavras-chave “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” e “dendritic cells”. Foram excluídos artigos que não se referiam à participação da CD em casos graves de COVID-19. Somente 6 artigos abordaram o tema de forma satisfatória, sendo assim selecionados. Resultados- As CDs são amplamente distribuídas no trato respiratório, onde atuam como importantes sentinelas, mas também são alvos de infecções pelo SARS-CoV-2. Autópsias pós-morte de pacientes com COVID-19 mostraram que o SARS-CoV-2 acarreta morte celular em órgãos linfoides secundários, o que pode comprometer a apresentação antigênica. Foi relatado que o SARS-CoV-2 é capaz de ficar em estado de latência nas CDs, o que impossibilita a sua ativação e expressão de moléculas coestimuladoras, prejudicando a apresentação de peptídeos aos linfócitos T, como também a geração de linfócitos Th1, ocasionando uma redução da resposta imune celular e pior prognóstico. Além disso, o SARS-CoV-2 pode desregular a CD, estimulando a produção de grandes quantidades de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNF-α, IL-6 e IL-8), chamada de tempestade de citocinas que, associada a uma resposta anti-viral inadequada, contribui para a inflamação exacerbada observada na COVID grave. Por outro lado, foi mostrado uma correlação entre a ativação de CDs por trombina-PAR-1 e a hipercoagulabilidade em casos graves da COVID-19. Conclusão- As CDs dendríticas possuem papel crucial na imunidade celular e no bom prognóstico da COVID-19. Porém, a sua disfunção, induzida pelo SARS-CoV-2, pode comprometer a resposta de linfócitos T e exacerbar a inflamação. Faz-se necessário a realização de mais estudos acerca da correlação dessa disfunção com o pior prognóstico da COVID.
8
Xiong, Weiqing, und Tianbao Li. „Evolutionary game analysis on opportunistic behavior of purchasing alliance with Con t ract mechanism“. In 2012 10th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2012.6357921.
Der volle Inhalt der Quelle
9
Miranda, Inaiê Maiala De Almeida, ANA GABRIELA DA SILVA FARIAS, VANESSA FARIA DE ALMEIDA SCHNEIDER, LARISSA DE LIMA NUNES und PAULO EDUARDO PRZYSIEZNY. „EFICÁCIA E MECANISMO DE FUNCIONAMENTO DAS CÉLULAS CD19 CAR T NO TRATAMENTO DE CÂNCER HEMATOLÓGICO“. In II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6313.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução: As CD19 CAR T são células reprogramadas por um transgene que codifica um receptor de antígeno quimérico (CAR) para identificar os receptores CD19 expressos em células malignas. A expansão clonal e diferenciação de T virgens ocorre a partir da ligação de MHC I associado a um antígeno e pela ligação de moléculas B7 do tipo 1 (CD80) e do tipo 2 (CD86) expresso pelas APCs aos co-receptores CD28 das células T. Na produção de células CAR T, o receptor CD19 transmutado é enviado para as células por vetor retroviral, sofrem seleção positiva na presença de IL-7, IL-21. A atividade citotóxica das células CAR T se diferenciam das TCD8+ por dispensarem a ligação com MHC I, que em células cancerígenas pode estar regulado negativamente. Os cânceres hematológicos consistem em um grupo heterogêneo de doenças agressivas que atingem as células da linhagem mielóide e linfóide, são separados em grupos de linfoma Hodgkin e não-Hodgkin, leucemia linfóide e leucemia mielóide. Objetivo: Esse estudo visa verificar a eficácia e o mecanismo de funcionamento das cd19 CAR T no tratamento de câncer hematológico, devido a importância da imunoterapia e a recente aprovação do imunoterápico dessa classe, o Kymriah® (tisagenlecleucel), pela ANVISA para cânceres hematológicos em fevereiro de 2022. Metodologia: Foi buscado no PubMed “CD19-CART cells AND immunotherapy AND hematologic cancer”. Foram encontrados 40 artigos, após análise em pares, 19 deles foram selecionados com compatibilidade com o tema. Resultados: 18 artigos apontaram que o tratamento de câncer hematológico com células CD19 CAR T é uma revolução e possui excelentes resultados contra alguns cânceres específicos. Esses trabalhos reforçam que é preciso melhorar os mecanismos de ação dessas células e ter mais estudos para confirmar sua segurança. 1 estudo trouxe os resultados como inconclusivos. Conclusão: O tratamento de câncer hematológico com células CD19 CAR T é extremamente eficaz, contudo, há importantes falhas no mecanismo de ação, como a perda do receptor CD19 e a recaída de antígeno positivo. Assim, há a necessidade de continuar as pesquisas sobre os melhores mecanismos de ação das CD19 CAR T, como associar receptores (CD22; CD137; PD-1/CD28) para aumentar a eficácia..
10
Castro, Gleucinei Dos Santos, Jéssica Venancia Farias Rangel, Thiago Fernandes Sousa, Hector Henrique Ferreira Koolen und Gilvan Ferreira Da Silva. „BIOATIVOS AMAZÔNICOS: ANÁLISE IN VITRO DE ISOLADOS DE TRICHODERMA AMAZONICUM 38A E 38B CONTRA MONILIOPHTHORA PERNICIOSA AGENTE CAUSAL DA VASSOURA-DE-BRUXA“. In II Congresso Brasileiro de Biotecnologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/conbiotec/55.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Introdução Moniliophthora perniciosa é o agente causal da vassoura de bruxa em espécies economicamente importantes como cacaueiro. Em termos de hospedeiros M. perniciosa que pode causar doenças em mais de 400 espécies vegetais. O controle químico de M. perniciosa tem favorecido o surgimento de linhagens resistentes a fungicidas. Objetivo: prospectar de ativos biológicos com atividade antifúngica contra M. perniciosa. Metodologia: Dois Trichoderma obtidos de açaí (Euterpe precatoria) MMSRG 38A isolado da casca interna e MMSRG 38B casca externa foram avaliados contra M. perniciosa. Os fungos foram crescidos por 7 (sete) dias em meio BDA, e plugs de 8 mm foram retirados da região periférica e inoculados em lados opostos da placa espaçados 5 cm e incubados a 25°C com fotoperíodo de 12 horas por 7 dias. Como controle, foi utilizado o patógeno sem pareamento com os isolados de Trichoderma. a inibição do crescimento micelial foi calculada pela fórmula: Inibição (%) =((C-T)/C).100. Onde, C: Área do controle e T: Área da colônia pareada, a qual foi mensurada com auxílio do software ImageJ. Os resultados passaram por análise de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott com 5% de significância. A identificação molecular foi com base em análises filogenéticas usando sequências parciais dos genes tef1-α e rpb2. O acesso ao patrimônio genético foi autorizado pelo SISGEN Nº A5F89AB. Resultados: A análise filogenética revelou que os isolados MMSRG 38A e 38B pertencem a espécie Trichoderma amazonicum que foi descrito pela primeira vez como endofítico em Hevea brasiliensis (seringueira) na bacia amazônica peruana. Esses isolados apresentaram antagonismo com inibição do crescimento micelial de M. perniciosa de 43% (38b) e 67% (38a), em adição, esses isolados apresentaram um padrão de crescimento sobre a colônia de M. perniciosa, indicando possível micoparasitismo. Espécies de Trichoderma são notórias fontes para o desenvolvimento de produtos biológicos contra diversos patógenos ao redor do mundo. Conclusão: O presente estudo revela o potencial de T. amazonicum no controle in vitro de M. perniciosa e aponta os isolados como candidatos ao desenvolvimento de bioinsumos.
Berichte der Organisationen zum Thema "Coût – Contrôle"
1
Cely Pardo, Liliana, Nancy Barreto Triana, Juan D. Santa und Olga Y. Pérez. Genotypes of potato F1 (andigenas x cultivars) selected in second cycle for resistance to Tecia solanivora (Povolný) and tolerance to Phytophthora infestans. Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2015.4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Hay algunos estudios sobre la resistencia a Tecia solanivora en papas nativas, clones avanzados y transformados. Actualmente, la única estrategia es el control químico con un alto impacto negativo en el medio ambiente y en los consumidores del producto, por lo tanto, la resistencia genética se ha convertido en una alternativa eficiente de gestión integrada. El objetivo de este estudio fue seleccionar genotipos F1 de papa obtenidos a partir de cruces de nueve variedades nativas x ocho cultivares comerciales, por sus características de resistencia a T. solanivora, P. infestans y/o rendimiento
2
Chambers. PR-348-09602-R01 Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), März 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010546.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
This report summarizes results of the research study titled, �Determine New Design and Construction Techniques for Transportation of Ethanol and Ethanol/Gasoline Blends in New Pipelines� (WP #394 / DTPH56-09-T-000003). It was prepared for the United States Department of Transportation, Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, Office of Pipeline Safety. The technical tasks in this study included activities to characterize the impact of selected metallurgical processing and fabrication variables on ethanol stress corrosion cracking (ethanol SCC) of new pipeline steels, develop a better understanding of conditions that cause susceptibility to ethanol SCC in fuel grade ethanol (FGE) to support better monitoring and control, and develop data / insights to provide industry-recognized standards and guidelines to reduce the occurrence of ethanol SCC. This research was approached through a collaboration of Honeywell Process Solutions (Honeywell), the Edison Welding Institute (EWI), and Electricore Inc. (prime contractor) with oversight and co-funding by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) and Colonial Pipeline. The program's tasks were as follows: Evaluation of Steel Microstructure Effect on Ethanol SCC Resistance Effects of Welding and Residual Stress Evaluation of Surface Treatment Effects Evaluate Effects of Pipe Manufacturing Process Specification of Polymeric Materials for New Construction Control and Monitoring of Oxygen Uptake Internal Corrosion Monitoring Standardization of SCC Test Methods Roadmap for Industry Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Pipeline Handling of FGE
3
Rincón Acevedo, Claudia Yaneth, Ricardo Andrés Caicedo, Susanne Carolina Ardila Roldán, Margy Lorena Segura, Carmen Enith Pedroza, Primi Cecilia Copete Rengifo und Jhon Jairo González Duque. Nuevo foco de enfermedad de Chagas agudo en departamento no endémico: Chocó - Colombia, 2018. Instituto Nacional de Salud, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33610/01229907.2019v1n2a4.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Antecedentes: Chocó, departamento no endémico para la enfermedad de Chagas, notificó el primer caso en fase aguda procedente de Rio Iró. En esta región históricamente endémica para malaria, la identificación del primer caso de enfermedad de Chagas implicó todo un reto para la vigilancia en salud pública. El objetivo del estudio fue describir el brote de enfermedad de Chagas, identificar la vía de transmisión y recomendar acciones de prevención y control. Materiales y métodos: Investigación de brote mediante: búsqueda de personas sintomáticas, toma de muestras serológicas; aplicación de encuesta entomológica, inspección sanitaria. Análisis de datos mediante estadística descriptiva con el programa Epi-Info 7.2.2™. Resultados: El caso agudo correspondió a una menor de 12 años con cuadro clínico de 8 días de evolución consistente en fiebre, astenia, adinamia, malestar general, vómito y escalofrío y diagnosticada a través de gota gruesa positiva para Trypanosoma sp. Con la investigación se identificó el primer caso crónico en un menor de 10 años contacto cercano del caso índice. Se tomaron 24 muestras con resultado negativo para T. cruzi. Los pacientes recibieron tratamiento etiológico con condición final vivo. No se encontró infestación intra domiciliar de triatominos; por búsqueda comunitaria se identificó Pastrongylus geniculatus en el peridomicilio de las viviendas de los niños afectados. Condiciones sanitarias deficientes, viviendas con paredes de madera, piso de tierra, almacenamiento de leña en intradomicilio y antecedentes de avistamiento y consumo ocasional de zarigüeyas. Conclusiones: Se identificaron los dos primeros casos de enfermedad de Chagas en el municipio de Rio Iró, un caso agudo y uno crónico en niños de 12 y 10 años respectivamente. Se interroga transmisión vectorial u oral. Con estos casos se configura un foco de enfermedad de Chagas en esta comunidad y abre la puerta a futuras intervenciones e investigaciones en el tema.
4
Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin und Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, Juli 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
5
García, Gustavo A., Mónica Calijuri, Mónica Calijuri und Juan José Bravo. Documentos tributarios electrónicos y big data económica para el control tributario y aduanero: uso intensivo de los documentos tributarios electrónicos para combatir la evasión y elusión fiscal y los delitos aduaneros en América Latina y el Caribe: T. 1. Herausgegeben von Gustavo A. García. Inter-American Development Bank, Juli 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004998.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
El primer tomo de la serie Documentos tributarios electrónicos y big data económica para el control tributario y aduanero presenta una visión panorámica de la tributación en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC), en la que resaltan la magnitud y complejidad de la evasión y elusión fiscal. A pesar de varios logros importantes de las administraciones tributarias y aduaneras (ATyA), como la adopción de la factura electrónica (F-e) de segunda generación, que es uno de los avances más destacados por su efecto positivo en la recaudación del impuesto al valor agregado (IVA), su impacto ha sido limitado. También se explican los motivos que limitan el potencial de la F-e de segunda generación y la necesidad de complementarla con la factura electrónica de comercio exterior (F-eCX) y la declaración única de aduanas electrónica (DUA-e), además de otras prácticas de administración tributaria y gestión aduanera. Se destaca la necesidad de implementar el conjunto de los documentos tributarios electrónicos (DT-e), el uso de bases de datos estructuradas y la masificación de la fiscalización electrónica tributaria y aduanera basada en riesgo. Finalmente, se describe el conjunto de los DT-e para lograr un enfoque integrado del sistema impositivo y disponer de la información de todas las operaciones comerciales y financieras de los contribuyentes, de manera de acercar la declaración y pagos de los impuestos a los eventos económicos que los generan.
6
Boily-Auclair, É., P. Mercier-Langevin, P. S. Ross und D. Pitre. Alteration and ore assemblages of the LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) deposit and Ellison mineralized zones, Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp, Abitibi, Quebec. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329637.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The LaRonde Zone 5 (LZ5) mine is part of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp and is located in the southern part of the Abitibi greenstone belt in northwestern Quebec. The LZ5 deposit consists of three stacked mineralized corridors: Zone 4, Zone 4.1, and Zone 5. Zones 4 and 4.1 are discontinuous satellite mineralized corridors, whereas Zone 5 represents the main mineralized body. The mineralized zones of the LZ5 deposit and adjacent Ellison property (Ellison A and B zones) are hosted in the strongly-deformed, 2699-2695 Ma transitional to calcalkaline, intermediate to felsic, volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Bousquet Formation upper member, which is part of the Blake River Group (2704-2695 Ma). Zones 4, 4.1, and 5 at the LZ5 mine are hosted in intermediate volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood andesitic to rhyodacitic unit (unit 5.1a), which forms the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation. The Ellison Zone A is hosted higher up in the stratigraphic sequence within a newly described intermediate volcanic unit. The Ellison Zone B is hosted in felsic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of the Westwood feldsparphyric rhyolite dome (subunit 5.3a-(b)). Mineralization in all three zones of the LZ5 deposit consists of discordant networks of millimeter- to centimeter-thick pyrite ±chalcopyrite ±sphalerite ±pyrrhotite veins and veinlets (10-20 % of the volume of the rock) and, to a lesser extent, very finely disseminated pyrite and boudinaged veins (less than or equal to 5 vol. % each) in strongly altered host rocks. Gold commonly occurs as microscopic inclusions in granoblastic pyrite and at the triple junction between recrystallized grains. The veins, stockworks, and disseminations were intensely folded and transposed in the steeply south-dipping, east-west trending S2 foliation. The vein network is at least partly discordant to the stratigraphy. A distal alteration halo envelops the LZ5 mineralized corridors and consists of a sericite-carbonate-chlorite- feldspar ±biotite assemblage. A proximal sericite-carbonate-chlorite-pyrite-quartz- feldspar-biotite ±epidote alteration assemblage is present within the LZ5 mineralized zones. A local proximal alteration assemblage of sericite-quartz-pyrite is also locally developed within Zone 4 and Zone 5 of the LZ5 deposit. Mass gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O, and mass losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and locally SiO2, are characteristic of the LZ5 alteration zones. The Ellison zone A and B are similar to LZ5 in terms of style of mineralization, but thin (10-20 cm) veins or bands of semi-massive to massive, finely recrystallized disseminated pyrite (0.1-1 mm) are distinctive. Chalcopyrite and sphalerite are also slightly more abundant in the mineralized corridors of the Ellison property and are usually associated with elevated gold grades. The zones are also slightly richer than at LZ5 in terms of gold and silver content, but narrower and less continuous in general. The Ellison Zone A is characterized by gains in Fe2O3 (t) and K2O and losses in CaO, MgO, Na2O, and SiO2. Gains in Fe2O3 (t) and local gains in K2O, MgO, and MnO, and losses in CO2, Na2O, P2O5, and SiO2, characterize the felsic host rocks of the Zone B corridor. The style of mineralization at LZ5 (pyrite ±chalcopyrite veins and veinlets, ±disseminated pyrite with low base metal content), its setting (i.e. in rocks of intermediate composition at the base of the upper member of the Bousquet Formation), and the geometry of its ore zones (stacked lenses of sulfide veins and veinlets, without massive sulfide lenses) differ from the other major deposits of the Doyon-Bousquet-LaRonde mining camp. Despite these differences, this study indicates that the LZ5 and Ellison mineralized corridors are of synvolcanic hydrothermal origin and have most likely been formed by convective circulation of seawater below the seafloor. An influx of magmatic fluids from the Mooshla synvolcanic intrusive complex or its parent magma chamber could explain the Au enrichment at LZ5, as has been suggested for other deposits of the camp. Evidence for a pre-deformation synvolcanic mineralization at LZ5 includes ductile deformation and recrystallization of the sulfides, the stacked nature of its ore zones, subconcordant alteration halos that envelop the mineralized corridors, evidence that the mineralized system was already active when the LZ5 lenses were deposited and control on mineralization by primary volcanic features such as the permeability and porosity of the volcanic rocks.
7
Schat, Karel Antoni, Irit Davidson und Dan Heller. Chicken infectious anemia virus: immunosuppression, transmission and impact on other diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695591.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
1. Original Objectives. The original broad objectives of the grant were to determine A) the impact of CAV on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) (CU), B). the interactions between chicken anemia virus (CAV) and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) with an emphasis on horizontal spread of CAV through feathers (KVI), and C) the impact of CAV infection on Salmonella typhimurium (STM) (HUJI). During the third year and the one year no cost extension the CU group included some work on the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine for CAV, which was partially funded by the US Poultry and Egg Association. 2. Background to the topic. CAV is a major pathogen causing clinical disease if maternal antibody-free chickens are infected vertically or horizontally between 1 and 14 days of age. Infection after 3 weeks of age when maternal antibodies are not longer present can cause severe subclinical immunosuppression affecting CTL and cytokine expression. The subclinical immunosuppression can aggravate many diseases including Marek’s disease (MD) and several bacterial infections. 3. Major conclusions and achievements. The overall project contributed in the following ways to the knowledge about CAV infection in poultry. As expected CAV infections occur frequently in Israel causing problems to the industry. To control subclinical infections vaccination may be needed and our work indicates that the development of an antigen-antibody complex vaccine is feasible. It was previously known that CAV can spread vertically and horizontally, but the exact routes of the latter had not been confirmed. Our results clearly show that CAV can be shed into the environment through feathers. A potential interaction between CAV and MD virus (MDV) in the feathers was noted which may interfere with MDV replication. It was also learned that inoculation of 7-day-old embryos causes growth retardation and lesions. The potential of CAV to cause immunosuppression was further examined using CTL responses to REV. CTL were obtained from chickens between 36 and 44 days of age with REV and CAV given at different time points. In contrast to our earlier studies, in these experiments we were unable to detect a direct impact of CAV on REV-specific CTL, perhaps because the CTL were obtained from older birds. Inoculation of CAV at one day of age decreased the IgG antibody responses to inactivated STM administered at 10 days of age. 4. Scientific and Agricultural Implications The impact of the research was especially important for the poultry industry in Israel. The producers have been educated on the importance of the disease through the many presentations. It is now well known to the stakeholders that CAV can aggravate other diseases, decrease productivity and profitability. As a consequence they monitor the antibody status of the breeders so that the maternal antibody status of the broilers is known. Also vaccination of breeder flock that remain antibody negative may become feasible further reducing the negative impact of CAV infection. Vaccination may become more important because improved biosecurity of the breeder flocks to prevent avian influenza and Salmonella may delay the onset of seroconversion for CAV by natural exposure resulting in CAV susceptible broilers lacking maternal antibodies. Scientifically, the research added important information on the horizontal spread of CAV through feathers, the interactions with Salmonella typhimurium and the demonstration that antigen-antibody complex vaccines may provide protective immunity.
8
Epel, Bernard, und Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.
9
Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai und Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, Dezember 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.
10
Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger und J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.
Der volle Inhalt der QuelleAnnotation:
The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.