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Oktaviani, Rachmawati Meita, Sartika Wulandari und Sunarto. „Multinational Corporate Tax Avoidance in Indonesia“. International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, Nr. 2 (01.03.2023): e01549. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i2.1549.
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Purpose: This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of foreign ownership, foreign directors, transfer pricing, and multinational corporation on tax avoidance.
Design/methodology/approach: The population of this study is multinational corporations listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2019. Using the purposive sampling technique, the sample obtained according to the criteria is 280 observations. Data analysis was using eviews 9 software based on panel data.
Findings: The results showed that foreign ownership had no significant effect on tax avoidance. Furthermore, foreign directors have no significant effect on tax avoidance. Likewise, transfer pricing as a proxy for related parties transactions also has no significant effect on tax avoidance. In contrast, the multinational corporation positively and significantly affects tax avoidance.
Research, Practical & Social implications: Foreign ownership, foreign director, and transfer pricing become the primary basis factors for tax avoidance of multinational corporations in Indonesia.
Originality/value: This study provides an academic contribution regarding the factors that influence tax avoidance by multinational corporations.
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Malkawi, Bashar H. „Editorial: Corporate governance and COVID-19 in the context of coming drastic changes“. Corporate Board role duties and composition 16, Nr. 3 (2020): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbv16i3editorial.
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Corporate governance faces a new set of challenges in light of COVID-19. Corporations would have to reduce their finance by assuming more debt and providing dividends for shareholders. This will lead to a stable financial environment. Corporations might choose among diverse interests that would include a mix of government interests and concentrated ownership. Also, as a result of increase in the use of technology, there will a shift in the bargaining power between capital and labor as corporations will have a wide spectrum in hiring employees worldwide. As we have seen over the past few years, there is increasing pressure to limit foreign investment in strategic sectors and focus on national security screening for foreign corporation accruing domestic firms. This trend is expected to continue as a result of COVID-19 as countries are trying to shore up their economics against external shocks. Moreover, there would be an increase in government ownership in corporations and other types of controls. The presence of the COVID-19 health crisis is likely to push the debate toward stakeholder perception of the corporation, shifting away – over the next few years – from shareholders’ interests. There could be even more focus on employees and the role they play in the corporation. Employees are expected to act as active players in running the affairs of the corporation. Overall, these topics are addressed in the current issue of Corporate Board: Role, Duties and Composition.
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Ng, Sin-Huei. „Exploring the relationship between “other block-holders” and the performance of family-controlled corporations in Malaysia“. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 7, Nr. 2 (01.06.2015): 117–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-03-2015-0028.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an exploration on how important are “other block-holders” in explaining the performance of family-controlled corporations in Malaysia. Three important groups of block-holders are identified for the purpose, namely the “foreign institutional investors”, the “domestic institutional investors” and the “government”. Design/methodology/approach – The sample was drawn based on the companies listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia. All the relevant block-holders’ ownership data are hand-collected from the annual reports published by the listed corporations and descriptive statistics together with regression analysis are employed. Findings – Overall it is found that the presence of a second block-holder in family-controlled corporations leads to better performance compared to the corporations where the controlling families act as the sole block-holder. Moreover, this study finds that the identity of the block-holders with the extent of their ownership is important in explaining the performance. Specifically, “foreign institutional investors” and “government” are found to be significant in terms of the extent of their equity holdings and the performance of these corporations, respectively. Conversely, no such relationship is found in the equity holdings of “domestic institutional investors” and the corporation performance. Such finding may imply the possible limited ability and constraints faced by the “domestic institutional investors” in Malaysia to exert effective monitoring and pressure on the management for enhanced corporation performance. Originality/value – Many studies researched the influence of family ownership on the performance of family-controlled corporations but there are limited studies conducted on the influence of “other block-holders” in affecting the performance of these corporations. This paper is an attempt to provide an initial exploration on how important are these “other block-holders” in explaining the performance of these corporations in the context of a small emerging economy, Malaysia.
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Akhtar, Zia. „Greenhouse Gas Emissions, “Event Attribution” and Locus Standi in Foreign Courts“. Environmental Policy and Law 50, Nr. 4-5 (12.03.2021): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-200233.
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The liability of multinational entities that have caused greenhouse gas emissions through their extraction activities in the fossil fuel industry has pushed climate change on to the international agenda. Those corporations now face challenges from litigants who have initiated negligence or nuisance actions for breach of duty of care. Suits against individual corporations are now possible due to the development of attribution science that can register the extent of each liability. Litigants from third-world countries have to satisfy locus standi in bringing claims which is difficult to establish in some jurisdictions. For example, in Lliuya v. RWE, (Az. 2 O 285/15, OLG Hamm) 24/1/2017, a South American farmer brought a claim in Germany against RWE-AG, Germany’s largest electricity producer, to challenge the effects of greenhouse gas emissions from its plant in Peru. This paper asks: Is it possible for foreign litigants to bring a private tort action against the defendant corporation that has allowed greenhouse gas emissions, in that corporation’s domestic courts, and to surmount the obstacle of locus standi? It concludes that it is possible for litigants from developing countries to litigate effectively because the foreign courts’ statutory protections, such as the doctrine of separation of powers or political rights doctrine can be overcome if climate litigation is viewed as a human rights matter. The prospects of success of litigants has increased by the impact of event attribution science that can quantify the extent of private actor liability in climate change.
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Bergström, Ola. „Workforce reduction across borders: The role of legal frameworks“. Journal of Industrial Relations 60, Nr. 2 (27.09.2017): 224–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185617731805.
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This article reports on a case study of a Swedish multinational corporation where human resource practices were successfully transferred to its foreign subsidiaries in the context of extensively regulated host country institutional environments, offering an opportunity to provide a deeper understanding of the role of legal frameworks when transferring human resource practices within multinational corporations. The findings indicate that the transfer of human resource practices was not simply a matter of passively adapting to host country legal frameworks. A more balanced conceptualisation of the role of legal frameworks in human resource practice transfer is needed, including a view of law as negotiable and open to interpretation and that host country institutional environments can also contribute to and support multinational corporations to transfer human resource practices across foreign subsidiaries.
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Grewal, Rajdeep, Amit Saini, Alok Kumar, F. Robert Dwyer und Robert Dahlstrom. „Marketing Channel Management by Multinational Corporations in Foreign Markets“. Journal of Marketing 82, Nr. 4 (Juli 2018): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jm.16.0335.
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Multinational corporations (MNCs) are adopting increasingly diverse and complex marketing channels to sell their products worldwide. They strive to manage channels that confront diverse demands from headquarters, foreign subsidiaries, and local partners as well as complex market environments. Because extant research on MNCs’ marketing channels is sparse, the authors propose an organizing framework to spur and guide research on MNC channel management. As a meta-theory that integrates economic and social elements of MNC channel management, the political economy perspective is used to propose two testable frameworks pertaining to determinants of (1) MNC marketing channel structures and processes and (2) MNC marketing channel outcomes. Building on these frameworks, the authors advance a research agenda to test substantive relationships, elaborate new constructs, and illustrate new contexts pertaining to MNC marketing channels. A set of propositions illustrates the applicability of these conceptual frameworks.
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Oneal, John R., und Frances H. Oneal. „Hegemony, imperialism, and the profitability of foreign investments“. International Organization 42, Nr. 2 (1988): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818300032847.
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Socialists at the turn of the century explained modern imperialism as an attempt to escape the crisis of monopoly capitalism. “Super-profits” that could be secured in the periphery, according to Lenin, were necessary to offset declining rates of return in the advanced economies. Today, radical theorists stress the role of the multinational corporations in accounting for neocolonialism. If great national power does produce material benefits for foreign investors, this should be apparent in two cases: the experience of British capitalists in the “high age of imperialism,“ 1870–1913, and the operations of U.S. multinational corporations abroad after World War II. But rates of return on foreign investments have not been significantly different in the developed and less developed regions of the world—a finding that is relevant not only for theories of imperialism but also for understanding development and modernization, the operation of the multinational corporation, and international capital markets.
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Husisian, Gregory. „Risk Management for Multinational Corporations: Sentencing Guidelines Proposals Reflect Evolving Compliance Norms“. Global Trade and Customs Journal 5, Issue 7/8 (01.07.2010): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2010035.
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In recent years, the U.S. government has become increasingly aggressive in enforcing U.S. laws designed to regulate international conduct of multinational corporations. As a result, multinational corporations face multiplying compliance concerns as they seek to comply with U.S. sanctions and antimoney laundering requirements, export control rules, and the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). In this article, the author develops the proposed amendments and their implications for multinational corporations attempting to manage the risks posed by these complicated and nuanced laws.
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Lindell, Erik. „Foreign Policy Export Controls and American Multinational Corporations“. California Management Review 28, Nr. 4 (Juli 1986): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41165213.
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Shlikhter, A. „«Green» Strategy of American Corporations“. World Economy and International Relations, Nr. 7 (2013): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-7-12-21.
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To date, the American corporate management has fully understood that the neglect of ecological business aspects can merely provide temporary benefits. The "Green Strategy” is important not only for companies' image, but also for their robust margins in the long run. The principle "pollutant pays" is really applied in the U. S. environmental management practices. This article aims to analyse the " Green Strategy”implementation by American and foreign companies operating inside the U. S. territory.
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Tsygalov, Yu M., und M. M. Korigova. „DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMS OF MOTIVATION AND REMUNERATION OF THE TOP MANAGEMENT OF CORPORATIONS“. EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 3/1, Nr. 135 (2023): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2023.03.01.019.
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Motivation and remuneration of the top management of corporations is always in the area of special attention in both foreign and domestic research. The public believes that the high incomes of top managers are not justified and are not supported by real achievements. If the mechanisms for determining wages in Russian corporations with state participation are partially regulated, then in public joint-stock companies the issues of remuneration of top management, according to the owners, are an internal matter of the company and are not subject to regulation. The lack of regulation opens up wide opportunities for the use of various mechanisms of motivation and remuneration, which reflect the specifics of the corporation and social policy in relation to top management employees. The purpose of the study is to identify the best practices and reserves of Russian companies in matters of remuneration for the top management of a corporation. The object of the study is the remuneration of the top management of corporations. The subject of the research is the mechanisms of remuneration of top managers of companies. Research methods are applied: analysis, synthesis, generalization, modeling and classification. Main results: in order to increase the effectiveness of motivation systems, it is necessary to strengthen the long-term and strategic orientation of motivation and remuneration, reduce the share of remuneration “from what has been achieved”, and develop option programs based on preferential distribution of company shares. It is advisable in motivation systems to provide for penalties for large losses of the company that have arisen through the fault of the company’s executive management.
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Yao, Qin, und Eric C. Schwarz. „Transnational venue management corporations and local embeddedness“. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 18, Nr. 1 (06.02.2017): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-05-2016-0008.
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Purpose The case of the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai, China raises an important issue with respect to transnational venue management corporations embedding and operating in foreign markets. The purpose of this paper is to examine how Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) has implemented social embeddedness strategy to influence the management structure and enhance operational performance of the Mercedes-Benz Arena. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach was chosen to examine the social embeddedness of AEG through the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Shanghai. An in-depth interview was conducted with John Cappo, the President and CEO of AEG China, in April 2016. In addition, the relative news and interviews of leaders from AEG and AEG China over the past ten years was also collected. Qualitative content analysis of the data was conducted through a coding approach. All the materials were coded into three main categories based on three aspects of social embeddedness: local stakeholder relations, reputation and trust-building, cultural and institutional adaptation. Findings AEG has demonstrated how a transnational venue management corporation can successfully integrate social embeddedness strategy with the management structure and operational procedures of the Mercedes-Benz Arena in three ways. First is through the relationship between AEG and its partners in the joint venture, OPG in terms of the enforcement of the contract, the clear division of responsibilities, and the mutual understanding and use of relationship building. Second is the relationship between AEG and the local government in Shanghai. Third was adapting the structures of AEG to fit within local culture and institutional contexts. Originality/value The unique multi-stakeholder relationship inherent to venue management in China raises important questions with respect to transnational venue management corporations operating in foreign markets. The adaptation to the local context, as a moderating factor to the institutional exposure of a venue management company involves more challenging obstacles for non-local firms, compared to firms which are familiar with their institutional context. Understanding the key solutions in building relationships and trust with partners in joint venture and local government, as well as the key methods to adopt in local contexts, have applications across any number of sport industries.
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Gousev, Alexandr B., und Maksim A. Yurevich. „Regional Development Corporations: Foreign Experience and Russian Practice“. Journal of Institutional Studies 13, Nr. 3 (25.09.2021): 069–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17835/2076-6297.2021.13.3.69-80.
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The article is focused on the chronology and classification of territorial development agencies (corporations) as an instrument of state regional policy. The paper shows the threat of transformation of the potentially constructive role of corporations into a negative plane. The example of Poland illustrates the EUʼs intervention in the countryʼs internal affairs through regional development corporations as contact points. In Kazakhstan, the first wave of social and entrepreneurial corporations, which were created in 2006–2007 on an extraterritorial basis, caused an internal conflict between the elites, which led to the reformatting of this institution and its subordination to the existing system of regional management (“one district – one region”). The pluralism of approaches to the formation of a network of regional development corporations (“bottom-up” – “top-down”, monoterritoriality – extraterritoriality, etc.) provides opportunities for managerial experimentation, the results of which in the territory of the Russian Federation were expressed in the mass of economic and managerial structures at the federal and regional levels. At the same time, the macroeconomic success of their joint activities remains unclear. For the Russian Federation, the model of consolidation and development of the internal economic space on the basis of corporations of macroregions representing a set of neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and historically having economic ties of varying degrees of breadth and strength seems appropriate. The model under consideration is based on a new institution of state ownership (macroregion ownership), which allows solving the problems of economic integration of territories by building extraterritorial production and economic complexes.
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Alruwaili, Talal Fawzi, Ebrahim Mohammed Al-Matari, Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal und Nasareldeen Hamed Ahmed Alnor. „The influence of ownership structure on corporation performance: Evidence from Saudi listed corporations“. Corporate and Business Strategy Review 5, Nr. 1, special Issue (2024): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv5i1siart18.
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The significance of a company’s ownership structure (OST) is reflected in how it impacts the process of making decisions and the allocation of profits within the organization. Based on that, this article aims to inspect the connection between OST and corporation performance (CP). The current study employed an empirical strategy that entailed the development of comprehensive ordinary least squares (OLS) measures, which were then applied to a sample of 199 financial and non-financial firms listed on the Saudi market between the years 2015 and 2021, amounting to a total of 1393 observations. The statistical findings supported the impact of managerial ownership (MGOW), institutional ownership (INOW) and government ownership (GOOW) on CP. On the contrary, foreign ownership (FOOW) and ownership concentration (OWCO) have a negatively significant relationship with CP. This article is one of the few empirical studies that look at how OST affects CP. In addition, it is the first study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) that examines the impact of the OST components (administrative, institutional, foreign, governmental ownership, and ownership concentration) on the performance of companies in all sectors of financial and non-financial companies.
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Бунич, Г. А., und Т. Г. Боввен. „Managing foreign exchange risks of multinational corporations“. Экономика и предпринимательство, Nr. 2(127) (11.04.2021): 999–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2021.127.2.199.
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В статье рассматриваются методы управления валютными рисками ТНК на основе хеджирования. Валютные риски в условиях валютных войн и нестабильности мирового финансового рынка становятся наиболее актуальными. Деятельность ТНК напрямую сопряжена с валютными рисками. Управление валютными рисками происходит с помощью: форвардов, фьючерсы, опционы и свопы. В настоящее время ТНК используют хеджирование покупкой или продажей производного финансового инструмента. ТНК используют различные стратегии хеджирования, применяя различные комбинации инструментов хеджирования. В статье проводится анализ эффективности хеджирования валютных рисков на примере корпорации Toyota Motor Corporation. Применение вaлютных форвaрдов в кaчеcтве инcтрументов хеджировaния нa примере компaнии Tоyоta докaзывaет cвою эффективноcть в долгоcрочной перcпективе, тaккaк оптимaльно учитывaет риcки волaтильноcти курcов вaлют. The article discusses the methods of managing foreign exchange risks of TNCs on the basis ofhedging. Currency risks in the context of currency wars and instability of the peaceful financial market are becoming the most relevant. The effectiveness of TNCs is directly associated with currency risks. Currency risk management is carried out with the help of: forwards, futures, options and swaps. Currently, TNCs use hedging bybuying or selling a derivative financial instrument. TNCs use different hedging strategies, using different combinations of hedging instruments. The article analyzes the effectiveness of currency risk hedging on the example ofToyota Motor Corporation. The use of currency forwards as hedging instruments, based on the examples of Toyota, proves its effectiveness in the long term, as it optimally loads the risks of currency exchange rate volatility.
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Lu, Xingyu, Tong Qi und Wenjing Xie. „Earnings Management of Chinese Listed Multinational Corporations“. China & World Economy 31, Nr. 6 (November 2023): 179–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12513.
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AbstractThis study evaluates the quality of accounting information provided by Chinese multinational corporations (MNCs) in relation to the issue of earnings management. Using a combined dataset of outward foreign direct investment and financial statements by Chinese firms publicly listed on A‐share markets between 2012 and 2017, we investigate whether Chinese MNCs are more inclined to manage earnings. We discover that these firms exhibited significant earnings management behavior and typically adjusted their earnings downward. We demonstrate that these effects were more pronounced among private MNCs than state‐owned firms, and in host countries with weaker institutional quality. Further research reveals that after delaying the confirmation of current earnings, Chinese MNCs received higher government subsidies, and this pattern was particularly prevalent among private MNCs. We find no evidence that Chinese MNCs manipulated earnings to avoid paying taxes.
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SHUBRAVSKA, Olena. „AGRARIAN CORPORATE SECTOR: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK“. Economy of Ukraine 2019, Nr. 2 (16.02.2019): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2019.02.062.
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The author considers the development of theoretical and methodological foundations for research of agrarian corporations and the corporatization process of the agrarian sector of Ukraine’s economy. It is found that the current domestic legislation does not contain a single and comprehensive definition of a corporation in general and an agrarian corporation in particular. Meanwhile, their existing definitions show some inconsistency in the interpretation of the definition of a “corporation” in various legislative acts. Formation of corporations is inseparable from the processes of concentration and integration. The main features of the institutional unit affiliation with the corporate sector are: the pooling of resources (capital and/or property), internal structuring and separation of property rights from the rights of management (control). The corporation is an economic system with certain social functions. The corporate segment in agriculture is formed of agricultural enterprises, their associations and cooperatives. At the same time, agrarian corporations should not formally include the state and private enterprises with a sole proprietor, as well as farms. The agrarian corporate system is not homogeneous either in composition or in the nature of regulation. It should be structured according to certain characteristics (for example, according to the size of land-use and/or livestock). Accordingly, the development trends of various segments, their impact on the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators and the effectiveness of the state regulation of the industry should be examined. Ukraine’s agrarian corporate sector demonstrates a generally positive development dynamics. It produces almost half of all agrarian output and more than half of plant-growing. Agricultural corporations make the main contribution to ensuring a positive balance of foreign trade in agricultural products. At the same time, corporations are responsible for distorting the structure of exports, namely for the prevalence of several groups of commodities in exports. Holding entities, whose activities are not legalized, dominate in the agrarian corporate sector.
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Schellekens, Leo. „Foreign Direct Investments, Transnational Corporations and Management Training Options in Africa“. Management Education and Development 22, Nr. 1 (April 1991): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135050769102200106.
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Kohlhase, Saskia, und Jochen Pierk. „The effect of a worldwide tax system on tax management of foreign subsidiaries“. Journal of International Business Studies 51, Nr. 8 (02.12.2019): 1312–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00287-9.
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AbstractUnder a worldwide tax system, firms pay taxes on their domestic income and repatriated foreign income, whereas under a territorial tax system repatriated foreign income is exempt from taxation. We examine whether worldwide tax systems reduce the incentives of multinational corporations to engage in tax management in their foreign subsidiaries. Using two quasi-natural experiments, we show that multinationals lower the effective tax rates in their foreign subsidiaries after countries switch from a worldwide to a territorial tax system. Thus, multinationals subject to a worldwide tax system face competitive disadvantages compared to competitors from countries with a territorial tax system.
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ДУАНЬ, Л., und У. С. БОРИСОВА. „HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN CHINESE FOREIGN-FUNDED ENTERPRISES“. Экономика и предпринимательство, Nr. 9(158) (18.11.2023): 1346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.158.09.261.
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В настоящее время, когда глобализация становится все более совершенной и широкомасштабной, развитие транснациональных корпораций стало сложной задачей, связанной с развитием бизнеса, внешним управлением и координацией внутренних ресурсов. Некоторые транснациональные корпорации в Китае в период своей деятельности нуждаются в больших местных ресурсах для более удобного управления и постановки конкретных целей развития регионализации. Эти предприятия с участием иностранного капитала могут осуществлять долгосрочную и стабильную деятельность в Китае, среди которых важным фактором является совершенное и эффективное управление людскими ресурсами. С другой стороны, они встречают препятствия на пути управления, обусловленные культурными и языковыми различиями. В статье анализируются некоторые проблемы и недостатки развития, возникающие в процессе локализации людских ресурсов предприятий с участием иностранного капитала в Китае, такие как отсутствие внимания к корпоративной культуре, межтерриториальное управление, интеграция повышения квалификации и профессиональной подготовки, ускорение процесса локализации персонала, рациональная структура вознаграждения. The increasingly perfect and widespread era of globalization, the development of multinational corporations has become a challenge for enterprise development, external management, and internal resource coordination. Some multinational corporations in China require a large amount of local resources in their business processes to facilitate management and establish specific regional development goals. These foreign-funded enterprises can operate stably in China for a long time, and effective human resource management is an important factor. On the other hand, they encounter management barriers caused by cultural and linguistic differences. This article analyzes some problems and development deficiencies in the localization process of human resources in Chinese foreign-funded enterprises, such as a lack of attention to corporate culture, international management, integration of skill enhancement and training, and accelerating the process of talent localization. Reasonable salary structure.
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Țaran, Alina, und Marilena Mironiuc. „Influence of Local Versus Foreign Corporations, as Shareholders, on Financial Performance of Romanian Listed Companies“. Review of Economic and Business Studies 11, Nr. 1 (01.06.2018): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2018-0066.
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AbstractIn the actual context of global mobility of investors and capitals, diverse categories of local and foreign shareholders (institutional investors, governmental agencies, corporations or individual investors) influence business activities, management and results of the owned entities. Shareholders’ monitoring ability is related to their interests and their involvement in the investee’s business. This study contributes to the on-going debate referring to local and foreign shareholders and investigates the influence of both local and foreign corporate shareholders on financial performance of Romanian listed companies during 1997-2016. Results of fixed-effects panel regression analysis reveal that local corporations positively influence the profitability of their affiliates, as measured by ROE. However, foreign corporate shareholders do not significantly influence financial performance of Romanian entities. Thus, the expected benefits associated with foreign ownership do not enhance the performance of local companies. These findings helps future privatisation or investment decisions in Romanian listed companies. Moreover, the results raise further questions regarding the interests of foreign companies investing in Romanian stock market.
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Novicevic, Milorad M., M. Ronald Buckley, Michael G. Harvey, Jonathon R. B. Halbesleben und Susan Des Rosiers. „Socializing ethical behavior of foreign employees in multinational corporations“. Business Ethics: A European Review 12, Nr. 3 (Juli 2003): 298–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00329.
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Vladimirova, Irina, Natalia Konina und Viktor Efremov. „Transnationalization of multinational corporations: Peculiarities and trends“. Upravlenets 11, Nr. 4 (04.09.2020): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-4-6.
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The paper aims to identify the distinguishing features of transnationalization of international companies in the context of globalization. It discusses the specifics of companies operating in international markets, that carry out foreign direct investments, have representative offices, branches, subsidiaries and joint ventures abroad, as well as conduct international commercial operations. The authors interpret, clarify and verify the development trends and peculiarities of international companies in foreign markets. The methodological platform includes conceptual approaches to the study of the transnationalization of companies’ activities and theoretical provisions of international management. The research is based on UNCTAD and Orbis databases. Analysis of the largest companies reveals that there is an increase in the indicators characterizing their foreign activity. We study structural change in the largest corporations and, above all, a rise in the share of digital companies and their growing importance. Having assessed the transnationalization level of international companies’ activities and FDI lightness, we conclude that transnationalization in the current environment is not associated with companies’ investments in high-value assets. The research results show there are significant changes in the structure of cross-border transactions, such as exchange of goods, services and factors of production. There is a shift from FDI-based cross-border transactions to non-capital outflows.
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Burunova, Olena, Sergii Gushko und Volodymyr Kulishov. „THE PARADIGM OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS ON THE BASIS OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD“. Latgale National Economy Research 1, Nr. 7 (21.10.2015): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2015vol1.7.1179.
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The paper investigates the process of strategic management and missions of a multinational corporation on the basis of the model of the balanced scorecard (BSC) formation. Due to the trends in modern management, the development of a company’s strategy, and the estimation of its efficiency are carried out with increasing frequency by means of scorecards. Thus, the aim of the research is to explore the paradigm of strategic management of multinational corporations within the framework of implementation of the model of an enterprise scorecard in an ERP system. The topicality of the research is determined by the necessity to implement the worked out in detail monitoring of company’s activity in a strategic focus, which will allow increasing the operationability and efficiency of administrative decisions and controlling the most essential financial and non-financial performance indices. In the course of work, the authors were guided by the principles of systemic and dialectical approaches to explore the problem. Thereat methods of logic and factor analysis, swot analysis, scenario planning, approaches to grouping, comparison, generalization, interconnection of the theoretical and practical aspects of the work of multinational corporations were used. They serve to deepen the theoretical and methodological aspects referred to the formation of the accounting and analytical information and implementation of the balanced scorecard model in the process of institutionalization of informative economy. It is well-proven that optimization of a business strategy of companies contributes to realization of the information support mechanism of the accounting and analytical systems under the condition of ERP introduction- systems for the improvement of methods of accounting, control and analysis. It gives an opportunity to efficiently manage the resources of corporations, to regulate their production load, to control quality and push their products forward to foreign markets. It has been found out that, taking into account these tendencies, it is possible to construct a pay card of the system of indices according to the levels of acceptance of administrative decisions on the basis of all main business processes of a corporation.
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Axarloglou, Kostas. „Multinational Corporations and Inertia in Foreign Direct Investment Flows“. International Trade Journal 21, Nr. 4 (14.11.2007): 359–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08853900701597827.
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Zharikova, Оlena, und Kateryna Cherkesenko. „PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT ISSUES IN MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS OF THE WORLD ECONOMY“. Economics & Education 6, Nr. 3 (25.11.2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2500-946x/2021-3-7.
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Today the modern world is on the verge of a redistribution of transnational corporations, which compete with each other for new spheres of influence, markets of production and outlet, technology and maximum possible profits. Globalization and internationalization of production and capital, privatization, the creation of world political and economic associations, and the liberalization of trade have placed them at the center of modern economic development. The article reveals the issues of personnel management development in transnational corporations of the world economy. On the basis of the research theoretically and practically grounded theoretical and methodological approach to the organization of activities of transnational corporations in the globalization processes of the economy. The practical significance of ways and forms of organization of activities of transnational corporations in ensuring the development of international production, sales, trade and financial complex with a single decision-making center in the host country with its branches, representative offices and subsidiaries is analyzed. Research shows that transnational corporations have an important function in the development of the modern world economy. They directly affect the economies of recipient countries, accelerate the internationalization of economic life, as well as the scientific and technological process. Attracting foreign direct investment gives a country access to the financial resources of TNCs, as well as facilitates its integration into global economic processes and access to foreign markets. Transnational capital has created a new system of international relations, which has led to the formation of supranational institutions of governance. In addition, TNCs are actively influencing the processes of globalization. This article discusses the risks associated with the personnel of TNCs and the ways of economic and social protection of employees. In recent years, the international labour market has used the social package as a form of remuneration for work, which should be broadly understood as the employer's provision of material benefits in the form of fringe benefits, compensation, privileges and social guarantees. The social package can be implemented with the help of existing legislative mechanisms, such as contractual regulation of collective labour relations, normative regulation of labour in local legal acts of business entities, the written form of the employment contract.
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Liuhto, Kari, und Jari Jumpponen. „THE INTERNATIONALIZATION PROCESS OF THE LARGEST BALTIC CORPORATIONS“. Journal of Business Economics and Management 4, Nr. 1 (30.03.2003): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2003.9636035.
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A relatively high percentage of Baltic corporations have already started their operations abroad, over 40% of the companies studied. It is surprising that the approaching EU membership docs not seem to be the driving force of the Baltic corporations’ internationalization, though the EU is clearly the major export destination. The empirical evidence shows that the operations of the Baltic companies in foreign markets, have concentrated on the ex‐CMEA countries, especially on the former USSR. The empirical data indicates that most of the operations abroad are related to marketing, such as the foundation of their own representative office or their own sales unit in a foreign market.
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Goto, Gen. „Legally "Strong" Shareholders of Japan“. Michigan Business & Entrepreneurial Law Review, Nr. 3.2 (2014): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.36639/mbelr.3.2.legally.
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Foreign investors often criticize Japanese corporations for not paying enough attention to the interests of their shareholders. It might surprise these critics, then, to learn that shareholders’ legal rights under the Japanese Companies Act are actually quite strong. Indeed, many of the rights that shareholders’ rights advocates often support, including shareholders’ power to alter a corporate charter without board consent, shareholders’ power to control dividend payments, majority voting for board elections, shareholders’ power to replace the board of directors, and shareholder access to a corporate ballot—all of which are strongly debated elsewhere— are already effective in Japan. Moreover, derivative suits are easily initiated and maintained. Shareholders of Japanese corporations are, therefore, in an arguably stronger position than those in, for example, the United States. Still, notwithstanding these Japanese statutory rights, foreign investors’ criticisms persist. Two questions arise from this debate. First, why are shareholders of Japanese corporations unable to leverage their strong rights to force corporate management to prioritize shareholders’ interests? Alternatively, why are shareholder activists inactive in Japan? Second, if the existing shareholders’ rights are not actually used for activism, are they completely meaningless? Or, do they have alternative effects, whether positive or negative? This article answers these questions by summarizing and categorizing the rights of shareholders of Japanese corporations into two characteristics. First, shareholders of Japanese corporations have strong class-based rights with respect to decision-making on a wide range of matters related to the corporation and ample opportunity to take an initiative. These rights might, in fact, be too strong, inducing managers to insulate themselves by engaging in so-called “cross-shareholding” (kabushiki mochiai) relationship, which in turn likely weakens the rights of other shareholders in practice. The lack of support provided to activist shareholders by other shareholders, especially those in these cross-shareholding relationships, is the primary cause of activist ineffectiveness in Japan. When cross-shareholdings are unwound, however, these shareholder rights function as a latent threat on managers, disciplining them. The keys to ensuring that classbased shareholder rights are meaningful are, thus, distribution of share ownership and restraint on management’s attempt to manipulate this distribution. Unfortunately, it is not easy to unwind already-established crossshareholdings through regulatory intervention. Second, shareholders also possess strong individual rights to raise issues with the corporation, either by asserting a shareholder proposal or filing a derivative suit, neither of which would the corporation disrupt for the interest of other shareholders. These rights, again, might be too strong, incentivizing individuals to take advantage of them in pursuit of personal goals, rather than for the good of the corporation. Yet, whether the use of these individual rights amounts to an abuse hinges on an evaluation of the benefits achieved, namely, the supply of diverse views through shareholder proposals and the deterrence effect of derivative suits. Possible future reforms to Japanese law ought to consider how to strike the right balance of power for shareholders of Japanese corporations.
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Brown, David H., und Mohamed Branine. „Managing people in China's foreign trade corporations: some evidence of change“. International Journal of Human Resource Management 6, Nr. 1 (Februar 1995): 159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09585199500000008.
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Widiastuty, Erna, und Noorlailie Soewarno. „CSR Expenditure and Company Performance: Charity or Signal? Evidence from Indonesia“. Quality Innovation Prosperity 23, Nr. 3 (30.11.2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v23i3.1273.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study are: first, to investigate CSR expenditures made by public companies in Indonesia are whether aimed at the charity, and second, whether CSR expenditure is related to the corporate’s performance in the future.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The samples are taken from 53 companies registered at the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Measurement of CSR expenditure uses monetary unit because CSR expenditure is the actual expenditure of the company. Company performance variables use ROA and CFO.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The result indicates that CSR expenditures by companies in Indonesia are aimed at charity and are not related to their future performance. In addition, the CFO is also not related to CSR expenditure. This finding indicates that the expenditure of corporate CSR in Indonesia is only limited to fulfilling corporate social responsibility to the community without expecting repayment and to fulfill applicable regulatory obligations. Thus the resulting decision is a charity decision, not a signal.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Sample in this study is limited to only company that reports CSR expenditure data in its annual report. The problem is that this disclosure is not mandatory in Indonesia so we cannot put all of public companies into our study. Our findings must be interpreted with this sample limitation problem.</p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> Our study contributes to understanding of motives of corporation in CSR spending. Corporations that operate in Indonesia are not only local corporations. Some are foreign companies that operate in Indonesia. Even though this Indonesian-based foreign corporation has its CSR program running in Indonesia, the program actually made by its home office abroad. While the CSR activity is used as signal in the home country, the purpose is not the same in Indonesia.
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Rivera, Jorge, und Chang Hoon Oh. „Environmental Regulations and Multinational Corporations' Foreign Market Entry Investments“. Policy Studies Journal 41, Nr. 2 (Mai 2013): 243–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psj.12016.
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KIM, WAN-SOON, und YOU-IL LEE. „Challenges of Korea's Foreign Direct Investment-Led Globalization: Multinational Corporations' Perceptions“. Asia Pacific Business Review 13, Nr. 2 (16.03.2007): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13602380701223001.
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Kim, Bongjin, John E. Prescott und Sung Min Kim. „Differentiated governance of foreign subsidiaries in transnational corporations: an agency theory perspective“. Journal of International Management 11, Nr. 1 (März 2005): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2004.11.004.
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ŻAK, Katarzyna. „Implementation of the green governance concept and green management practices in corporations of EBRD regions – selected issues“. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization and Management Series 2021, Nr. 150 (2021): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2021.150.28.
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Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to identify the level of involvement of the corporations of the EBRD regions in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development, and to evaluate the applied solutions in the field of green management. Design/methodology/approach: The research methods used in the paper include the review of Polish and foreign literature, and the analysis of data from secondary sources. The desk research analysis was conducted on the basis of numerical information contained in the publication entitled "Transition Report 2019-20" and presented on the website of The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). Findings: The result of the conducted research include the indication of the corporations in the countries of the EBRD regions that are leaders in the field of green governance and green management, and identification of factors and the extent to which they have an impact on the implementation of sustainable development postulates. Research limitations/implications: The presented findings encourage further research to determine the causes of drastic differences in the field of green governance and green management in the studied corporations of the EBRD regions and the possibility of limiting them. Practical implications: The analysis and evaluation of the implementation of the main practices of green management in the corporations of the EBRD regions allow to identify leaders in this area and apply the model of their operation (benchmarking) to improve the position of the organizations that show deficits. Social implications: The use of the presented data, analyses and conclusions should imply further actions and strategies in enterprises necessary to implement the concept of sustainable development. Originality/value: The paper synthetically presents the significance of the concept of green governance and the application of green management practices by corporations from the EBRD regions
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Volk, Stefan, Tine Köhler und Markus Pudelko. „Brain drain: The cognitive neuroscience of foreign language processing in multinational corporations“. Journal of International Business Studies 45, Nr. 7 (12.06.2014): 862–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jibs.2014.26.
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Reiche, B. Sebastian. „The configuration of employee retention practices in multinational corporations’ foreign subsidiaries“. International Business Review 17, Nr. 6 (Dezember 2008): 676–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.09.004.
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Li, Haiyang, Yan (Anthea) Zhang und Marjorie Lyles. „Knowledge Spillovers, Search, and Creation in China's Emerging Market“. Management and Organization Review 9, Nr. 3 (November 2013): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/more.12036.
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AbstractPrior research and the articles included in this special issue demonstrate that in emerging markets in general and in China in particular, knowledge spillovers exist between foreign firms and domestic firms. As domestic markets become more sophisticated, and competition between domestic firms and foreign firms becomes stronger, knowledge is flowing to and being sourced in many different directions: from overseas head offices to foreign firms then on to domestic firms; from domestic firms to domestic firms; and from domestic firms to foreign firms, and back to the multinational corporations' head offices in the form of reverse spillovers and reverse innovation. We propose that knowledge spillovers, search, and creation in an emerging market are a dynamic and reciprocal process with knowledge flowing between and among foreign and domestic firms. This represents a fertile field for future research and we have identified a number of areas ripe for study.
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Zorska, Anna. „Knowledge Development and Transfer in Foreign Subsidiaries and Their Parent Transnational Corporations“. International Journal of Management and Economics 40, Nr. 1 (17.10.2014): 7–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2014-0026.
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Abstract The article aims at analysis of knowledge-oriented growth of TNCs' foreign subsidiaries, their transformation and evolving participation in knowledge development by parent transnational corporations (TNCs). The author's concept of increasing involvement of foreign subsidiaries in leveraging knowledge in TNCs' organizations is presented with a focus on a new process of “creative transition” by corporate foreign subsidiaries and its implications for the parents and host economies. The research method is based on integration of concepts, elements and instruments used in international management and international business to investigate the evolution of the knowledge development process in TNCs' cross-border organizations. The analysis of knowledge development and transfer in TNCs, and growth of their foreign subsidiaries as well as key factors of expanding their knowledge-oriented activities reveals the “creative transition” process which is underway in the subsidiaries. It leads to their increased participation in the knowledge development by TNCs and implies some results for parent firms and host economies. It is concluded that the knowledge-oriented activity of foreign subsidiaries can result in possible capturing valuable knowledge co-created by domestic entities what can imply weakening innovativeness and competitiveness of the host economies. The problem of knowledge-oriented activity of TNCs' foreign subsidiaries and its domestic impacts has not been investigated in Polish publications yet. The article offers a conceptual basis for further theoretical and empirical research with a focus on impacts in a host economy resulting from the knowledge-oriented activity of TNCs' foreign subsidiaries and shows a necessity to work out a fair approach to sharing benefits of knowledge creation and utilization in the host economy.
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SAMBHARYA, RAKESH B. „FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS AND INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS“. Strategic Management Journal 17, Nr. 9 (November 1996): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0266(199611)17:9<739::aid-smj846>3.0.co;2-k.
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Won, Gu-hwan. „An analysis of asset turnover ratios in local development corporations“. Korean Association for Local Public Enterprises 19, Nr. 1 (30.06.2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24020/kjlpe.2023.19.1.47.
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The government is proposing to promote structural reform, strengthen financial soundness, strengthen public-private cooperation, and reorganize the management system in the direction of innovation of local public institutions. In order to strengthen financial soundness, this study analyzed the asset turnover rate over the past 10 years for local development corporations, which account for the largest proportion among local public enterprises, and the analysis results are as follows. First, the asset turnover rate of the urban development corporation is relatively low compared to that of domestic private companies or foreign similar companies. Second, the performance of asset turnover by type is the highest return on equity, followed by non-current asset turnover, current asset turnover, and total asset turnover ratio. Third, as a result of dividing metropolitan cities and metropolitan provinces, it was analyzed that the level of turnover ratios in metropolitan provinces was relatively higher than that of metropolitan cities in all asset turnover indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply an indicator to determine whether equity capital is undevervalued in relation to equity capital turnover ratio, and consider increasing the weight of management evaluation on the total asset turnover index. It is necessary to strengthen measures to utilize cashable assets in various ways, and to verify whether asset turnover indicators are efficiently managed in mid-to long-term financial management plans in management evaluation indicators.
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Kaosa-Ard, Mingsarn Santikarn. „Hiring and Localization Policies of Transnational Corporations in Thailand“. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, Nr. 3-4 (September 1992): 683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100314.
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This article assesses the effectiveness of policies adopted by transnational corporations (TNCs) concerning the hiring of local staff and localization of top management positions in Thailand. A boom in direct foreign investment in Thailand since the mid-1980s has created a strong demand for engineering and technical staff. In view of the shortage of local supply, skill formation and training programs for local employees at all levels are emphasized. Differences in policy among Japanese, American and European TNCs are noted, with localization noticeably less likely among Japanese TNCs.
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Natke, Paul A. „The Export Behavior Of Domestic And Transnational Firms In Brazilian Manufacturing“. Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 2, Nr. 4 (01.11.2011): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v2i4.6557.
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Some developing nations face mounting foreign debt and a need to generate greater export earnings. Reaction by individual firms to government solutions (e.g. export incentives) will determine whether such efforts will succeed. Transnational corporations are often viewed as superior to Brazilian firms as exporters and evidence here suggests they are. As foreign ownership rises so does export propensity. The influence of export subsidies is mixed suggesting that overall government policy is more important than one specific policy. Comparative advantage does not appear to exert a strong influence at the firm level.
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Khattak, Mohay Uddin Khan, Asheq Rahman und Ahsan Habib. „Inside the “Black Box” of Ownership Structures in Russia: Evidence from Stock Price Synchronicity“. Journal of International Accounting Research 19, Nr. 3 (01.07.2020): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jiar-19-532.
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ABSTRACT Ownership structure, an important feature of corporate governance, acts as a determinant of the opacity of firms. This study penetrates the “black box” of the ownership structures of Russian corporations, identifies their salient features, and examines the effects of those features on the information environment (stock price synchronicity) of the corporations. Examining a sample of companies listed on the Moscow Exchange, we find that stock price synchronicity is: (1) positively associated with divergence between control and cash-flow rights of the ultimate owner; (2) negatively associated with the ownership concentration of the ultimate owner; (3) negatively associated with companies controlled indirectly by the state through holding corporations with the presence of oligarchs; and (4) negatively associated with firms with transparent oligarchs. Analyzing the economic impact of the results, we find the presence of non-transparent oligarchs and foreign-offshore holdings has the most adverse effect on stock price synchronicity.
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Loginovskiy, Oleg V., Aleksandr L. Shestakov und Kristina A. Korennaya. „Information and analytical support of strategic management of enterprises in global instability conditions“. Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Ser. Computer Technologies, Automatic Control & Radioelectronics 22, Nr. 2 (April 2022): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14529/ctcr220210.
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It is shown that the strengthening of the role of strategic management of industrial enterprises and corporations that has taken place in recent years requires the creation of new developments in the field of both improving the strategies for managing manufacturing companies themselves and the formation of appropriate information and analytical support for the mentioned process. The aim of the work was the need to develop an up-to-date information and analytical support for the strategic management of enterprises in the context of global instability in the world and a tough confrontation between Russia and the West. In this regard, the implementation of effective management of industrial enterprises and corporations is becoming an increasingly difficult task, the solution of which depends on an increasing number of factors, not only direct, but also increasingly significant indirect impact. Materials and methods. The study of the origin, formation and development of ideas of strategic management of industrial enterprises and organizations showed that the implementation of operational and strategic management of enterprises cannot be carried out, as was done in the very recent past, based on the experience of managers and simple unambiguous schemes development of management decisions. Based on the analysis of the development of scientific ideas, foreign and domestic approaches and conceptual provisions for the strategic and operational management of industrial companies and corporations, a set of scientific provisions for the formation of information and analytical support for the development of the strategy of Russian companies, based on the results of practical experience and scientific developments of the authors. Results. The proposed set of scientific provisions for the development of information and analytical support for the strategic management of enterprises in the context of global instability enables the leaders of these enterprises to increase the validity and effectiveness of their activities. Conclusion. Because foreign and domestic experience in managing enterprises and organizations, scientific research on the strategic and tactical management of companies of the past years, by now, has ceased to make it possible to effectively manage the development of companies. The complex of scientific provisions presented in the article and the algorithm of strategic management of industrial enterprises and corporations is a necessary element for improving the quality of strategic management of manufacturing companies in today's extremely tense and unstable conditions for doing business and business in our country.
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Pei Sze Ng und Asri Marsidi. „Social Disclosure and Governance Among Malaysian Corporations“. International Journal of Business and Society 23, Nr. 3 (19.12.2022): 1888–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5218.2022.
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The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) disclosure among Malaysian leading corporations on Bursa Malaysia. The research is carried out due to the relatively low awareness and inconsistency with respect to the CSR disclosure particularly in Malaysia. The study uses the annual reports and data stream to collect the data of 50 Malaysian top corporations on Bursa Malaysia in 2015. The multivariate analysis suggests that the audit committee expertise and the foreign shareholding have significant relationships with CSR disclosure in Malaysia. In this sense, having a clear understanding on the corporate governance characteristics is perceived as able to increase the disclosure of CSR information to the respected stakeholders. The study therefore contributes to the theories, literature and practice. In this perspective, the study highlights the importance of having a sound corporate governance structure in enhancing CSR information disclosure. In overall, the results of the study can be regarded as valuable to the corporate players, corporations, relevant statutory authorities as well as other related parties.
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WASHINGTON, MICHELLE L., und ZANETA CHAPMAN. „ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY AS AN EXTERNALITY OF INWARD FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN EMERGING ECONOMIES: PANEL DATA FROM ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, COLOMBIA AND SOUTH AFRICA“. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 19, Nr. 01 (März 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946714500046.
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Many emerging economies seek multiple and diversified means of economic development, including openness to inward foreign direct investment. However, some scholars and protectionists claim this hosting of economic activity on the part of multinational corporations (MNCs) might in fact be detrimental to economic development. This paper seeks to address these concerns by using panel data from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and South Africa to investigate a mediational relationship among inward foreign direct investment, skilled labor supply and entrepreneurial activity in the emerging economy context. Our results provide empirical evidence of later stage entrepreneurial activity as a spillover effect of inward foreign direct investment and that this indirect effect is fully mediated by the pool of factory workers.
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Faff, Robert W., und Andrew Marshall. „International evidence on the determinants of foreign exchange rate exposure of multinational corporations“. Journal of International Business Studies 36, Nr. 5 (22.06.2005): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400155.
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Cui, Yu Shu, Hong Ling Shao und Li Yan Ma. „The Review on Project Management of Wood Carbon Sequestration Materials“. Advanced Materials Research 427 (Januar 2012): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.427.203.
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The forest carbon sinks play an important role in controlling the Greenhouse Gas emissions. The project management of wood carbon sequestration materials will be helpful to attract more and more enterprises to step into forestation, reforestation and technology development for improvement of forest management. That will create a sustainable situation that governments, NGO and corporations join together. Based on the domestic and foreign literature, the paper sorts out the current literature in the direction of forest carbon sequestration managements are from five aspects such as, carbon policy, carbon sequestration, carbon conservation, carbon substitution, carbon benefits. Based on this, the paper puts forward the policy and the long-term objectives of wood carbon sequestration materials should be integration of the implementation.
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Klimek, Artur. „Location choice of foreign direct investment by multinational corporations from emerging countries“. Argumenta Oeconomica 2, Nr. 37 (2016): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15611/aoe.2016.2.07.
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Yan, Daniel, und Malcolm Warner. „Foreign investors' choices in China: going it alone or in partnership?“ Human Systems Management 21, Nr. 2 (04.04.2002): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2002-21205.
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This article argues that sino-foreign joint ventures (SFJVs) and wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOEs) have been influenced by a number of ongoing changes, for example, government policy toward foreign investment, indigenous management practices, human resource management practices and the nature of investment. In its overview of the longitudinal changes in these four areas, it suggests that foreign investors do not necessarily make an either WFOE or SFJV decision when considering their desirable mode of operation in China. Meanwhile, it argues that multinational corporations should take a dynamic approach to constantly re-position themselves as SFJVs in their business plans with respect to the mentioned areas, so as to achieve the best result as China enters the WTO. Finally, this analysis sets out a preliminary ‘Dynamic Positioning Model’ of these two modes of operation in China, which serves as a foundation on which further hypotheses can be built.