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VAN DER ENG, PIERRE. „Why Didn't Colonial Indonesia Have a Competitive Cotton Textile Industry?“ Modern Asian Studies 47, Nr. 3 (30.10.2012): 1019–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x12000765.
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AbstractThis paper quantifies the consumption and production of cotton textiles at different stages of processing in Indonesia during the Dutch colonial era (1820–1941). It discusses the main factors that impeded the development of an internationally competitive cotton textile industry, and concludes that production in the industry increased significantly in Java during 1820–71, and again during 1874–1914 and 1934–41. However, most activity involved finishing of imported cotton cloth to suit local preferences. Spinning and weaving increased only marginally, as domestic production was precluded by the high-labour intensity of small-scale production, marginal local raw cotton production, and competitive international markets for yarn and cloth. Unfavourable and fluctuating real exchange rates discouraged investment in modern spinning and weaving ventures until trade protection and technological change in small-scale weaving caused rapid growth of domestic production after 1934.
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Parveen Shaieka. „History of Handloom Industry in Assam with special reference to Sualkuchi“. Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, S3 (19.11.2023): 1614–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-3.1942.
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The Handloom Industry plays a vital role in the socio – economic structure of Assam in terms of providing employment and production of clothes. At the same time preserve and propagate the rich cultural heritage of Assam. Weaving in Assam is as old as human civilization itself and the art of weaving are being passed from one generation to the next. The existence of high-quality weaving skill and production of fine textiles is well documented in great epics like Mahabharata and ancient treatise like Arthashastra1of Kautilya (Choudhry, 1987). Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang also gives rich description of existence of high-quality weaving products and their general liking of the Royal family and the nobility. Writing is the early 19th century, before the British annexed Assam, Francis Hamilton2 has given an accurate account of the state of weaving in Assam (Sarma, 2012). This Industry was directly patronized by the state, so much so that queens established weaving schools in the palace, to teach the art of weaving to the daughters of the noble widows and other female members of the household of executed prisoners were also employed by the art for spinning and weaving as a means of subsistence. The neo – vaishnavite movement of the Shri Sankardev was an equally potent force in the development in the art of weaving, especially of figured cloth. After annexation of Assam by the British3, the Handloom industry declined rapidly particularly in cities. Another British policy of de – industrialization of Assam, instead of export of cotton clothes and silk products, Assam became export of raw cotton and cocoon to fuel the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Despite, dwindling of textile weaving like all other arts with the fall of the Ahom rule, it never became extinct as many other branches of Assamese art. It is still a living art as much in demand as it had been in the medieval period (Goswami, 2012)
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Uzramma. „The Indian Loom, Climate Change, and Democracy“. Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 39, Nr. 2 (01.08.2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-7586753.
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Abstract Weaving on the handloom in India remains in the twenty-first century a large industry practiced by several million people, including, besides weavers themselves, others engaged in supporting activities. Indian hand weaving is a potentially viable ecological textile industry for the future, particularly if factors such as environmental damage and social costs are included in measuring viability. However, Indian hand weaving suffers from the perception that it is a relic of the past. Too, in the market it is undercut by cheaply made machine-produced cloth fraudulently sold as handmade. Research into the history of hand weaving revealed that there were two distinct modes of production, one in which expensive cloth was made for the elite, and another in which ordinary cloth was made for ordinary people. Since the making of expensive fabrics needed expensive raw materials, the weavers were dependent on an investor to supply these materials, creating a hierarchic dependency. The vernacular production of cloth, on the other hand, was democratic with lateral relations between the different stages of production. Malkha has simplified spinning by avoiding bale-pressing cotton lint, a technology introduced in colonial times to carry cotton long distances from the field. Malkha spinning centers are substantially smaller in size than conventional mills, closer to the small scales of Indian cotton farming and hand weaving.
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Jiang, Xiao, Qin Wang, Long Di Cheng und Jian Yong Yu. „Comparison of the Properties of Akund/Cotton Blended Yarn Produced by Compact Spinning with Pure Cotton Yarn“. Applied Mechanics and Materials 217-219 (November 2012): 590–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.590.
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As a kind of environment-friendly fiber, akund will create considerable interest in the apparel industry due to its fine luster, good moisture absorption, renewable and pollution free feature. This research is a comparative study of the physical properties of akund/cotton material and pure cotton material. Results show that the enhanced structure of akund/cotton compact yarn typically results in a lower hairiness and improved mechanical properties. However, the weaving of this kind akund/cotton blended yarn may meet a lot difficulty since its tenacity value hardly meet the minimum value calls for weaving. Another important guidance is that it necessary to reduce short fiber content that may be present in the yarn structure to adopt best evenness.
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Brown, John C. „Market Organization, Protection, and Vertical Integration: German Cotton Textiles before 1914“. Journal of Economic History 52, Nr. 2 (Juni 1992): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700010779.
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This article examines the causes for the relatively high degree of vertical integration in the German cotton textile industry before 1914. Underdeveloped input and output markets exposed German textile firms to price risks not faced by English firms that had access to highly-developed cotton, yarn, and cloth markets. In addition, tariff protection may have prompted integration by its impact on market development. In the weaving sector in particular, the response to this structure of markets was a more diversified product line and integration of both spinning and weaving.
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Parsons, Mike, und Mary B. Rose. „The Neglected Legacy of Lancashire Cotton: Industrial Clusters and the U.K. Outdoor Trade, 1960–1990“. Enterprise & Society 6, Nr. 4 (Dezember 2005): 682–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700015299.
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This article considers the neglected legacies of the Lancashire cotton industry and their impact on the U.K. outdoor trade. Studies of the decline of the Lancashire cotton industry after the Second World War have concentrated on the collapse of coarse cotton spinning and weaving, largely ignoring the impact of the knowledge and skills related to the finishing trades. The examination of the evolution of rainwear, coatings, and high-performance fabrics in the nineteenth century provides a backdrop to a study of the innovation process that emerged in the U.K. outdoor trade after 1960.
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BALOGH., T. „NOTES ON THE COTTON INDUSTRY: 2. THE SPREADOVER IN WEAVING“. Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 3, Nr. 3 (01.05.2009): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1941.mp3003008.x.
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Xonkeldiyeva, K. „Increasing the Efficiency of Sport-oriented Enterprises of the Textile Industry of the Republic of Uzbekistan“. Bulletin of Science and Practice 7, Nr. 10 (15.10.2021): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/71/36.
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Cotton spinning enterprises were established as separate independent enterprises. Their products are used as raw materials in other weaving mills or other industries. The capacity of cotton spinning factories is determined by the number of chambers and the number of products produced. In textile enterprises, the organization of serial production is the most effective. In market conditions, it makes sense to plan production continuously.
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Islam, Tanweer. „Health Concerns of Textile Workers and Associated Community“. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 59 (Januar 2022): 004695802210886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00469580221088626.
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Background: Workers in the textile industry risk developing various respiratory and pulmonary diseases due to exposure to cotton dust. The particles from the cotton lint are inhaled by the workers and results in the breathing problems including asthma, shortness of breath, cough and tightness in the chest. The poor health of labor contributes to the low productivity of the labor and in serious cases loss of jobs leading to the poverty. Objective: To assess the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the textile workers and associated community. To contrast the health profiles of the textile workers, associated community and the control group to factor out any confounding factors. Methods: This study explores the health profiles of the textile workers and associated community and contrast them against the health profile of the control group to factor out any confounding factors. The study is conducted on cotton industry in Kasur, Pakistan. We interviewed 207 workers, 226 people from associated community (living in vicinities of weaving units) and 188 people for control group (from areas far away from weaving units and people are not associated with weaving industry) based on stratified random sampling technique. We employed descriptive methods and logistic regression to explore the association between respiratory diseases and weaving workers. Results: Overall, prevalence of postnasal drip, byssinosis, asthma, and chronic bronchitis were 47%, 35%, 20%, and 10%, respectively, among the workers. These percentages are significantly higher than the control group. An additional year of work increase the risk of postnasal drip, byssinosis, asthma, and chronic bronchitis by 5–6%. Among workers, 43% and 21% feel difficulty in hearing against noisy background and at low volume, respectively. Due to bad light arrangements at workstations, 21% and 31% workers are suffering from myopia and hyperopia, respectively. Proportions of the workers suffering from continuous headache, skin infection, depression, and low back pain are 28%, 29%, 27%, and 44%, respectively. Chi-square test results confirms that no confounding factor like air pollution is involved in this cause-and-effect study implying the association between the cotton dust and associated diseases is not spurious. Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms were statistically significantly more common in the weaving workers compared to control group. Better environment at workstations, use of protective gears and education are the factors which reduce the risk of associated diseases among workers.
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Gonzalez, Victoria, Xingqiu Lou und Ting Chi. „Evaluating Environmental Impact of Natural and Synthetic Fibers: A Life Cycle Assessment Approach“. Sustainability 15, Nr. 9 (07.05.2023): 7670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15097670.
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This research aims to analyze the environmental impact of six fibers in the textile industry: conventional and organic cotton, silk, jute, flax, and polyester. The study used a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology with a cradle-to-gate system boundary and analyzed the stages of agriculture, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In agriculture production, five impact categories (i.e., fossil resource scarcity, global warming, land use, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and water consumption) have the most significant differences across these fibers. Polyester production significantly impacted the terrestrial ecotoxicity impact category, while stratospheric ozone depletion had a minor impact. In yarn preparation and spinning, silk has the most significant impact in most categories, followed by conventional cotton, while jute had the most minimal impact. In weaving, the most visible differences were in fossil resource scarcity, global warming, land use, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and water consumption. Conventional cotton dyeing showed significant impacts on global warming potential and terrestrial ecotoxicity. This study contributes to the limited literature on existing LCA research in the textile industry. Adding updated information will help increase the comprehension of LCA research and guide stakeholders in transitioning fashion supply chains more sustainably.
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Niaz, Ilhan. „Kanakalatha Mukund and B. Syama Sundari. Traditional Industry in the New Market Economy: The Cotton Handlooms of Andhra Pradesh. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2001. 169 Pages. Hardback. Rs 395.00.“ Pakistan Development Review 41, Nr. 1 (01.03.2002): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v41i1pp.99-101.
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The authors set out to examine the competitiveness of the handloom weaving industry in modern India from the market point of view. The three themes, which the authors themselves point out in the introduction, deal with cotton handlooms in the general context of traditional industry, present a detailed description of the situation in Andhra Pradesh and evaluate the effectiveness of government policy. An the heart of the argument is the need for policy-makers to make their decisions on the basis of “empirical data rather than received wisdom” (p. 19). The fact is that in spite of being regarded as a “...residual subsistence activity” (p. 16) handloom weaving has maintained its share of output through the decades, competition from power-looms notwithstanding.
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Lyons, John S. „Vertical Integration in the British Cotton Industry, 1825–1850: a Revision“. Journal of Economic History 45, Nr. 2 (Juni 1985): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700034136.
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The paper examines changes in the organization of the British cotton industry from 1825 to 1850 in its core region of Lancashire and northeast Cheshire, using new data to delineate patterns of integration, specialization, and the adoption of new technology. The industry is usually assumed to have progressed from a rather specialized structure in 1825 to a highly integrated structure in 1850; much of the literature is devoted to explaining this trend. No such trend occurred, however, and the explanations are incorrect. An alternative view, focusing on technical change and profitability in spinning and weaving, is outlined briefly.
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Nugraha, Evan, und Rini Mulyani Sari. „Penentuan Waktu Proses Pembuatan Kain Dengan Pendekatan Cross-Case pada Industri Tekstil“. Organum: Jurnal Saintifik Manajemen dan Akuntansi 1, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/organum.v1i1.28.
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PT. X was a company engaged in weaving cotton production. Many types of cotton consisted of type 185, type 186, type 188 and type 189. Nevertheless, there were still many problems in the operational production of the weaving department. One of them was the length in processing time of the weaving section that could affect the next process. Based on a literature review, it showed that lean method could be implemented in process industry even it was not entirely. The method that usually used in the process industry was the cross-case method. A case study was a method that chosen in conducting this research by forming propositions first. There were two products selected as the case study: cotton 188 and cotton 189. This research consisted of two steps. The first step was the measurement of operational performance before implementing the lean method. The second step was cross-case analysis by synchronizing between the empirical data and the propositions. The lean method would increase the accuracy of product delivery. It had been proven by reduction of the cycle time of both products ranges from 18,5% to 31,5%. The cross-case method could be applied with the Kanban, the set-up time reduction and forming the pull system in the production floor.PT. X adalah perusahaan yang memproduksi kain katun. Terdapat beberapa corak kain katun yang diproduksi, diantaranya kain katun tipe 185, tipe 186, tipe 188 dan tipe 189. Namun masih banyak kendala dalam bagian operasional produksi, khususnya bagian penenunan kain. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dapat terlihat dari lamanya waktu proses di bagian penenunan kain yang berpengaruh terhadap proses selanjutnya. Berdasarkan literature review yang dilakukan, didapatkan hasil bahwa lean dapat diimplementasikan pada industri tekstil, namun tidak sepenuhnya. Studi kasus adalah metode yang dipilih dalam melakukan penelitian ini. Untuk meneliti menggunakan metode studi kasus, maka harus dibangun proporsi terlebih dahulu sehingga arah penelitian menjadi jelas dan terarah. Terdapat dua produk yang dipilih sebagai studi kasus yaitu katun 189 dan katun 188. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua langkah. Langkah pertama berupa pengukuran performansi operasional situasi sebelum dan sesudah mengimplementasikan metode lean. Tahap terakhir adalah membandingkan antara data empiris dengan proposisi yang. Metode lean akan meningkatkan ketepatan pengiriman produk, yang dapat dibuktikan dengan penurunan cycle time untuk kedua studi kasus berkisar antara 18,5% hingga 31,5%. Metode cross-case diaplikasikan melalui pelaksanaan kanban dan set up time reduction, pembentukan pull system di lantai produksi.
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Tahir, Muhammad Wajid, Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz, Shanza Tauseef, Muqadas Sajjad, Awais Nazeer, Nazish Farheen und Muddsar Iqbal. „Monitoring of cotton dust and health risk assessment in small-scale weaving industry“. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 184, Nr. 8 (23.09.2011): 4879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2309-y.
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Umaiyah, Chamidatul, Retno Adriyani und Resawati Intan Savitri. „Exposure to Endotoxins as a Risk Factor for Decreased Lung Function in Workers in the Cotton-Based Textile Industry“. JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 19, Nr. 2 (31.07.2022): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v19i2.490.
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Dust particles that enter the body through inhalation and into the lungs can cause disturbances in the respiratory tract. Dust particles produced from cotton fibers can contain endotoxin biological agents, inhalation of endotoxins can also cause other diseases namely, flu, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary and decreased lung function. This study was conducted for the analysis of endotoxin exposure in cotton dust as a risk factor for decreasing lung function of workers in the textile industry. The method used in writing this article is a literature review using ten scientific articles to analyze the level of endotoxins in cotton dust, the characteristics of workers and the decline in lung function in workers. The study found that the highest levels of endotoxins were found in cotton mills in Shanghai with annual endotoxin levels of 1,730-65,204 EU/m3. Endotoxins in cotton dust are found most abundantly in spinning and weaving units. Factors such as age, length of service and smoking status are risk factors for workers experiencing a decrease in lung function, while the influence of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) still needs to be studied further.
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Polat, Ertugrul, Md Hasan, Ahmed Mazari und Muhammet Uzun. „Evaluation of weaving and dyeing properties of local regenerated yarns“. Tekstilna industrija 71, Nr. 4 (2023): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tekstind2304014p.
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As the demand for energy and raw material is increasing everyday, so the challenge of finding sustainable and environment friendly alternatives are becoming very crucial and challenging for the textile industry. Sustainability is one of the most required characteristics in textile production and consumption. As a result, regenerated cellulose fibers have become very popular for their identical properties to cotton, conforming to the sustainability goals of this sector. Production of regenerated cellulose fiber known as Ecocell the trend of sustainability is getting promoted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and dyeing properties of Ecocell in woven fabrics. In order to evaluate the viability, six different fabrics with different construction was weaved and dyed and subjected to several testing. The results indicate that the successful development of Ecocell can be a sustainable and eco-friendly replacement to the imported fibers. By enhancing our country's self-sufficiency in regenerated cellulose fiber production, the textile industry is taking a crucial step towards greater eco-consciousness and sustainability. This study not only contributes to the academic understanding of regenerated cellulose fibers but also holds practical implications for the industry's green transformation.
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Jiangbo, LIAO, und YANG Xiaoming. „Study on the Evolution of Grass Cloth“. Asian Social Science 12, Nr. 6 (20.05.2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n6p109.
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<p>This paper gives literature and unearthed fragments of textiles inspection, it prove ramie and hemp textiles inChinawhich have a long history. Because ramie textile fiber has excellent performance, ramie fiber was made of grass cloth, as the source of civilian clothing. In feudal Chinese society, under self-sufficient peasant economy mode, spinning and weaving promote the rapid development of grass cloth. However, with the rise of the cotton crop and the promotion of modern textile industry, manual ramie cloth begin to from the peak to the decline slowly.</p>
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Bashir, Muntazar. „Chenab Limited: Company in Decline“. Asian Journal of Management Cases 17, Nr. 2 (September 2020): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972820120927192.
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Chenab Limited (Chenab) was a very large vertically integrated textile company in Pakistan whose operations included the entire textile chain from cotton spinning to textile weaving and finished products such as garments. The company had enjoyed considerable success in the years 2000–2007, but the economic conditions deteriorated from 2008 until 2013 for the textile industry. It was faced with electricity and natural gas shortage as well as inflationary conditions in Pakistan; these issues, together with stiff foreign competition, had seriously affected the financial health of the company.
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YOSHIDA, Yusuke. „The Spatial Spread of Zilu Weaving (Cotton Carpet) Industry in Meybod of Yazd Province, Iran“. Japanese Journal of Human Geography 54, Nr. 6 (2002): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.54.597.
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Klinkhammer, Kristina, Hanna Hohenbild, Mohammad Toufiqul Hoque, Laura Elze, Helen Teshay und Boris Mahltig. „Functionalization of Technical Textiles with Chitosan“. Textiles 4, Nr. 1 (15.02.2024): 70–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles4010006.
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Textiles are used for many different applications and require a variety of properties. Wet functionalization improve textiles’ properties, such as hydrophilicity or antimicrobial activity. Chitosan is a bio-based polymer widely investigated in the textile industry for this purpose. A weaving comprising a cotton/polyester mix and a pure-polyester weaving was functionalized with different concentrations of chitosan to determine the most robust method for chitosan detection in both cotton- and polyester-containing materials. Additionally, mixtures of chitosan with 3-glycidyloxypropyltriethoxy silane (GLYEO) or 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (AMEO) were applied in a one-step or two-step procedure on the same fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and dyeing with Remazol Brilliant Red F3B demonstrated the presence of chitosan and silanes on the textiles’ surfaces. While non-functionalized textiles were not stained, the dependency of the dyeing depths on the chitosan concentrations enabled us to infer the efficacy of the very short processing time and a mild dyeing temperature. The one-step application of AMEO and chitosan resulted in the highest presence of silicon on the textile and the greatest color intensity. The functionalization with GLYEO reduced the water sink-in time of polyester, while chitosan-containing solutions increased the hydrophobicity of the material. Washing experiments demonstrated the increasing hydrophilicity of the cotton/polyester samples, independent of the type of functionalization. These experiments show that chitosan-containing recipes can be used as part of a useful method, and the type of functionalization can be used to adjust the hydrophilic properties of polyester and cotton/polyester textiles. Via this first step, in the future, new combinations of bio-based polymers with inorganic binder systems can be developed, ultimately leading to sustainable antimicrobial materials with modified hydrophilic properties.
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Minov, Jordan, Jovanka Karadzinska-Bislimovska, Engin Tutkun, Kristin Vasilevska, Snezana Risteska-Kuc, Saso Stoleski und Dragan Mijakoski. „Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Never-Smoking Female Workers Exposed to Cotton Dust“. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2, Nr. 2 (15.06.2014): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2014.056.
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AIM: Textile workers in their work environment are exposed to airborne particulate from natural and synthetic origin. In the present study we aimed at assessment of prevalence and characterstics of COPD in never-smoking female workers employed at cotton weaving sector in textile manufacture.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to assess chronic prevalence and characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in textile industry we performed a cross-sectional study including 47 never-smoking female cotton workers (aged 36 to 56 years) and an equal number of never-smoking female office workers studied as a control. Evaluation of examined subjects consisted of completion of a questionnaire, baseline spirometry, and bronchodilator reversibility testing.RESULTS: We found higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in cotton workers with significant difference for phlegm and dyspnea. Majority of the chronic respiratory symptoms in cotton workers were work-related. With exception of the mean value of forced vital capacity (FVC), the mean values of all other measured spirometric parameters in cotton workers were significantly lower than in office workers. The prevalence of COPD was significantly higher in cotton workers than in office workers (11.4% vs. 2.3%, P = 0,027). COPD in cotton workers was significantly associated with age higher than 45 years and with duration of exposure longer than 20 years.CONCLUSION: Our findings support data about relationship between occupational exposure to organic dust in textile workers and persistent airflow limitation.
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Kolachi, Meer Muhammad, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon, Ghulam Nabi Sehto und Babar Zaman. „Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton“. Biological Sciences - PJSIR 64, Nr. 3 (11.10.2021): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.64.3.2021.283.287.
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Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton
Cotton is main cash crop of Pakistan that is also called "white gold". Majority of farmers from Punjab and Sindh cultivate it and earn high value in market to improve their livelihood. It is very important crop for cotton industry and people because, it provide raw material to industry and job to workers who serve in this sector from sowing to harvesting,ginning to weaving and selling. Cotton sector play important role in National economy as it is also a rich source of edible oil. In current scenario, growing cotton is becoming costly due to use of expensive inputs. To play part in reducing input cost of cotton present study conducted. The study aimed to evaluate efficacy of compost developed from crop refuse at zero cost. For this purpose performance of three cotton varieties MNH 886, FH 142 and IR 901 checked at five doses100 Kg, 200 Kg, 300 Kg, 400 Kg and 500 Kg of compost per acre. Results revealed that MNH 886 performed good among all three varieties on all doses followed by FH 142 and IR 901 respectively. MNH 886 performed good than all others, where maximum seed germination recorded 72.67%, plant height 138.93 cm, root length 35.43 cm, numbers of branches11.56, numbers of bolls 45.78 and yield 1840 Kg per acre on 500 Kg compost per acre recorded.However, minimum seed germination 48.56%, plant height 93.02 cm, root length 25.24 cm, numbers of branches 8.67, numbers of bolls 11.89 and yield was recorded 1042 Kg on 100 Kg compost per acre. Same trend of maximum growth at 500 Kg and minimum at 100 Kg compost observed on FH142 and IR901.
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Kerkhof, Stefanie van de. „Regionale Industrialisierung revisited – Die niederrheinische Textilregion von der Protoindustrialisierung bis zum 20. Jahrhundert als Fallbeispiel“. Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 61, Nr. 2 (25.11.2020): 319–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2020-0014.
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AbstractThe concept of Regional Industrialization developed by Rainer Fremdling, Toni Pierenkemper and Richard Tilly is based on a small-scale research approach and composes regions according to criteria of homogeneity. This paper argues that the concept is fruitful in regard to textile regions and their analysis in a long-term perspective from proto-industrialization to the 20th century. It examines relevant factors such as capital, labour, raw materials, transfer of capital, technology and knowledge in order to analyse the specific regional path of growth. Especially the role of migrant pioneer entrepreneurs and the institutional-cultural setting, i.e. the state monopolies of the regional silk and velvet producers are addressed. Mechanisation and the factory system were introduced relatively late in comparison to other regions in the wool and cotton branch of textile industry. But innovations in weaving and energy technology diffused rather rapidly in Krefeld, Mönchengladbach and the rural surroundings. The paper shows how the growing textile industry of the left lower Rhine region diversified during the Great Depression of the 1870s-90s and induced forward and backward linkages to the machinery, tool and chemical industries. In all segments of the textile industry in the region (silk, velvet, cotton, wool, synthetics) path dependencies evolved which still have an effect on research institutions and industrial culture today.
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Jackson, Kenneth C. „The Room and Power System in the Cotton Weaving Industry of North-east Lancashire and West Craven“. Textile History 35, Nr. 1 (Mai 2004): 58–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/004049604225015648.
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Piribauer, Benjamin, Uta Jenull-Halver, Felice Quartinello, Wolfgang Ipsmiller, Thomas Laminger, Daniel Koch und Andreas Bartl. „TEX2MAT – NEXT LEVEL TEXTILE RECYCLING WITH BIOCATALYSTS“. Detritus, Nr. 13 (30.11.2020): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2020.14030.
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Achieving a circular economy for end-of-life textiles is one of the big challenges in the textile industry. Currently, after disposal, textiles often end up in landfills or in incineration plants. Over the last years, the textile industry exhibited high growth rates and the annual global fibre production is reaching 100 Million t. It also has to be considered that textile products are increasingly becoming more complex, to fulfill special functionality resulting in the use of multi-material textiles. However, these textiles are hard to recycle. The TEX2MAT project is a FFG (Austrian Research Promotion Agency) promoted project conducted by a consortium of 13 research institutions and private businesses that offers a solution. The goal was to develop an innovative process for the material recycling of selected multi-material textile streams. In multiple case studies, pre- and post-consumer cotton/polyester textiles from the Austrian SME sector were investigated to close the material cycle from raw material back to raw material. The case studies used a new approach involving the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. This way cotton can be converted into glucose and polyester remains as the only polymer and is thus accessible for a rather easy recycling process. The obtained glucose can be used as raw material for different platform chemicals. The project team successfully demonstrated the functionality of the whole processing chain, by complete removal of the cotton from the textile, and weaving of new towels with the recycled polyester.
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Shwetha M. N., I. Shakuntala Devi, T. Lavanya und A. Meena. „Unravelling the Challenges in Cotton Processing Industries: A Comprehensive Constraint Analysis“. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology 41, Nr. 10 (01.11.2023): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2023/v41i102254.
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The textile industry is one of India's oldest industries and has been there for a long time. Cotton has a major economic influence in India, where it is mostly used in the textile sector. One of the most often produced and exported items from India is cotton yarn. The goal of the current study is to examine and record the challenges faced by the cotton processing units along the value chain of the crop. The study was conducted in Adilabad and Nalgonda districts of Telangana state. The required data was gathered from a sample size of 10 ginning mills, 10 spinning mills, 10 weaving mills, one dyeing and printing mill and one garment manufacturing unit, using well-structured and pretested schedule by personal interview method. To analyze the collected data Garrett ranking methodology was employed. The research found that, higher cost of machinery, higher rate of interest, exorbitant prices of raw material, underutilization of installed capacity, higher working capital requirement, shortage of electricity, lack of technical human resource, competition from the big and organized sector and lack of marketing cooperatives were the major problem faced by the different processing units of cotton. Therefore, the study suggests that the government provide subsidies for the purchase of machinery, at least for small-scale businesses, impart training to the youth and establishment of marketing cooperative at every successive stage of the cotton processing in order to make the processing units more competitive in business.
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Fithri, Prima. „SIX SIGMA SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MUTU PADA HASIL PRODUKSI KAIN MENTAH PT UNITEX, TBK“. J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 14, Nr. 1 (21.05.2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.14.1.43-52.
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PT Unitex merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di industri tekstil yang mengolah kapas menjadi kain jadi. Departemen tenun adalah salah satu departemen di PT Unitex, yang memproses benang menjadi kain mentah. Seringnya terjadi permasalahan terhadap pengendalian mutu yang tidak mencapai target di Departemen Tenun, menyebabkan peningkatan waktu pemrosesan produk untuk memperbaiki produk yang cacat juga akan berdampak pada jumlah produksi. Untuk itu penelitian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis proses pengendalian mutu untuk mengetahui faktor utama penyebab terjadinya produk cacat sehingga didapatkan ususlan untuk mengurangi jumlah produk cacat pada hasil produksi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Six Sigma, dengan langkah-langkah Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, didapatkan nilai Defect per Million Opportunity yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 181.67 dan nilai Sigma sebesar 5.07. Dengan nilai sigma sebesar 5.07 berarti Departmen Tenun telah mencapai tingkat industri rata-rata USA. Tapi masih ada cacat yang terjadi dari satu juta peluang. Untuk memaksimalkan kontrol kualitas, rekomendasinya adalah untuk memperkuat pengawasan kepada operator, memprioritaskan pemeriksaan mesin, dan menekankan ketersediaan suku cadang mesin, terutama yang rentan terhadap kerusakan.AbstractPT Unitex is a manufacturing company engaged in the textile industry. Processing carried out at PT Unitex is processing cotton into finished cloth. The Weaving Department is one of the departments at PT Unitex, which processes yarn into raw fabrics. The most frequent and most noticed problem in the Weaving Department is the quality control problem that often does not reach the target. In addition, this also causes an increase in product processing time to repair defective products which will also have an impact on the amount of production. For this reason, this research is carried out by identifying and analyzing the quality control process to determine the main factors causing the occurrence of defective products so that will reduce the number of defective products in the production. The method used in this study is the Six Sigma Method, with steps Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control (DMAIC). As soon as the calculation is done, the Defect per Million Opportunity (DPMO) value obtained is 181.67 and the Sigma value is 5.07. With a sigma value of 5.07, Weaving Department has reached the average industry level of the USA. But there are still defects that occur from one million opportunities. To maximize quality control, the recommendations are to strengthen supervision of operators, prioritize inspection of machinery, and emphasize the availability of machine parts, especially those that are vulnerable to damage.Keywords: DPMO; Six Sigma; Production; Quality Control; Weaving Department
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Deb, Dr, Sukamal. „Ntuma - the Cotton Village of Nagaland, North East India“. Journal of Global Economy 19, Nr. 4 (06.01.2024): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1956/jge.v19i4.708.
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India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant. Cotton occupies about 4.7 per cent of the total cropped area in the country. Cotton is the most important fibre crop of the entire world. It provides the basic raw material to the cotton textile industry. The article is based on the practice of organic cotton cultivation in Nagaland, a tribal State in India.
Ntuma, a village in Nagaland, also called Cotton village, this research work is on Ntuma and its contiguous villages. These tribal villages, especially Entuma used to cultivate organic cotton decades back for hundreds of livelihoods. People don’t always think about organic when it comes to the clothes we wear, the sheets we sleep on, the personal care items we depend on, and the mattresses in our bedrooms. But organic cotton is one of the most important choices people can make for the environment, because it supports a healthy ecosystem and prevents the use of toxic synthetic chemicals.
A deep dive into the environmental benefits of organic cotton production, the importance of avoiding synthetic chemicals, the role of organic cotton when it comes to climate change mitigation, and the benefits of organic cotton to water and biodiversity is admirable. The craft people everywhere use their hands and soul to make the world a better place. In this context, artisans of Ntuma, it’s contiguous villages in Peren district or for so the entire Nagaland is an example. Years back people of these villages, especially the women, used to cultivate organic cotton and make fabulous tribal textile from that which with the passage of time got eroded. With imagination, and subtle intensity, the weaving of Nagaland pays homage to the indomitable spirit of its creators.
May be in a small way organic cotton cultivation and its further value additions may help closing the SDG gap, an appreciation for Tough-To-Decarbonize Industries, accelerating gender parity, youth perspectives, defeating the climate and health nexus and promoting agricultural growth.
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QIAN, JIA-HONG, YU-YING QIU, YI-DUO YANG, YI LI, PING-HUA XU und LAI-LI WANG. „Accounting and evaluation of chemical footprint of cotton woven fabrics“. Industria Textila 71, Nr. 03 (28.06.2020): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.071.03.1678.
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The major environmental impacts of textile products tend to arise from emissions of toxic substances in the production phase of the life cycle. The theory of chemical footprint (ChF) can be used to study the environmental impact of textile products and leads a new way to quantitatively assess impacts of toxic substances. In this paper, environmental impacts of 1 kg cotton woven fabric were assessed from yarn to finished fabric in terms of its contributions to the ecological system. The results showed that the total ChF in the calculation boundary associated with ecotoxicity was approximately 41526.10 PAF·m3·d. The largest ChF for cotton woven fabric mainly came from weaving process, followed by cultivation and harvesting and fabric processing phases. Sizing agent and all kinds of base potentially created the large ecotoxicity and there are considerable differences in magnitude from other materials’ ecotoxicity. It also revealed that the selection of auxiliaries was more important than that of dyestuffs. ChF does well in drawing more focus on the source of industry pollution and plays an important role in improving management efficiency in assessing and choosing chemicals.
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Maurya, Bharati. „Prevalence and prediction of occupational morbidities among male migrant workers in textile industries in Surat, India: a cross-sectional study“. International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 10, Nr. 7 (29.06.2023): 2428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20232032.
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Background: In the textile industry, male migrant workers from other Indian states predominate. Workers are more vulnerable to occupational hazards due to poor working conditions, such as long hours and workplace annoyances. These include noise, high temperatures, humidity, chemical fumes, and cotton or synthetic dust, which harm their health. This study investigated the morbidity patterns of textile migrant workers in Surat. Methods: From April to November 2017, cross-sectional research was conducted in three blocks, utilizing multistage stratified cluster sampling to survey 348 TMWs. A pre-tested and pre-designed structured questionnaire was developed to collect data on three types of textile units: yarn, weaving, and processing. A bivariate and binary logistic regression examined the relationship between the self-reported prevalence of occupational morbidities (outcome variables) and occupation-related factors (predictor variables). Results: Occupational morbidities affect 95% of workers. Self-reported morbidities include musculoskeletal morbidities (72.7%), respiratory morbidities (21.9%), ophthalmic morbidities (27.6%), skin morbidities (23.9%), and ENT problems (18.4%). Those working in weaving manufacturing units are 10% more likely to have ocular disorders (P<0.05). Those who engage in printing and dyeing processing units have a 27% higher chance of developing respiratory morbidities (P<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of occupational morbidity is significantly higher among textile workers. The hazardous risk factors responsible for these morbidities can be mitigated by improving working conditions and implementing suitable protective measures for textile workers. Intervention initiatives are required to address textile workers’ health concerns.
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Mastrangelo, Giuseppe, Ugo Fedeli, Emanuela Fadda, Giovanni Milan und John H. Lange. „Epidemiologic evidence of cancer risk in textile industry workers: a review and update“. Toxicology and Industrial Health 18, Nr. 4 (Mai 2002): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0748233702th139rr.
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A meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies for textile industry workers was undertaken in an attempt to evaluate whether the cancer risk varies within the textile industry in relation to the job held or the textile fiber used. We combined studies published up until 1990, when an ad hoc IARC Monograph was issued, and those published after 1990 with the aim of appreciating evidence of reversing trends in cancer risk. Observed and expected cases reported in the original studies were summed up and the totals were divided to obtain a pooled relative risk (PRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) estimated with a fixed-effect model. We calculated a chi-square test (x2) of heterogeneity among studies. When PRR and x2 were both significant, PRR and CI were calculated with a random-effect model and the source of heterogeneity was investigated. Lung cancer risk was around 0.4 in the first study on cotton workers published in 1936, around 0.7 in subsequent studies, mostly published in the 1970s and 1980s, and around 1.0 in the last studies published in the 1990s. Papers published in the 1970s and 1980s produced consistent risk estimates for lung cancer risk, which was significantly lower than 1.0 in workers exposed to cotton (PRR 3/4-0.77; CI3/4-0.69-0.86) and wool dust (0.71; 0.50-0.92), as well as in carders and fiber preparers (0.73; 0.54-0.91), weavers (0.71; 0.56-0.85), and spinners and weavers (0.78; 0.66-0.91). Lung cancer PRRs did not significantly deviate from 1.0 in textile workers using synthetic fibers or silk, and in dyers. Increased PRRs were found for sinonasal cancer in workers exposed to cotton dust, and in workers involved in spinning or weaving (4.14; 1.80-6.49). PRR was 1.46 (1.10-1.82) for cancer of the digestive system in textile workers using synthetic fibers or silk, and 1.34 (1.10-1.59) for colorectal cancer in spinners and weavers. The increased bladder cancer PRR in dyers (1.39; 1.07-1.71) is generally attributed to textile dye exposure. In studies published after 1990, there is a general tendency to move toward unity for all the cancer risk estimates, leading to an increasing heterogeneity among studies. Since adjustment for smoking made little difference to the findings, the latter could be attributed to the exposure to textile dusts. The recent findings could be due to a lowering of dust concentration in the workplaces. The reduction of cases of upper respiratory tract cancer parallels with a corresponding increase of lung cancer cases. So, preventive measures have paradoxically increased the lung cancer burden to the textile workers.
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SHIMADA, Norihiko. „Learning from the Industrial Heritage of Textile Machinery The Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology Cotton Spinning and Weaving Machines Exhibit“. Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 110, Nr. 1061 (2007): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.110.1061_290.
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Yong, Sheng, Meijing Liu, Abiodun Komolafe, John Tudor und Kai Yang. „Development of a Screen-Printable Carbon Paste to Achieve Washable Conductive Textiles“. Textiles 1, Nr. 3 (05.10.2021): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/textiles1030022.
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Conductive tracks are key constituents of wearable electronics and e-textiles, as they form the interconnective links between wearable electrical devices/systems. They are made by coating or printing conductive patterns or tracks on textiles or by weaving, knitting, or embroidering conductive yarns into textiles. Screen printing is a mature and cost-effective fabrication method that is used in the textile industry. It allows a high degree of geometric freedom for the design of conductive patterns or tracks. Current screen-printed conductive textiles have the limitations of low durability when washed or when placed under bending, and they typically require encapsulation layers to protect the printed conductor. This paper presents a printable paste formulation and fabrication process based on screen printing for achieving a flexible and durable conductive polyester-cotton textile using an inexpensive carbon as the conductor. The process does not require an interface, the smoothing of the textile, or an encapsulation layer to protect the conductor on the textile. A resistivity of 4 × 10−2 Ω·m was achieved. The textile remains conductive after 20 standard washes, resulting in the conductor’s resistance increasing by 140%. The conductive textile demonstrated less than ±10% resistance variation after bending for 2000 cycles.
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Sharmila, Dr Anish. „Retro Clothing in Tamil Sangha Literature“. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, Nr. 11 (30.11.2022): 933–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47481.
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Abstract: No one knows when man, who evolved from ape to man, tried to hide his dignity. For a long period of time in the long history of mankind, he lived like animals in mountain caves and tree branches as his abode. He hunted animals for food. He lived without any clothes like animals. In time, when he felt the need to hide his dignity, what he got as clothing were leaves, tree bark and animal skins. That habit continued with him for a long period of history. This practice continued with him even during the Sangha period. Sangha literature attests to it. Clothing is one of the basic human needs. That is why a man without clothes is referred to as a half-man. Clothing is a basic human need and a symbol of culture. No one knows when man learned how to spin yarn and weave clothes. Since thousands of years it happened. The Sangam texts show us the development of the cotton weaving industry during the Sangam period. There are many references to clothing in “Tamil” literature Udukai, cloth, garment, uduku, kupayam, meipai, pattudai, kalingam, saree, kachu, danai, padam were the words used to refer to clothing during the Sangam period. This review article focuses to explore these retro clothing’s.
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Nichols, Deborah L., Mary Jane McLaughlin und Maura Benton. „PRODUCTION INTENSIFICATION AND REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION“. Ancient Mesoamerica 11, Nr. 2 (Juli 2000): 267–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653610011106x.
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Although textiles were important commodities in the Aztec political economy, it is widely held that textile production did not involve organized workshops. In the late 1960s, Charlton (1971, 1981) found a concentration of large spindle whorls at the Aztec city-state capital of Otumba that he interpreted as remains of a maguey-fiber workshop. A subsequent survey and surface collections made by the Otumba Project discovered additional concentrations of spindle whorls associated with fiber-processing tools and manufacturing debris that provide substantial evidence for organized maguey-fiber workshops at Otumba. An unusually large sample of more than 1,600 spindle whorls was recovered in surface collections from sites in the Aztec city-state of Otumba where both small cotton whorls and large maguey whorls occurred in low densities associated with concentrations of domestic pottery (and in some cases house-mound remnants). In the Aztec capital town of Otumba, maguey spindle whorls were also present in localized dense concentrations within a restricted area of the site. These concentrations also included molds for making spindle whorls, “wasters,” a high density of heavily worn obsidian blades and basalt scrapers used in fiber production, and obsidian scrapers. Based on the quantities and types of associated artifacts we argue that these concentrations represent remains of Late Aztec maguey-fiber workshops that were household based. The workshops processed maguey fibers and made maguey spindle whorls in a range of sizes for spinning thin and thick threads and cordage. Secondary craft activities in one workshop included making cotton spindle whorls and some lapidary and figurine manufacturing. Maguey-fiber processing, spinning, and, presumably, weaving also took place in rural villages, but evidence of organized workshops has only been found at the urban center. The growth of the maguey-fiber industry at Otumba during the Late Postclassic period was part of a broader economic trend of production intensification in the northeastern Basin of Mexico that included xerophytic plant cultivation and craft specialization.
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Podgornyj, Yuriy, Vadim Skeeba, Tatyana Martynova, Dmitry Lobanov, Nikita Martyushev, Semyon Papko, Egor Rozhnov und Ivan Yulusov. „Synthesis of the heddle drive mechanism“. Metal Working and Material Science 26, Nr. 1 (15.03.2024): 80–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1994-6309-2024-26.1-80-98.
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Introduction. Domestic enterprises in various industries use a variety of process equipment, including weaving machines. Modern weaving machines have several unique features, including a close relationship between technical condition, productivity, and product quality. Weaving machines are widely used in the textile industry in Russia and other countries. To produce cotton, silk, wool, linen, and other types of fabrics, appropriate machines are designed, including shuttle, shuttleless, pneumatic, and hydraulic machines. One of the most crucial parts of the machine is the heddle lifting mechanism, which determines the weave pattern and the quality of the fabric produced. The purpose of the work is to reduce the dimensions of the loom by changing the design parameters of the heddle lifting mechanism. The research methods are based on the theory of machines and mechanisms. They enable the development of a method for synthesizing the heddle lifting mechanism and designing a device with reduced dimensions. The paper presents the synthesis and analysis of the Assur group algorithm, which can determine the kinematic characteristics of the mechanism. Results and discussion. Following the proposed methodology, the mechanism design was modified by removing the fixing device from the lever mechanism operating area. This allowed for a reduction in interaxial distances and a change in the kinematic scheme. As a result of the new position of the fixed axes, some levers, the connecting rod, and the angle of the double-arm lever were also altered. The synthesis of the mechanism is proposed to begin with the last Assur group, setting it a specific value for the G-point motion equal to 75 mm. (motion of the fourth heddle shaft). As a limitation, the equality of arcs (chords) E´E = F´F ` was accepted. By assigning these values to the input element for the second-class first-type Assur group and bearing in mind the accepted conditions, the motions for point D were obtained. Thus, the value of the swing angle of the roller shaft equal to 22.46° was obtained, which is 27.44 mm along the chord. Applying the interpolation principle, we found the initial motion value of 28 mm. Since the loom is planned to produce interlacing fabric patterns using 10 heddles, the design provides for a variable parameter that allows changing the motion of the heddles depending on their location in the depth of the machine. This role was assigned to the lever B03D. A cam pair synthesis was performed after determining the maximum and minimum values of the center of the roller motion. In total, 5 types of laws of motion were considered: straight-line, harmonic, double harmonic, power-law, cycloidal ones. For the center of the roller, the cycloidal law of motion was selected since it better corresponds to the specified conditions. The synthesis's accuracy was confirmed by the constructed cam profile and conducted kinematic studies for the Assur groups.
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Plavan, Viktoriia, Natalia Tarasenko und Iryna Lisovska. „APPLICATION OF FIBROUS MATERIALS WITH SORPTION PROPERTIES IN WATER PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGIES“. TECHNICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES, Nr. 4(34) (2023): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2023-4(34)-129-137.
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The algorithm for the technological process of obtaining a chemisorption composite material based on waste chemical fibers filled with clay powders for the purification of wastewater from heavy metal ions has been developed. Non-woven mate-rials obtained from polyurethane-polyamide chemical fiber waste were used as a basis in the work. To increase the mechanical strength, they were fastenedby the needle punching method with a knitted fabric with a surface density of 240g/m2, which was made by plaited weaving using cotton yarn with a linear density of 25 texand polyethylene complex threads with a linear density of 16.5 tex on a single-font circular knitting machine of the MS type. To strengthen the sorption capacity, clay powders of the montmorillonite type were introduced into the fibrous base in the form of filled dispersions of starch (2-3%) or polyvinyl alcohol (3%) in the amount of 5 to 10% of the mass of the dispersion.Sorption-filtering fibrous material filled with clay minerals can be used for wastewater treatment of light and chemical industry enterprises. The use of clay minerals through their introduction into the fibrous base will reduce the hydraulic re-sistance of the sorbent layer, without using a sorbent of coarse fractions, which will preserve the area of the active absorbing surface. Wastewater treatment can be carried out by passing water through a sorption-filtering element. Cleaning installations can accommodate several sorption-filtering elements at the same time, which increases the efficiency of water purification. It is possible to usechemisorption composite material for cleaning silted drains without the threat of adsorbent clogging, and in return water supply systems, which will reduce the risk of depositing mineral salts on the walls of water purification equipment and ensure high-quality operation of treatment facilities.
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Loftus, Donna. „Men at Work: Art and Labour in Victorian Britain, and: Work: Ford Madox Brown's Painting and Victorian Life, and: Unpicking Gender: The Social Construction of Gender in the Lancashire Cotton Weaving Industry, 1880–1914 (review)“. Journal of Victorian Culture 12, Nr. 2 (2007): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jvc.2007.0029.
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Sugden, Keith. „Clapham revisited: the decline of the Norwich worsted industry (c. 1700–1820)“. Continuity and Change 33, Nr. 2 (August 2018): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416018000140.
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AbstractThis study utilises several sources of male occupational data to track the decline of the Norwich worsted industry, c. 1700–1820. The data show that the industry began to fall away during the second half of the eighteenth century, if not sooner, and earlier than has been previously realised. The transfer of the industry to the north of England began before the introduction of steam-powered spinning or weaving. Market competition, notably from Lancashire printed fustians and cottons, and the loss of export trade through war, were the likely causal factors.
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Loftus, Donna. „: Tim Barringer ,Men at Work: Art and Labour in Victorian Britain(New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2005), 392 pages, hardback, $65 (ISBN 0300103808); John Albert Walker ,Work: Ford Madox Brown's Painting and Victorian Life(London: Francis Boutle, 2006), 132 pages, hardback, £22 (ISBN 1903 42729 0); Jutta Schwarzkopf ,Unpicking Gender: The Social Construction of Gender in the Lancashire Cotton Weaving Industry, 1880–1914(Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), 228 pages, £55 (ISBN 9780754609803)“. Journal of Victorian Culture 12, Nr. 2 (Oktober 2007): 360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jvc.2007.12.2.360.
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Rafikov, Adham Salimovich, Ozoda Muhammadsodik Kizi Yuldosheva, Sardorbek Khodjibaevich Karimov, Mukaddas Shamuratovna Khakimova, Dilfuza Ozotovna Abdusamatova und Mavlonbek Rajabbaevich Doschanov. „Three in one: sizing, grafting and fire retardant treatment for producing fire-resistant textile material“. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 09.09.2020, 152808372095741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083720957410.
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In the weaving industry, cotton yarn undergoes mandatory sizing to uniformly pass the threads through the mechanisms of weaving machines, reduce breakage and improve the weaving process. Sizing is only necessary for weaving, and then sizing substances are removed from the fabric. With a successful combination of the sizing process and special processing of fabrics, significant progress is achieved in the technology of manufacturing fire-resistant fabrics and a significant economic, environmental effect. The purpose of the study is the development of a fire-retardant composition based on collagen, a method of grafting collagen to cellulose at the stage of sizing cotton yarn and obtaining fire-resistant textile material. By grafting a sizing composition containing collagen, polyacrylamide, boric acid, urea and potassium persulfate to cellulose, a highly effective fire-resistant material was obtained. The introduction of collagen and polyacrylamide in the composition sticks together the fibers of the yarn, at the same time makes the cotton material non-flammable when exposed to direct fire, reduces the time of smoke and the coefficient of smoke formation, which made it possible to obtain fire-resistant textile material belonging to a high category. By combining the processes of sizing and fire retardant processing of the main and weft yarns using biodegradable collagen, the technological operations of the production of fire-resistant material are reduced, which contributes to the conservation of natural resources and the solution of an acute environmental problem.
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-, Gaikwad S. A., und Jadhav B. S. -. „Labour Problems of the Cotton Textile Industries in Sangli District“. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 5, Nr. 1 (22.01.2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i01.1442.
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Labor is an important input in the process of any production. It plays a very crucial role in achieving the economic efficiency of the capital employed in the company. The cotton textile industry of Sangli District faces a number of labor-related problems. Especially after the Covid-19 pandemic, the industry is confronted with a large number of labor problems. The present investigation has attempted to examine the nature and extent of labor problems faced by the cotton textile industry of Sangli district. The study was conducted from a geographic perspective and an attempt is made to trace the magnitude of the problem across geographic location. For the present study, a total of 11 cotton textile industries, 10 clothing industries, 6 spinning mills, one weaving mill, one knitting mill, one yarn dyeing mill and one knitting mill were taken into account and data was collected through questionnaires and processed in SPSS and GIS. Data was collected in April 2022 and all results are based on the primary data. The results of the study show that the cotton textile industry of Sangli District mainly faces the problem of lack of availability of skilled labor, rising wage rates, rigid labor laws and inconsistent labor supply.
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Bamigbola, O. M., S. O. Adeyemo und K. Rauf. „A mathematical physics model for enchancing the productivity of the cotton weaving industry“. Journal of the Nigerian Association of Mathematical Physics 8, Nr. 1 (10.12.2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jonamp.v8i1.40015.
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Saleh, Mai Sabry. „"Identifying Allostasis and Some of its Predictors in Spinning and Weaving Cotton Industry Workers"“. Open Access Journal of Biomedical Science 4, Nr. 3 (15.07.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.38125/oajbs.000304.
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Moyer, James F. „“The Daughters Weave their Work in loud cries”: Blake, Slavery, and Cotton“. Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly 48, Nr. 3 (09.01.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.47761/biq.143.
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Commentators have noted Blake’s focus on spinning and weaving as images of labor in a new industrial situation, yet the persistence with which he compares female and child workers with African slaves—his critique of systemic slavery in cotton—also deserves careful treatment. For instance, Visions of the Daughters of Albion (1793) is the first of Blake’s attempts at an analysis, one sensitive to female vulnerability to labor exploitation. This considerably predates the works (for example, The Four Zoas, Jerusalem) in which critics see his deepest commentaries on industrialization, if not on a system with colonial slavery. Reading Visions in the context of the cotton industry helps reveal Blake’s critique of multi-site slavery and of conventional abolitionism, as does reading afresh the later works.
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Subramaniam, Shankar, Naveenkumar Raju, Abbas Ganesan, Nithyaprakash Rajavel, Maheswari Chenniappan, Albert Alexander Stonier, Chander Prakash, Alokesh Pramanik und Animesh Kumar Basak. „Impact of cotton dust, endotoxin exposure, and other occupational health risk due to indoor pollutants on textile industry workers in low and middle- income countries“. Journal of Air Pollution and Health, 10.03.2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/japh.v9i1.15080.
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The textile industry consists of several units that engage different processes namely ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, printing, and several other processes which required for converting raw cotton fiber into finished fabrics. Exposure to cotton dust, endotoxin, chemicals, noise, and musculoskeletal disorders causes several health-related hazards to textile workers. This review article aims to study the health issues due to various risk factors associated with the working environment in detail and its impacts on workers' health. This review article also reports dust and endotoxin concentrations in indoor environments of textile industries, as well as discusses the association between workplace exposure to cotton dust, endotoxin, and the prevalence of respiratory disorders. In this review, the focus is also given to the prevalence of indoor pollutants like Particulate Matter (PM), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Formaldehyde (HCHO) in the workplace and its effects on human health. The study expands to other aspects that influence human comfort and health during working hours like occupational noise, musculoskeletal disorders, and eyesight problems. In addition, the advanced technologies for monitoring indoor air quality for control and reduction of pollutants indoor environment the current regulatory limits of cotton dust and indoor pollutants, and suggestions to enhance the occupational safety and health conditions in textile sectors are also pointed out. In conclusion, the current study stresses the need to regulate and apply international standards in the textile sector to prevent short- and long-term occupational illness.
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„Erratum to : The Spatial Spread of Zilu Weaving (Cotton Carpet) Industry in Meybod of Yazd Province, Iran“. Japanese Journal of Human Geography 55, Nr. 1 (2003): 91b. http://dx.doi.org/10.4200/jjhg1948.55.1_91b.
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Nafees, Asaad Ahmed, Abdul Rehman Iqbal, Paul Cullinan, Sara De Matteis, Peter Burney und Sean Semple. „Use of Low-Cost Particle Counters for Cotton Dust Exposure Assessment in Textile Mills in Low- and Middle-Income Countries“. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 14.11.2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab102.
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Abstract Objective There is a lack of consensus on methods for cotton dust measurement in the textile industry, and techniques vary between countries—relying mostly on cumbersome, traditional approaches. We undertook comparisons of standard, gravimetric methods with low-cost optical particle counters for personal and area dust measurements in textile mills in Pakistan. Methods We included male textile workers from the weaving sections of seven cotton mills in Karachi. We used the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler with a Casella Apex 2 standard pump and the Purple Air (PA-II-SD) for measuring personal exposures to inhalable airborne particles (n = 31). We used the Dylos DC1700 particle counter, in addition to the two above, for area-level measurements (n = 29). Results There were no significant correlations between the IOM and PA for personal dust measurements using the original (r = −0.15, P = 0.4) or log-transformed data (r = −0.32, P = 0.07). Similarly, there were no significant correlations when comparing the IOM with either of the particle counters (PA and Dylos) for area dust measurements, using the original (r = −0.07, P = 0.7; r = 0.10, P = 0.6) or log-transformed data (r = −0.09, P = 0.6; r = 0.07, P = 0.7). Conclusion Our findings show a lack of correlation between the gravimetric method and the use of particle counters in both personal and area measurements of cotton dust, precluding their use for measuring occupational exposures to airborne dust in textile mills. There continues to be a need to develop low-cost instruments to help textile industries in low- and middle-income countries to perform cotton dust exposure assessment.
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Nafees, Asaad Ahmed, Muhammad Zia Muneer, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Masood Kadir, Sean Semple, Sara De Matteis, Peter Burney und Paul Cullinan. „Byssinosis and lung health among cotton textile workers: baseline findings of the MultiTex trial in Karachi, Pakistan“. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 30.01.2023, oemed—2022–108533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2022-108533.
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ObjectivesTo assess the association of exposure in cotton mills in Karachi with different definitions of byssinosis and lung health.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey took place between June 2019 and October 2020 among 2031 workers across 38 spinning and weaving mills in Karachi. Data collection involved questionnaire-based interviews, spirometry and measurements of personal exposure to inhalable dust. Byssinosis was defined using both WHO symptoms-based (work-related chest tightness), and Schilling’s criteria (symptoms with decreased forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). Values of FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio below the lower limit of normality on postbronchodilator test were considered as ‘chronic airflow obstruction’ (CAO).Results56% of participants had at least one respiratory symptom, while 43% had shortness of breath (grade 1). Prevalence of byssinosis according to WHO criteria was 3%, it was 4% according to Schilling’s criteria, and likewise for CAO. We found low inhalable dust exposures (geometric mean: 610 µg/m3). Cigarette smoking (≥3.5 pack-years), increasing duration of employment in the textile industry and work in the spinning section were important factors found to be associated with several respiratory outcomes.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of respiratory symptoms but a low prevalence of byssinosis. Most respiratory outcomes were associated with duration of employment in textile industry. We have discussed the challenges faced in using current, standard guidelines for identifying byssinosis.
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Okumura, Sumiyo. „The Hidden Story of the Quilted Cover in the Benaki Museum Collection“. Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.tsasp.0121.
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There is a big, green linen quilt cover, a so-called Mamluk quilt, in the collection of the Benaki Museum (Athens). It looks like a Mamluk cover in terms of colors and designs such as endless knots and flower motifs, but the emblem showing a double-headed eagle in the center of the cover is not the same as other Mamluk blazons. It raises the question of where and when this quilt cover was made. A similar type of linen textile, the so-called trapunto fiorentino, can be seen in a private collection in Florence. It shows similar motifs on the green-colored ground. Trapunto means “to quilt” in Italian, and it was made with a stuffed technique. The earliest surviving example of a tranpunto textile can be seen at the Victoria and Albert Museum (London) and the Bargello Museum (Florence). This linen quilt cover with scenes of the legend of Tristan and Isolde was made in Sicily, circa 1360-1400. Sicily was a famous weaving center under the Arab rulers. Sicilian fabrics labeled as “Siqili” were traded across Spain, Sicily, North Africa, Egypt, and Syria. Raw materials such as linen, cotton, and dyeing substances were imported to Sicily from Egypt and North Africa. After the thirteenth century, the weaving industry moved from Sicily to northern Italy. Fabrics made in Lucca, Florence, Genoa, and Venice were brought to the Levant together with other goods through maritime trade by the Genoese and the Venetians in the eastern Mediterranean. This paper will shed light on the hidden story of the linen quilt cover in the Benaki collection, examining its historical background together with material evidence found in museums and private collections.