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Turlakova, S., und B. Lohvinenko. „Features of Management in the System of Coordination of Decisions at the Enterprises“. Economic Herald of the Donbas, Nr. 2 (64) (2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-2(64)-151-155.
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The features of management in the system of coordination of decisions at enterprises are considered. The relevance of reflexive management in the system of coordination of decisions at the enterprise has been determined. The analysis of the conceptual component of reflexive management processes in the decision coordination system is carried out. It is concluded that the development of appropriate mechanisms of reflexive management at enterprises should be based on the study of the system of psychological characteristics of decision-making by subjects to ensure an increase in controllability of both personnel and the enterprise as a whole. The features of management in the system of decision coordination at enterprises are determined, which necessitate the construction of conceptual provisions of reflexive management of decision coordination at enterprises within the framework of the above definitions. The implementation of reflexive management in the system for coordinating decisions at the enterprise will reduce the time for developing management decisions, reduce risk and uncertainty in the process of coordinating decisions, and increase the efficiency of the enterprise, using the full potential of production interactions of workers.
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Lohvinenko, Bohdan. „Modeling the process of horizontal coordination of decisions at enterprises based on a reflexive approach“. Economy of Industry 4, Nr. 96 (25.11.2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econindustry2021.04.081.
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The relevance of the study of the processes of coordination of decisions at enterprises by means of mathematical modeling of the corresponding processes has been substantiated in the paper. The concept of horizontal coordination of decisions at enterprises has been defined. The modeling of the process of horizontal coordination of decisions at an enterprise with the presence of a coordination center at a higher level than the one where the coordination takes place is considered. At the same time, two options for managing the process of coordinating decisions at enterprises with different goals of the coordination center are given. The first case assumes the achievement of the goal of managing a focal point, interested in obtaining reliable information from agents at the level of decision coordination with an employment of a non-manipulated direct mechanism. The second case assumes that the coordination center has a specific management goal in the process of horizontal coordination of decisions at the enterprise. Reflexive control in this case provides for the manipulation of obtaining the result of agreement, which will be as close as possible to a certain fixed value – the control goal of the coordination center. The use of the models of reflexive management of the process of horizontal coordination of decisions at the enterprise, which are given in the article, depends on the existing management goal of the coordination center. The use of appropriate models of horizontal coordination at management levels will help to increase the efficiency of collective decision-making processes at enterprises, which will improve the efficiency of their functioning. A promising direction of research has been defined – modeling the processes of coordinating decisions at different levels of management.
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McCain, Roger A., und Richard Hamilton. „Coordination games, anti-coordination games, and imitative learning“. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, Nr. 1 (Februar 2014): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13001799.
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AbstractBentley et al.'s scheme generates distributions characteristic of situations of high and low social influence on decisions and of high and low salience (“transparency”) of rewards. Another element of decisions that may influence the placement of a decision process in their map is the way in which individual decisions interact to determine the payoffs. This commentary discusses the role of Nash equilibria in game theory, focusing especially on coordination and anti-coordination games.
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Logvinenko, B. „Economic Mechanism of Coordination of Decisions in the System of Reflexive Management at the Enterprises“. Economic Herald of the Donbas, Nr. 3 (65) (2021): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/1817-3772-2021-3(65)-155-161.
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The urgency of development of the economic mechanism of coordination of decisions in system of reflexive management at the enterprises is proved. research pits. Situations of economic interaction in the process of horizontal and vertical coordination of decisions at the appropriate levels of enterprise management are presented within the hypothesis of the possibility of effective organization of the process of coordination of decisions at the enterprise using reflexive management methods to increase efficiency and effectiveness of coordination of decisions. To solve the tasks of decision coordination, the possibility of applying the conceptual provisions of the economic mechanism of decision coordination, which aims to diagnose the behavior of economic agents and ensure coordination of horizontal and vertical coordination of decisions in enterprises in a system of reflexive management to improve efficiency and competitive advantages. The synthesis of methods of the economic mechanism of coordination of decisions in system of reflexive management at the enterprises is developed. Implementation of the conceptual provisions of the economic mechanism of coordination of decisions in the system of reflective management in enterprises using appropriate methods will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of coordination of decisions in accordance with the purpose of the coordination center to achieve the goals of the enterprise. Perspective directions of research are outlined.
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Mulesa, Oksana, Yurii Bilak, Yevhenii Kykyna und Dmytro Ferens. „Development of decision approval rules in multichannel decision-making systems“. Technology audit and production reserves 6, Nr. 2(62) (07.12.2021): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.244665.
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The research is devoted to the development of rules for the coordination of decisions in multichannel decision-making systems. Systems are considered that in an automated continuous mode process incoming signals from different channels and, on their basis, make the final decision. One of the most problematic stages in the operation of such systems is their own coordination of solutions received from different channels. There may be cases where different channels provide signals with opposite values. Then the choice of the decisive solution should depend on the reliability of the channels under consideration. The object of research is the processes that take place during the coordination of decisions in multichannel decision-making systems. The development and implementation of such systems will allow in an automated mode to generalize the solution obtained through different channels, to increase the reliability and efficiency of the systems as a whole. During the study, the following methods were used: – a systematic approach – when analyzing the structure and functioning of multichannel one-stage decision-making systems; – method of mathematical modeling – for formalizing the problem of coordinating decisions in multichannel decision-making systems; – method of analysis – when developing rules for agreeing decisions. The authors analyzed the structure of a one-stage multichannel decision-making system. The case is considered when the channels, based on the initial data entering the system, decide on the presence or absence of a certain fact. That is, the channels send signals from the set {True, False}. In the study, decision rules for the coordination of decisions were developed, taking into account not only the signals received from different channels, but also the reliability of the channels themselves. As is usual in decision theory, different rules can give different results for the same initial data. The choice of the decision rule depends on the decision maker, its personal psychological qualities and the scope of the system.
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EL-GHAMRAWY, SALLY M., und ALI I. ELDESOUKY. „AN AGENT DECISION SUPPORT MODULE BASED ON GRANULAR ROUGH MODEL“. International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 11, Nr. 04 (Juli 2012): 793–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622012500216.
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A multi-agent system (MAS) is a branch of distributed artificial intelligence, composed of a number of distributed and autonomous agents. In a MAS, effective coordination is essential for autonomous agents to achieve their goals. Any decision based on a foundation of knowledge and reasoning can lead agents into successful cooperation; to achieve the necessary degree of flexibility in coordination, an agent must decide when to coordinate and which coordination mechanism to use. The performance of any MAS depends directly on the decisions made by the agents. The agents must therefore be able to make correct decisions. This paper proposes a decision support module in a distributed MAS that is concerned with two main decisions: the decision needed to allocate a task to specific agent/s and the decision needed to select the appropriate coordination mechanism when agents must coordinate with other agent/s to accomplish a specific task. An algorithm for the task allocation decision maker (TADM) and the coordination mechanism selection decision maker (CMSDM) algorithm are proposed that are based on the granular rough model (GRM). Furthermore, a number of experiments were performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms; the efficiency of the proposed algorithms is compared with recent works. The preliminary results demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithms.
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Xu, Yang, Yulin Zhang und Ming Liu. „Multiagent Based Decentralized Traffic Light Control for Large Urban Transportation System“. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/104349.
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Intelligent traffic control is an important issue of the modern transportation system. However, in large-scale urban transportation systems, traditional centralized coordination methods suffer bottlenecks in both communication and computation. Decentralized control is hard if there is very limited observation to the whole network as evidences to support joint traffic coordination decisions. In this paper, we proposed a novel decentralized, multiagent based approach for massive traffic lights coordination to promote the large-scale green transportation. Considering that only the traffic from the adjacent intersections may affect the state of a given intersection one time ahead, the key of our approach is using the observations of a local intersection and its neighbors as evidences to support the traffic light coordination decisions. Therefore, we can model the interactions as decentralized agents coordinating with a decision theoretical model. Within a local intersection, constraint optimizing agents are designed to efficiently search for joint activities of the lights. Since this approach involves only local intersection cooperation, it is well scalable and easily implemented with small communication overhead. In the last section, we present our software design on this approach and based on our simulation, this approach is feasible to a large urban transportation system.
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Ma, Ke, Hong Yan, Yusen Ye, Dao Zhou und Dongce Ma. „Critical Decision-Making Issues in Disaster Relief Supply Management: A Review“. Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (04.07.2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1105839.
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This paper comprehensively reviews the literature related to disaster relief supply management in recent years by taking the perspectives of three critical decision-making issues, i.e., coordination issues, facility location decisions, and inventory decisions. For each decision-making issue discussed, we clarify the barriers of current research papers and identify the major challenges and critical factors that should be considered. In the following, we present the perspectives on the road of coordination between multiple relief actors, characterize the location decisions of relief facilities with a variety of optimization objectives, and emphasize the importance of relief supply varieties and critical factors in the decisions of disaster relief inventories. Future research directions are recommended for further discussions.
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Leitner, Stephan, und Friederike Wall. „Multiobjective Decision Making Policies and Coordination Mechanisms in Hierarchical Organizations: Results of an Agent-Based Simulation“. Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/875146.
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This paper analyses how different coordination modes and different multiobjective decision making approaches interfere with each other in hierarchical organizations. The investigation is based on an agent-based simulation. We apply a modified NK-model in which we map multiobjective decision making as adaptive walk on multiple performance landscapes, whereby each landscape represents one objective. We find that the impact of the coordination mode on the performance and the speed of performance improvement is critically affected by the selected multiobjective decision making approach. In certain setups, the performances achieved with the more complex multiobjective decision making approaches turn out to be less sensitive to the coordination mode than the performances achieved with the less complex multiobjective decision making approaches. Furthermore, we present results on the impact of the nature of interactions among decisions on the achieved performance in multiobjective setups. Our results give guidance on how to control the performance contribution of objectives to overall performance and answer the question how effective certain multiobjective decision making approaches perform under certain circumstances (coordination mode and interdependencies among decisions).
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Ramazi, Pouria, James Riehl und Ming Cao. „Networks of conforming or nonconforming individuals tend to reach satisfactory decisions“. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, Nr. 46 (31.10.2016): 12985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1610244113.
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Binary decisions of agents coupled in networks can often be classified into two types: “coordination,” where an agent takes an action if enough neighbors are using that action, as in the spread of social norms, innovations, and viral epidemics, and “anticoordination,” where too many neighbors taking a particular action causes an agent to take the opposite action, as in traffic congestion, crowd dispersion, and division of labor. Both of these cases can be modeled using linear-threshold–based dynamics, and a fundamental question is whether the individuals in such networks are likely to reach decisions with which they are satisfied. We show that, in the coordination case, and perhaps more surprisingly, also in the anticoordination case, the agents will indeed always tend to reach satisfactory decisions, that is, the network will almost surely reach an equilibrium state. This holds for every network topology and every distribution of thresholds, for both asynchronous and partially synchronous decision-making updates. These results reveal that irregular network topology, population heterogeneity, and partial synchrony are not sufficient to cause cycles or nonconvergence in linear-threshold dynamics; rather, other factors such as imitation or the coexistence of coordinating and anticoordinating agents must play a role.
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Steinherr, A. „Policy Coordination in the European Economic Community“. Recherches économiques de Louvain 51, Nr. 3-4 (Dezember 1985): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800082646.
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Coordination of economic policies and convergence of economic performance within the European Community are objectives already laid out in the Treaty of Rome. A number of later decisions by the Council of Ministers reaffirm and specify these principles. The 1974 Convergence Decision provides a procedural framework for review of the economic situation and policy with the aim of bringing about greater convergence of macroeconomic performance. In this process a central place is given to the setting of budgetary policy guidelines. In addition, the EMS provides a potentially strong mechanism for coordinating monetary policy under the constraint of fixed, but adjustable, exchange rates and, in principle, free capital movements.
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Chen, Zhi-Long, und Nicholas G. Hall. „The Coordination of Pricing and Scheduling Decisions“. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 12, Nr. 1 (Januar 2010): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.1080.0251.
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Nowak, Andrzej, Marek Kuś, Jakub Urbaniak und Tomasz Zarycki. „Simulating the coordination of individual economic decisions“. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 287, Nr. 3-4 (Dezember 2000): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(00)00397-6.
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Alonso, Ricardo, Wouter Dessein und Niko Matouschek. „When Does Coordination Require Centralization?“ American Economic Review 98, Nr. 1 (01.02.2008): 145–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.98.1.145.
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This paper compares centralized and decentralized coordination when managers are privately informed and communicate strategically. We consider a multidivisional organization in which decisions must be adapted to local conditions but also coordinated with each other. Information about local conditions is dispersed and held by self-interested division managers who communicate via cheap talk. The only available formal mechanism is the allocation of decision rights. We show that a higher need for coordination improves horizontal communication but worsens vertical communication. As a result, decentralization can dominate centralization even when coordination is extremely important relative to adaptation. (JEL D23, D83, L23, M11)
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Cho, Bomsoo, Song Song, Joy Y. Wan und Jeffrey D. Axelrod. „Prickle isoform participation in distinct polarization events in the Drosophila eye“. PLOS ONE 17, Nr. 2 (11.02.2022): e0262328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262328.
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Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling regulates several polarization events during development of ommatidia in the Drosophila eye, including directing chirality by polarizing a cell fate choice and determining the direction and extent of ommatidial rotation. The pksple isoform of the PCP protein Prickle is known to participate in the R3/R4 cell fate decision, but the control of other polarization events and the potential contributions of the three Pk isoforms have not been clarified. Here, by characterizing expression and subcellular localization of individual isoforms together with re-analyzing isoform specific phenotypes, we show that the R3/R4 fate decision, its coordination with rotation direction, and completion of rotation to a final ±90° rotation angle are separable polarization decisions with distinct Pk isoform requirements and contributions. Both pksple and pkpk can enforce robust R3/R4 fate decisions, but only pksple can correctly orient them along the dorsal-ventral axis. In contrast, pksple and pkpk can fully and interchangeably sustain coordination of rotation direction and rotation to completion. We propose that expression dynamics and competitive interactions determine isoform participation in these processes. We propose that the selective requirement for pksple to orient the R3/R4 decision and their interchangeability for coordination and completion of rotation reflects their previously described differential interaction with the Fat/Dachsous system which is known to be required for orientation of R3/R4 decisions but not for coordination or completion of rotation.
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Ganguly, Kishan Kumar, Moumita Asad und Kazi Sakib. „Decentralized Self-adaptation in the Presence of Partial Knowledge with Reduced Coordination Overhead“. International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 14, Nr. 1 (08.02.2022): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijitcs.2022.01.02.
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Decentralized self-adaptive systems consist of multiple control loops that adapt some local and system-level global goals of each locally managed system or component in a decentralized setting. As each component works together in a decentralized environment, a control loop cannot take adaptation decisions independently. Therefore, all the control loops need to exchange their adaptation decisions to infer a global knowledge about the system. Decentralized self-adaptation approaches in the literature uses the global knowledge to take decisions that optimize both local and global goals. However, coordinating in such an unbounded manner impairs scalability. This paper proposes a decentralized self-adaptation technique using reinforcement learning that incorporates partial knowledge in order to reduce coordination overhead. The Q-learning algorithm based on Interaction Driven Markov Games is utilized to take adaptation decisions as it enables coordination only when it is beneficial. Rather than using unbounded number of peers, the adaptation control loop coordinates with a single peer control loop. The proposed approach was evaluated on a service-based Tele Assistance System. It was compared to random, independent and multiagent learners that assume global knowledge. It was observed that, in all cases, the proposed approach conformed to both local and global goals while maintaining comparatively lower coordination overhead.
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Li, Chang. „Coordination and Optimization of Supply Chain Considering the Double Fresh-keeping Effort of Supplier and 3PL“. Frontiers in Sustainable Development 2, Nr. 8 (30.08.2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fsd.v2i8.1919.
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This paper takes a three-echelon supply chain consisting of a domestic supplier, an overseas retailer, and an overseas warehouse as the research object, and studies the decision-making and coordination problems of a single-channel three-echelon supply chain dominated by a cross-border e-commerce platform based on the dual preservation effort level of the supplier and the overseas warehouse, and also analyzes and compares the optimal decisions and profits of each member of the supply chain under the decentralized decision-making model and the centralized decision-making model. After exploring the infeasibility of wholesale price contract and wholesale price + cost-sharing contract, a wholesale price + cost sharing + revenue sharing hybrid contract is designed to optimize the coordination of the supply chain and finally examined and verified through arithmetic analysis. It is found that it is difficult to judge the overall utility of consumers under centralized decision-making, and the decisions made under decentralized decision-making are not optimal. Under the decentralized decision-making model, the wholesale price contract, and the wholesale price + cost-sharing contract can achieve supply chain coordination, but the contract will not be accepted because the former hurts the members' interests, and the latter reduces the overall profit. Therefore, a hybrid "wholesale price + cost sharing + revenue sharing" contract is designed to introduce profit redistribution and is shown to achieve perfect supply chain coordination.
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Heydari, Jafar, Amin Aslani und Ali Sabbaghnia. „A collaborative scenario-based decision model for a disrupted dual-channel supply chain“. Benchmarking: An International Journal 27, Nr. 3 (31.12.2019): 933–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-06-2019-0281.
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Purpose Distribution systems usually utilize both traditional retailing channels in conjunction with e-channels. The purpose of this paper is to investigate a dual-channel supply chain, comprising a traditional retailing channel and an e-channel under disruption. By benchmarking against the centralized decision structure, the authors intend to propose a collaboration model to achieve channel coordination as well as more reliable decisions. Design/methodology/approach Four different channel disruption scenarios, with customers’ reaction toward disruptions, are examined, and then, optimal pricing decisions for both centralized and decentralized decision-making structures are extracted. Next, a collaboration mechanism based on the dominancy power of channel members is developed to entice all channel members to participate in channel coordination. By benchmarking the proposed collaboration model against both the decentralized/centralized structures a win–win solution is guaranteed for all channel members. In addition, the proposed model ensures more reliable decisions than the centralized structure, as it guarantees less fluctuated income levels. Findings This study shows, as the disruption probability grows, the channel profit decreases while the channel-retailing price increases. Furthermore, the exact alignment of the centralized decision-making approach and the proposed collaboration model is not achievable due to the problem infeasibility. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses benchmark the performance of the proposed collaboration mechanism against the centralized structure for the full alignment with centralized decision-making approach. Originality/value This study contributes to the channel conflict literature as jointly considers pricing decisions, disruptions and coordination. Further, consumers’ reaction toward disruption is analyzed through a transshipment agreement.
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Dubina, Igor N., Nikolay M. Oskorbin und Dmitriy S. Khvalynskiy. „Decision-Making Coordination in Hierarchical Systems“. World of Economics and Management 19, Nr. 2 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2019-19-2-5-18.
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The work is aimed at analyzing coordination mechanisms of corporate solutions and at studying a number of mechanisms, decision-making processes and information links with the use of hierarchical algorithms of block program ming. The work presents a routine task for high dimensional optimization adequate for the design of hierarchical systems of production companies and corporations, an objective function and a restriction system with composition-block structure. The special methods of block programming, where interaction between the center and the performers corresponds to the centralized and decentralized mechanisms of decision-making coordination in economic systems have been developed for this type of optimization problems. For the analysis of decision-making coordination in big systems, the unique classification of the mechanisms of decision-making coordination in hierarchical systems based on the level of information awareness of the center and the ways to increase this level has been applied. In the systems of the first type, the center is fully informed on the parameters of the objective function of the elements of the system (subsystems) and the set of admissible values of decision-making coordination or seeks to achieve such level of awareness. In this case the decision-making process is carried out in 2 stages. On the first stage, the center finds the optimum coordinating variables; on the second stage, the elements of the bottom level (blocks) sel ect ‘technological’ variables which implementation provides an optimal goal for the center. To achieve greater effectiveness and strict follow-up of the decisions made, the center can use such mechanisms of control as strong penalties. In the systems of another type, the center implements the principles of institutional and indicative management, i.e. it creates an institutional environment (structures, links, restrictions, etc.) for effective functioning of the elements (performers) and delegates it powers on decision-making to achieve the target parameters (indicators) optimal fr om the point of view of the center. It is shown that the convergence of the sequences of the specifying solutions of performers to an optimal decision-making for a system in general seems to be a necessary condition of institutional coordination methods.
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Thrane, Sof, Martin Jarmatz, Michael Fetahi Laursen und Katrine Kornmaaler. „A practice-based approach to collective decision-making in pricing“. Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 16, Nr. 1 (15.04.2019): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-03-2018-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze price decision-making through a practice-based approach. The paper investigates the micro-level practices used to arrive at sales price decisions. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a qualitative study approach is used to develop findings abductively. The data are gathered through an in-depth case study at two firms: semi-structured interviews, meeting observations, shadowing and pricing documents. Findings This paper finds that pricing is a collective decision-making process involving multiple actors across the organization. The case firms work on solving information, coordination and control problems to arrive at sales prices by enacting interlinked practices. Pricing is therefore neither a structure nor a single decision but a process consisting of multiple micro-level practices that enable firms to make pricing decisions. Originality/value This paper develops a practice-based approach to pricing that conceptualize the micro-level practices used to to make pricing decisions in the face of information, coordination and control problems. The paper is interdisciplinary and adds to the accounting literature and the market literature, which have tended to study pricing as a decision made by one decision maker, and not as an organizational process where multiple actors share, evaluate, interpret and coordinate information and decisions.
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Zhu, Xide, Yao Song, Guihua Lin und Weina Xu. „Pricing Decisions and Coordination in E-Commerce Supply Chain with Wholesale Price Contract Considering Focus Preferences“. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, Nr. 2 (03.06.2023): 1041–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18020053.
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Decision makers’ behavioral preferences have always been important in coordinating the supply chain. Decision makers need to choose a partner wisely to increase the profitability of the entire supply chain, especially in the competitive e-commerce environment. In this paper, we examine a two-echelon e-commerce supply chain with one retailer and one supplier using the most popular wholesale price contract to facilitate collaboration. Traditional research has shown that the classical expectation model cannot coordinate the supply chain. We apply the focus theory of choice to describe the retailer’s behavior as a follower, and we examine the impact of the retailer’s pricing decisions on the supplier under different focus preferences and the coordination for the entire supply chain. The lower the parameter φ, which represents the degree of positivity, and the higher the parameter κ, which represents the level of confidence, the closer the profit of the whole supply chain is to the coordination result—both are visualized through numerical experiments and images. In the case of φ determination, the lower the κ, the better the supply chain coordination. The finding implies that the retailer may be able to coordinate the supply chain and produce better results than the expectation model when he or she makes choices using a positive evaluation system that includes both higher levels of optimism and lower levels of confidence. The findings of the FTC model can simultaneously offer a theoretical foundation for expanding collaboration among supply chain participants and management insights for decision makers to choose cooperation partners.
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Lokot, Michelle, Thurayya Zreik, Rozane El Masri, Sandy Chaar, Rayane Ali, Bassel Meksassi, Michele Kosremelli Asmar, Martin McKee, Bayard Roberts und Rabih El Chammay. „Power dynamics and participation within humanitarian coordination groups: A case study of the MHPSS Taskforce in Lebanon“. PLOS Global Public Health 4, Nr. 3 (14.03.2024): e0003041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0003041.
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The humanitarian sector has often been criticised for its hierarchical power dynamics. Such dynamics often centre the priorities of ‘international’ actors, thereby marginalising the knowledge and expertise of those closest to the setting and play out in various fora, including coordination mechanisms. While guidance emphasises the importance of supporting local systems and government structures rather than creating parallel humanitarian structures, this approach is not consistently applied, creating challenges. We used a case study approach to explore how power relations influence the practice of the Mental Health and Psychosocial Support Taskforce in Lebanon, a nationally-led coordination mechanism chaired by the Ministry of Public Health with UN agencies as co-chairs. We conducted 34 semi-structured interviews with Taskforce members and other stakeholders coordinating with the Taskforce, including local non-governmental organisations (NGOs), international NGOs, United Nations agencies and government ministries. Interview transcripts were collaboratively analysed using Dedoose. We conducted feedback workshops with participants and integrated their feedback into analysis. We found that UN agencies and international NGOs are perceived as holding more decision-making power due to their access to funding and credibility—both shaped by the humanitarian system. Our findings also suggest that power dynamics arising mainly from differences in seniority, relations between ‘local’ and ‘expat’ staff, and language used in meetings may affect, to varying degrees, decision-making power and members’ voices. We also show how the agenda/focus of meetings, meeting format, language, and existing relationships with Taskforce leaders can influence levels of participation and decision-making in Taskforce meetings, ranging from lack of participation through being informed or consulted about decisions to decisions made in partnership. Our findings have broader implications for coordinating service delivery within the humanitarian sector, emphasising the need to reflect upon power imbalances critically and continually and to ensure a shared understanding of decision-making processes.
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Botchkaryov, Alexey. „Multi-agent Coordination with Deferred Asynchronous Messaging in a Distributed Coordination Space“. Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 7, Nr. 2 (16.12.2022): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2022.02.083.
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A method of multi-agent coordination with deferred asynchronous messaging in a distributed coordination space has been proposed. The method has been based on the concept of multi-agent conditional interaction. The method has used 1) a distributed coordination space in which agents move, 2) the rules of state transitions for the coordination space nodes depending on the movements of agents, 3) the rules of agents move and state transitions depending on the states of the coordination space nodes, 4) a multi-agent coordination game based on the coordination space and the rules. The coordination space has been implemented based on the distributed shared memory of agents. The rules have been applied by exchanging deferred asynchronous messages between agents through the distributed shared memory. The agent's decisions about movement in the coordination space and their consequences are interpreted according to the rules in asynchronous messages. Delivery of messages to other agents has been deferred until these agents visit the corresponding nodes of the coordination space. This has ensured 1) mutual exclusion when agents choose conflicting actions, and 2) resilience of multi-agent coordination to agent failures and loss of coordinating messages. Four multi-agent coordination games have been considered as examples. The issue of fault tolerance of the proposed coordination method has been considered. The simulation results show that the use of the method ensures the resilience of multi-agent coordination to agent failures in the considered coordination games.
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Bavafa, Hessam, Lerzan Örmeci, Sergei Savin und Vanitha Virudachalam. „Surgical Case-Mix and Discharge Decisions: Does Within-Hospital Coordination Matter?“ Operations Research 70, Nr. 2 (März 2022): 990–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.2177.
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How to Assess the Benefits of Coordination in Managing Hospital Resources In providing patient care, hospitals rely on multiple types of resources, such as operating rooms, recovery beds, labs, and diagnostic equipment, that are often controlled and managed as separate entities and by different decision makers. In “Surgical Case-Mix and Discharge Decisions: Does Within-Hospital Coordination Matter?” Hessam Bavafa, Lerzan Örmeci, Sergei Savin, and Vanitha Virudachalam focus on the interaction between “front-end’’ resources, such as operating rooms, and “backroom’’ resources, such as recovery beds, and compare hospital profitability under the fully coordinated, optimal approach to hospital resource management and under alternative decentralized approaches often encountered in practice. The paper identifies settings in which the benefits of coordination are likely to be high as well as settings in which those benefits are at best moderate. In a given hospital, only hospital managers are in a position to estimate with any degree of certainty potential costs of coordinated management of hospital resources, and the paper’s analysis of the benefits of coordination empowers hospital managers to make informed decisions on the desirability of replacing the often decentralized “status quo” by centralized resource management.
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Liu, Zhi-yang, Yong Liu und Hui Li. „A Coordination Mechanism of Supply Chain with a Retailer and Two Competitive Suppliers“. Complexity 2020 (31.05.2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2128497.
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To deal with coordination problem of a supply chain consisting of two competitive suppliers and a dominant retailer, considering these factors such as cooperation effort degrees and competition on the supply chain members, we establish a two-stage model considering cooperation effort degrees and competition of the suppliers from the perspectives of decentralized decision and centralized decision and exploit it to discuss the optional decisions and explore the impact of cooperation effort degrees on the profits of supply chain members. Then, we use a group negotiation model to establish a coordination mechanism. The results reveal that the decision variables and overall profit of the supply chain of suppliers and retailers under centralized decisions are better than those under the decentralized decisions. Besides, the degree of competition and price sensitivity have positive and negative effects on the efforts of suppliers and retailers, respectively. Meanwhile, the degree of cooperation between suppliers and retailers affects the profits of supply chain members and the whole supply chain in different degrees. Finally, the proposed value-added profit distribution mechanism can effectively deal with conflict problem and guarantee supply chain members and supply chain to maximize their profits and adopt the centralized decision.
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Chan, Hau Ling. „Supply chain coordination with inventory and pricing decisions“. International Journal of Inventory Research 5, Nr. 3 (2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijir.2019.098844.
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Chan, Hau Ling. „Supply chain coordination with inventory and pricing decisions“. International Journal of Inventory Research 5, Nr. 3 (2019): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijir.2019.10020307.
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Häkkinen, Kai, und Outi Kettunen. „Incorporating coordination costs into purchasing lot size decisions“. International Journal of Procurement Management 8, Nr. 4 (2015): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpm.2015.070744.
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Corman, F., A. D’Ariano, D. Pacciarelli und M. Pranzo. „Optimal inter-area coordination of train rescheduling decisions“. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 17 (2011): 58–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.508.
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Kim, DaeSoo, und Won J. Lee. „Optimal coordination strategies for production and marketing decisions“. Operations Research Letters 22, Nr. 1 (Februar 1998): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6377(97)00052-7.
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Corman, F., A. D’Ariano, D. Pacciarelli und M. Pranzo. „Optimal inter-area coordination of train rescheduling decisions“. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 48, Nr. 1 (Januar 2012): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2011.05.002.
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Schweitzer, Frank, Jörg Zimmermann und Heinz Mühlenbein. „Coordination of decisions in a spatial agent model“. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 303, Nr. 1-2 (Januar 2002): 189–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(01)00486-1.
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You, Cheolwoo, Gilsang Yoon, Changwoo Seo, Sherlie Portugal, Gihwan Park, Taejin Jung, Huaping Liu und Intae Hwang. „Intercell Interference Coordination Using Threshold-Based Region Decisions“. Wireless Personal Communications 59, Nr. 4 (05.03.2011): 789–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0265-z.
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Kouvelis, Panagiotis, und Martin A. Lariviere. „Decentralizing Cross-Functional Decisions: Coordination Through Internal Markets“. Management Science 46, Nr. 8 (August 2000): 1049–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.8.1049.12022.
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Hawkins, Kevin, Timothy S. Wells, Cynthia E. Hommer, Ronald J. Ozminkowski, Diane M. Richards und Charlotte S. Yeh. „Factors Driving Engagement Decisions in Care Coordination Programs“. Professional Case Management 19, Nr. 5 (2014): 216–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ncm.0000000000000024.
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Bezchasnyi, Oleksii. „Reflexive coordination of communications in the construction of models for the development of an industrial enterprise“. Virtual Economics 1, Nr. 1 (17.10.2018): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34021/ve.2018.01.01(5).
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The article develops the mechanism of hierarchical-reflexive coordination of communications at the enterprise, which involves coordinating the actions of management agents in the process of interactions. It was established that in the process of implementation of the mechanism of hierarchical coordination of communications, the interests of agents are coordinated in the horizontal and vertical directions. Accordingly, two types of reflection are used: informational (horizontal coordination) and strategic (vertical). The mutual influence of these types of reflection and the mismatch of the interests of agents within the hierarchy levels lead to contradictions and conflicts of inter-level (vertical) interactions. It is proved that reflection serves as the central management of the enterprise, it is the same task of the administrative function of coordination, at the same time, the task of coordination is the reflection of decisions that are taken as part of their coordination functions. Moreover, due to reflection there is a certain selection, filtering of management information, and coordination in turn serves as a managerial task that allows the company to move in the chosen direction
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Fusaroli, Riccardo, und Kristian Tylén. „Carving language for social coordination“. Interaction Studies 13, Nr. 1 (30.03.2012): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/is.13.1.07fus.
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Human social coordination is often mediated by language. Through verbal dialogue, people direct each other’s attention to properties of their shared environment, they discuss how to jointly solve problems, share their introspections, and distribute roles and assignments. In this article, we propose a dynamical framework for the study of the coordinative role of language. Based on a review of a number of recent experimental studies, we argue that shared symbolic patterns emerge and stabilize through a process of local reciprocal linguistic alignment. Such patterns in turn come to facilitate and refine social coordination by enabling the alignment, joint construction and navigation of conceptual models and actions. Implications of the framework are illustrated and discussed in relation to a case study where dyads of interlocutors interact verbally to reach joint decisions in a perceptual discrimination task. Keywords: social coordination; language; communication; linguistic alignment; symbolic patterns; affordances; emergence; evolution; adaptivity; interaction
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Suvorov, Valentin. „Coordination as a Mechanism for Implementing the Concept of Multi-Level Governance in Ukraine“. 2, Nr. 2 (27.11.2023): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1727-6667-2023-2-04.
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The article examines the essence and features of coordination as a mechanism for implementing the concept of multi-level governance, the definition of methodological approaches to the use of methods and means of horizontal and vertical coordination in the system of multi-level governance in Ukraine. It was found that the complex mechanism of coordination in the multi-level management system is based on the applied aspect of the hierarchy of coordination goals and involves the use of a number of methods and means of achieving its goals based on the principles of coordination, which should include: interconnection and simultaneity, hierarchical subordination, coordination, balance, balance, redundancy, unity of commands and actions, etc. At the same time, the methods and means of coordination can be such as: visa and other forms of mutual control, distribution of tasks according to the management hierarchy, creation of committees and commissions, meetings between departments, dissemination of information, negotiations, direct observation, development of rules, procedures, schedules, norms, plans, etc. On the basis of research concerning coordination mechanisms in complex hierarchical systems, it was determined that the triune coordination system is based on: restrictions - narrowing of the set of known connections, which includes: instructions (norms) and standardization (sets of standard operations); informing - expansion of the set of known connections, which includes: vertical and horizontal communications using the entire set of available information and forms of communications; purely coordination - it is based on a balance between narrowing and expanding a set of known connections, which allows you to use reference information and focus it on the performance of certain tasks (from the decomposition of the general task) in order to fulfill certain indicators (criteria) with the help of both standard operations and and other forms of communications. Using the process and project approach in establishing effective coordination, the process of algorithmization and the demonstration of a step-by-step algorithm for solving complex problems to the subjects of program implementation and project executors with the receipt of feedback from this link in the form of finding out how much is quite important tasks are adequate from the point of view of coordination with executors in conditions of multitasking regarding priorities, availability of resources, deadlines, etc. At the same time, a condition for solving complex problems with the help of establishing an effective coordination system is their decomposition into appropriate sub-tasks and the selection of adequate methods and means of their solution in the specified time. It is proven that the improvement of the complex mechanism of coordination between all subjects of institutional interaction is an important component of solving practical problems of multi-level management. As for the role of the coordinator, who is a key subject of the hierarchical system responsible for coordinating the activities of various decision-making centers, he should emphasize and focus not on the current state of the coordination objects of the lower level, but on specific, primarily intermediate results of their work , determined in the form of certain indicators at the corresponding stages of the implementation of programs and projects for a clear period of time. This will make it possible to increase the effectiveness of coordination and make reasoned decisions related to the choice of the current coordinating action depending on the tactical situation in conditions of uncertainty.
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Melekhova, Olga, Jacques Malenfant, Roman Mescheriakov und Aleksandr Chueshev. „A decentralised solution for coordinating decisions in large-scale autonomic systems“. MATEC Web of Conferences 161 (2018): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816103024.
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In this paper, we address the large-scale coordination of decisions impacting the consumption of a common shared resource of limited capacity by managed elements. We propose a decentralised token-based scheme, where each token represents a share of the resource. Our token-based protocol is meant to provide statistical guarantees on the average total resource usage and the average lateness of node actions due to the coordination. Experiments with the coordination of 10.000 autonomic managers have shown very good results for large spectrum of parameter values and system’s regimes.
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Zhang, Mingli, Yanan Wang und Yijie Zhang. „Research on Supply Chain Coordination Decision Making under the Influence of Lead Time Based on System Dynamics“. Systems 12, Nr. 1 (18.01.2024): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/systems12010032.
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Supply chain coordination has been a research hot spot in supply chain management. This paper constructs a secondary supply chain system. Taking the abatement of the bullwhip effect and the double marginal effect as the coordination objective, a simulation study of supply chain decision coordination was conducted using system dynamics. First, by controlling the lead time, it was found that in the decentralized decision-making model, the profit of the supplier and the whole supply chain increases with the shortening of the lead time, and vice versa for the retailer. In the centralized decision-making model with the addition of information sharing and contract, it was found that the retailer’s profit is consistent with the trend of the supplier and the supply chain as a whole, and the supplier’s profit is lower than that of decentralized decision making in the pre-cooperation period. In addition, it is also found that adjusting the contract parameters can effectively improve the situation. Finally, the above models were analyzed for supply chain coordination decisions based on two scenarios: “cooperative stability” or “balance of effects”.
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Baldenius, Tim, Sunil Dutta und Stefan Reichelstein. „Cost Allocation for Capital Budgeting Decisions“. Accounting Review 82, Nr. 4 (01.07.2007): 837–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2007.82.4.837.
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Investment decisions frequently require coordination across multiple divisions of a firm. This paper explores a class of capital budgeting mechanisms in which the divisions issue reports regarding the anticipated profitability of proposed projects. To hold the divisions accountable for their reports, the central office ties the project acceptance decision to a system of cost allocations comprised of depreciation and capital charges. If the proposed project concerns a common asset that benefits multiple divisions, then our analysis derives a sharing rule for dividing the asset among the users. Capital charges are based on a hurdle rate determined by the divisional reports. We find that this hurdle rate deviates from the firm's cost of capital in a manner that depends crucially on whether the coordination problem is one of implementing a common asset or choosing among multiple competing projects. We also find that more severe divisional agency problems will increase the hurdle rate for common assets, yet this is generally not true for competing projects.
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Jazinaninejad, Mona, Seyed Mohammad Seyedhosseini, Seyyed-Mahdi Hosseini-Motlagh und Mohammadreza Nematollahi. „Coordinated decision-making on manufacturer’s EPQ-based and buyer’s period review inventory policies with stochastic price-sensitive demand: A credit option approach“. RAIRO - Operations Research 53, Nr. 4 (29.07.2019): 1129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2018038.
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Pricing and replenishment decisions are no longer internal issues within organizations and it is of high significance to coordinate such primary decisions from a supply chain (SC) perspective. In this study, for the first time, we develop a new method based on credit option to coordinate production, pricing, and periodic review policy decisions considering a manufacturer-buyer chain under price-sensitive stochastic demand. In the studied SC, the buyer applies a periodic review order-up-to level inventory policy and its decision variables are order-up-to level, selling price and review period. In this case, the manufacturer follows an economic production quantity (EPQ) policy and decides on production multiplier. Firstly, exact algorithms in addition to concavity analysis are addressed to find optimal decisions in centralized and decentralized structures. Afterwards, a credit option mechanism is proposed to obtain mutually acceptable decisions and create a win–win situation for the manufacturer and buyer. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis along with a real case study are carried out to show the applicability and performance of the credit option contract. The results reveal the capability of the proposed credit option contract in coordinating pricing, production, and periodic review replenishment decisions; thereby encouraging both sides to accept the coordination mechanism. Moreover, the results indicate that the proposed credit option contract can even improve the SC profit more than centralized model under some circumstances.
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Aras, Necati, Vedat Verter und Tamer Boyaci. „Coordination and Priority Decisions in Hybrid Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Systems“. Production and Operations Management 15, Nr. 4 (05.01.2009): 528–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2006.tb00161.x.
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Cui, Hailong, und Greys Sošić. „Recycling common materials: Effectiveness, optimal decisions, and coordination mechanisms“. European Journal of Operational Research 274, Nr. 3 (Mai 2019): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2018.11.010.
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Su, Jiafu, Chi Li, Qingjun Zeng, Jiaquan Yang und Jie Zhang. „A Green Closed-Loop Supply Chain Coordination Mechanism Based on Third-Party Recycling“. Sustainability 11, Nr. 19 (27.09.2019): 5335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195335.
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Taking an environment-friendly green closed-loop supply chain as the research object, this work established a two-stage closed-loop supply chain game model. Considering the influence of the environmental protection input on the whole supply chain, there are different decisions among the participants in the supply chain, and the different choices will have impacts on the benefits of the whole supply chain when manufacturers select a closed-loop supply chain model of third-party recycling. Hence, this work compared and analyzed the impact of centralized decision-making and decentralized decision-making on the returns and pricing strategies of each participant. Finally, an optimized cooperative mechanism decision model considering a cost profit sharing contract was further designed. The model is conducive to obtaining the maximum profit value in centralized decision-making and avoids the negative impact of a “double marginal effect” on supply chain income in decentralized decision-making, and finally, improves the overall coordination and profit of a green closed-loop supply chain. The numerical examples are conducted to verify the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed models. This work provides a helpful decision support and guidance for enterprises and the government on the used products recycling decisions to better manage the green closed-loop supply chain.
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Yan, Bo, Xiaoxu Chen, Yanping Liu und Chang Xia. „Replenishment decision and coordination contract in cluster supply chain“. Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, Nr. 6 (08.07.2019): 1374–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-02-2019-0087.
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Purpose The cluster supply chain is widely used in the professional towns in China, and improves the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises through integrating the supply chain with the industrial cluster. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies a cluster supply chain under vendor managed inventory (VMI) system, which includes vendors, third-party logistics (TPL) enterprises and retail enterprises, and aims to study the replenishment decisions and coordination contracts in the supply chain. The economic order quantity model is applied to analyze the influence of marginal transportation cost factor under two replenishment modes – direct delivery and milk-run delivery, in order to find out the optimal replenishment decisions corresponding to different marginal transportation cost factors. And then, the revenue sharing contract is used to identify the change of profits of enterprises in the supply chain before and after the coordination contract. Findings It is concluded that the marginal transportation cost factor is an important factor influencing the replenishment decision especially in milk-run delivery, and the introduction of the revenue sharing contract can improve the revenue in the supply chain. Originality/value This is the first study that explores the relationship between a single transport cost and a single transport batch of cluster supply chain in centralized VMI & TPL system. The conclusions of the study have certain theoretical significance for the decision making and coordination of cluster supply chain.
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Xideng, Zhou, Xu Bing, Xie Fei und Li Yu. „Research on Quality Decisions and Coordination with Reference Effect in Dual-Channel Supply Chain“. Sustainability 12, Nr. 6 (15.03.2020): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062296.
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Although supply quality management has been studied extensively, one important marketing phenomenon, that is, reference effect has been rarely considered in dual-channel supply chain quality management literatures. In fact, the quality reference effect is also an important factor which influences consumer purchasing behavior. We aim to explore the influence of the reference effect on the optimal decisions and performance of a dual-channel supply. Thus, we formulate dynamic models that include the product quality reference effect and the service quality reference effect in a dual-channel supply chain system consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer under the different decision-making scenarios. Utilizing differential game theory, optimal decisions are obtained for the product quality and service quality decision under the different decision-making scenarios. In addition, the optimal decisions and profits are compared, then a service cost-sharing coordinating mechanism is proposed and proven to be effective in the supply chain system. The main results show when the initial reference service quality is low, the consumer service quality reference effect is beneficial to the manufacturer. The spillover effect of service quality is not conducive to the retailer and the manufacturer. When the initial reference product quality is low, both online and offline product quality reference effects are beneficial to the retailer and the manufacturer. The stable (or final) reference quality will not be affected by the initial reference quality. The sum of the two members’ profits under decentralized decision making is less than the total profit of the supply chain under centralized decision making. We design a cost-sharing coordinating mechanism to eliminate the double marginal effect.
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Лисенко, Д. Е. „МОДЕЛЬ КООРДИНАЦІЙНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА“. Radioelectronic and Computer Systems, Nr. 4 (17.06.2016): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2016.4.10.
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The article is devoted the questions of formal presentation of parameters of coordinating management in a hierarchical organizational structure. Classification of tasks of coordinating management is resulted. The having a special purpose aspect of coordination is selected. The formalized model of set of the states of organizational structure elements is offered. The structural model of two-tier control system is developed and its parameters are certain in a set-theoretic kind. The offered model is used for forming and evaluation of efficiency of coordinating decisions set of in the organizational structure of production enterprise management.
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Тюрин und A. Tyurin. „USE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT CARGOES MULTISTAGE DELIVERY SYSTEM IN CITIES“. Alternative energy sources in the transport-technological complex: problems and prospects of rational use of 3, Nr. 1 (16.03.2016): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17772.
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In article problems decision features of the goods delivery multilevel system are considered. The list of freight motor transport performance problems in the conditions of a big city, necessity of strategic and tactical decisions coordination at planning of production delivery system are specified. On example of cargo delivery two-stage systems model stages of location-routing problem decision are considered, complexity of its decision is marked
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Abdollahi, Hooman, und Mohammad Talooni. „Coordinating Contracts for Two-Echelon Supply Chain with Price and Promotional Sensitive Demand“. Modern Applied Science 10, Nr. 7 (09.05.2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n7p132.
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<p class="zhengwen"><span lang="EN-GB">In this paper three coordinating contracts in supply chain namely (i) revenue-sharing contract (ii) cost-sharing contract (iii) profit-sharing contract are proposed for two echelon supply chain coordination perspective under promotion and price sensitive demand. In our model buyer makes the promotional decision and undertakes the promotional sales effort cost. It is shown that in decentralized channel the results are sub-optimal. It is found analytically that the revenue-sharing contract coordinates pricing decision but not promotional decision for all values of the promotional effort cost. It is also found that the cost-sharing contract fails to coordinate channel. The profit-sharing contract is demonstrated to coordinate both the pricing and the promotional decisions in the channel.</span></p>