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1
Deni, Saiful. "Praktek Etika Adminsitrasi Publik dalam Konstruksi Pencegahan Korupsi." Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi (JIA) 3, no. 5 (May 1, 2019): 54–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2656220.
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The question that should be answered when discussing corruption and it is preventive action is from the interest of public officials. The public officials have been a part of corruption problem in the state power. The action of corruptor have become syndrome for whom trapped in corruptive action. Various ideas or state ideas, non state ideas in preventing corruption are being intensified, but corruptions develop more and more. The rising corruption trend indicates abuse of power. The practice of public administration ethics is the idea in trying to analyze how to prevent corruption of Hegelian perspective dialectical idealism by formulating some synthesis as a new paradigm in the construction of the corruption prevention.
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Nadya Shahnaz Gabriella, Akbar Ramadhan Gumas, Ardinia Awanis Shabrina, and Febrianita Aisyah Putri. "Faktor- Faktor Penyebab Yang Menyebabkan Perilaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Di Kalangan Pegawai Negeri." Jembatan Hukum : Kajian ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Administrasi Negara 1, no. 2 (April 26, 2024): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.62383/jembatan.v1i2.188.
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Corruption originates from the Latin word corruptio, which was used by Aristotle in his book degeneratio et corruptione It means change or deterioration and has no connection to power or money . Corruption offenses fall under the category of special criminal acts, thus requiring specific measures to eradicate them Indonesian positive law regulates the eradication of corruption offenses in Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Offenses. Corruption is an extraordinary crime; its impact can harm democratic values, morality, national finances, and violate social and economic rights of the community It also poses a threat to the aspirations towards a better society. The factors that cause corruption are as follows: (1) Individual behavior, (2) Political factors, (3) Economic factors, (4) Legal factors, (5) Social factors This study aims to understand and provide information about corruption, types of corruption, and the factors that cause corruption in general.
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Sibani, Clifford, and Blessing Clifford-Sibani. "Religion and the Legal Institutional Combat against Corruption in Nigeria." NIU Journal of Social Sciences 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2024): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58709/niujss.v10i1.1808.
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Religion is man’s belief in the super abundant reality that controls the cosmic environs, propels humans’ worship and demand appeasement for pardon and favour. Corruption is the act of corrupting or the state of being corrupt, moral perversion; depravity, and perversion of integrity. The battle between religion and corruption in Nigeria is a moral one and calls for sanity and renewing of the mind. It has eaten deep into the fabrics of the nation with adverse effect on the poor masses. The perpetrating actors of corruption are found in all sectors of our nation but copiously amongst the elite and those in leadership. The objective of this research is to view the place of religious and legal institutions in combating corruptions in Nigerian. This research utilized historical approach as well as books, journals; internet materials etc as sources. It was able to examine corruption in Nigeria, holistic definition of corruption, nature and characteristics of corruption, evil of corruption, and the causes of corruption, legal and institutional fight against corruption in Nigeria, how religion aids corruption and the role of religion in combating corruption as a social responsibility/intervention in Nigeria. It recommends that religious institution should as a matter of urgency be the watchdog and the conscience of the common man in nation with respect to combating corruption in Nigeria. Keywords: Religion, Legal, Institutional, corruption, Combat, Nigeria.
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HERLAMBANG, HERLAMBANG. "REFORMULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY CONCEPT IN CRIMINAL ACT OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA BASED ON PANCASILA." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.1.1.19-28.
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AbstractThe successful action of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is influenced by the accuracy of formulating the Criminal liability concept of corruptors. Accuracy is needed in determining corruptor to convict those who take part in corruption cases so they can be responsible for their corruptions and be punished according to the regulation applied. This study used an empirical legal research methodology, composing into an article from several research reports. The current concept of criminal liability seems inadequate to arrest the doer that takes part in corruption which has been executed for his criminal responsibility. This indicates the discrimination in sentencing the corruptors. Different from regulation to charge doer in general crimes, a corruptor is charged based on the concept of individual responsibility, thus it is necessary to propose another responsibility which is developed based on Adat Law such as collectivity principle of responsibility
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HERLAMBANG, HERLAMBANG. "REFORMULATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY CONCEPT IN CRIMINAL ACT OF CORRUPTION IN INDONESIA BASED ON PANCASILA." University Of Bengkulu Law Journal 1, no. 1 (April 22, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ubelaj.v1i1.1329.
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AbstractThe successful action of eradicating corruption in Indonesia is influenced by the accuracy of formulating the Criminal liability concept of corruptors. Accuracy is needed in determining corruptor to convict those who take part in corruption cases so they can be responsible for their corruptions and be punished according to the regulation applied. This study used an empirical legal research methodology, composing into an article from several research reports. The current concept of criminal liability seems inadequate to arrest the doer that takes part in corruption which has been executed for his criminal responsibility. This indicates the discrimination in sentencing the corruptors. Different from regulation to charge doer in general crimes, a corruptor is charged based on the concept of individual responsibility, thus it is necessary to propose another responsibility which is developed based on Adat Law such as collectivity principle of responsibility
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Juarez-Garcia, Mario I. "Personal Corruption & Corrupting Laws: Montesquieu’s Twofold Theory of Corruption." Business Ethics and Leadership 4, no. 4 (2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(4).76-83.2020.
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Traditional views tend to identify the problem of corruption in the dishonesty of public officials. The main purpose of the research is to recover Montesquieu’s view of corruption and show that there are at least two different causes of corrupt behaviors. In The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu distinguishes “two kinds of corruption: one, when the people do not observe the laws, the other when they are corrupted by the laws; the latter is an incurable ill because it lies in the remedy itself.” Recent studies about Montesquieu’s account of corruption do not pay much attention to this distinction. This paper unpacks the two kinds of corruption. The first kind tracks a problem of individuals who use their public office for private gain. The second track is the deficiency of the laws that contradict social behaviors and, therefore, are obeyed exclusively out of fear and violated whenever possible. The distinction is relevant to the anti-corruption literature because it implies two different ways to eradicate corruption. Corruption as a problem of individuals can be solved with better enforcement of the law: improving monitoring systems, better rewards for honesty, or higher punishments. Personal corruption can be dealt with what Celine Spector calls “a legislative arsenal.” However, improving enforcement mechanisms is unlikely to solve the problem in corrupting laws, given that people violate the law due to the high standards that it imposes on them. The solution for the second kind of corruption is to remove or modify the corrupting law. Montesquieu promoted the separation of powers and the spirit of moderation in the legislators to avoid corrupting laws. The result of this investigation is the importance of distinguishing between the situations in which more coercion can eradicate corruption and those in which more force against corruption leads to despotism. Keywords: Corruption, Legislation, Moderation, Montesquieu, Separation of Powers, Spirit of the Laws.
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Alam, Dippo. "PERILAKU KORUPTIF PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM PERSPEKTIF KRIMINOLOGI DAN VIKTIMOLOGI." SUPREMASI HUKUM 18, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33592/jsh.v18i2.2664.
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Cases of corruption are still often heard in the media. There were 553 cases of corruption that were prosecuted by the KPK in 2021. Corruption during the reformation period is now increasingly widespread. There are several problems in eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Corruptive behavior in this article is discussed using the approach of criminology and victimology. The author uses a qualitative research method with a normative juridical type. Corruption is classified as a white-collar crime, where the perpetrators do not care about state losses. Criminal sanctions and administrative sanctions are expected to be able to reduce the number of corruption, although there is a possibility that the perpetrators of corruption are perpetrators who meet the provisions of the victim precipitation theory. In addition, piety to God is seen as important in preventing corruptive behavior, because it is closely related to self-control. On the other hand, the role of LPSK is expected to be able to protect whistle blowers as well as witnesses and victims in an effort to uncover the mastermind behind the corruption cases. Further research should be conducted to achieve more knowledge about the relationship between corruption and criminology and victimology related to the evolution of motives for corruptive behavior in its contribution to the cause of state losses, as well as the protection of witnesses and victims.
 Keywords: corruption, corruptive behavior, criminology, victimology.
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Mohas, Muhyi Mohas, Belardo Prasetya Mega Jaya, Mohamad Fasyehhudin, and Arizon Mega Jaya. "The Indonesia Government's Strategy in Arrest and Confiscation of Criminal Corruption (Corruptor) Assets Abroad." Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 21, no. 3 (March 28, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2021.21.3.2882.
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Eradication efforts of corrupting in Indonesia have been carried out, but until now there are still many corruption cases that have not been resolved in various ways by the perpetrators or corruptors. Corruptors often drain the funds from the results of corrupting, even the corruptors then go or run abroad. This raises problems in the process of law enforcement and recovery of financial and economic losses in the country, namely the mechanism for returning assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting abroad. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to (1) Explain how is Indonesia Government's strategy in arrest and confiscation of criminal corruption (corruptor) assets abroad. (2) Explain how is international treaties concerning the seizure of assets resulting from criminal acts of corrupting are abroad. The research method used in this research is qualitative with a juridical legal approach normative. The results showed that the cooperation between countries is the best strategy that can be done by the Indonesia government in overcoming problems of sovereignty. Some examples of these forms of international cooperation are extradition treaties (extradition), Mutual legal assistance in criminal matters (MLA). The mechanism for the return of assets in MLA consists of four stages of the asset return process (Article 46 Chapter IV, UNCAC).Keywords: international cooperation; eradication of corruption; confiscation of assets; extradition; mutual legal assistance in criminal matters.
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Syarbaini, Ahmad. "JARIMAH KORUPSI SEBAGAI KEJAHATAN LUAR BIASA." Jurnal Tahqiqa : Jurnal Ilmiah Pemikiran Hukum Islam 19, no. 1 (January 31, 2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.61393/tahqiqa.v19i1.269.
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Corruption comes from the Latin words corruptio and corruptus which means to bribe and corrumpere means to destroy. Corruption is included in the jarîmah, corruption in Indonesian law is: "Unlawfully committing acts of enriching oneself or another person or a corporation which can harm state finances or the state economy", the 'uqūbat is ta'zîr which is returned to Waliyul Amri ".. Meanwhile, terms that are close to corruption in Islamic studies are: "ghulūl, ikhtilâs, risywah and al-fasad and". Meanwhile, corruption according to Islamic criminal law is more about facades. The following are several reasons why corruption is considered an extraordinary crime: First; Corruption causes large and widespread damage, secondly; corruption is a systemic crime, third; corruption violates human rights, fourth; Corruption perpetrators will be punished severely, fifth; Corruption threatens world order.
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Fadhil, Moh. "PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM, INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI ANTI KORUPSI DAN PENCEGAHAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI." Journal of Research and Thought on Islamic Education (JRTIE) 2, no. 1 (February 25, 2019): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24260/jrtie.v2i1.1229.
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This paper will discuss Islamic Religious Education and internalization of anti-corruption values as the effort to prevent corruption. The effort to overcome corruption crime not only with prosecution and eradication, but also with prevention efforts. One of the prevention efforts is education. Therefore, it needs anti-corruption education model as the resistence efforts toward corruptive behavior and to internalize the value of morality. It has to do literatively to build anti-corruption view. The aim of this paper is to understand integration of anti-corruption values in Islamic Religious Education model. Furthermore, this paper also discusses transformation of Islamic Religious Education that integrating anti-corruption values as the prevention efforts of widespread corruptive behavior and to increase corruption perception index. In this case, Islamic Religious Education must be able to make a methodological transformation in terms of cognitive anti-corruption literacy in each learning activity to all those learners. Furthermore, by building an analysis of social symptoms and public issues with a research approach, it must be able to build public morality. The success of the concept will be able to internalize anti-corruption values and to increase corruption perception index in the world.
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Lestari, Sujiati, Hendra Alfani, and Dian Novitasari. "Social Criticism in Tekotok’s Hones Translator Corruptor Animation." Jurnal ASPIKOM 7, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v7i2.1133.
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Various criticisms toward corruptions in Indonesia, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic were conveyed by the public through social media, one of which was social criticism through the Tekotok’s animation on YouTube. This study aims to uncover the meaning behind the sign and how social criticism is depicted in the animation of the Tekotok’s Hones Translator Corruptor. This study uses a critical paradigm approach and used Roland Barthes’ Semiotics as a theory to uncover the meaning in the animation and discover myths. The research shows that Tekotok’s Hones Translator Corruptor displays social criticism that often occurs in real life, such as satire about the corruptor’s behavior, corruption and power relationship, and the lack of punishment for perpetrators of corruption. The myth found in the Tekotok animation is that the first actor who acts feels like a victim to be released from prosecution. The second asks questions about people in lower positions.
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Maria, Evi, and Abdul Halim. "PUBLIC GOVERNANCE DAN KORUPSI: BUKTI PENGUJIAN DARI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI KEAGENAN." Jurnal Akuntansi 11, no. 3 (October 31, 2021): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/j.akuntansi.11.3.223-234.
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This article explores public governance impact on the corruption’s probability in Indonesian local government practices. The research employs data of Indonesian local governments in 2012. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. The study results found that good public governance has a negative effect on corruptio’s probability. The results of this research conclude that the greater public governance index, the less the local government’s engagement in corruption. The results are rugged when area type is added as control variable. Area type do not affect the corruption’s probability in Indonesian local governments. This study found good public governance decreases the asymmetry of information between agents and principals, so that the opportunity to commit corruption are reduced. Improvement of public governance can be done by implementing e-Government to supervise the implementation of government activities and public services in local government, Indonesia.
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Soliman, Hussein, and Sherry Cable. "Sinking under the weight of corruption: Neoliberal reform, political accountability and justice." Current Sociology 59, no. 6 (October 20, 2011): 735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392111419748.
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The United Nations adopted the 2003 Convention Against Corruption to reduce corruption in developing nations. Corruption’s determinants include political systems’ permeability to economic influence, state economic intervention, weak political competition and officials’ discretionary power to allocate resources. Corruption’s outcomes are slowed economic development, misallocation of government resources, income inequalities and, less frequently, disasters. Using archival and interview data, this article documents corruption’s shaping of the 2006 sinking of an Egyptian ferry in the Red Sea, which killed 1034; high-level corruption not only caused the disaster but exacerbated its impacts. The study’s findings confirm much of the empirical literature but contradict assertions that corruption is associated with high levels of government intervention in the economy. Based on the findings, the article gives a critique of neoliberal reform that associates it with high-level corruption.
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Amoh, John Kwaku, and Abdallah Ali-Nakyea. "Does corruption cause tax evasion? Evidence from an emerging economy." Journal of Money Laundering Control 22, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-01-2018-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the corruption-tax evasion nexus and to establish the strength of relationships among corrupting activities. Design/methodology/approach The research applied structural equation modelling on selected data from the World Economic Forum Executive Opinion Survey on corruption activities and data on tax evasion triggering factors from the World Development Indicators and the Bank of Ghana to test two hypotheses. Findings The test of the first hypothesis suggests that corrupting activities significantly cause tax-evading activities in Ghana; hence, there is at least one corrupting activity triggering tax evasion. Testing the second hypothesis revealed that corruption in Ghana exhibits all of the five dimensions of corruption that were examined. Hence, there is correlation among the corrupting activities. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by the availability of data; hence, only data for selected variables for the period were examined. Practical implications The results are indicative that most emerging economies tend to have more than one type of dominating corruption dimension, which are tax-evading triggers. Originality/value The study extends the literature by examining the various dimensions of corruption, analysing the strength of their relationships and how they impact tax evasion in an emerging economy. By identifying and employing specific corrupting activities, there is a better understanding and appreciation of the corruption-tax evasion nexus in the revenue generation process. This may aid emerging economies in the drafting of tax evasion and corruption reduction policies/programmes to ensure the achievement of sustainable development goals.
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Bastida, Francisco, María-Dolores Guillamón, and Ana-María Ríos. "The Impact of Mayors’ Corruption on Spanish Municipal Spending." Revista de Contabilidad 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/rcsar.412721.
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We investigate the impact of mayors’ corruption on the size and structure of Spanish municipal budgets. The theory posits that total expenditure is greater in corrupt governments: €77.08 higher per capita in our sample when a corrupt mayor is in office. Moreover, the literature predicts that mayors (agents), will spend more on items directly connected with corruption, rather than expenditure priorities demanded by the citizens (principals). Thus, we show that total expenditure, capital, trash collection and police are higher when corruption exists. Literature predicts that corrupt mayors spend less on items that provide fewer opportunities to collect bribes: our data show that corrupt mayors do not spend more on health. Corrupt mayors spend on average 1.46 years on duty after being taken to court with a formal indictment on a corruption charge. This indicates that in Spain, sadly, resigning the mayoralty is not automatic when facing criminal charges for corruption. Investigamos el impacto de la corrupción de los alcaldes en el tamaño y la estructura de los presupuestos municipales españoles. La teoría postula que el gasto total es mayor en los gobiernos corruptos: 77,08 euros más per cápita en nuestra muestra cuando un alcalde corrupto está en el cargo. Además, la literatura predice que los alcaldes (agentes), gastarán más en partidas directamente relacionadas con la corrupción, en lugar de en los gastos demandados por los ciudadanos (principales). Así, mostramos que el gasto total, el gasto de capital, la recogida de basura y la policía son mayores cuando existe corrupción. La literatura predice que los alcaldes corruptos gastan menos en partidas que ofrecen menos oportunidades de sobornos: en este sentido, nuestros datos muestran que los alcaldes corruptos no gastan más en sanidad. Los alcaldes corruptos están una media de 1,46 años en activo tras ser llevados a juicio con una acusación formal por corrupción. Esto indica que en España, lamentablemente, renunciar a la alcaldía no es automático cuando se enfrenta a cargos penales por corrupción.
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Joković-Pantelić, Milica. "Characteristics and manners of corruptive acts described in feuilletons, records and short stories by Branislav Nušić." CM: Communication and Media 18, no. 54 (2023): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/cm18-46780.
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Branislav Nušić - whose descriptions of corruption and corruptive conduct of individuals and authorities of his time are presented and analyzed in this paper - humorously and accurately depicted situations, manners and character of the participants in corruptive acts. His observations reveal causes, reasons and motives of why people become involved in corruptive activities. Greed and gaining a social status, position and reputation at all costs reflect important character traits of the people resorting to corruption. Nušić particularly describes the use of the joint budget by people in power, bribing for positions in the hierarchy of power and of voters during the election process for members of parliament, the role of nepotism in gaining privileges, promotion and advancement in civil service and the profit provided by such status. Different events involving characters inclined towards corruption are described by Nušić through comic, tragic and farcical plots. The paper is aimed to use Nušić' s insight into his era to show how corruption as a phenomenon is dangerous when it involves individuals and society, and how difficult it is to stop or eradicate corruption to the extent that it cannot threaten social life. Nušić's descriptions of corruptive situations are still present in similar forms today. Nušić's message is that Serbia's political life is inundated in corruption. By their repetition over time, corruptive cases lead to the formation of corruptive patterns accompanying Serbia's political life to date.
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Rosa Pijar Cahya Devi and Yanhizbar Rotanza. "Efektivitas Ancaman Pidana Mati bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Indonesia dari Sudut Padang Hukum, Ham, dan Psikologi." KERTHA WICAKSANA 17, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kw.17.2.2023.147-155.
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Indonesia occupies the position of a country with a high corruption rate. This is shown by the increase in the corruption perspective index which will increase in 2022 to 43 points. In order to reduce the number of corruptions, policy makers provide a serious threat to corruption cases in Law Number 31 of 1999 on Corruption Crimes. Among the criminal threats imposed, the death penalty is one of the considerations as an appropriate method of punishment for massive corruption cases. The death penalty is expected to reduce the number of corruption crimes in Indonesia. Normative juridical research methods are used in this research to review legislation, research journals, and news relating to corruption and the death penalty. The research results obtained are that the death penalty is not solutive threat to reduce corruption in Indonesia.
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Satyal, Kedar. "Socio-Anthropological Understanding of Corruption and its Control." Prashasan: The Nepalese Journal of Public Administration 54, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/prashasan.v54i1.53221.
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Corruption is the misuse of power to obtain an unlawful advantage which depends on the power of actors, the profiteers, initiators, mechanisms and society where it takes place. Level, colour and activities are prime basis of classification of corruption. Before emergence of modern political thought religions have predominance over the corruptive act. Power and authority to misuse the position for involving improper actions and mistreatment by the agent to principal considered as an interactional, deterioration in morality as a normative and class based domination as a structural approaches of corruption. Socio-anthropological aspect elaborates corruption in terms of social norms such as democratic, psychological, micro analysis of gender as well as religious which vary with the structure of society. Klitgaard provided both conceptual and anti-corruption related formula to understand and control corruption. Different school and scholars provided different ideas regarding causes and dimensions of corruption. It is considered that the best socio-anthropological mechanisms to control corruption would be the legal, behavioural, gender, religious and collective approach with the primary focus against chronic corruption and clanism. However, the global nature of corruption, anti-corruption actions either institutional or legal provisions are established in each democratic country. As the value of CPI of In case of Nepal both types of mechanisms are established to control corruptive offences, but the value of CPI is low. That’s why the voice to control corruption differently, is raising now.
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Ibsaini, Ibsaini, and Mahdi Syahbandir. "PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN KORPORASI DALAM TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI PENGADAAN BARANG DAN JASA PEMERINTAH (Suatu Penelitian di Wilayah Hukum Pengadilan Tipikor Banda Aceh)." LEGITIMASI: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum 7, no. 1 (December 4, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v7i1.3965.
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This research examines a corporation responsibility in the corruption of governmental goods and services procurements. This research applies juridical empirical approach. In accordance with the Act of Corruption Suppression, the liability of the corruption cases of corporation is also involves its corporation regarding the corruption. Pursuant to Article 20 (1) in terms of the corruption committed by and over the name of a corporation, the charges and sentences can be impose toward the corporation and its administrators. However, at the Court for Corruption in Aceh (2013-2017), there are 36 cases of corruptions committed by the corporations that have never been held liable on them, meaning that the corporation has never been convicted due to the commission. This research is purposed to know the forms of corruption committed by corporations at the Court for Corruption in Banda Aceh, reasons for not being held the corporations liable for the corruption, and legal impact that might rise if the corporations are not held liable for corruption.
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Emirzal, Emirzal, Yohanna Magdalena Lidya Gultom, Vid Adrison, and Roby Arya Brata. "The correlation between state capture, grand corruption, petty corruption, and investment in Indonesia." Integritas : Jurnal Antikorupsi 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32697/integritas.v9i2.977.
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This study aims to find the correlations between various types of corruption, namely state cap-ture, grand corruption, and petty corruption, with foreign direct investment and domestic investment in Indonesia. Using ordinary least squares method, this study analyzes data on corruption court decisions that occurred in 509 regencies from 2015 to 2019. The results reveal that, whilst domestic investment shows clear and significant correlation only with grand corruption, the foreign direct investment has definite and significant correlations with both grand and petty corruption. In addition, grand corruption has a stronger correlation with investment, especially with the foreign direct investment, in comparison to petty corrup-tion. The state capture corruption, on the other hand, shows no significant correlation to either foreign direct investment or domestic investment. These results highlight that the high level of investment in Indonesia is accompanied by an increase in the number of corruptions, especially large-scale corruption such as grand corruption.
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Melenko, O. V., L. M. Hryndei, and O. V. Stratii. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS AGAINST CORRUPTION IN UKRAINE NOWADAYS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 5, no. 5 (October 2021): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392205.
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This article provides a complex analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine. The analysis is showing that a third of corruption crimes are committed in five regions of Ukraine, and a conclusion was made about the uneven corruption environment. It was found that in the structure of corruption crimes the largest part is occupied by administrative corruption crimes. In general, the structure of administrative corruption crimes in Ukraine is homogeneous. Almost all administrative corruption crimes concern violations of financial control requirements. In other words, the vast majority of Ukrainian corrupt criminals hide or distort information about their income and foreign financial investments. In the structure of criminal corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to obtaining illegal benefits and abuse of official position. On the other side, in the structure of disciplinary liability for corruption crimes, the largest share is occupied by offenses related to non-compliance with the requirements of financial control, a conflict of interests, and the receipt of illegal benefits. Based on a comprehensive analysis of corruption crimes in Ukraine, a behavioral stereotype of a Ukrainian corruptor has been developed. The logical sequence of actions of the Ukrainian corruptor has six stages: one's main interest is their own benefit, which excludes the interests of the nation and society; abuses one's official position; receives illegal benefits; rapidly accumulates material goods; stores money abroad; hides and distorts information about personal income. This article systematizes the psychological characteristics of a corruptor. The psychological portrait of a corruptor is formed by specific moral and psychological traits and socio-role characteristics, such as feelings of permissiveness and influence, envy, vanity, money cult, sociability, a propensity to risk, lack of empathy, careerism, ostentatious control. Ostentatious control means a demonstration of «poker face», which hides irresponsibility, unreliability, impulsiveness, emotional instability, aggression. The article proposes a number of institutional changes aimed at reducing the corruption environment in Ukraine.
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Bodruzic, Dragana. "Vice or coping mechanism? Bridging political science and anthropological approaches to the study of corruption." Critique of Anthropology 36, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x16654552.
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Political science and economics have dominated the study of corruption. Recently, anthropologists have questioned traditional definitions of corruption and have conducted a deeper inquiry into the interplay of cultural dynamics and corruption. However, despite the existence of two strands in anthropology—interpretive and political economy—anthropological contributions to the study of corruption have come primarily from interpretive anthropology. Anthropologists studying corruption have focused on narratives and on understanding corruption’s embeddedness in cultural logics. Ethnography, however, has also revealed the importance of fixed price in many instances of corruption. This paper argues that fixed price is an indicator of the systematization of corruption. Consequently, greater attention needs to be paid to how corruption is also embedded in political economy.
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Damm, Irina Alexandrovna, Evgenii Andreevich Akunchenko, Kseniia Sergeevna Sukhareva, and Margarita Andreevna Volkova. "Anti-corruption security: determination of threats and strategy for counteraction (overview of the 5th Siberian Anti-Corruption Forum)." Вопросы безопасности, no. 1 (January 2020): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7543.2020.1.31887.
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This article presents the results of the 5th Siberian Anti-Corruption Forum “Anti-corruption security: determination of threats and strategy for counteraction, held in Krasnoyarsk on December 19-20, 2019. The dialogue was organized by the Center for Combating Corruption and Legal Expertise, Law Institute of the Siberian Federal University, Governor’s Office of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Procesutor’s Office of Krasnoyarsk Krai, Administration of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation for Krasnoyarsk Krai, Krasnoyarsk Regional Office of the Association of Lawyers of Russia, and the Union of Criminalists and Criminologist. The rich program of the event allowed representatives of the scientific-practical community to discuss the phenomenon of security within the applied anti-corruption aspect. The following were key topics of the scientific-practical dialogue: the concept and content of anti-corruption security as a scientific category; determination and classification of the threats to anti-corruptions security; system of ensuring anti-corruption security; improvement of federal anti-corruption policy for ensuring anti-corruption security; state and trends of corruption crimes; subjective and objective determinants of corruption crimes; anti-corruption behavioral standards as the main rules of anti-corruption security; reserves of civil society in ensuring anti-corruption security; identification and overcoming corruption stereotypes in mass consciousness; stimulation of anti-corruption behavior as an alternative to legal responsibility for commission of acts of corruption.
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Quddous, Abdul, Aftab Anwar Shaikh, and Liaqat Ali Abro. "Solution of Corruptions in Pakistan through Legal Aspects." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 682–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00274.
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Pakistan's development is greatly endangered by the corruption problem. This issue necessitates the administration of justice. The primary cause of corruption is institutional dysfunction, which is negatively impacting our nation's reputation abroad. The goal of the current study, "Solution of Corruptions in Pakistan through Legal Aspects," is to categorize the various ways that corruption, a wicked practice, has crept into Pakistan's political system. In addition, the study aims to offer recommendations for the practical elimination of corruption as a societal ill via the Pakistani legal system.
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Tanimu, Kenneth, and Tani Tani Na'aman. "The role of secretarial professionals in tackling corruption." Journal of Professional Secretaries and Office Administrators 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2017): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.69984/jopsoa.v25i1.26.
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Various measures and strategies have been taking by different government in order to tackle corruption. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the categories of corruption, the causes and forms of corruptions adopted by the secretaries, the role of secretaries in tackling corruption. Secretarial profession is a career with technical skill that helps to achieve standard when code of ethics of the profession are properly followed. Therefore, for a secretary to tackle corruption must maintain the rules of his professional ethics code of conduct.
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Suwono, Suwono, and Jawade Hafidz. "Upside of Evidence by Public Prosecutor in The Case Corruption by Act No. 31 of 1999 jo. Act No. 20 of 2001 on Combating Crime of Corruption." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 1, no. 3 (September 10, 2018): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v1i3.3399.
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Corruption is a criminal offense that is remarkable. Remarkable because the mode used increasingly sophisticated, and as a result of corruption is very detrimental to the people and the state. Corruptor often me-take advantage of legal loopholes. Reverse authentication system implemented in the Act No. 31 of 1999 jo. Act No. 20 of 2001 on Corruption Eradication easier for prosecutors to prove that the defendant has committed the crime of corruption. In the system of proof, the defendant has the obligation to prove that the defendant did not commit corruption, and prosecutors also continue to prove that the defendant engaged in corruption cases.Keywords: Upside Evidence; Prosecution; Corruption.
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Sulaiman, Kamal-Deen. "Islamic-Ethical Norms as a Combat against Corruption in Contemporary Nigeria." Kardan Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 61–82. https://doi.org/10.31841/KJSSH.2021.18.
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Corruption in Nigeria is seen to stem from the abuse of administrative power of any kind, be it, judicial, political authority and financial dominance. Also, all corrupt acts are construed as lack of ethical norms from religio-moral perspective, and unjustin relation to the principles that safeguard rendering to everyone their due, thereby undermining communal harmony. As a result, the need to combat corruption in Nigeria has brought all stake holders much closer together by setting up various anticorruption agencies. This study therefore, aims at identifying the phenomenon of corruption, and the root causes of it in our Society. It will also examines the consequential effects of corruption on Nigeria as a Secular State and provide analysis on how the Islamic-Ethical Norms can help combat corruption using analytical method. The paper revealed that, corruption has different forms and manifestations; social, political, economic, administrative as well as the corruption of data and information. It also uncovered corruptions as a product of spiritual emptiness by adherence of Islam which is contrary to the basic principles of moral and values it advocate. It is equally evident that, Islam condemns corruption as a severe threat to proper social, economic, and ecological balance. Corruptions in Islam are taboo because it is considered a grave criminal offenses and a great sin. The paper also emphasized the need for instituting justice and reforming Islamic values because preserving people’s lives and their possessions are among the main purposes of Islam.
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Ghatak, Anirban, and Sudarshan Iyengar. "Corruption Breeds Corruption." Studies in Microeconomics 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2321022214522730.
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Milova, Tatyana, Kateryna Troshkina, Yevhenii Horlov, and Jaroslaw Dobkowski. "Country’s Brand and Corruption Level: Cointegration Analysis." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-28.
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The paper summarized the arguments and counterarguments in the scientific debate on the impact of corruption on a country's brand. The modern approaches to the analysis of corruption’s impact on the country's macroeconomic indicators were analysed. The authors justified that increasing the corruption’s level is considered as one of the most significant deterrents to the radical political and economic changes taking place in the countries by society. The main purpose of the paper is to analyse the long-term cause-and-effect relationships between Control of Corruption and the country's brand. Four European countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine) were selected as the object of the investigation, which pursued an evolutionary policy of reforming the political and economic system after the collapse of the Soviet Union, which encouraged the practice of eliminating corruption. The research period was 2000-2018. With a purpose to check the hypothesis of the investigation the 3-stage algorithm to estimate the long-term cause-and-effect relationships between Control of Corruption and the key parameters of the country brand is developed. The developed algorithm was based on the Augmented Dicker-Fuller test and granger casualty test. It is established that for Ukraine, the interconnections between Control of Corruption and International migrant stock, Control of Corruption and Exports of goods and services, Control of Corruption and Foreign direct investment had a unidirectional character of influence of the corruption’s level on the components of the country’s brand. The findings proved that 51.73%, 43.79% and 66% of the total fluctuations of International migrant stock, Exports of goods and services, Foreign direct investment depend on changes in the level of corruption in the country. The obtained results allowed concluding that for the European Union countries (Poland, Lithuania and Latvia) it was the country brand that had a positive impact on reducing the corruption’s level. It was justified that the choice of a specific model for combating the corruption’s level in the chosen countries significantly determined the course of their political transformation and influenced the change’s rate of the social and economic development. Keywords: brand, stakeholders, competitiveness, investors, corruption.
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Dr., Nagagouda R. Patil. "Corruption And Human Rights Linkages; Corruption Affects Human Rights." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 3, no. 8 (December 31, 2022): 202–4. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7527861.
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In modern days the term corruption has received significant attention towards the developmental activities. Modern states tend towards democratic ideas. In welfare states Human Rights are most popular and this right was violated because of corruption. Corruption is related to political institutions, economical institutions, non-government organizations, development professionals, judiciary, police and other institutions. To eradicate corruption different nations have taken so many measures, but still corruption is not eradicated. It has remained a constant challenge. Corruption is an old phenomenon. In these days it is used differently by different people to get their work done. Corruption is considered as a cancer of administration and it is social evil. Power corrupts the people and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Corruption weakens the governmental institutions and public offices and similar other organizations. This makes the Human Rights unpopular and people become discouraged from exercising their rights. The term Corruption comes from Latin word ‘Corruptio’ which means moral decay, wicked behavior. The definition of the term Corruption is giving something to someone with power so that he will misuse his power and act favoring the giver. In other words, the term Corruption is the offering, giving, soliciting or acceptance of an inducement or reward which may influence the action of any person.
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Batyrgareieva, Vladislava S., Andriy M. Babenko, and Sandra Kaija. "CORRUPTION IN MEDICAL SPHERE OF UKRAINE: CURRENT SITUATION AND WAYS OF PREVENTION." Wiadomości Lekarskie 72, no. 9 (2019): 1814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek201909220.
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Introduction: All social life spheres in Ukraine are influenced by corruption. Ukrainian citizens were inquired in order to determine corruption rate in various social spheres. It was conditioned by reforming criminal justice and administrative management, which is directed, particularly, for liquidation of corruption in the state. Special emphasize is stressed on corruption rate in the medical sphere. The aim of the article is to determine: 1) population’s attitude towards to corruption, in particular, in the medical sphere; 2) the most corruptive social spheres; 3) efficiency of anti-corruption measures; 4) readiness of population to participate into struggle with corruption. Materials and methods: The study is grounded on dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, sociological (special-purpose inquiry form, interview), statistic and comprehensive research methods. The study group consisted of 1 120 citizens and 513 medical and pharmaceutical professionals of Ukraine. Questions were related to: 1) citizens’ contact with corruption; 2) corruption expansion rate in state authorities, self-governing authorities, in various infrastructure spheres, particularly, in healthcare; 3) awareness about struggle with corruption in the state and in the region and determination of citizens’ readiness to cope with corruption. Results: Corruption contact level of citizens remains steadily high. Corruption in the medical sphere is the most widespread: during the previous year before the inquire 63% respondents were involved into corruptive schemes. Corruption in the medical sphere can be subdivided in the following levels: from patient to doctor; inside the hospital – from a healthcare institution employee to the executive hospital staff; on state level concerning state procurements of medications. A bribe to health care professionals was given for: receipt of a sick leave certificate and various references (for example, about unfitness for military service, fitness for driving a car or fulfillment of particular works); high-quality conduct of an operation, medical servicing rendering; writing out a “necessary” prescription; approval or hiding of any bodily injuries; falsification of a true cause of death. All health care professionals have come across different corruptive practices, among which the following payments are widespread: for employment in a hospital, license for private medical practice or establishment of private clinics, “avoidance” of checks of healthcare institutions’ activity. The largest bribes are given state officials for participation in tenders for medical drugs supply by pharmaceutical companies. All health care professionals have come across different corruptive practices, among which the following payments are widespread: for employment in a hospital, license for private medical practice or establishment of private clinics, “avoidance” of checks of healthcare institutions’ activity. Conclusion: Corruption on the sphere of medical practice is complex phenomenon. The conducted poll made it possible to structure the corruption problem, to see its various levels and levels. In respondents’ opinion, a scrupulous information campaign is a positive tendency: 45% consider this is a guarantee of anticorruption. Nevertheless, only 5% respondents assume personal notification of anticorruption bodies about receipt of a bribe by medical staff.
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Raiss Shaghaghi, Samaneh. "Does globalisation help China in fighting corruption? A PLS-SEM model." Hungarian Statistical Review 7, no. 1 (2024): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35618/hsr2024.01.en041.
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Corruption is considered one of the substantial challenges to economic growth and development worldwide. This study uses partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) techniques to integrate globalisation related, socio-economic and corruption determinants in assessing causal relationships between them and their effects on anti-corruption in China during President Xi’s launch of the anti-corruption campaign. The results of the authors’ analysis show that the determinants of globalisation have an indirect effect on the anti-corruption and socio-economic determinants and a direct effect on corruption. The negative effect of corruption’s latent construct on the socio-economic latent variable supports the ‘sand the wheels theory.
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Dominiuk, Ryszard Eugeniusz. "Korupcja w ujęciu historycznym i współczesnym. Pojęcie zachowania korupcyjnego na tle art. 229 k.k." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 2 (2020): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.02.09.
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The problematic aspects of corruptive behaviors has proven to be quite a challenge for modern times. Society is mostly aware that the fight against corruption is difficult, and elimination of this phenomenon seems impossible. Corruption spreads its influence due to incorrect perception of surrounding reality. Limiting corruption is complicated process reaching for psychological incentives and motives of people participating in this operation. It is said that just raising awareness about corruption is half of the success, but to achieve full “victory” it is necessary to change the attitude of people, especially youth, on the subject of this pathological phenomenon. As studies show, the essential element on limiting the corruption is to partake the educative actions. Prevention is also connected to psychology of human behavior, all the more, that this type of criminal activity can be commited directly and indirectly. Human always tries to achieve success, and corruption is this element, which on the surface seems beneficial. It starts from receiving small souvenirs. By taking part in such activity people become less neutral and objective. In the light of art. 229 k.k. corruptive behavior affects the subject, which actively takes the role of active party. In this manner such person is perceived as entrepreneurial. Considering the difficulties in determination of victim in such agreement, subject willing to take the active corruptive initiative, does not foresee the consequences of its behavior. It is considered as correct. Rationally speaking realizing the connection between legal and psychological aspect is considered a milestone in the fight against corruption. The perfection in legal regulation should be constantly supplemented with psychological analysis of corruptive behaviors.
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Yanto, Oksidelfa. "Efektifitas Putusan Pemidanaan Maksimal Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Korupsi Dalam Rangka Pengentasan Kemiskinan." Syiah Kuala Law Journal 1, no. 2 (August 15, 2017): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/sklj.v1i2.8471.
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Indonesia masih saja diselimuti awan gelap korupsi dengan berbagai ragam dan rupa pelakunya. Setiap pemimpin berjanji dalam masa pemerintahannya akan menghilangkan korupsi dan memberantas sampai ke akar-akanya. Namun, korupsi tetap ada dan tumbuh subur. Suburnya korupsi tersebut telah menimbulkan kantorng-kantong kemiskinan dalam masyarakat. Meskipun korupsi dan kemiskinan tidak memiliki hubungan langsung, namun dengan terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi akan memiliki dampak yang signifikan tumbuh suburnya kemiskinan. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, jenis penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Bahan-bahan yang sudah dikumpulkan selanjutnya dianalisa dengan metode deskriptif analitis, sehingga diperoleh gambaran terkait dengan permasalahan yang ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk efektifitas putusan pemidanaan maksimal bagi pelaku tindak pidana korupsi untuk memberikan efek jera kepada para koruptor adalah dengan memberikan pidana terberat yaitu pidana mati bagi para koruptor. Sebab koruptor telah mengambil uang rakyat. Uang rakyat yang dikorupsi tersebut sebenarnya bisa diperuntukkan bagi masyarakat yang kurang mampu, terutama untuk akses kesehatan dan pendidikan, sehingga kemiskinan dapat ditanggulangi.Indonesia is still being covered with dark clouds of corruption with various kinds and forms of its perpetrator. Every leader has promised in his reign will eliminate corruption and eradicate it to its roots. However, corruptions are still existed and flourish. The fertility of corruption has caused occurrence of poverty in society. Although corruption and poverty do not have a direct relationship, but by the occurrence of corruption will have a significant impact of growing poverty. In performing this research, the type of research that writers use is normative legal research, with data collection method used is literature study. The materials that have been collected are then analyzed by analytical descriptive method, so that the description is related to the problem. The results showed that the maximum effectiveness decision form for corruption actors to give deterrent effect to the corruptor is by giving the heaviest punishment that is capital punishment for the corruptor. Because corruptors have taken public money. The corrupted people's money can actually be allocated for the underprivileged people, especially for access to health and education, so that poverty can be overcome.
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Komanović, Lidija, and Bojana Dinić. "Relationships between the Dark Tetrad traits and the tendency towards corruptive behaviour: The mediating effect of corruptive rationalizations and the moderating effect of organizational ethical virtues." Psiholoska istrazivanja 27, no. 1 (2024): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/psistra0-47049.
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The Dark Triad/Tetrad traits are associated with various counterproductive work behaviours, including unethical behaviours such as a tendency towards corruption. The aim of this research is to further examine the mechanism and conditions under which the dark traits are linked to the corruption tendency. More specifically, we aim at investigating the mediating effect of corruptive rationalizations and the moderating effect of the organization's ethical culture, i.e., organizational ethical virtues, including the effect of moderated mediation. The sample consisted of 252 employees (58.3% female), aged 20 to 64. The results indicate that all dark traits, except psychopathy, have a significant direct and positive effect on the corruption tendency when considered all together in a regression model. Corruptive rationalizations are a significant mediator between Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism, on the one hand, and the corruption tendency, on the other. Unexpectedly, the organizational ethical virtues have not proved to be a significant moderator in the relationship between the dark traits and corruption tendency. However, it has been found that these traits are a significant moderator between Machiavellianism and corruptive rationalizations, but in an unexpected way. This implies that the link between Machiavellianism and corruptive rationalizations is stronger in cases of more pronounced ethical virtues in the organization. The results generally point to a higher importance of individual factors of corruptive behaviour, in contrast to organizational factors, and provide additional insights into the complex relationships between the individual factors and corruptive behaviour.
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Kazantseva, O. L. "ANTI–CORRUPTION EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS." Russian-Asian Legal Journal, no. 3 (October 2, 2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ralj(2023)3.3.
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Despite the formation of the legal and organizational foundations for the fight against corruption, theproblem of corruption continues to worsen. The article is devoted to topical issues of combating corruptionin the field of education, attention is paid to the useful experience gained at the Altai State University indeveloping new approaches to preventing negative situations in the educational field. The university activelycarries out anti-corruption education and anti-corruption training of employees and students. At the sametime, countering corruption in the field of education requires further improvement of regulatory legal actsand the introduction of new tools and methods.
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DONANDI S, SUJANA. "RECONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE INDEMNIFICATION FOR STATE FINANCIAL LOSS BY CORRUPTORS ON THE BASIS OF PROPORTIONALITY, EFFECTIVENESS, EFFICIENCY, AND FUTURE REACH." Asia Pacific Fraud Journal 2, no. 1 (June 2, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21532/apfj.001.17.02.01.01.
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ABSTRACTIn Indonesia, the concept of indemnification for state loss by corruptor has not met the elements of proportionality, effectiveness, efficiency, and future reach. Therefore, re-conceptualization of indemnification for state loss by corruptor is necessary to confront the cunning corruptor in hiding the proceeds of corruption. The re-conceptualization can be constructed by determining remedy sanction for every legal subject sentenced guilty to corruption. The remedy sanction should not only consider the amount of money corrupted, but also the time value of the money, the budget spent to handle the case, and the potential profits obtained when the money is used well as it should be. By this sanction, the amount of money determined as remedy sanction would be proportional and would not only cover as maximum as property acquired for the result of corruption as regulated by the current regulation. In addition, by this sanction, a civil lawsuit for the properties considered as the result of corruption that could spend much money and time would be no longer necessary. Someone convicted on corruption suppose to be automatically considered did default to his promise to the state. The default could be based on his failure in acting according to his official duty or based on an agreement in business relation between the legal subject and state. Should the corruptor couldn’t pay the remedy of state loss in full or partly, the remedy should not be replaced by prison sentence, but the remedy or the difference money should be reckoned as a debt to the state loss. Thus, the debt would be attached to the corruptor and would be a lifetime responsibility for the corruptor as long as he could not pay the debt to the state. The debt even would be continued by the heirs if the corruptor were pass away. Furthermore, this concept could reach the possibility that the wealth resulted of corruption would be used in the future because under these provisions, the future wealth gained by the corruptor could be executed as a part of the extinguishment of debt without considering whether the wealth were the result of corruption or not.
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Radević, Ivan, Nikša Alfirević, and Anđelko Lojpur. "Corruption, public trust and medical autonomy in the public health sector of Montenegro: Taking stock of the COVID-19 influence." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 8, 2022): e0274318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274318.
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In this paper, we analyze the influence of corruption perception, experiences of corruptive behavior, and healthcare autonomy on the public trust in Montenegrin healthcare, by surveying the general population before and after the global COVID-19 pandemic. By providing a quasi-replication of a previous empirical study of corruption and trust in the Croatian public healthcare sector, we introduce the COVID-19 pandemic as a new research context. Before the pandemic, we found a consistent and significant negative influence of the corruptive practices and the generally perceived level of corruption (corruption salience) on the trust in public healthcare. The emergence of COVID-19 had mixed effects: while there is a slightly higher effect of corruption salience to the preference of public healthcare, corruptive experiences still matter but are tolerated much higher than before the pandemic. Public assessment of the autonomy of the health system increases preference for public healthcare, both before and after the pandemic, although the emergence of COVID-19 somewhat lowers this effect. The obtained results point to the most significant challenges of the ‘post-COVID-19’ social context to public health policymaking and management of public healthcare institutions. These include focusing the public healthcare reforms on corruption, reducing waiting times for different diagnostics and medical procedures in the public healthcare system, and regulating the ‘dual practice’ (simultaneous work in public and private healthcare institutions).
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Rustamaji, Muhammad, and Bambang Santoso. "Interrelationship of Corruption and Ecological Disaster." Jambe Law Journal 2, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jlj.2.2.119-137.
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Human being and living quality of their global community very depends on environmental condition. Then, various policies, regulation managements, law enforcement and technical supervision are conducted in attempts of biological environment conservation. However, corruption has always been primary enemy for all aspects of the environmental conservation. Apart from all efforts that had been conducted, natural resource sector is, in fact, a fertile land for corruption. Unguaranteed property right aspect, unbalanced discretion, complexity management of natural resource product, and weakness of control are factors leading to ecological environment become vulnerable area of corruption. Ultimately, bad impacts of the environmental damage return to human being as ecological disaster on individuals as well as global people. Therefore, efforts of prevention such as to involve people in recognizing forms of corruption contributing to ecological disaster is important. Grand corruption (state capture & elite capture), middle class corruption and petty corruption are forms of corruptions of ecological environment that should be understood deeply by people.
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Stephenson, Matthew C. "Corruption as a Self-Reinforcing Trap: Implications for Reform Strategy." World Bank Research Observer 35, no. 2 (June 13, 2020): 192–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkaa003.
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Abstract Corruption is widely believed to be a self-reinforcing phenomenon, in the sense that the incentive to engage in corrupt acts increases as corruption becomes more widespread. Some argue that corruption's self-reinforcing property necessarily implies that incremental anticorruption reforms cannot be effective, and that the only way to escape a high-corruption equilibrium “trap” is through a so-called “big bang” or “big push.” However, corruption's self-reinforcing property does not logically entail the necessity of a big bang approach to reform. Indeed, corruption's self-reinforcing property may strengthen the case for pursuing sustained, cumulative incremental reforms. While there may be other reasons to prefer a big bang approach to an incremental approach, this conclusion cannot be grounded solely or primarily on corruption's self-reinforcing character.
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Kuznetsova, Ol'ga. "Transnational aspect of corruptive crime." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2023, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2023-4-134-141.
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Introduction. Undoubtedly globalization increased the scale and influence of such a dangerous phenomenon as corruption. The existence of corruption even at the national level affects the global economical, social and political processes. Transnational corruption is more dangerous negative phenomenon because it destroys management effectiveness not only at the local, regional or state level, but in the global scale, distorting conditions of international competitiveness and negatively affecting the domestic and foreign policies of independent states [1]. The transnational corruption may be considered as a way of negative influence on the sovereign countries, their domestic and foreign policies, economic and social systems. In this article we consider the notion and peculiarities of transnational corruption, its typical signs, and normative methods of influencing on it in some foreign countries. A special attention will be paid to the role of the transnational corporations (TNC) in creating and supporting the corruptive “atmosphere” in the world. 
 Methodology. In this article the author used common scientific methods of (analysis, synthesis, systemicstructural, deduction, induction) and private scientific methods (formally legal, comparatively legal, methods of grammatical transformations when translating, method of explanatory translation).
 Results. Corruption may be legally referred to international crimes, or more exactly, to the crimes of transnational character. The justice of such conclusion is conditioned with the fact that the corruption and corruptive crimes are prohibited with the international conventions which have already formed a coherent system of internationally legal acts about the responsibilities for corruptive activities, for instance, universal, cross-regional, regional and sub-regional acts. Moreover in some countries there are certain agreements.
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Xu, Yifan, Kekai Sheng, Weiming Dong, Baoyuan Wu, Changsheng Xu, and Bao-Gang Hu. "Towards Corruption-Agnostic Robust Domain Adaptation." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 18, no. 4 (November 30, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3501800.
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Great progress has been achieved in domain adaptation in decades. Existing works are always based on an ideal assumption that testing target domains are independent and identically distributed with training target domains. However, due to unpredictable corruptions (e.g., noise and blur) in real data, such as web images and real-world object detection, domain adaptation methods are increasingly required to be corruption robust on target domains. We investigate a new task, corruption-agnostic robust domain adaptation (CRDA), to be accurate on original data and robust against unavailable-for-training corruptions on target domains. This task is non-trivial due to the large domain discrepancy and unsupervised target domains. We observe that simple combinations of popular methods of domain adaptation and corruption robustness have suboptimal CRDA results. We propose a new approach based on two technical insights into CRDA, as follows: (1) an easy-to-plug module called domain discrepancy generator (DDG) that generates samples that enlarge domain discrepancy to mimic unpredictable corruptions; (2) a simple but effective teacher-student scheme with contrastive loss to enhance the constraints on target domains. Experiments verify that DDG maintains or even improves its performance on original data and achieves better corruption robustness than baselines. Our code is available at: https://github.com/YifanXu74/CRDA .
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Stratulat, Natalia. "Features of the functioning of leksem “corruption”, “corruptive”, “anti-corruption” in modern ukrainian legislation." Ukrainian Linguistics, no. 52 (2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/um/52(2022).19-31.
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The article is devoted to the characteristic features of the lexical units of the modern Ukrainian language, which ensure the compilation of normative texts of current national legislation. Given the openness of the legal language, the legal text as an expression of legal opinion is always under the influence of current social reality. Therefore, the content of normative legal acts meets the most important needs of today. Since normative documents undergo corresponding changes under the influence of significant social transformations, the issue of studying legal language (its composition and features) remains important among other areas of modern linguistic science. It is found that today in Ukraine, changes in legislation as one of the communicative and functional branches of the language of law have affected various areas of legal language creation, including the direction that describes anti-corruption activities. It is determined that the language of law as a kind of system is characterized by specific features and a certain language arsenal of means. The attention is focused on the fact that each area of legislation uses the corresponding lexical composition. This also applies to legislation describing the fight against corruption and corruption-related crimes. It is indicated that, since the lexeme “corruption” and its derivatives describe the standards enshrined in the text of the document, the proposed study presents the lexical compatibility of the units under consideration. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the lexical units “corruption”, “corruptive”, “anti-corruption” was carried out on the material of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”: their usage in the legal text was determined, the specifics of their functioning were revealed, the relevant phrases were singled out, the components of which are the analyzed lexemes, their role in the researched regulatory act of anti-corruption legislation is outlined. It was established that the analyzed lexemes often belong to the names of sections and articles of the regulatory document; also rare cases indicate that the units “corruption”, “corruptive”, “anti-corruption” are elements of stable terminological compounds. In addition, the existing variability of word combinations with used verbal signs was recorded.
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Mevc, Andrejka, and Milan Pagon. "Corruption in Public Administration Units and Organizational Measures to Prevent and Fight Corruption." Organizacija 41, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-008-0011-9.
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Corruption in Public Administration Units and Organizational Measures to Prevent and Fight CorruptionThis paper presents the results of a study that investigated the attitudes of civil servants in public administration units in Slovenia regarding corruption at work. The results show that civil servants employed in public administration units take corruption seriously. The employees' perceptions of corruption and their willingness to report the offender are closely connected to their opinion on how others - their colleagues - perceive it (i.e., how serious they find corruption and whether they are willing to report the offender). There are important gender differences regarding the perceptions of corruption, as well as differences in the function they have and their membership in organizational units. The authors conclude that it is necessary to develop and strengthen the feelings of the employees' security and increase the link between perceiving corruption and one's own judgment of the seriousness of corruptive behaviour, as well as to decrease the tolerance regarding corruption.
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Shlapentokh, Vladimir. "Corruption, the power of state and big business in Soviet and post-Soviet regimes." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 46, no. 1 (January 3, 2013): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2012.12.010.
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The growth of corruption after 1991 was probably unavoidable. The privatization of the state economy created favorable conditions for corruption, which did not exist before. The feudalization of a society, with its weakening of the state and the high autonomy of its office holders, was another major factor behind the outburst of corruption. However, while these “objective” factors account for a great part of corruption’s growth, the transformation of the leaders of the country to people who encouraged corruption for their own benefit—one of the major elements of feudalization—also played an extremely large role in spreading corruption inside the country. Corruption poses greater concerns to society in the long term. Russian corruption undermines labor ethics, particularly among younger generations. Russian youths firmly believe that bribes and connections are the best and perhaps only way to become successful. Widespread corruption creates a parallel, semi-feudal chain of command that competes with the official hierarchy. The weakness of law enforcement agencies, as well as the army—now almost totally demoralized—is, to a great extent, the product of corruption.
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Yusrizal, Yusrizal. "Tipologi Korupsi Serta Penanganan yang Berkepastian Hukum dan Keadilan." REUSAM: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2015): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/reusam.v3i1.1956.
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The concept of state law (rechtstaat) relating to corruption cases has to be conducted by implementing law enforcement, law certainty, and justice. Any kind of policy in relation to corruption eradication has to be done based on the application of legislation. The rule of legal officers in eradicating corruption is highly influenced by the integrity of morality and personal ethics (the maturnity of spiritual intelligence) by having good understanding on corruption eradication which is very significant in making a decision in relation to corruptor.
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Dion, Michel. "What is corruption corrupting? A philosophical viewpoint." Journal of Money Laundering Control 13, no. 1 (January 5, 2010): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13685201011010209.
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Le Billon, Philippe. "Corrupting Peace? Peacebuilding and Post-conflict Corruption." International Peacekeeping 15, no. 3 (June 2008): 344–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13533310802058851.
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Das, Nama Nishtha. "Corruption and Corporate Corruption." Anveshana: search for Knowledge 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23872/aj/2016/v6/i2/139212.
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Cragg, Wesley, Peter Larmour, and Nick Wolanin. "Corruption and Anti-Corruption." International Journal 58, no. 1 (2002): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203827.
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