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1
Nikzad, Rashid. „Evaluation of Productivity in the Canadian Copyright-based Industries“. Athens Journal of Business & Economics 9, Nr. 3 (29.06.2023): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.9-3-2.
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Copyright industries are an important part of the economy, accounting for five to over ten percent of the GDP of certain economies. Studies suggest that the copyright sector has grown faster than the entire economy in most countries. However, the author’s earlier study found that Canada’s core copyright-based industries accounted for a smaller share of the economy when compared to those industries in the United States and Europe. This paper examines the factors behind the slower growth of copyright-based industries in Canada. In particular, the paper estimates the growth of the main economic indicators of the core copyright-based industries of Canada and compares them with those of the rest of the economy and with those of the copyright-based industries in the United States. The study also explores the impacts of factors such as exports, foreign direct investment, and information and communication technologies on the productivity of the copyright-based industries. Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and System GMM methods are used to estimate the models. The study suggests that there is a significant gap between Canada and the United States in terms of value added, employment, investment, and labor productivity growth of core copyright-based industries.
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Samad, Ghulam, Vaqar Ahmed und Rauf Khalid. „Economic Contribution of Copyright-based Industries in Pakistan“. Pakistan Development Review 57, Nr. 1 (01.03.2018): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v57i1pp.99-114.
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The copyright-based industries contribute substantially to the national economy in the form of value addition, tax revenues, trade and employment. This study highlights both the core and non-core copyright-based industries in Pakistan. With the technical guidance of World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and National Institute of Cultural Studies (NICS), we conducted the first ever survey of the copyright-based industries in Pakistan. The estimates of contribution to GDP, tax revenues, trade and employment were also validated through focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Our findings reveal that copyright-based industries contributed Rs 136 billion to GDP (on 1999-2000 base year prices of Pakistan Bureau of Statistics). These industries also contributed Rs 18 billion to the government in indirect taxes. On the trade side, the exports of these industries totalled $ 943 million and imports amounted to $2130 million in 2007-08. In terms of job creation one of the core sub-sectors i.e. electronic media employed around 47,000 persons by the end of 2011. JEL Classification: 034, F10, E24 Keywords: Copyright, Economic Growth, Trade and Employment
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Nikzad, Rashid, und Raphael Solomon. „The value of copyright-based industries in Canada“. Creative Industries Journal 12, Nr. 2 (04.05.2019): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17510694.2019.1610589.
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Zhu, Zhiwei. „Research on the Effect of Copyright system on the Development of Creative Industries“. Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 9, Nr. 1 (19.05.2023): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v9i1.8589.
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Based on its property attribute and incentive function, copyright is often regarded as the organizing principle of creative industries. This paper believes that the positive effect of copyright system on creative industry is limited, and there are negative effects of copyright on creative industry such as monopoly, high cost and negative incentives. Copyright may be not the primary factor for the development of creative industries, and the empirical research on the relationship between copyright and creative industries needs to be further studied.
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Vasiu, Ioana, und Lucian Vasiu. „Criminal Enforcement of Copyright as an Important Safeguard for Economic and Security Interests“. European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, Nr. 3 (01.10.2019): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n3p228.
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Copyright industries represent an important part of the developed economies. The effective protection of copyright fulfills an important role in the advancement of innovation and economic development. However, in the digital economy, the protection of copyrighted works poses numerous and very difficult challenges. The protected works usually targeted by criminals are computer programs, motion pictures, video games, and musical compositions. The estimated or actual harm to copyright owners can amount to billions of dollars. Moreover, these offenses are sometimes perpetrated in connection with other crimes, such as conspiracy to commit racketeering or money laundering. This paper argues that criminal enforcement of copyright can be an important safeguard of economic and information security interests. The paper discusses essential aspects regarding the criminal protection of copyright in the United States. Based on a theoretically-informed, yet empirically-driven approach, which takes into account a large corpus of data, consisting mostly of cases brought to courts of law, the paper discusses the main aspects of the phenomenon. Finally, the paper proposes a number of measures that would improve the protection copyrighted works. Keywords: Copyright, Economic Development, Cybercrime, Infringement, Security, Loss
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Novira, Elyana, Prima Resi Putri und Briggs Samuel Mawunyo Nutakor. „The Characteristics of Song Copyright in Bank Debt Guarantees“. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum 23, Nr. 3 (30.09.2023): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2023.23.3.3701.
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By focusing on the Indonesian context and based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright, this study analyzes the characteristics of copyright to songs as assets that can be pledged as collateral, as well as the impacts and implications of copyright utilization in the financial sector and creative industries. The results of the research show that copyright has the potential to be used as collateral in debt transactions at banks. Factors such as the economic value of the work, exclusive control, legal protection, and regular income allow copyright to be used as collateral. Copyright law regulates the process of guaranteeing, utilizing, and executing copyright as security. The use of copyright as collateral has a positive impact on the financial sector and the creative industry. Diversification of bank portfolios, easier access to finance for creative industry players, as well as increased innovation and creativity are the identified impacts. However, there are also challenges, such as complex copyright value assessments and potential conflicts of interest between rights owners and financial institutions.
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Selman, Brianne, Brian Fauteux und Andrew DeWaard. „From Copyright Cartels to Commons and Care: A Public Infrastructure Model for Canadian Music Communities“. Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research 17, Nr. 1 (05.08.2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/partnership.v17i1.6706.
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Using research on the political economy of the music industries, interviews with independent musicians about their lived experiences, and the authors' experience participating in government copyright consultations in Canada, this article discusses how the market power of major music companies, and their capture of the policy-making process through lobbying, has made copyright reform an extremely limited avenue for remedying the variety of hardships facing musicians in the streaming media era. Against the continued consolidation and concentration of power within the music industries, we explore a case study of Edmonton Public Library’s Capital City Records as an alternative model that may inspire further initiatives that advocate for artists and users. We conclude by discussing a commons-based, public infrastructure and governance model that could serve as a tool to circumvent uneven power dynamics in the music industries, facilitate stronger music communities, and provide sustainable livelihoods for working musicians in Canada.
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Jensen, Jake. „Hollywood Blackout“. Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 3, Nr. 2 (März 2016): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v3.i2.3.
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This Article will focus on particular emerging copyright laws and their effect on the film industry. Section II will begin with a brief overview of the film industry as well as a brief discussion of the reasons people watch films. The Section will then proceed with a discussion on the importance of filming locations, as well as how the industry has changed in its perception of filming locations. Section III will detail what the current copyright law is, as well as exceptions the courts have used in determining copyright infringement. Section IV will then describe the Freedom of Panorama laws that many countries have enacted to help filmmakers and other industries avoid copyright infringement. The Section will also detail the new copyright laws discussed around the world in addition to what these new laws mean for Hollywood and independent filmmakers. Finally, Section V will propose a solution to these new copyright laws that will be equally beneficial to both the copyright owners and the film industry. The solution calls for a heightened and more descriptive de minimis requirement that creates a more element-based approach as opposed to the factorbased approach used now.
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Parry, Glenn, Oscar F. Bustinza und Ferran Vendrell-Herrero. „Copyright and creation: repositioning the argument“. Strategic Direction 30, Nr. 3 (04.02.2014): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sd-11-2013-0092.
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Purpose – This paper highlights the challenges and key arguments for digital copyright protection legislation for creative industries. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by independent academics who place the arguments in context based upon literature and market data. Findings – Many of the arguments used against copyright protection laws draw upon flawed analysis. Artistic creators should be treated fairly and their work should be afforded the same protection as other property. Practical implications – Digital legislation warrants review, but not for the frequently cited reasons of “stifling innovation” or “restriction” of others using the work. Rather, artists need better protection for their work and fairer treatment with regards their property rights. Originality/value – The paper provides context and practical insights into the data used to influence policy decision makers, providing a stronger case for legislative review.
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Zerov, Kostiantyn. „Intellectual property in the field of information and communication technologies“. Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, Nr. 5 (17.11.2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/52021.244516.
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Keywords: IT, computer program, copyright, creative industry
The article discusses the main issues regarding IP-protection in the sphere of information (information and communication) technologies — one of thelargest creative industries in Ukraine. Development and capitalization of informationtechnologies are impossible without proper legal protection of intellectual propertybecause the basis of the creative industry is the creation of creative products — goodsand services created/provided by cultural (artistic) and/or creative expression andhave high added value and are objects of intellectual property rights, which determinesthe relevance of this study.It is noted that basic types of economic activity that belong to the creative industriesare defined at the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and areaimed at creating and distributing intellectual property rights to already createdcopies (or copies) of software. It is assumed that the tax legislation of Ukraine stipulatesthat certain business transactions for the “publication” of software must be carriedout based on contracts for the supply of software and not based on contracts forthe transfer of intellectual property rights.A brief description of copyright objects in the field of information technology andthe possibilities of their legal protection, namely a computer program, databases, andwebsite, is given. It is noted that the website may combine different intellectual propertyrights.The issue of intellectual property rights distribution on the object created in connectionwith the implementation of the employment agreement (contract) and on theobject created by the order is investigated. It is concluded that the law of Ukraine.“On Stimulating the Development of the Digital Economy in Ukraine” eliminated theconflict between the Civil Code of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine “On Copyright andRelated Rights” on the distribution of property copyrights on official works. The currentapproach to the distribution of economic copyright rights is harmonized with Europeanstandards.
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Hernandez-Suarez, Aldo, Gabriel Sanchez-Perez, Linda Karina Toscano-Medina, Hector Manuel Perez-Meana, Jose Portillo-Portillo und Jesus Olivares-Mercado. „Methodological Approach for Identifying Websites with Infringing Content via Text Transformers and Dense Neural Networks“. Future Internet 15, Nr. 12 (09.12.2023): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi15120397.
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The rapid evolution of the Internet of Everything (IoE) has significantly enhanced global connectivity and multimedia content sharing, simultaneously escalating the unauthorized distribution of multimedia content, posing risks to intellectual property rights. In 2022 alone, about 130 billion accesses to potentially non-compliant websites were recorded, underscoring the challenges for industries reliant on copyright-protected assets. Amidst prevailing uncertainties and the need for technical and AI-integrated solutions, this study introduces two pivotal contributions. First, it establishes a novel taxonomy aimed at safeguarding and identifying IoE-based content infringements. Second, it proposes an innovative architecture combining IoE components with automated sensors to compile a dataset reflective of potential copyright breaches. This dataset is analyzed using a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers-based advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) algorithm, further fine-tuned by a dense neural network (DNN), achieving a remarkable 98.71% accuracy in pinpointing websites that violate copyright.
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Lukianov, Dmytro, Inesa Shumilo und Mariia Lukan. „Conflict of Law Regulation in Cross-Border Copyright Inheritance“. Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 27, Nr. 2 (27.06.2020): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.27(2).2020.49-63.
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Inheritance is one of the legal means that ensure the effective implementation of copyright, therefore the protection of the interests of testators and their successors in cross-border matters is an important task of international private law. Modern national systems of inheritance and copyright operate independently. Due to the influence of economic, political and socio-cultural factors, the unification of substantive law of these industries is unlikely, so the conflict of law method of regulation remains dominant in this area. The paper highlights the main problems of conflict of law regulation of cross-border copyright inheritance and offers approaches to overcoming them. The authors address such issues as forms of manifestation of a foreign element in the relations of copyright inheritance; problems of distinguishing between intellectual and inheritance statutes; features of the application of the point of contact lex loci protectionis; the principle of territoriality, etc. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that the subordination of key issues of copyright inheritance to the conflict rules of the intellectual statute extends the principle of territoriality to these relations and necessitates multinational protection of these relations. The paper supports the opinion of scholars who criticise the concept of territoriality in matters of copyright protection, proving its ineffectiveness. Ultimately, the authors suggest that the tools of private international law allow for flexible approaches and do not equate copyright, which is more related to personal status, and industrial property rights, aimed at achieving commercial interests. It is proposed to achieve greater flexibility by detailing the scope of the conflict of law rules and establishing a system of conflict bindings, which will allow to choose the law that is more related to the circumstances of the case.
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Levickaitė, Rasa. „CREATIVE INDUSTRIES: CLASSIFICATION SYSTEMS AND MODELS IN THE CONTEXT OF A CREATIVE ECONOMY OF THE 21ST CENTURY / KŪRYBINĖS INDUSTRIJOS: KLASIFIKAVIMO SISTEMOS IR MODELIAI XXI A. KŪRYBOS EKONOMIKOS KONTEKSTE“. Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 3, Nr. 4 (19.07.2011): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2011.065.
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The article discusses a concept of creative industries, looks at its definition varying in different countries and presents a phenomenon of a creative economy. In the context of the creative economy of the 21st century, the paper deals with classification systems and models of creative industries. Theoretical principals are based on the UNCTAD analysis of the creative economy. Creative industries are based on the production cycles of creative content that applies to creativity and intellectual property which is knowledge based activities covering both tangible products and an intangible creation of intellectual or creative services. According to the UNCTAD classification system, four groups of creative industries, including heritage, arts, media, and functional production can be distinguished and subdivided into subgroups. Research on worldwide creative industries refers to four models: UK DCMS model, symbolic text model, concentric circle model and WIPO copyright model. While appealing to the above mentioned models, classification systems with the output of complex interdisciplinary research might be designed.
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Babenko, V., und K. Davydenko. „COPYRIGHT FOR THE PROJECT IN ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITIONS“. Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nr. 1 (24.06.2021): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.230221.26.714.
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Problem statement. Works of architecture, as objects of copyright, is one of the key industries on which the economies of the countries of the modern world are based. The importance of architectural activity for the harmonious development of society is unquestioning, both from the point of view of the development of projects and the creation of structures, the cultural value of which is of a spiritual nature, and due to the functional value of architecture, includes aesthetic, social and everyday components. Copyright in architectural works is an important form of protecting and enforcing the rights of architects and neglect of this right usually leads to litigation. There is a problem of awareness of copyright issues in Ukraine, both in architectural projects and in many aspects of architectural activities, in particular, the observance of the copyright of architects when their architectural projects participate in architectural competitions.
The main objective. Research of architectural works submitted to competitions as objects of intellectual property rights, study and generalization of existing rules of participation of architectural projects in architectural competitions, legality of their use by competition customers and observance of copyrights of architects, including students and masters of architecture.
Conclusions. The participation of architects in architectural competitions is an extremely important issue due to the copyright of both experienced and young architects, especially if the participants in the competition are students of architectural and construction universities. The complex of copyright on the result of his creative activity in the field of architecture arises from the moment of creation of the work (including the project), regardless of whether it was completed and published or not. After the implementation of the project, the author's rights to constructed buildings, structures and other works as objects of copyright also belong to the author, if they were not transferred under the contract, as well as taking into account the law on rights to objects created by the employment contract and to order. The copyright for the project belongs exclusively to the author (authors) and is protected in accordance with the Laws of Ukraine. As we can see, the judicial and legislative systems of Ukraine allow an architect (or other copyright owner) to protect his project and rights to it, to punish those who encroach on someone else's intellectual property and to bring violators to justice. Legal protection is equal for all participants of the competition and can help young architects not only to gain experience in project development, at different stages of the competition, but also in case of victory, to further participate in its implementation, subject to compliance with the rules and conditions.
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Ghafele, Roya. „Reply to George S. Ford’s ‘A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review’“. Laws 9, Nr. 1 (15.01.2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws9010002.
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Ford’s ‘Comments (Laws 2018, 7(4), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/laws7040034, https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/7/4/34)’ are biased by a partisan approach to the issues at stake and cannot be based on scientific evidence. The article “A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore”, which Gibert and Gafelle wrote together nearly a decade ago, came under heavy criticism by George S. Ford from an organization named the Phoenix Centre for Advanced Legal and Economic Public Policy Studies in an article ‘A Counterfactual Impact Analysis of Fair Use Policy on Copyright Related Industries in Singapore: A Critical Review’. (subsequently ‘the fair use study’) The Fair use study was peer reviewed by LAWS and supports the hypothesis that a more flexible fair use policy is correlated with faster growth rates in private copying technology industries and fewer negative consequences than copyright holders may desire to see. The findings of the Fair use study upset Ford as well as a host of different institutions advocating for copyright owners, such as International Federation of Reproduction Rights Organizations; Motion Picture Association; Publishers Association of Australia; New Zealand Society of Authors or Recorded Music NZ-RMNZ. Ford’s article, however, neither contains novel research, nor is it an effort to update this fairly dated analysis, which reflects data nearly twenty years of age. Rather, it is an unnecessary duplication of an old analysis with only some minor modifications, which serve to show that fair use is actually not beneficial to the economy. At the end of this peculiar exercise, Ford himself admits that this analysis is meaningless. The rest of Ford’s article consists of discussing potential limitations of the Fair use study, in a manner which suggests the authors had never disclosed them (which however they had) and thus is misleading. Ford’s most fundamental point of criticism is hinged on a supposed lack of evidence regarding the parallelism assumption, which he himself admits is impossible to offer. Contrary to Ford’s analysis, the Fair use study has the merit of being fully reproducible, which is not the case for Ford’s article. Also, contrary to Ford’s article, the Fair use study has the advantage of carefully drafted limitations and of offering genuine research insights.
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Samuelson, Pamela. „Pushing Back on Stricter Copyright ISP Liability Rules“. Michigan Technology Law Review, Nr. 27.2 (2021): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.27.2.pushing.
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For more than two decades, internet service providers (ISPs) in the United States, the European Union (EU), and many other countries have been shielded from copyright liability under “safe harbor” rules. These rules apply to ISPs who did not know about or participate in user-uploaded infringements and who take infringing content down after receiving notice from rights holders. Major copyright industry groups were never satisfied with these safe harbors, and their dissatisfaction has become more strident over time as online infringements have grown to scale. Responding to copyright industry complaints, the EU in 2019 adopted its Directive on Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Single Market. In particular, the Directive’s Article 17 places much stricter obligations on for-profit ISPs that host large amounts of user contents. Article 17 is internally contradictory, deeply ambiguous, and harmful to small and medium-sized companies as well as to user freedoms of expression. Moreover, Article 17 may well violate the European Charter of Fundamental Rights. In the United States, Congress commenced a series of hearings in 2020 on the safe harbor rules now codified as 17 U.S.C. § 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). In May 2020, the U.S. Copyright Office issued its long-awaited study on Section 512, which recommended several significant changes to existing safe harbor rules. The Study’s almost exclusively pro–copyright industry stances on reform of virtually every aspect of the rules notably shortchanges other stakeholder interests. Congress should take a balanced approach in considering any changes to the DMCA safe harbor rules. Any meaningful reform of ISP liability rules should consider the interests of a wide range of stakeholders. This includes U.S.-based Internet platforms, smaller and medium-sized ISPs, startups, and the hundreds of millions of Internet users who create and enjoy user-generated content (UGC) uploaded to these platforms, as well as the interests of major copyright industries and individual creators who have been dissatisfied with the DMCA safe harbor rules.
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Jakobsson, Peter, und Fredrik Stiernstedt. „Reinforcing Property by Strengthening the Commons: A New Media Policy Paradigm?“ tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 10, Nr. 1 (30.01.2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v10i1.314.
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In much scholarly writing and in many leftist and activist accounts the enclosures of the cultural commons have been fiercely critiqued. However, during the last years, new media business models, that challenge the notion of the cultural industries as “copyright industries”, has been taking shape. A new class of entrepreneurs is instead working to expand the commons as part of their businesses. Accordingly, representatives from these new media industries, policy makers, and politicians have joined the academic and political critique of the “enclosures of the cultural common”. The paper argues that this is a shift within the dominant media policy paradigm and an attempt to integrate existing practices on the Internet, based on cooperation and sharing, into the market. By relocating the struggle from “intellectual property” to “platform economics”, the media industry can exploit the productivity of the commons while holding on to the power that comes with ownership and property.
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Jakobsson, Peter, und Fredrik Stiernstedt. „Reinforcing Property by Strengthening the Commons: A New Media Policy Paradigm?“ tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 10, Nr. 1 (30.01.2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/vol10iss1pp49-55.
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In much scholarly writing and in many leftist and activist accounts the enclosures of the cultural commons have been fiercely critiqued. However, during the last years, new media business models, that challenge the notion of the cultural industries as “copyright industries”, has been taking shape. A new class of entrepreneurs is instead working to expand the commons as part of their businesses. Accordingly, representatives from these new media industries, policy makers, and politicians have joined the academic and political critique of the “enclosures of the cultural common”. The paper argues that this is a shift within the dominant media policy paradigm and an attempt to integrate existing practices on the Internet, based on cooperation and sharing, into the market. By relocating the struggle from “intellectual property” to “platform economics”, the media industry can exploit the productivity of the commons while holding on to the power that comes with ownership and property.
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Ramadhan, Wisnu, Danur Lambang Pristiandaru, Yanif Dwi Kuntjoro und Dwi Oktofianto. „The Symbolic Meaning of Redesign Batik Motives Kawung Solo based on Applied Mathematics Geometry Transformation and Village Promotion Efforts Kampung Matematika Karanglo, Karanganyar“. Proceeding of Community Development 2 (21.02.2019): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.304.
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Indonesian Batik by UNESCO was designated as the Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity since October 2009. The famous Indonesian batik motif from Solo is the Kawung batik motif. One type of batik is stamped batik. In making batik, there is always a clear repetition, so that the image appears repetitive in the same shape. The problem with making stamp batik is the price of expensive batik stamp. Generally, one stamp of batik can only produce one motif. Therefore, the main problem that was solved in this study was how to develop a Solo-Kawung batik motif design that has a uniqueness from one motif in the stamp can produce many patterns of batik without losing the local identity. The values contained in kawung batik are simplicity, regularity, consistency, and mutual cooperation reflected in community life. This problem will be solved by applying the concept of Geometry Analysis with the Symmetry Group Theory which will then be used Geometry Transformation. The Energy Security Concept is Every aspect of development must be environmentally sound while still striving for effectiveness and efficiency. This research was developed and applied in Karanglo Village, Karanganyar Regency as a Batik Mathematics Village. The development of creative industries applied in Karanglo is an industry that originates from the utilization of individual talents to create welfare and employment through the creation and utilization of these creative and creative powers. There are three directions for developing creative industries, namely industries based on creative cultural industries, creative industries and copyright industries with environmental based.
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Situmeang, Asima Trismawati, Saidin . und T. Keizerina Devi A. „Legal Protection on the Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author of Film Script Writing Pursuant to Law No. 28 of 2014 Concerning Copyright (Analysis of Copyright Infringement Case by a Production House of the “ Benyamin Biang Kerok” Film)“. International Journal of Research and Review 8, Nr. 8 (29.08.2021): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210896.
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Moral Rights and Economic Rights are Exclusive Rights that cannot be separated in relation to Copyrights. Copyright protects all forms of work, one of which is Film Script Writing as referred to in Article 40 paragraph (1) of Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright (UUHC). One of the forms of infringement on the copyrighted work of the film script is the reuse of the film script without the permission of the creator, resulting in the loss of the moral rights and economic rights of the creator. The problems in this study are: how to use the principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Author in claiming protection against Copyright infringement on Film Script Writing, how legal remedies can be taken in the form of legal protection for the Author of Film Script Writing used without permission, and how analysis of the Judge's decision on the violation of Moral Rights for the Creator in the dispute of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" based on the decision of the Panel of Judges Number 09/Pdt.Sus-HKI/Cipta/2018/PN Niaga Jkt. Pst. This research is descriptive analytical with a normative juridical approach. Qualitative analysis methods are used to process and analyze research data and then draw conclusions using deductive methods through a normative framework. The results of the research show: the use of the Principles of Moral Rights and Economic Rights of the Creator as a claim for infringement of Copyright is listed in Article 4, Article 5. This right will continue to exist and is eternally attached to the Creator and will continue to apply indefinitely. Legal efforts as a form of legal protection for Film Scripts that are used without permission are to follow the provisions in Article 95 to Article 109 of the UUHC, namely by preventing violations from occurring and through alternative dispute resolution through arbitration or through the Commercial Court. The Plaintiff's lawsuit was declared defeated by the Panel of Judges, due to lack of parties. But the production of the film "Benyamin Biang Kerok" is not determined as a violation of the exclusive rights of the Creator. This decision has not provided justice and provided legal protection for the Plaintiff as the author of the original manuscript and it is feared that the same violation will continue to occur in the future. Suggestions that can be given include: in providing explanations and strengthening the importance of the Creator's Exclusive Rights, it is necessary to have awareness, socialization and public education so as not to use other people's creations carelessly. Legal efforts to prevent infringement of film script writing is to conduct socialization in the film industry and other related creative industries. Against a decision that has not provided legal protection for the Plaintiff, the Panel of Judges must also determine that the defendant has violated the exclusive rights of the Plaintiff's written film script and stipulates compensation for the violation of exclusive rights committed. Keywords: Legal Protection, Moral Rights, Economic Rights, The Author, Copyrights,Film Script Writing.
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Jerzyk, Karolina. „Balance of Rights in Directive 2019/790 on Copyright in the Digital Single Market – Is the Opt-out Clause Sufficient for the Protection of Author’s Moral Rights?“ Santander Art and Culture Law Review 7, Nr. 2 (31.12.2021): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/2450050xsnr.21.027.15272.
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Digitization is an important process taking place within contemporary legal systems, leaving its fingerprints on different branches of law and forcing changes to traditional industries while not sparing the system of cultural heritage protection. Cultural institutions are nowadays facing the challenge of combining mass digitization with public access to works which are part of their collections. At the same time they are struggling with the applicable copyright law. The new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market addresses those needs, introducing a system of extended licencing granted by Collective Management Organizations (CMO) and facilitating an easier access to works which, due to their unresolved copyright status, were not ready to be publicly displayed. This article addresses the problem of striking a balance between the private and public interests involved in this process by analysing the opt-out procedure to the new licencing scheme, and confronting it with the traditional protection granted to authors based on moral rights. It seeks to answer the question whether the new opt-out system is sufficient to protect an author’s interests arising from his or her moral rights, and whether such interests would also be sufficiently safeguarded after an author’s death (post mortem auctoris).
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Dnishev, F. M., F. G. Alzhanova und Z. T. Satpayeva. „Territorial Distribution of Kazakhstan’s Knowledge-Intensive Sectors of the Economy: Opportunities and Prospects“. Economics: the strategy and practice 17, Nr. 2 (29.06.2022): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.51176/1997-9967-2022-2-52-65.
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The key strategic priorities of the development of Kazakhstan are diversification, technological modernization and formation of a new industrial structure. It is clear that modern industrial structure is impossible to be formed with-out knowledge-based industries and fields, and prerequisites for their development in the regions of Kazakhstan differ significantly. The goal of this article is to assess the prerequisites and prospects of spatial development of knowledge-based sectors of Kazakhstan’s economy. The methodology of the article is based on the theoretical and methodological provision that possibilities for the development of knowledge-based economy in local territories and at certain points depend of specific factors such as availability of research and academic organizations in the territory. System-structural and functional approaches, methods of empirical research, including observation, comparison, generalization, systematization, methods of analysis and synthesis, logical analysis, methods of regional studies, and cluster analysis were used. There was used as the information base of the research the data reflected in the periodical press, the data of ministries, works of scientists of Kazakhstan and copyright developments under the framework of the study of innovation localization process and knowledge-based sectors of the economy. It is shown that development of knowl-edge-based sectors of economy in Kazakhstan will not be widespread, but will have a «cellular nature», located inside the boundaries of separate territories or «high-tech districts» (knowledge-based hubs, knowledge-based clusters, and smart cities) and perspectives of their development will be considered. The results of the research have been tested while recommendations development on issues of Kazakhstan territories’ technological modernization.
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Mahila, Syarifa. „Keberadaan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Seni Batik Jambi di Kota Jambi“. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 18, Nr. 3 (06.10.2018): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v18i3.526.
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Batik Artwork is a work in the field of Intellectual Property Rights which is more primarily included in the Copyright field. To product a piece of batik cloth, several processes are needed, so that a piece of batik cloth has the possibility of attaching several intellectual property rights other than copyrights.Batik Jambi business is one group of Small and Medium Industries (IKM) that develops in the City of Jambi. Based on data obtained from the Jambi City Office of Trade and Industry, in 2016 there were 98 units of Batik Jambi IKM, in 2017 there were 88 units of Batik Jambi IKM.Each IKM generally has no intellectual property rights. Only limited brands registered with the Trade and Industry Office as brands for registration of business licenses. This is because they still feel that they are not yet in line with the turnover they earn, while registration is certainly a cost.
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Cho, Yongsun, Daeho Lee und Inyoung Park. „Comparison of Media Company Performance Efficiency Based on the Search Engine’s Method of Providing News Content (External Links vs. Internal Links)“. Applied Sciences 12, Nr. 23 (02.12.2022): 12327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312327.
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The conflict between the search engine and the news media industries has become a fierce dispute. News media companies produce news content and receive advertising and subscription fees, however, search engines that select and place content that they did not create themselves do not pay copyright fees, depending on the situation. We focused on search engines that use two hyperlink methods (external links vs. internal links) to deliver news content to consumers and analyzed how the two hyperlink methods affect the technical efficiency of media companies. Still, there have been few empirical studies on the performance efficiency of news media companies depending on how search engines provide news content. Analyzing by meta-frontier production function, the result shows when news services are provided through internal links, media companies are strongly constrained under the influence of search engines regardless of the companies’ size, financial status, and reputation. However, if a media company can provide a suitable user interface and high-quality content to consumers, the external link strategy can be competitive with the internal link strategy. The result of this study can be a starting point for resolving conflicts between search engines and the media industry.
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MS, Zulela. „THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY IN CHILDREN STORY WRITING FOR INDUSTRY MORAL AND CULTURE BASED ON CREATIVITY NATION“. IJER - INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL REVIEW 4, Nr. 2 (21.12.2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/ijer.04.02.10.
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The development of this research aims to produce a set of models of teaching elementary school children to write stories that integrate approaches, methods, instructional media in developing creative writing children stories among elementary school students. In particular, this research is expected to produce outputs (products) in the form:1) a model in the development of primary school children to write stories, 2) examples Subjects who can lead the development of writing skills of primary school children's story, 2). Examples of children's story of the development of elementary school students, were excavated from the real experience of the students, the which can be built into a part of the creative industries are rooted in ideas of elementary school students.This research trying to empower the potential that exists in elementary school students. The second stage of the research that will come in the learning models will be implemented a to write stories (experimental) in elementary school, and the results will be applied in the form of models of teaching materials in writing stories and examples of stories. If this research can be continued into the third stage will be Followed by a revision of the results of children's stories written by elementary school students. Furthermore, mass production in cooperation with publishers and Obtain intellectual property rights
Keywords: Writing, Children's Stories, Copyright
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BUDNIKEVICH, Iryna, und Kseniia DUZIAK. „THE PLACE OF THE FASHION INDUSTRY IN THE STRUCTURE OF CREATIVE STUDIOS“. Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Economic sciences 304, Nr. 2(2) (18.03.2022): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2022-304-2(2)-33.
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The article examines the role and place of the fashion industry in the structure of creative industries, which today are one of the fastest growing sectors of the economy, a source of creating added value and new jobs through the generation of ideas, production, promotion and sale of products created on the basis of cultural, creative, knowledge and intellectual resources.Summarized information about the contribution of creative industries to the development of world and national economies, to creating jobs and ensuring sustainable development. Based on the theoretical analysis of the definitions of the “Creative Economy” category proposed by domestic and foreign scientists, public and professional organizations, it was concluded that the unifying elements are: ideas, creativity, innovation, knowledge, intelligence, uniqueness, technology, sustainability, value. Researched approaches to defining the essence of creative industries (creative studios) as the basis of the creative economy. The features of creative industries are summarized: the subjects are creative companies that are directly or indirectly based on creativity, originality, talents and unique skills; carry value for the preservation of cultural heritage, national identity and reflection of local characteristics; meet many sustainability challenges and ESG factors; use of creative, cultural, knowledge and intellectual resources; use of intellectual property objects for the production of goods and services; the result of activity is also objects of intellectual property and copyright; a creative product has a high value, as it involves a significant contribution of ideas and work of a creative person; the creative product is the object of falsification, counterfeiting and “piracy”; creative industries create new consumer value, added value and jobs; a high share of the use of product and technological innovations; a significant entrepreneurial, innovative and marketing component. It was noted that the modern fashion industry is an important sector of the creative economy, which includes the development, production, promotion and sale of fashionable goods (clothing, shoes, accessories). A semantic analysis of the inclusion of fashion in the structure of creative industries according to various approaches has been carried out, which proves the presence of this industry in all classifications of creative industries. It was concluded that fashion is one of the dominant components of creative industries, a form of mass communication, a cultural industry, generates its own marketing and advertising technologies, a special “fashion product”, professional and informal fashion communities that have their own opinion and form specific standards. It was concluded that the fashion industry should be considered as an element of the creative economy, a creative industry that combines developers and manufacturers of fashionable products, suppliers of resources (raw materials, information, intellectual, marketing, creative), innovations and technologies (FashTech), the sphere of promotion services, implementation and service.
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Kasasbeh, Dima, Mohammed Anbar, Ghassan Issa, Basim Ahmad Alabsi und Shaza Dawood Ahmed Rihan. „Adaptive 3D Reversible Data Hiding Technique Based on the Cumulative Peak Bins in the Histogram of Directional Prediction Error“. Electronics 12, Nr. 15 (27.07.2023): 3245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12153245.
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Reversible data hiding (RDH) is crucial in modern data security, ensuring confidentiality and tamper-proofness in various industries like copyright protection, medical imaging, and digital forensics. As technology advances, RDH techniques become essential, but the trade-off between embedding capacity and visual quality must be heeded. In this paper, the relative correlation between the pixel’s local complexity and its directional prediction error is employed to enhance an efficient RDH without using a location map. An embedding process based on multiple cumulative peak region localization (MCPRL) is proposed to hide information in the 3D-directional prediction error histogram with a lower local complexity value and avoid the underflow/overflow problems. The carrier image is divided into three color channels, and then each channel is split into two non-overlapping sets: blank and shadow. Two half-directional prediction errors (the blank set and the shadow set) are constructed to generate a full-directional prediction error for each color channel belonging to the host image. The local complexity value and directional prediction error are critical metrics in the proposed embedding process to improve security and robustness. By utilizing these metrics to construct a 3D stego-Blank Set, the 3D stego-shadow Set will be subsequently constructed using the 3D blank set. The proposed technique outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of embedding capacity, image quality, and robustness against attacks without an extra location map. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for various 3D RDH techniques.
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Schmid, Jan, Robert Day, Ningxin Zhang, Pierre-Yves Dupont, Murray P. Cox, Christopher L. Schardl, Niki Minards et al. „Host Tissue Environment Directs Activities of an Epichloë Endophyte, While It Induces Systemic Hormone and Defense Responses in Its Native Perennial Ryegrass Host“. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 30, Nr. 2 (Februar 2017): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-10-16-0215-r.
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Increased resilience of pasture grasses mediated by fungal Epichloë endophytes is crucial to pastoral industries. The underlying mechanisms are only partially understood and likely involve very different activities of the endophyte in different plant tissues and responses of the plant to these. We analyzed the transcriptomes of Epichloë festucae and its host, Lolium perenne, in host tissues of different function and developmental stages. The endophyte contributed approximately 10× more to the transcriptomes than to the biomass of infected tissues. Proliferating mycelium in growing host tissues highly expressed genes involved in hyphal growth. Nonproliferating mycelium in mature plant tissues, transcriptionally equally active, highly expressed genes involved in synthesizing antiherbivore compounds. Transcripts from the latter accounted for 4% of fungal transcripts. Endophyte infection systemically but moderately increased transcription of L. perenne genes with roles in hormone biosynthesis and perception as well as stress and pathogen resistance while reducing expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. There was a good correlation between transcriptome-based observations and physiological observations. Our data indicate that the fitness-enhancing effects of the endophyte are based both on its biosynthetic activities, predominantly in mature host tissues, and also on systemic alteration of the host’s hormonal responses and induction of stress response genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
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Budnik, R. A. „Risks and Prospects of Creativity Tokenization“. Journal of Digital Technologies and Law 1, Nr. 3 (20.08.2023): 587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.21202/jdtl.2023.25.
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Objective: tokenization of creativity, alongside with cryptoeconomy and Web3 network infrastructure, is a notable trend in the development of modern society in the third decade of the 21st century. The objective of this article is to explore the risks and prospects emerging in the process of disposition of the creative labor results in the form of non-fungible tokens.Methods: the research methodology is based on analysis of varied viewpoints on the problem, including diametrically opposing concepts. The opposing views of the observers manifest their attitude to tokenization of creative products as a speculative scheme, on the one hand, and a promising tool of creative industries development, on the other.Results: the probable negative consequences of tokenization of intellectual activity results are identified; author’s recommendations on managing these risks are given. Another result of this publication is analysis of economiclegal prospects stemming from tokenization of the objects of copyright and neighboring rights by the example of musical pieces.Scientific novelty: it consists in presenting and substantiating a hypothesis that the relations formed in the musical industry under the modern sociocultural and technological realities will be reproduced in other creative industries. Also, scientific novelty consists in the analysis of prospects of tokenization of such results of intellectual activity as gaming artifacts, works of traditional and digital visual arts, patents and scientific achievements. The use of nonfungible tokens the ecosystem of network computer games will allow gamers to buy and sell rights to game pieces autonomously from game publishers. Tokenization of industrial property objects and individualization means will ensure protection of intellectual rights of their authors while waiting for the issuance of a state protection document. In the modern society, there will be many of those wishing to become an owner of a token for a scientific work, as the popularity of science and innovations is constantly growing in developed countries. Ownership of a token for a scientific work will be regarded a moral investment, increasing the prestige and status of its owner. Tokens for scientific works have a high potential as a means of measuring value in a post-economic society.Practical significance: it consists in the description of innovative means of using creative products and business models based on tokenization of the results of intellectual activity, ready to be implemented in practice.
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Mayana, Ranti Fauza, und Tisni Santika. „VAN GOGH IMMERSIVE EXHIBITION: LESSONS & OPPORTUNITIES FOR TRADITIONAL CULTURAL EXPRESSIONS DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA“. Transnational Business Law Journal 4, Nr. 2 (19.08.2023): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/transbuslj.v4i2.1447.
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Van Gogh's immersive exhibition is held in more than 90 cities around the world including Berlin, Beijing, Paris, London, Madrid, Rome, Sydney, and Jakarta. Until mid-2023, the exhibition has been attended by more than 8.5 million visitors and is an example of intellectual property development. Corresponding to business, IP Development is the capitalization of ideas, creativity, and innovation in producing products or services that contain creative content through systems of human activity related to the creation, production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services that have cultural, artistic, aesthetic, intellectual and emotional values for consumers. This paper employs a descriptive-analytical approach to describe the relevant legal rules and legal theories of copyright and their application in the IP development of artworks for businesses and the opportunities for Indonesia. The finding of the study indicates that immersive technology as a platform for the development of artworks based on Traditional Cultural Expressions (TCEs) potentially creates opportunities for intellectual property legal protection and business development of Indonesia’s TCEs in the frame of Cultural Industries. The commercialization of TCEs using immersive technologies potentially helps in fulfilling two key objectives: capturing new audiences and contributing to economic profit. However, the involvement of legal and non-legal elements as the basis for the implementation conducted in a collaborative framework between state holders and relevant stakeholders is required
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Pak, Yunseok, und Siyeol Kim. „A Review of Copyright License Issues and Fair Use in the Broadcasting Field: Focusing on broadcasting monitoring“. Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 43, Nr. 4 (30.11.2023): 181–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2023.43.4.181.
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Disputes related to copyright frequently arise in the broadcasting and OTT services. There are three types of disputes. The first is disputes between broadcasters and collective management organizations regarding trust agreements for phonogram incorperated in audiovisual works. The second issue is related to broadcasting remuneration for using audiovisual works and phonograms in broadcasting, and the last is the the application of broadcasting remuneration claims according to international treaties. Some legislative proposals were announced to solve these problems. However, these proposals also have inherent problems that make them difficult to implement. The broadcasting monitoring system is being introduced as a solution to solve copyright rights issues in broadcasting. It is important to point out that the quantitative criteria for fair use need to expand the fair use of copyrights with the broadcasting monitoring system. It might be observed that if a user is sued based on fair use, the user will bear litigation costs. Therefore, if the copyright license fee is lower than the lawsuit cost, it is advantageous for the users to pay for the use of a very small portion of copyrighted works. With the introduction of the broadcasting monitoring system, particularly when implementing a monitoring system for literary works, it is necessary that fair use has to be distinguished from licensed uses of copyright works, and a substantial database for literary works may be required.
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Nafiunisa, Aininu, Nita Aryanti und Dyah Hesti Wardhani. „Kinetic Study of Saponin Extraction from Sapindus rarak DC by Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods“. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 14, Nr. 2 (01.08.2019): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.2.4253.468-477.
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Saponin is an important plant-derived compound that is commonly found in sapindaceae plants, such as Sapindus rarak DC. Saponin is extensively used in plenty of industries as a detergent or emulsifying agent in cleansers, shampoos, and cosmetics. The extraction of saponin was previously studied and shows that the extraction assisted by ultrasonic waves was found to be an effective method. However, the previous studies have rarely examined the extraction kinetic study of the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). In the present study, the extraction of saponin from Sapindus rarak DC and its extraction kinetics is conducted. The results show that the highest saponin yield of 354.92 (mg of saponin per gram of dry feed) was obtained from the extraction using a solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio of 1:50 (w/v) at 50 °C. The amount of extracted saponin increased with the increase of extraction temperature as well as the solute ratio in the solution. However, increasing the temperature to 60 °C decreased the saponin yield. The results of a simple kinetics study of saponin extraction also show that the second-order kinetics model can better describe the UAE process, with an R2 value of 0.929 and a rate coefficient of 0.00495 L.g-1.min-1. The experimental results agree well with the practical calculations obtained using the second-order kinetics model based on an average error of 6.79%. Copyright © 2019 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
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Сальков, Николай, und Nikolay Sal'kov. „Application of Dupin Cyclide’s Properties to Inventions“. Geometry & Graphics 5, Nr. 4 (13.12.2017): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a17fd233418b2.84489740.
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Dupin cyclide belongs to channel surfaces. These surfaces are the single known ones whose focal surfaces, i.e. surfaces consisting of point sets of centers of curvatures, have been degenerated into two confocal second order curves. In the works devoted to Dupin cyclide and published in the "Geometry and Graphics" journal, are presented various cyclides’ properties and demonstrated application of these surfaces in various industries, mostly in construction. Based on Dupin cyclides’ properties have been developed several inventions relating to drawing devices and having the opportunity to apply in various geometric constructions with the use of computer technologies. It is possible because the Dupin cyclides’ geometric properties suppose not only to create devices recognized as inventions, but also provide an opportunity to apply these properties to write programs for drawing v arious kinds of curves on a display screen: the second order curves, their equidistant in the direction of normals or tangents, as well as to perform other constructions. It should be said that in inventions belonging to technical areas, which include the drawing devices, the geometric component is always decisive. This position with the express aim of technical inventions can justify any copyright certificate of the USSR, any patent of Russia and foreign countries. Unfortunately, currently in schools geometry is not studied as a component of pupil’s intellectual horizons, that broadens his area of interests and teaches to analytical understanding the world, but as an inevitable, almost unnecessary appendage in preparation for the Unified State Examination.
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Guimarães, Daniela Helena Pelegrine, Ana Lúcia Gabas Ferreira und Pedro Felipe Arce. „Effect of Storage Time on the Physical, Chemical, and Rheological Properties of Blueberry Jam: Experimental Measurements and Artificial Neural Network Simulation“. Foods 12, Nr. 15 (27.07.2023): 2853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12152853.
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Reversible data hiding (RDH) is crucial in modern data security, ensuring confidentiality and tamper-proofness in various industries like copyright protection, medical imaging, and digital forensics. As technology advances, RDH techniques become essential, but the trade-off between embedding capacity and visual quality must be heeded. In this paper, the relative correlation between the pixel’s local complexity and its directional prediction error is employed to enhance an efficient RDH without using a location map. An embedding process based on multiple cumulative peak region localization (MCPRL) is proposed to hide information in the 3D-directional prediction error histogram with a lower local complexity value and avoid the underflow/overflow problems. The carrier image is divided into three color channels, and then each channel is split into two non-overlapping sets: blank and shadow. Two half-directional prediction errors (the blank set and the shadow set) are constructed to generate a full-directional prediction error for each color channel belonging to the host image. The local complexity value and directional prediction error are critical metrics in the proposed embedding process to improve security and robustness. By utilizing these metrics to construct a 3D stego-Blank Set, the 3D stego-shadow Set will be subsequently constructed using the 3D blank set. The proposed technique outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of embedding capacity, image quality, and robustness against attacks without an extra location map. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for various 3D RDH techniques.
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Lin, Zihan, Jingyan Wang und Shuaiqi Xu. „Advancements in Private Set Union: Protocols, Security Frameworks, and Applications“. Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 85 (13.03.2024): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/bg91vt52.
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Private Set Union (PSU), a subset of Private Set Intersection (PSI) methodologies, is swiftly marking its importance in an era that progressively values computational integrity without infringing data privacy. This necessity sprouted from the intricate balance between ensuring rigorous privacy protection and fostering beneficial data sharing. PSU enables multiple entities to establish a union of their individual datasets without revealing their private information to each other. The foundational security models that drive PSU are both intricate and robust, with roots tracing back to the Computational Diffie-Hellman problems. These problems address the challenges of ensuring secure computations in multi-party scenarios. Attack strategies targeting PSU have evolved over time, leading to an enhancement in the defense mechanisms. Techniques utilizing encryption, randomization, and other cryptographic methods have seen consistent improvement, making privacy-preserved inter-party data analytics both feasible and efficient. Recent breakthroughs in PSU protocols have seen rigorous evaluations based on efficiency, security, and performance metrics. These evaluations aim to determine how these protocols fare under real-world conditions and what challenges they might encounter. Additionally, PSU’s adaptability and relevance have been showcased across various industries. Whether it's digital libraries collaborating for enriched content while preserving copyright restrictions, financial institutions aiming to analyze transaction patterns without compromising individual account details, risk assessment firms sharing data to provide better evaluations without revealing sensitive details, joint graph computations ensuring optimal routing without exposing network infrastructures, or the ever-growing Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem maintaining device interoperability while upholding user privacy; PSU’s prominence is undeniable.
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Stevenson, Mark, und Jerry Busby. „An exploratory analysis of counterfeiting strategies“. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 35, Nr. 1 (05.01.2015): 110–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-04-2012-0174.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify strategies employed by product counterfeiters in their exploitation of legitimate supply chains; to develop a theoretical understanding of counterfeiting and its impact on competitive resources; and, to propose counter-measures for increasing the resilience of supply chains to the counterfeiting threat. Design/methodology/approach – An inductive, qualitative analysis of secondary case data obtained from three sources. Findings – Initial searching and coding identified four sets of strategies: extraction strategies, for obtaining products or materials from the legitimate economy; production strategies, for manufacturing counterfeit goods; distribution strategies; and, infiltration strategies, for introducing counterfeits into the legitimate economy. Secondary, focused coding revealed that much of what the counterfeiting strategies set out to achieve involves the generation, suppression or exploitation of signals. A theoretical account of counterfeiting and its impact on competitive resources (quality, reputation and trademark) is then developed based on signalling theory and the resource-based view. Research limitations/implications – A set of counter-measures for dealing with the counterfeiting threat are proposed. There is scope for much further work on counterfeit resilience, including on establishing the effectiveness of these counter-measures. Practical implications – Counterfeiting is an increasingly significant supply chain problem. It provides a direct economic challenge to legitimate producers, undermines the value of trademarks and threatens consumer welfare. It affects many industries, including automotives, aerospace and pharmaceuticals, where counterfeits have sometimes proven fatal. The paper adds to the understanding of how this phenomenon takes place and how it might be tackled. Originality/value – Although many OM studies refer to the risks of patent and copyright infringements that arise in supply chains, the problem of product counterfeiting has received only limited attention, leaving a clear gap in the understanding.
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de Prato, Giuditta, und Jean Paul Simon. „Public policies and government interventions in the book publishing industry“. Info 16, Nr. 2 (04.03.2014): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/info-04-2013-0014.
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Purpose – The purpose is to review public policies and government interventions in the book publishing industry, a sector where public policies have blossomed. The paper concentrates on five major issues: intellectual property rights and issue of infringements (piracy), the debate about the fixed price of books (vs free market) or the agency versus wholesale models, VAT discrimination between printed books and e-books, the role institutions like libraries and registration authorities, and competition issues. Design/methodology/approach – This article is based on an extensive set of research initiated by the EC JRC IPTS on the “Statistical, ecosystems and competitiveness analysis of the Media and Content Industries”. The research implied an extensive review of the literature, meetings with players and validation workshops. This paper focuses more on the analysis of policy documents and position of players. Findings – The paper shows a growing discrepancy between the leading position of the EU publishing industry and its position in on-line distribution and production of e-books. The EU leads the global publishing market, with companies like Bertelsmann, Hachette or Pearson. However, compared with the USA, in the EU, the e-book market is still negligible. The European e-book market is fragmented, expanding fast in the UK and lagging behind in other Member States. As digitisation of books and earlier on-line distribution of physical books are changing the landscape, the paper considers potential policies at EU level to coordinate, accompany and speed up the process of digitalisation. Research limitations/implications – The article stems from the research initiated by the IPTS on the “Statistical, ecosystems and competitiveness analysis of the Media and Content Industries” (MCI). This research was based on a review and synthesis of the available literature, desk research. The results were reviewed by experts from the book industry at dedicated meetings. The paper does not cover other important public policy issues such as the role in the functioning of democracies, triggering consequent rights and responsibilities with respect to human rights, democracy, and freedom of information and cultural diversity. Practical implications – To contribute to the debate about the policies needed for the economic health and development conditions that will support the future competitiveness of the book publishing industry. There is a need to better understand if policies designed for the physical world will be effective in a digital world. Distribution is very different in a digital world from physical distribution; these supply-side policies may reach their limits. Originality/value – In the media and entertainment markets, the book market is the only one where EU companies (Bertelsman, Hachette, Pearson, Wolters Kluwer) lead. However, this industry is one of the less covered segments of these markets. Besides, the paper combines a review of legacy policies such as copyright, fixed prices, and issues raised by the digital shift such as VAT discrimination between physical books and e-books.
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Bagus Gede Ari Rama und Kadek Julia Mahadewi. „PELANGGARAN HUKUM TERHADAP KARYA CIPTA BUKU HASIL TERJEMAHAN DALAM BENTUK ELEKTRONIK : PERSPEKTIF UU HAK CIPTA“. Kerta Dyatmika 21, Nr. 2 (15.05.2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/kd.21.2.1411.1-8.
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Adanya perkembangan teknologi yang sangat pesat di era digital sekarang ini serta adanya pergeseran minat baca masyarakat dewasa ini juga berpengaruh pada adanya potensi pelanggaran hukum terkait akses e-book secara bebas di dunia maya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum serta hal-hal yang perlu diperhatikan untuk menghindari kemungkinan adanya pelanggaran hukum terhadap karya cipta buku hasil terjemahan dalam bentuk elektronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normative serta menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat diketahui bahwa pelanggaran terhadap suatu karya cipta dapat digugat melalui APS atau arbitrase serta pengadilan niaga serta dapat di pidana sesuai ketentuan dalam Pasal 113 ayat (1) sampai dengan ayat (4) UUHC, terjemahan karya cipta buku dalam bentuk elektronik bukanlah suatu pelanggaran terhadap hak cipta jika penerjemah telah mendapatkan lisensi dari pemegang hak cipta serta telah mendaftarkan perjanjiannya secara tertulis kepada Menkumham,
The rapid development of technology in today's digital era and the shift in reading interest in today's society also have an impact on the potential for law violations related to free access to e-books in cyberspace. This study aims to analyze the legal consequences and matters that need to be considered to avoid the possibility of legal violations against copyrighted works of books translated in electronic form. This study uses normative research methods and uses a statutory approach. Based on the research that has been done, it can be seen that infringement of a copyrighted work can be sued through APS or arbitration as well as a commercial court and can be punished according to the provisions in Article 113 paragraph (1) to paragraph (4) UUHC, translation of copyrighted books in electronic form is not an infringement of copyright if the translator has obtained a license from the copyright holder and has registered the agreement in writing to the Minister of Law and Human Rights
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Sadighi, Sepehr, Seyed Reza Seif Mohaddecy und Mehdi Rashidzadeh. „Modeling, Evaluating and Scaling up a Commercial Multilayer Claus Converter Based on Bench Scale Experiments“. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 15, Nr. 2 (25.05.2020): 465–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.15.2.7521.465-475.
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Industrial scale reactors work adiabatically and measuring their performance in an isothermal bench scale reactor is faced with uncertainties. In this research, based on kinetic models previously developed for alumina and titania commercial Claus catalysts, a multilayer bench scale model is constructed, and it is applied to simulate the behavior of an industrial scale Claus converter. It is shown that performing the bench scale isothermal experiments at the temperature of 307 ºC can reliably exhibit the activity of catalytic layers of an industrial Claus converter operating at the weighted average bed temperature (WABT) of 289 ºC. Additionally, an adiabatic model is developed for a target industrial scale Claus reactor, and it is confirmed that this model can accurately predict the temperature, and molar percentages of H2S and CS2. Based on simulation results, 20% of excess amount of Claus catalysts should be loaded to compensate their deactivation during the process cycle life. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved
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Manurung, Edison Hatoguan, und Ina Heliany. „FORMS OF LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST INDONESIAN MSMES IN THE FIELD OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS“. International Journal of Economy, Education and Entrepreneurship (IJE3) 1, Nr. 1 (18.06.2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53067/ije3.v1i1.2.
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As a business actor, it is only natural that MSMEs need to pay attention to the intellectual Property of the products they produce. Even though as we know that the registration of Intellectual Property, be it Copyrights, Brands, Patents, Trade Secrets, Industrial Designs, and Integrated Circuit Layout Designs (DST), is a distinct advantage for MSME actors; there is still little interest in Indonesian MSMEs to register Intellectual Property. Unfortunately, because noting IPR can protect its business products without fear of being copied by other parties. Based on the description above, what will be discussed in this research is 1. How is the government's legal protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Indonesia? 2. What factors cause the reluctance of MSMEs to take advantage of the IPR system? 3. What is the potential for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that can be used for Indonesian Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)? The method used in this research is normative juridical research using secondary data in the form of intellectual property books and applicable laws and regulations. Based on the provisional assumption, it is known that the state of government legal protection for IPR in Indonesia is by enacting several rules relating to IPR, namely Law No. 30/2000 concerning Trade Secrets, Law no. 31/2000 regarding Industrial Design, Law no. 32/2000 concerning Layout Design of Integrated Circuits, Law no. 13/2016 on Patents, Law no. 20/2016 on Trademarks, Law no. 28/2014 on Copyright. The potential for Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) that can be used for Indonesian Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are Copyrights, Trademarks, Industrial Designs, and Trade Secrets and the factors that cause MSMEs reluctance to utilize the IPR system, namely, first, The registration procedure is long and complex. Secondly, the registration fee is expensive, and thirdly, it is related to the perception that law enforcement for IPR violations is feeble.
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Ramadhan, Galih Dwi. „Perlindungan Hukum dan Implementasi Doktrin Fair Use Terhadap Costume Play (Cosplay) dalam Hak Cipta dan Desain Industri“. JIPRO : Journal of Intellectual Property 4, Nr. 1 (02.01.2022): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/jipro.vol4.iss1.art2.
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Cosplay 'Costume & Play' is a term that describes a pop-culture phenomenon about a person's creativity by creating and using a costume and its accessories to play a role based on references to fictional characters from comic books, animated films, and video games. Costumes and accessories used for cosplay are the work of human intellectuals which should be protected by intellectual property rights because in practice many parties get financial benefits from cosplay activities. There is no explicit regulation on the protection of intellectual works, especially Copyright and Industrial Design Rights for cosplay costumes and accessories. A normative juridical study is needed in understanding the legal provisions on cosplay using the Copyright Law and the Industrial Design Law.
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Pisuke, Heiki, und Aleksei Kelli. „Intellectual Property in an Innovation-based Economy“. Review of Central and East European Law 33, Nr. 2 (2008): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598808x262614.
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AbstractThe process of transformation into an innovation-based economy has had a considerable impact on the intellectual property (IP) system. IP has become an integral part of innovative processes. These developments have led to changes in IP concepts. The authors argue that the notion of IP must include both legal (IP as rights) and economic (IP as an asset) aspects. The balance between different kinds of IP (copyright, related rights, industrial property) within innovation processes should be reviewed in order to acknowledge the rightful place of copyright as the core of IP and IP culture. Nevertheless, the major tools for enhancing innovation are still based on industrial property. The role of IP in different kinds of policy documents should be increased. In order to fully exploit the potential of IP, it is necessary to enhance the development of supportive infrastructure for the utilization and commercialization of IP (intellectual infrastructure). Such infrastructure should support the functioning of IP systems, identifying new knowledge and transfering knowledge from entrepreneurial universities to industry. Raising public awareness about practical aspects of IP and fostering IP competencies are of paramount importance. Teaching IP at universities and adopting university IP policies form an important part of this process. According to the vision of the authors, a basic course on IP should be taught at every university to all students. Specialized IP courses should be part of the curricula at the faculties of law, economics, engineering, biology, philosophy, etc. The authors outline the Estonian experience with regard to these issues.
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Spitsyna, Hanna, und Alla Hordeyuk. „Features of modern classification of intellectual property items“. Naukovyy Visnyk Dnipropetrovs'kogo Derzhavnogo Universytetu Vnutrishnikh Sprav 3, Nr. 3 (30.09.2020): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31733/2078-3566-2020-3-58-64.
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This article determines modern classification of intellectual property objects, which identified in international regulations and presumed by scientists, studding problematic issues in sphere of intellectual property. The defined, which the most common is classification, with distribution criterion of objects in group to the institutions of intellectual property: copyright and related rights; industrial property law. The individual scientists have their own approach regarding inclusion in different classification groups. The offered with given the content of international law and scientific research of scientists, classify of intellectual property objects by several criteria in depending: from the assignment of objects to a specific legal institutions of intellectual property; from the legal nature of objects which without fail subject to patenting or state registration or on them spread of presumption of authorship; from the title of protection, which issued based on patenting result or state registration of specific objects. By these criteria expediently to highlight such groups and subgroups of intellectual property objects: objects of copyright and related rights with separate subgroup copyright objects and subgroup related rights objects; objects of the institution of industrial property law, where to highlight the patent law objects, the objects, where individualize of participants in civil transaction, goods, services and subgroup of unconventional objects. Determined the need in modern realities of virtualization of legal realities to additions to the list intellectual property objects, which is defined in article 420 Civil code of Ukraine, such facilities of domain name and website. The domain name include in subgroups of industrial property law objects, which individualize of participants in civil transaction, goods and services, and website include in group objects of copyright and related rights, guided by the legislator’s position. The legislator secured concept of website in the law of Ukraine «On copyright and related rights».
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Liu, Yan Xia. „The Influence of Cloud Computing on Digital Publishing“. Advanced Materials Research 971-973 (Juni 2014): 1799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.971-973.1799.
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The main problems restricting the development of digital publishing include: the lack of a clear business model and integrated services platform supporting business development, unable to achieve the customers’? value innovation; the lack of unified standard of digital publishing industry, unable to realize the orderly and scale development; the lack of effective mechanism of copyright protection of digital publishing, unable to realize the value protection. This paper discussed the innovation direction of digital publishing mode under the cloud computing environment from the following aspects: build cloud publishing comprehensive service platform, expand industrial organization boundary, optimize resources allocation; build digital publishing standard based on “?cloud computing”? and achieve scale development; set up the publication service platform based on “?cloud computing”? to realize copyright protection effectively.
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Mashdurohatun, Anis, Adhi Budi Susilo und Bambang Tri Bawono. „Copyright Protection towards the Society 5.0“. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, Nr. 2 (30.04.2021): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.2.32.
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Technology business competition leads to the order of social life to solve challenges through a combination of innovations from various elements found in the industrial revolution 4.0 towards Society 5.0. One form of Intellectual Property Rights is Copyright, which has the widest scope of protected objects since it includes science, art, literature, and computer programs where artificial intelligence will transform millions of data collected via the internet into increasingly complex wisdom to consider a technology that can bring benefits but is also a "threat and challenge" towards the gate of Society 5.0. This research aims to determine the protection of copyright law towards the gate of society 5.0. The research method used is normative juridical. Literary law research is legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data based on the principles, theories, doctrines, prevailing laws, and regulations. The study results found that the Copyright Law has not accommodated Society 5.0, especially economic rights for its creators. Article 6 is only to protect moral rights through Copyright management information and electronic information on Copyright. There is a need for the state's role, which functions as a regulator, provider, and counterweight, to adjust the rules to follow technological developments towards the gate of society 5.0, which does not mean changing all current legal products but is adaptive to existing legal instruments as legal protection measures to face a new chapter of intellectual property rights.
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Carpenter, Chris. „Geopolymer Implemented in Primary Casing Cementing“. Journal of Petroleum Technology 76, Nr. 05 (01.05.2024): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0524-0105-jpt.
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_ This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 32218, “First Global Implementation of Geopolymer in Primary Casing Cementing,” by Mark Meade, SPE, Yeukayi Nenjerama, SPE, and Chris Parton, SPE, SLB, et al. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2023 Offshore Technology Conference. _ Portland cements are integral components in the oilfield well-construction process; however, the confluence of various business drivers have created the need to find sustainable alternative materials. The complete paper presents the evaluation of geopolymer cementing for use in oil and gas wells, specifically the primary cementing of liner strings in the Permian Basin. Geopolymer cementing offers a unique opportunity for the oilfield industry to decrease CO2 emissions related to well construction and reduce dependence on the constrained supply of Portland cements. Introduction Manufacturing Portland cement emits approximately 1 ton of CO2 for every ton of cement produced. Additionally, the manufacturing of Portland cement is a complex process requiring specialized equipment. Thus, during spikes in demand of Portland cement, the supply of cement cannot be rapidly increased to meet demand. Geopolymers are slurries that set to become a hard, durable solid that can withstand stresses and strains and are resistant to corrosion. Moreover, geopolymers can be made from a broad range of aluminosilicate raw materials sourced from waste products from other industries, mined materials, and biowaste. The low manufacturing and processing requirements reduce the carbon footprint of geopolymers to a fraction of that of manufacturing Portland cement. Whereas Portland cement chemistry is driven by hydration of calcium aluminates and calcium silicates, geopolymer chemistry is based on the polymerization of aluminosilicates initiated by activators. The creation of geopolymers starts with dissolution of the aluminosilicate raw material into monomers by an increase in the pH of the fluid from the activator. Then, the activator provides a site for covalently bonded chains to form, and these chains undergo polycondensation to form the set 3D network of polymers. Implementation of this new material with such a different chemistry into the complex oilfield-construction process presents challenges that must be overcome. Challenges Existing geopolymer formulations typically are characterized as either two-step or one-step geopolymers. In two-step geopolymers, the activators are added into the mix fluid, whereas, in one-step geopolymers, the activators are dry blended with the aluminosilicate source. Implementation of two-step geopolymers would come with operational and logistical constraints impairing their scalability, along with increased service quality and health, safety, and environmental (HSE) risks. On the other hand, common existing one-step geopolymers are formulated with activator types that dissolve rapidly and disperse in the slurry. Therefore, development of novel chemistries for one-step geopolymers are required to introduce geopolymers into oilfield well construction. Such applications expose geopolymers to temperatures and pressures significantly above ambient for extended periods of time during slurry placement within the wellbore. To ensure quality assurance of job placement, hydraulic simulators should be reliable predictors of the top of the placement, and geopolymers set within the wellbore must be detectable using established sonic logging tools.
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Cheon, Bo-Geun, und Jae-Goo Lim. „Fundamental Research for Sports Record Education: Focus on Copyright of Sports Records“. Korean Society for Leisure Sciences 15, Nr. 1 (29.02.2024): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37408/kjls.2024.15.1.87.
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Educating about sports records in school physical education should encompass not only numbers, letters, shapes, and portraits but also the unique, creative, and diverse efforts involved in producing those records. Copyright should be an integral part of this education. This is because emphasizing the process rather than the outcome in sports education is more valid. However, in the current situation in South Korea, the theoretical concepts of copyright regarding sports records have not been systematically organized, leading to a significant lack of theoretical foundations for nurturing sports talents. Therefore, this study serves as a foundational research for sports copyright education, with the aim of organizing the content of education centered around sports records. The research employed a literature review method based on various prior studies and documents related to sports records, sports policies, and sports law. In summary, the results of the study are as follows: Firstly, records of sports athletes' achievements are categorized according to their nature, including personal information, game records, portraits, and other records. Secondly, the copyright for a player's records is conditionally recognized based on the criteria defined in copyright law.
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Dharmawan, Ni Ketut Supasti. „PROTECTING TRADITIONAL BALINESE WEAVING TROUGH COPYRIGHT LAW : IS IT APPROPRIATE?“ Diponegoro Law Review 2, Nr. 1 (28.04.2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.2.1.2017.57-84.
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As part of traditional cultural expressions (TCEs) , traditional weaving including “Traditional Balinese weaving” may be appropriately protected based on article 38 (1) Law No. 28 of 2014 concerning Indonesian Copyright Law. However, the new Indonesian copyright law seem unclearly protect traditional weaving expression as it is. As WIPO, in international level, protects traditional knowledge, the previous Indonesian copyright law (Law No. 19 of 2002) relatively clearly provides a legal basis to protect traditional weaving, especially when a foreigner uses traditional expression works for comercial purposes, the law empasizes that users should get a license from the state. Meanwhile, the new law is silent for a similar discourse. Therefore, the appropriate protection for traditional weaving through copyright regime is still called into question. The sui generis law, both in international and national levels, is espected to provide a legal basis protecting TCEs. Unfortunatly, it is still in the form of a bill until now in Indonesia. By understanding this phenomenon, some grounds to protect TCEs including traditional Balinese weaving can be considered such as human rights approach for traditional cultural community as well as the intangible cultural harritage approaches from UNESCO schema. In addition, sui-generis model provisions as well as inventorying and documenting can be considered as an appropriate way to prove and to preserve, safeguard, maintain, and protect traditional weaving including traditional Balinese weaving, although there are still challenges because a traditional motive of Balinese weaving is easily produced as an industrial fabric material through modern technology
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Pouris, Anastassios, und Roula Inglesi-Lotz. „The contribution of copyright-based industries to the South African economy“. South African Journal of Science 113, Nr. 11/12 (29.11.2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20160286.
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We report the results of an effort to measure the contribution of copyright-based industries to the South African economy. Following the methodology of the World Intellectual Property Organization, we identify the copyright industry’s contribution to GDP, employment, imports and exports in South Africa for the period 1970–2009. It was estimated that the sector contributed 4.1% to GDP – more than the contributions of other sectors such as agriculture and food, beverages and tobacco. Because of this quantified importance of the copyright-based industries, we recommend that relevant South African policy authorities and policymakers should monitor and publicise regularly the performance of the copyright-based industries as well as promote programmes for their development and growth.
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Jandhyala, Megha. „A Framework for a Capabilities-Based Approach to Copyright“. Revista Direito GV 17, Nr. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-6172202123.
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Abstract This article highlights the importance of an analysis of copyright law from a human development perspective. Drawing on Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach, it outlines why copyright scholarship and policymaking should address human capabilities. It also explores several vital questions that a human development approach to copyright raises, including questions about the distributional effects of copyright law. It examines Mary Sue fan fiction through the lens of the Capabilities Approach to illustrate how the approach differs from the standard utilitarian approach to copyright. Furthermore, it argues that several factors associated with a country’s level of development, particularly its social, economic, and institutional contexts, affect the relationship between copyright and human capabilities. Therefore, rather than making broad generalizations about whether or not copyright law is good or bad for human development, it concludes that aspects of copyright law can enhance human development in the presence of certain other factors (such as strong indigenous industries and institutions). Conversely, aspects of copyright law can have a significant negative impact on human capabilities in certain environments, such as a weak institutional environment, or a socio-economic environment that is fraught with inequality. To illustrate this point, the article examines the issue of piracy through the lens of the Capabilities Approach.