Auswahl der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zum Thema „Cormelos“

Objetivou-se avaliar agronomicamente cinco acessos de mangarito nas condições de Montes Claros-MG. O experimento foi conduzido em Horta Experimental do Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG, Montes Claros, de 10/06/2010 a 03/06/2011. Empregou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em acessos de mangarito cedidos pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Viçosa 1, Viçosa 2 e Viçosa 3) e pela Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (Dourados), além do acesso local (Montes Claros). A parcela foi composta de quatro fileiras com 2,5 m de comprimento, com as plantas espaçadas de 0,5x0,5 m. Foram avaliados a produtividade total, de cormos, de cormelos e de cormelos comerciais, massa fresca e seca de cormelos comerciais, número de cormelos comerciais por planta e a produtividade de cormelos nas classes (com base no menor diâmetro) grande (≥30 mm), média (20-29 mm), pequena (10-19 mm) e refugo (<10 mm). Os acessos Viçosa 1, Montes Claros, Viçosa 2 e Viçosa 3 apresentaram as melhores respostas agronômicas quanto à produtividade total e de cormelos. Os componentes primários com as maiores correlações positivas com a produtividade comercial foram produtividade de cormelos classe média (0,9543**), número de cormelos comerciais por planta (0,8242**) e massa fresca de cormelos comerciais (0,8242**).

In vitro cormel development in Mukhi Kachu (Colocasia esculenta) Var. Bilashi was assessed in an experiment using three levels of BAP (0, 5 and 10 mg/l) and four levels of sucrose (0, 5, 10 and 15 %). Individual shoot excised from multiple shoot was used as explant in this experiment. In vitro cormel formation of Colocasia is an important means of organogenesis, which initiated earlier with 10% sucrose in 15% culture, whereas 15% sucrose produced cormels in 50% culture. While BAP at 10 mg/l formed cormels in 32.5% cultures but these two factors together formed cormels in 85% cultures, having 2.5 cormel per culture. The cormel weighed upto 1.7 g and contained 81.5% dry matter.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(4): 601-606, December 2015

The experiments were conducted in 2000–2002. Corms of <em>Acidanthera bicolor</em> var. <em>murielae</em> Perry were planted on four dates, every ten days: 19–20th of April, 29–30th of April, 8–9th of May, 18–19th of May, and at three different depths: 4, 8, and 12 cm. At the end of the vegetation period, the plants were dug out and cormels obtained were dried, cleaned and calibrated by 8 sizes that included cormels of the following circumferences: below 4.0 cm, 4.1–6.0 cm, 6.1–8.0 cm, 8.1–10.0 cm, 10.1–12.0 cm, 12.1–14.0 cm, 14.1–16.0, and over 16.0 cm. Then, the cormels were grouped into three sizes: I – cormels with a circumference of over 10.0 cm; II – cormels of 10.0–8.1 cm in circumference; and III – cormels of 8.0–6.0 cm in circumference. The structure and weight of the total and marketable yield as well as further values of cormel circumference were determined. The marketable yield comprised cormels with a circumference of over 8 cm, belonging to group I and II of the cormel size. It was found that planting corms in April increased the number of cormels in the total yield as well as the number and weight of marketable cormels. Planting corms at a depth of 12 cm increased the number and weight of cormels in the total yield as well as the weight of marketable cormels in comparison to the shallowest planting depth (4 cm). Planting corms on the 19–20th of April at a depth of 12 cm increased the percentage and weight of the largest cormels with a circumference of over 16 cm in comparison to planting them on the 18–19th of May at a depth of 4 cm.

Se planteó evaluar la densidad de siembra para la producción de semillas de ocumo blanco (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) bajo condiciones agroecológicas en La Guanota, Caripe en Monagas, Venezuela. Para llevar a cabo el planteamiento, el trabajo fue desarrollado en la Estación Experimental Hortícola San Agustín de la Universidad de Oriente, ubicada a 10º 12’ 46’’ LN y 63º 31’ 33’’ LO y a 1 400 m s. n. m., con temperaturas entre 23,5 ºC (máxima) y 10,5 ºC (mínima). Se evaluaron las distancias entre plantas (DEP) y entre hile­ras (DEH) de 0,8 m, 1 m y 1,2 m. El diseño estadístico fue bloques al azar en arreglo factorial con cuatro repeticiones; como resultado, las plantas madres manifestaron las típicas etapas de crecimiento: establecimiento, desarrollo y madurez. Finalmente, las distancias de siembra evaluadas no influyeron sobre el número de hijos/planta, sin embargo, la DEP de 1,2 m promovió mayor peso de los hijos, y mayor número y peso de los cormelos comerciales en sus combinaciones con las tres DEH.

Gladiolus is an excellent cut flower grown throughout the world for its spikes with florets of massive form, brilliant colours, attractive shapes, varying size and long shelf life. However, major constraint for gladiolus cultivation is the corm dormancy. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) play an important role in breaking dormancy and promote more number of quality corm and cormel productions in gladiolus. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to study the influence of corm size and plant growth regulators on corm and cormel production of gladiolus during the period from October 2017 to April 2018 at the Landscaping section of the Department of Horticulture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The two-factor experiment included two corm sizes viz., 3-4 cm and 4.1-5 cm, and two PGRs viz., GA3 @ 250, 500 and 750 ppm; and NAA @ 100, 200 and 300 ppm along with tap water as control. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that the corm size and PGRs at different concentrations significantly influenced the corm and cormel producing attributes of gladiolus. Maximum number of corms and cormels per plant, maximum weight of single corm, maximum weight of corms and cormels per plant, biggest size of single corm, highest yield of corms and cormels per hectare were recorded from 4.1-5 cm sized corms and GA3 @ 500 ppm, compared to rest of the treatments. It was observed that combined treatments had significant influence on all the parameters studied. The treatment combination of 4.1-5 cm sized corms and GA3 @ 500 ppm was found to be best in terms of corm and cormel production of gladiolus.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 91-98, 2018

Starch accumulation is important during com development. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the rate-limiting enzyme in starch synthesis. AGPL is the large subunit of AGPase. Here, we isolated and characterized the large subunit of AGPase gene GhAGPL1 in gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus). GhAGPL1 was highly expressed in sink organs (cormels and corms). The expression of GhAGPL1 was induced by glucose, sucrose, and mannitol, and it was repressed by abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of GhAGPL1 in the arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) apl1 mutant resulted in complementation of AGPase activity and thus starch synthesis. Silencing GhAGPL1 in gladiolus decreased the transcript level of GhAGPL1 and GhSus, and resulted in the reduction of AGPase activity and starch content in gladiolus corm and cormel. Meanwhile, sucrose content was higher in GhAGPL1-silenced corm. Surprisingly, silencing GhAGPL1 in gladiolus produced smaller corms and fewer number of cormels. Overall, GhAGPL1 contributed to the quality and quantity of gladiolus corms and cormels.

The ornamental flowering bulb Brodiaea laxa Benth. `Queen Fabiola' was grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculum in pasteurized or nonpasteurized soil to determine if inoculation altered flower and corm production. The first growing cycle after planting, mycorrhizal inoculation decreased the days to anthesis and increased the number of flowers produced per inflorescence and flower longevity. It also affected the quality of the daughter corm, which influenced flowering the following year. Inoculated plants produced larger daughter corms and more cormels than uninoculated plants, and allocated more biomass to the corms than the cormels, which lowered the average weight of the cormels. Corms produced by inoculated plants also had higher concentration of nitrogen, potassium, zinc, and nonreducing sugars than those produced by uninoculated plants. The beneficial effects of AMF inoculation on flowering and corm/cormel production were generally increased by soil pasteurization. The results indicate that mycorrhizal inoculation may enhance commercial cut flower and corm production of this crop.

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on the development of corm and cormel of gladiolus at the Horticulture Farm, IAAS, Rampur in 2002. Diameter, thickness and weight of the corms, and cormels were measured after 150 days of planting and the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers was assessed. The nitrogen dose of 50 kg/ha produced the highest corm yield (17.71 g/plant), where as higher dose of nitrogen (100 and 150 kg/ha) fertilizer produced the lowest cormel yield. Variable doses of phosphorous did not produce any significant effect on corm diameter and corm thickness but it produced a significant effect on corm height and cormel yield per plant. Higher doses of phosphorous fertilizer (50 and 100 kg/ha) produced the highest yield as compared to the control. It appears that corm and cormel respond better to the higher doses of phosphorous fertilizer compared to the nitrogenous fertilizer. A significant interaction effect was observed on cormel weight. The phosphorous at 100 kg/ha and nitrogen at 0 kg/ha produced the highest cormel yield (25 g/plant), whereas nitrogen at 150 kg/ha and phosphorous at 0 kg/ha produced the lowest cormel yield (1.95 g/plant). The interaction effect suggests that cormel yield responds better to the higher level of phosphorous combined with lower level of nitrogen. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorous, corm, cormel, gladiolus J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26: 153-157 (2005)

Stratification by chilling is the primary factor controlling germination of brodiaea (Triteleia laxa Benth.) seeds. A minimum of 8 weeks of low temperature (3C) was required for maximum germination. Soaking seeds in a solution of 1000 mg ethepho/liter for 20 h reduced the number of weeks at low temperature required for germination. Cormel size was affected by the photoperiod during seedling growth. Long days induced early leaf senescence, and cormels harvested from seedlings grown under long days weighed only half as much as those grown under short days. Chemical name used: 2-chloroethyl phosphoric acid (ethephon).

ABSTRACT Gladiolus is an important cut flower commercialized in Brazil, and the use of gibberellic acid (GA3) to cultivate it in a protected environment may promote the production of high quality flower spikes. This study aimed at evaluating the production of flower spikes and corms of gladiolus ('White Friendship' cultivar) submitted to high concentrations and application methods of gibberellic acid, in a protected environment. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement, being two application methods (foliar spraying and corm soaking) and four concentrations (0 mg L-1, 250 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1 and 1,000 mg L-1) of gibberellic acid, with six replications and two plants per experimental unit. The following traits were evaluated: plant height, number of leaves per plant, marketable harvest point of flower spikes, number of florets per flower spike, flower panicle length, stem and floret diameter, corm perimeter, number of cormels per plant and production of corm fresh matter and leaf dry matter, flower spikes, corms and cormels. High concentrations of GA3 are not recommended for the production of flower spikes and corms of the gladiolus 'White Friendship' cultivar. The corm soaking application method anticipates the harvest of flower spikes and produces a higher number of cormels per plant. Regardless of the application method, the concentration of 550 mg L-1 of GA3 increases the cormel yield of the 'White Friendship' cultivar.

[ES] El uso de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott y Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott como materia prima en forma de almidón o harina es una alternativa sostenible y nutritiva al trigo y otros granos. Esta alternativa permite a los agricultores minimizar las pérdidas después de su cosecha y garantizar la seguridad alimentaria ya que sus propiedades nutricionales, digestivas y saludables son reconocidas por la comunidad científica. Sin embargo, la información existente sobre este rizoma dirigida a su aplicación es bastante limitada. Esta tesis expone la caracterización funcional y tecnológica de los almidones obtenidos a partir de cormos y cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Asimismo, se evaluó tecnológicamente el efecto de la combinación de enzimas, hidrocoloides, almidón de patata, harina pregelatinizada sobre la harina de los cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott en el desarrollo de un pan sin gluten. Además, se evaluaron las propiedades tecnológicas y digestivas de una fórmula básica para puré desarrollada a partir de harina de cormelos de Xanthosoma spp. y Colocasia spp. Además, la revisión bibliográfica realizada permitió poner en contexto los efectos saludables demostrados clínicamente de esta materia prima y sus componentes. Se demostró que existen diferencias significativas entre el almidón de cormos y cormelos de la misma especie. Se concluyó que la harina de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott es una buena opción para incrementar el valor nutricional de los panes sin gluten. Entre las estrategias probadas, el pan elaborado a partir de la mezcla con almidón de patata resultó la menos aconsejable. Además, todas las estrategias aplicadas originaron panes con menor índice glucémico que sus homólogos sin gluten reportados en otros estudios. Por primera vez, este trabajo recomienda el uso de harina de cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott y Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott y para desarrollar purés con un valor nutricional agregado. La revisión bibliográfica realizada permitió recopilar los efectos demostrados clínicamente, concretamente antihiperglucémicos, antihepatotóxicos, antihipertensivos, hipoglucemiantes, anticancerosos, hipolipidémicos y prebióticos, entre otros, de los compuestos bioactivos presentes en esta planta.
[CA] L'ús de Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott i Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott com a matèria primera en forma de midó o farina, és una alternativa per a minimitzar les perdues després de la seua collita i garantir la seguretat alimentària ja que les seues propietats nutricionals, digestives i saludables són reconegudes per la comunitat científica. Aquesta tesi exposa la caracterització funcional i tecnològica dels midons obtinguts a partir de corms i cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. D'una banda és va avaluar tecnològicament l'efecte de la combinació d'enzims, hidrocol·loides, midó de creïlla, farina pregelatinitzada sobre la farina dels cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott en el desenvolupament d'un pa sense gluten. D'altra banda, es van avaluar les propietats tecnològiques i digestives d'una fórmula bàsica per a puré desenvolupada a partir de farina de cormelos de Xanthosoma spp. i Colocasia spp. que es pot destinar a poblacions vulnerables amb afeccions gastrointestinals, diabètics, celíacs, entre altres. A més, es va realitzar una revisió on s'exposen els efectes saludables demostrats clínicament, dels seus components. Es va demostrar que existeixen diferències significatives entre el midó de corms i cormelos de la mateixa espècie. Per tant, es va concloure que la farina dels cormelos de la Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott és una bona opció per a incrementar el valor nutricional dels pans sense glútens i entre les estratègies provades, el pa elaborat a partir de la mescla amb midó de creïlla va resultar la menys aconsellable, però tots van mostrar menor índex glucèmic que els seus homòlegs sense glútens reportats en altres estudis. A més, per primera vegada es va recomanar l'ús de farina cormelos de Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott i Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott per a desenvolupar purés amb un valor nutricional agregat. La revisió bibilogràfica realitza va permetre recopilar el efectes demostrats clínicament, en concret antihiperglucémic, antihepatotóxic, antihipertensiu, hipoglucemiant, anticancerós, hipolipidémic i prebiòtic, entre altres, dels compostos bioactius presents en aquest rizoma.
[EN] The use of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott and Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott as a raw material in form of starch or flour is a nutritious and sustainable alternative to wheat and other grains. This alternative allows farmers to minimize losses after harvest and guarantee food safety since its nutritional, digestive and healthy properties are recognized by the scientific community. Nevertheless, there is still scarce information about these rhizomes that limit their application. This thesis illuminates the functional and technological characterization of the starches obtained from corms and cormels of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott. Likewise, the effect of the combination of enzymes, hydrocolloids, potato starch, pregelatinized flour on Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cormels flour toward the development of a gluten-free bread was technologically evaluated. Furthermore, the technological and digestive properties of a basic formula for pastes developed from cormels flour of Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott was evaluated. In addition, a review was conducted and the health effects clinically demonstrated are exposed. It was shown that there are significant differences between the starch of corms and cormels of the same species. It was concluded that the flour from Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott cormels is a good option to increase the nutritional value of gluten-free breads. Among the strategies tested, the bread made from mixtures with potato starch was the least desirable, but all strategies tested gave breads with lower glycemic index than gluten-free counterparts reported in other studies. For the first time, this works recommends the use of cormels flour from Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott was recommended to develop pastes to nutritional value to gluten-free products. In addition, the bibliographic review carried out allowed the compilation and analysis of the clinically demonstrated effects, especifically, antihyperglycemic, antihepatotoxic, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, anti-cancer, hypolipidemic and prebiotic effects, among others, of the bioactive compounds present in these plants.
Authors acknowledge the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-095919-B-C21), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project AGL2014-52928-C2-1-R), the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and Generalitat Valenciana (Project Prometeo 2017/189). Tropical Food Research Institute from Cuba provided the rhizomes.
Calle Domínguez, J. (2021). Properties of Malanga Flours and their Use in Pastes and Gluten Free Breads [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168396
TESIS

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
This work was developed in Gardening at UFMS (Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul) NCA (Núcleo Experimental de Ciências Agrárias), from September 2004 to February 2006 having the aim of valuating nitrogen, limestone and phosphogypsum over gladiolus development and over some chemical and physical characteristics of a dystroferric red latosol. Plants were valuated by leaf analysis, maximum high, spike and floral stem length, new corm diameter, dry and live mater form shoot area, and produced cormel number. Soil physical characteristics valuated the meaning clay, the meaning clay disperse in water, flocculation degree, aggregation and aggregation stableness. Soil chemical characteristics considered water and CaCl2 pH, macro and micronutrients meaning, exchangeable acidity, effective kation exchange capacity and base saturation. The experiment analysis was done in randomized blocks sub-subdivided in parcels, considering as parcel the nitrogen proportions (150, 300 kgha-1), as sub parcel the limestone proportion (0, 2000, 4000, 8000 kgha-1) and as sub-sub parcel phosphogypsum proportion (0, 500, 1000, 2000 kgha-1), in four repetitions. Nitrogen, limestone and Phosphogypsum proportions used caused no visual deficiencies detected in gladiolus. The smaller flowering time and the bigger live matter plants were gained without using limestone and / or phosphogypsum. Limestone between 6000 and 8000 kg.ha-1, contributed into ideal pH levels
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido na área de Jardinocultura do Núcleo Experimental de Ciências Agrárias da UFMS, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2006 tendo por objetivo a avaliação dos efeitos do nitrogênio, calcário e gesso agrícola sobre o desenvolvimento de Gladiolus grandiflorus e sobre alguns atributos físicos e químicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. As plantas foram avaliadas por meio de análise foliar e quanto à altura máxima, comprimento da espiga e da haste floral, diâmetro do novo cormo, matéria fresca e seca da parte aérea e número de cormilhos produzidos. Como atributos físicos do solo foram avaliados o teor de argila, teor de argila dispersa em água, grau de floculação, agregação e estabilidade dos agregados. Os atributos químicos considerados foram o pH em água e em CaCl2, teores de macro e micronutrientes, acidez trocáveis, capacidade de troca de cátions efetiva e saturação de bases. O experimento foi analisado como inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas sub-subdivididas, sendo consideradas como parcelas as doses de nitrogênio (150 e 300 kg.ha-1), como subparcelas as doses de calcário (0, 2000, 4000 e 8000 kg.ha-1) e como sub-subparcelas as doses de gesso (0, 500, 1000 e 2000 kg.ha-1), com quatro repetições. As doses de nitrogênio, gesso e calcário utilizadas não induziram Deficiências detectadas visualmente no gladíolo. O menor tempo de florescimento e a maior matéria fresca das plantas de gladíolo foram obtidos sem o uso de calcário e/ou de gesso. As doses de calcário entre 6000 a 8000 kg.ha-1, contribuíram para obtenção de níveis ideais de pH em água para o gladíolo. A dose de nitrogênio de 300 kg.ha-1, promoveu a redução do pH, Ca e Mg e de argila dispersa em água e aumentou o grau de floculação e os teores de Al.

Práctica Supervisada (IC)--FCEFN-UNC, 2016
Desarrolla un estudio hidrológico, realizado sobre el terreno natural en el que se construirá el centro de tratamiento y disposición final de residuos urbanos "CORMECOR", al sur de la ciudad de Córdoba.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
園藝學系
81
Corm and cormel production of gladioli was studied in southern part of Taiwan. The best time to harvest corms and cormels was two to four weeks after flowers harvesting when using No.3 medium-size corms to produce cut flowers and corms of gladiolus during winter in southern part of Taiwan.It was suggested to leave four leaves on stem at harvesting flowers to get both favorable-length stalks and large quantity corm production. ''Spic and Spic''was proved to be a heat-tolerance cultivar for summer crops. Cormels were planted after October when the temperature became cool. With the increasing of days after cormels plan- ting, mother cormels and absorbing roots would shrink and weaken. Weight of shoot was increasing at beginning, and then leaves turn senescent after all leaves were emerged. Changes of weight in contractile roots showed the same trend as that in shoot, and then contractile roots would contract and turn fiberous. Basal part of shoot began to swell up af- ter planting and formed into daughter corm. When two leaves emerging, buds of stolon could be observed on sheath leaves nodes between daughter corm and mother corm.Stolon tip would swell and then cormels were formed. With the growth and development of corm, starch content was increasing, and it could accumulate up to 40% dry weight of corm. Dormancy of cormels could be broken totally after 5 mon- ths of 5Ｃ storage. According to results of three corm production trials, the potential for corm production in Taiwan was discussed. We could get No.3 and No.2 corms after 4 to 5 months of cormels planting.It''s suggested to cut spikes competing nutrition in corm production. Smaller sized cormels (dia. below 5mm) were of potential to produce corms.