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Çapar, İsmail. „Coordination of inventory and transportation decisions in a two-stage supply chain“. Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-09242007-085706.
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Kilani, Meriam. „Multiple product-project decisions coordination support : application to oil and gas development projects“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST027.
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Le défi majeur abordé dans cette recherche concerne la coordination de multiples décisions interdépendantes qui doivent être prises lors du projet, qu'elles soient techniques, financières ou contractuelles. Interdépendance signifie que prendre une décision sans tenir compte des impacts sur les autres décisions peut entraîner une sous-performance, voire des impasses, des itérations et des reprises. Pour surmonter ce défi, un processus de prise simultanée de décisions multiples a été proposé, en trois blocs : 1/ modélisation du réseau de décisions et formulation du problème multi-décisionnel ; 2/ structuration du problème pour proposer des scénarios pertinents et plausibles assemblés à partir d'alternatives de décisions élémentaires ; 3/ résolution du problème par la sélection et la recommandation de scénarios. La construction du processus de prise de décisions multiples est basée sur des possibilités diverses pour chaque bloc. Le décideur sélectionne parmi un ensemble de choix possibles pour adapter le processus décisionnel à son contexte précis. Pour le bloc 1, nous avons d'abord construit un réseau global qui modélise les décisions étudiées et les interdépendances qu'elles peuvent avoir avec d'autres décisions. Nous avons ensuite indiqué que les graphes et les matrices peuvent être utilisés pour répondre à ce besoin. Les deux méthodes permettent d'inclure toutes les décisions et interdépendances du réseau de décision dans un seul modèle, chacune d'entre elles ayant ses avantages et inconvénients, avec une sorte de complémentarité. Ensuite, pour formuler le problème local de multi-décision, deux approches de clustering basées sur les interactions sont proposées : l'approche descendante (considérant les interdépendances des décisions) et l'approche ascendante (avec un regroupement supplémentaire des décisions basé sur la date d'échéance). Ces deux approches aident à délimiter le périmètre sur un ensemble spécifique de décisions, étant donné qu'il peut être difficile de considérer tout le réseau de décisions en même temps. Dans le bloc 2, pour structurer le problème, deux méthodes basées sur des matrices et une autre basée sur des graphes ont été proposées. Ces méthodes offrent la possibilité de générer des scénarios en considérant les critères de compatibilité et de performance, soit séquentiellement (analyse morphologique), soit simultanément (QFD), soit de manière hybride (exploration de graphe). Pour les deux méthodes basées sur les matrices, un algorithme a été proposé pour faciliter l'identification de scénarios plausibles. Quant à la méthode basée sur les graphes, une heuristique plus légère peut être appliquée en temps réel lors d'une réunion de décision. Enfin, pour résoudre le problème, plusieurs méthodes MCDA ont été répertoriées dans le bloc 3 pour évaluer et sélectionner un scénario recommandé : méthodes d'évaluation absolue, méthodes de comparaison relative par paire, et méthodes de comparaison relative à des points de référence. Selon les acteurs industriels, un tel processus pourrait améliorer les mécanismes de coordination entre les décisions majeures de leurs projets. Même si les décisions sont interdépendantes, elles ne sont pas souvent considérées comme telles, et le processus que nous proposons permet (selon eux) d'avoir une meilleure vision des décisions à prendre ensemble et des conséquences des choix. Une étude de cas fictive, inspirée de projets réels passés, a été utilisée pour illustrer le processus de coordination multi-décision proposé. Nous sommes convaincus que notre recherche fournira une base solide pour d'autres études portant sur la coordination de décisions multiples et interdépendantes dans le cadre de projets complexes, même si certaines perspectives académiques et industrielles doivent être abordéesThe major challenge addressed in this research concerns the coordination of the multiple interdependent decisions that must be made during the project, either technical, financial, or contractual. Interdependence means that making one decision without considering the impacts for other decisions may imply some underperformance, or even dead ends, iterations, and rework.To overcome this challenge, a more adaptable multi-decision-making process has been proposed, consisting of three blocks: 1/ modeling the decision network and formulating the multi-decision problem; 2/ structuring the problem to propose relevant and plausible scenarios assembled from elementary decision alternatives; 3/ solving the problem by selecting and recommending scenarios.Building the multi-decision-making process is based on multiple possibilities for each block. The decision-maker selects from a set of possible choices to adapt the decision-making process to the precise context.For block #1, we have first articulated the need to build a global decision network that models the decisions under study and the interdependencies they may have with other decisions. We have then argued that graphs and matrices can be used to fulfill this need. Both methods allow to include all decisions and interdependencies of the decision network in one single model, each of them having its advantages and drawbacks, with a kind of complementarity.Then, to formulate the local multi-decision problem, two interactions-based clustering approaches are proposed: the top-down approach (considering decision interdependencies) and the bottom-up approach (with an additional due date-based grouping of decisions). Both help to delineate the focus of decision makers on a specific set of decisions, since considering the whole network of decisions at the same time can be challenging.In block #2, to structure the problem, two matrix-based and one graph-based methods have been proposed. These methods offer the possibility to generate possible scenarios considering compatibility and performance criteria, either sequentially (morphological analysis), simultaneously (QFD), or with a hybrid way (graph exploration). For the two matrix-based methods, an algorithm was proposed to facilitate the identification of plausible scenarios. As for the graph-based method, a lighter heuristic can be applied on live during a decision meeting.Finally, to solve the problem in block #3, several MCDA methods have been listed for evaluating and selecting a recommended scenario: absolute compensatory methods, relative pairwise comparison methods, and relative comparison to reference point methods.According to industrial actors, such a process could improve coordination mechanisms between the major decisions of their projects. Even though decisions were interdependent, they were not often considered as such, and our proposed process permits (according to them) to have a better vision of the decisions to be made together and of the consequences of the choices. A fictitious case study, inspired by real past projects, was used to illustrate the proposed multi-decision coordination process.We are convinced that our research will provide a solid basis for further studies on the coordination of multiple interdependent decisions in complex projects, although there are academic and industrial perspectives that need to be tackled
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Zoumpoulis, Spyridon Ilias. „Networks, decisions, and outcomes : coordination with local information and the value of temporal data for learning influence networks“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91100.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 173-177).
We study decision making by networked entities and the interplay between networks and outcomes under two different contexts: in the first part of the thesis, we study how strategic agents that share local information coordinate; in the second part of the thesis, we quantify the gain of having access to temporally richer data for learning of influence networks. In the first part of the thesis, we study the role of local information channels in enabling coordination among strategic agents. Building on the standard finite-player global games framework, we show that the set of equilibria of a coordination game is highly sensitive to how information is locally shared among agents. In particular, we show that the coordination game has multiple equilibria if there exists a collection of agents such that (i) they do not share a common signal with any agent outside of that collection; and (ii) their information sets form an increasing sequence of nested sets, referred to as a filtration. Our characterization thus extends the results on the uniqueness and multiplicity of equilibria in global games beyond the well-known case in which agents have access to purely private or public signals. We then provide a characterization of how the extent of equilibrium multiplicity is determined by the extent to which subsets of agents have access to common information: we show that the size of the set of equilibrium strategies is increasing with the extent of variability in the size of the subsets of agents who observe the same signal. We study the set of equilibria in large coordination games, showing that as the number of agents grows, the game exhibits multiple equilibria if and only if a non-vanishing fraction of the agents have access to the same signal. We finally consider an application of our framework in which the noisy signals are interpreted to be the idiosyncratic signals of the agents, which are exchanged through a communication network. In the second part of the thesis, we quantify the gain in the speed of learning of parametric models of influence, due to having access to richer temporal information. We infer local influence relations between networked entities from data on outcomes and assess the value of temporal data by characterizing the speed of learning under three different types of available data: knowing the set of entities who take a particular action; knowing the order in which the entities take an action; and knowing the times of the actions. We propose a parametric model of influence which captures directed pairwise interactions and formulate different variations of the learning problem. We use the Fisher information, the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence, and sample complexity as measures for the speed of learning. We provide theoretical guarantees on the sample complexity for correct learning based on sets, sequences, and times. The asymptotic gain of having access to richer temporal data for the speed of learning is thus quantified in terms of the gap between the derived asymptotic requirements under different data modes. We also evaluate the practical value of learning with richer temporal data, by comparing learning with sets, sequences, and times given actual observational data. Experiments on both synthetic and real data, including data on mobile app installation behavior, and EEG data from epileptic seizure events, quantify the improvement in learning due to richer temporal data, and show that the proposed methodology recovers the underlying network well.
by Spyridon Ilias Zoumpoulis.
Ph. D.
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Zylbersztejn, Adam. „Information, institutions et efficacité : essais en économie expérimentale“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010015/document.
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Cette thèse comporte 3 chapitres principaux. Les chapitres 1 et 2 présentent des résultats expérimentaux issus d'un jeu de coordination proposé par Rosenthal (1981) et Beard and Beil (1994). Ce jeu comporte deux équilibres de Nash: le premier est efficace, le deuxième repose sur l'usage de stratégies faiblement dominées. Dans les expériences en laboratoire fondées sur ce jeu, les joueurs échouent très souvent à prendre les décisions qui maximisent simultanément les gains de toutes les parties. Ces échecs de coordination efficace proviennent de deux comportements: (i) les sujets doutent que les autres joueurs vont chercher à maximiser leur propre gain, et (ii) ceux doutes sont, dans certains cas, justifiés. Dans le chapitre l, nous présentons une nouvelle expérience qui permet de vérifier si ce comportement est dû à par l'inégalité des paiements entre les joueurs (qui subsiste dans la plupart des implémentations de laboratoire menées jusqu'à présent). Nos données montrent clairement que l'échec à maximiser les gains personnels, ainsi que la crainte que les autres pourraient se comporter de cette façon, ne proviennent pas de l'aversion pour l'inégalité. Ce résultat est robuste quant aux variations dans la saillance des décisions, à l'apprentissage par répétition, ainsi qu'aux différences culturelles entre la France et la Pologne. Nous étudions ensuite l'impact de l'information sur le comportement stratégique dans ce jeu. Les traitements expérimentaux introduisent trois mécanismes améliorant le niveau d'information dans le jeu: une simple répétition, des messages de type "cheap-talk" et l'observation des actions passées du partenaire. L'apprentissage par répétition augmente les fréquences de l'issue la plus efficace, ainsi que le risque de défaut d'appariement stratégique le plus coûteux. De plus, ce type d'apprentissage est remplacé par des signaux individuels. Comme les études précédentes, nous montrons que les signaux aident à prévoir les intentions des partenaires, ce qui réduit la fréquence des échecs de coordination. Néanmoins, contrairement à ces études, nous trouvons que la transmission d'information entre les partenaires, que ce soit en utilisant les messages ou l'observation, ne suffit pas à augmenter significativement l'efficacité globale des résultats. Cela arrive surtout car la transmission d'information ne restreint pas l'utilisation des stratégies dominées. Dans le chapitre 2, nous proposons une expérience qui applique la théorie de l'engagement, établie en psychologie sociale, dans le contexte économique du jeu de coordination. Dans cet environnement, le jeu de coordination, qui se déroule avec communication, est précédé par l'étape du serment où les sujets ont l'opportunité de s'engager solennellement à dire la vérité. Trois résultats principaux émergent. Tout d'abord, en présence du serment, la coordination sur l'équilibre le plus efficace augmente de près de 50% pour atteindre un niveau de 75%. Ensuite, grâce à la procédure du serment, les joueurs deviennent plus honnêtes: ils envoient des messages qui correspondent plus souvent à ce qu'ils font effectivement dans le jeu. De plus, les actions qu'ils choisissent sont aussi plus efficaces. En un, les joueurs qui reçoivent les messages, deviennent plus confiants et ils choisissent plus souvent une action conforme aux intentions qui leur sont envoyéesChapters 1 and 2 revisit the Beard and Beil (1994) two-player coordination game with two Nash equilibria: one Pareto-efficient, the other is Pareto-inefficient and involves a weakly dominated strategy. Existing experiments using this game robustly show that suboptimal outcomes arise as a result of two puzzling behaviors: (i) subjects doubt that the offer players will seek to maximize their own payoff (ii) these doubts are, in some instances, justified. In Chapter l, we report on new experiments investigating whether the inequality in payoffs between players, maintained in most lab implementations 0 this game, may explain such behavior. Our data clearly show that the failure to maximize personal payoffs, as well as the fear that others might act this way, do not stem from inequality aversion. This result is robust to: varying saliency of decisions, repetition-based learning and cultural differences between France and Pol and. Then, we assess whether information about the interaction partner helps eliminate inefficiency in this game. Our treatments involve three information ¬enhancing mechanisms: repetition and two kinds of individual signals, messages from partner or observation of his past choices. Repetition-based learning increases the frequencies of the most efficient outcome and the most costly strategic mismatch. Moreover, it is superseded b, individual signals. Like previous empirical studies, we report that signals provide a screening of partners' intentions that reduces the frequency of strategic mismatches. Unlike these studies, we find that the transmission of information between partners, either via messages or observation, does not suffice to significantly increase the overall efficiency of outcomes. This happens mostly because additional information does not restrain the use of the dominated action. Therefore, this chapter identifies important limitations of cheap-talk communication -- a mechanism generally considered by economists as a useful means to improve the efficiency of economic interactions. It suggests that in the absence of a pronounced link between one's words and actions, institutions involving communication may well happen to be insufficient for this purpose. This issue is addressed in Chapter 2 where we explore whether the social psychology theory of commitment via a truth-telling oath can improve the performance of pre-play communication regarding the coordination of strategies and the efficiency of outcomes. As an addition to the classical cheap-¬talk communication protocol utilized in Chapter l, we ask ail players to sign voluntarily a truth-telling oath before entering the lab. Three principle results emerge with commitment-via-the-oath: (1) efficient coordination increases by nearly 50 percent; (2) senders' messages are significantly more truthful and actions more efficient, and (3) receivers' trust of messages increases
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Pentina, Iryna. „Performance Implications of Multi-Channel Strategic Decisions by Incumbent Retailers: The Role of Order of Entry and Degree of Inter-Channel Coordination“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6065/.
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The rapidly intensifying adoption of the Internet channel for marketing and sales by incumbent bricks-and-mortar retailers underscores the importance of assessing the impact of the online channel strategies on firm performance in the dynamic competitive environment. At the time when store-based retailers increasingly dominate online sales the questions of when and how an incumbent retailer should adopt an online channel to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage are of utmost interest for both marketing scholars and practitioners. This dissertation investigates the role of two strategic decisions in affecting firm performance: (a) the order of adopting an online channel by incumbent retailers and (b) the degree of coordination between store and online sales channels. The resource-based view and the dynamic capabilities approach are used as theoretical foundations for the study. Following resource-based logic and applying a contingency perspective, this research proposes that firm-specific resource endowments determine the success of the order of online entry strategy for incumbent retailers. This dissertation utilizes the dynamic capabilities approach to propose that the strategy of inter-channel channel coordination leads to higher performance when core, unique dynamic capabilities pertaining to e-commerce are developed in-house, as opposed to being outsourced. By posing and answering the research questions regarding the role of strategic decisions of order of online entry and channel coordination in enhancing long-term financial and operational performance, this dissertation contributes to the development of strategic theory in the nascent areas of electronic commerce and multi-channel retailing, provides further empirical support to resource-based theory of competitive advantage, and assists managers in formulating more informed strategic objectives for achieving multi-channel competitive advantage.
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Pentina, Iryna Hasty Ronald W. „Performance implications of multi-channel strategic decisions by incumbent retailers the role of order of entry and degree of inter-channel coordination /“. [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2008. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-6065.
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Nourjou, Reza. „GIS-based Intelligent Assistant Agent for Supporting Decisions of Incident Commander in Disaster Response“. 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188867.
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Grevet, Jean-Louis M. „Decision aiding and coordination in decision-making organizations“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14670.
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Johansson, Alexander. „Strategic Decision-Making in Platoon Coordination“. Licentiate thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275670.
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The need for sustainable transportation solutions is urgent as the demand for mobility of goods and people is expected to multiply in the upcoming decades. One promising solution is truck platooning, which shows great potential in reducing the fuel consumption and operational costs of trucks. In order to utilize the benefits of truck platooning to the fullest, trucks with different routes in a transportation network need coordination to efficiently meet and form platoons. This thesis addresses platoon coordination when trucks form platoons at hubs, where some trucks need to wait for others in order to meet, and there is a reward for platooning and a cost for waiting. Three contributions on the topic platoon coordination are presented in this thesis. In the first contribution, we consider platoon coordination among trucks that have pre-defined routes in a network of hubs, and the travel times are either deterministic or stochastic. The trucks are owned by competing transportation companies, and each truck decides on its waiting times at hubs in order to optimize its own operational cost. We consider a group of trucks to form a platoon if it departs from a hub and enters the road at the same time. The strategic interaction among trucks when they coordinate for platooning is modeled by non-cooperative game theory, and the Nash equilibrium is considered as the solution concept when the trucks make their decisions at the beginning of their journeys. In case of stochastic travel times, we also develop feedback-based solutions wherein trucks repeatedly update their decisions. We show in a simulation study of the Swedish transportation network that the feedback-based solutions achieve platooning rates up to 60 %. In the second contribution, we propose models for sharing the platooning profit among platoon members. The platooning benefit is not equal for all trucks in a platoon; typically, the lead truck benefits less than its followers. The incentive for transportation companies to cooperate in platooning may be low unless the profit is shared. We formulate platoon coordination games based on profit-sharing models, and in a simulation of a single hub, the outcomes of the platoon coordination games are evaluated. The evaluation shows that the total profit achieved when the trucks aim to maximize their own profits, but the platooning benefit is evened out among platoon members, is nearly as high as when each truck aims to maximize the total profit in the platooning system. In the last contribution, we study a problem where trucks arrive to a hub according to a stochastic arrival process. The trucks do not share a priori information about their arrivals; this may be sensitive information to share with others. A coordinator decides, based on the statistical distribution of arrivals, when to release the trucks at the hub in the form of a platoon. Under the assumption that the arrivals are independent and identically distributed, we show that it is optimal to release the trucks at the hub when the number of trucks exceeds a certain threshold. This contribution shows that simple and dynamic coordination approaches can obtain a high profit from platooning, even under high uncertainty and limited a priori information.Under de kommande decennierna förväntas efterfrågan på transport av varor och passagerare mångfaldigas, vilket innebär att behovet av hållbara transportlösningar är brådskande. En lovande lösning är konvojkörning, som visar stor potential att minska bränsleförbrukningen och driftskostnaderna för lastbilar. För att utnyttja fördelarna med konvojkörning till fullo behöver lastbilar koordineras för att effektivt mötas och bilda konvojer. Den här avhandlingen behandlar koordinering av lastbilar som kan bilda konvojer på transporthubbar, där vissa lastbilar måste vänta på andra lastbilar för att bilda konvojer, och det finns en belöning för konvojkörning och en kostnad för att vänta. Tre bidrag som behandlar konvojkoordinering presenteras i den här avhandlingen. Det första bidraget behandlar koordinering av lastbilar med förutbestämda rutter i ett transportnätverk med deterministiska eller stokastiska restider. Lastbilarna ägs av konkurrerande transportföretag, och varje lastbil beslutar om sina väntetider på hubbarna längs med sin rutt för att optimera sin driftskostnad. Vi antar att lastbilar bildar en konvoj om de avgår från en hubb och kör in på vägen samtidigt. Den strategiska interaktionen mellan lastbilar när de koordinerar för konvojbildning modelleras med icke-kooperativ spelteori, och vi betraktar Nashjämvikt som lösningskoncept när lastbilarna beslutar om sina väntetider i början av sina resor. I fallet med stokastiska restider utvecklar vi även lösningar där lastbilarna tillåts uppdatera sina väntetider längs med sina resor. I en simuleringsstudie över det svenska transportnätverket visas att när lastbilarna tillåts uppdatera sina väntetider uppnås en konjovkörningsgrad på 60%. I det andra bidraget utreds modeller för att dela på vinsten från konvojkörning. Fördelarna med konvojkörning är inte lika för alla lastbilar i en konvoj; vanligtvis är fördelen större för följarlastbilarna än för ledarlastbilen. Således kan incitamenten för transportföretag att samarbeta i form av konvojkörning vara låga om inte vinsterna från konvojkörning delas. Baserat på vinstdelningsmodeller formulerar vi konvojkoordineringsspel. I en simulering av en transporthubb utvärderar vi utfallet från konvojkoordinationsspelen. Det visar sig att den totala vinsten som uppnås när lastbilarna försöker maximera sina egna vinster, men vinsten från konvojkörning jämnas ut helt bland konvojmedlemmar, är nästan lika hög som när varje lastbil försöker att maximera den totala vinsten i systemet. I det sista bidraget studeras ett koordineringsproblem där lastbilar anländer till en transporthubb enligt en stokastisk ankomstprocess. Lastbilarna delar inte förhandsinformation om sina ankomster; detta kan vara känslig information att dela. En koordinator bestämmer, baserat på den statistiska sannolikhetsfördelningen av ankomster, när lastbilarna på transporthubben ska släppas iväg i form av en konvoj. Under antagandet att ankomsterna är statistiskt oberoende och likafördelade, visar vi att det är optimalt att släppa iväg lastbilarna från transporthubben i form av en konvoj när antalet lastbilar överskrider en viss tröskel. Detta bidrag visar att enkla och dynamiska koordineringsmetoder kan erhålla en hög vinst från konvojkörning, även under hög osäkerhet och begränsad förhandsinformation.
Länk till den offentliga granskningen tillkännages via: https://www.kth.se/profile/alexjoha
QC 20200609
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Allars, M. N. „Coordination and administrative discretion“. Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371505.
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ZamarroÌn, HernaÌndez Ignacio Enrique. „Coordination, focal points and decision making from a pragmatic perspective“. Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442546.
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Sung, Yoonchang. „Multi-Robot Coordination for Hazardous Environmental Monitoring“. Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95057.
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In this thesis, we propose algorithms designed for monitoring hazardous agents. Because hazardous environmental monitoring is either tedious or dangerous for human operators, we seek a fully automated robotic system that can help humans. However, there are still many challenges from hardware design to algorithm design that restrict robots to be applied to practical applications. Among these challenges, we are particularly interested in dealing with algorithmic challenges primarily caused by sensing and communication limitations of robots. We develop algorithms with provable guarantees that map and track hazards using a team of robots.
Our contributions are as follows. First, we address a situation where the number of hazardous agents is unknown and varies over time. We propose a search and tracking framework that can extract individual target tracks as well as estimate the number and the spatial density of targets. Second, we consider a team of robots tracking individual targets under limited bandwidth. We develop distributed algorithms that can find solutions in bounded amount of time. Third, we propose an algorithm for aerial robots that explores a translating hazardous plume of unknown size and shape. We present a recursive depth-first search-based algorithm that yields a constant competitive ratio for exploring a translating plume. Last, we take into account a heterogeneous team of robots to map and sample a translating plume. These contributions can be applied to a team of aerial robots and a robotic boat monitoring and sampling a translating hazardous plume over a lake. In this application, the aerial robots coordinate with each other to explore the plume and to inform the robotic boat while the robotic boat collects water samples for offline analysis. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms through simulations and proof-of-concept field experiments for real-world environmental monitoring.Doctor of Philosophy
Quick response to hazards is crucial as the hazards may put humans at risk and thorough removal of hazards may take a substantial amount of time. Our vision is that the introduction of a robotic solution would be beneficial for hazardous environmental monitoring. Not only the fact that humans can be released from dangerous or tedious tasks, but we also can take advantage of the robot's agile maneuverability and its precise sensing. However, the development on both hardware and software is not yet ripe to be able to deploy autonomous robots in real-world scenarios. Moreover, partial and uncertain information of hazards impose further challenges. In this these, we present various research problems addressing these challenges in hazardous environmental monitoring. Particularly, we are interested in overcoming challenges from the perspective of software by designing planning and decision-making algorithms for robots. We validate our proposed algorithms through extensive simulations and real-world experiments.
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Fern, Lisa C. „Coordination in Urban Firefighting: A Critical Incident Analysis“. The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1206029951.
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Nakashima, Tomoaki. „Coordination and decision making of regulation, operation, and market activities in power systems“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/NQ56595.pdf.
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Glover, Arren John. „Developing grounded representations for robots through the principles of sensorimotor coordination“. Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/71763/1/Arren_Glover_Thesis.pdf.
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Robots currently recognise and use objects through algorithms that are hand-coded or specifically trained. Such robots can operate in known, structured environments but cannot learn to recognise or use novel objects as they appear. This thesis demonstrates that a robot can develop meaningful object representations by learning the fundamental relationship between action and change in sensory state; the robot learns sensorimotor coordination. Methods based on Markov Decision Processes are experimentally validated on a mobile robot capable of gripping objects, and it is found that object recognition and manipulation can be learnt as an emergent property of sensorimotor coordination.
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Iriberri, Nagore. „Essays in behavioral game theory : auctions, hide and seek, and coordination /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244177.
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Cao, Patrick Pu 1963. „The effects of parallel versus sequential coordination methods on distributed group multiple critera decision-making outcomes : an empirical study with a web-based GDSS prototype“. Monash University, School of Information Management and Systems, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8107.
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Bulling, Nils [Verfasser]. „Formal methods for analysing, coordinating, and controlling decisions in multi-agent-systems / Nils Bulling“. Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1077842236/34.
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Shuttleworth, Christina Cornelia. „Towards a financial literacy model as a coordinating interface between financial information and decision makers“. Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262009-093743/.
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Böwe, Sabrina. „Entrepreneurs' strategic decision making“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16496.
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Wie beeinflusst das gleichzeitige Auftreten von strategischer und umfeldbedingter Unsicherheit das Entscheidungsverhalten? Unterscheiden sich Unternehmer in dieser Hinsicht von Anderen? Die vorliegende Dissertation behandelt diese Fragen und untersucht das Koordinationsverhalten bei dualer Unsicherheit. In vier ökonomischen Experimenten wird das Entscheidungsverhalten von Unternehmern und Nicht-Unternehmern vergleichend analysiert. Die betrachteten Entscheidungssituationen beinhalten Investitionsentscheidungen in Forschung und Entwicklung sowie verschiedene Aspekte des Wettbewerbs und von Markteintrittsentscheidungen.How do people make decisions when simultaneously facing strategic and environmental uncertainty? Do entrepreneurs differ from others in this regards? This dissertation addresses these questions by investigating coordination behavior under dual uncertainty. Four economic experiments have been conducted comparing the behavior of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs in settings that contain investment decisions into research and development and different aspects of competition and market entry decisions.
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Bell, Daniel M. „An evaluative case report of the group decision manager : a look at the communication and coordination issues facing online group facilitation /“. free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901215.
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Posadzy, Kinga. „Social and Economic Factors in Decision Making under Uncertainty : Five Essays in Behavioral Economics“. Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143035.
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The objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of human behavior that goes beyond monetary rewards. In particular, it investigates social influences in individual’s decision making in situations that involve coordination, competition, and deciding for others. Further, it compares how monetary and social outcomes are perceived. The common theme of all studies is uncertainty. The first four essays study individual decisions that have uncertain consequences, be it due to the actions of others or chance. The last essay, in turn, uses the advances in research on decision making under uncertainty to predict behavior in riskless choices. The first essay, Fairness Versus Efficiency: How Procedural Fairness Concerns Affect Coordination, investigates whether preferences for fair rules undermine the efficiency of coordination mechanisms that put some individuals at a disadvantage. The results from a laboratory experiment show that the existence of coordination mechanisms, such as action recommendations, increases efficiency, even if one party is strongly disadvantaged by the mechanism. Further, it is demonstrated that while individuals’ behavior does not depend on the fairness of the coordination mechanism, their beliefs about people’s behavior do. The second essay, Dishonesty and Competition. Evidence from a stiff competition environment, explores whether and how the possibility to behave dishonestly affects the willingness to compete and who the winner is in a competition between similarly skilled individuals. We do not find differences in competition entry between competitions in which dishonesty is possible and in which it is not. However, we find that due to the heterogeneity in propensity to behave dishonestly, around 20% of winners are not the best-performing individuals. This implies that the efficient allocation of resources cannot be ensured in a stiff competition in which behavior is unmonitored. The third essay, Tracing Risky Decision Making for Oneself and Others: The Role of Intuition and Deliberation, explores how individuals make choices under risk for themselves and on behalf of other people. The findings demonstrate that while there are no differences in preferences for taking risks when deciding for oneself and for others, individuals have greater decision error when choosing for other individuals. The differences in the decision error can be partly attributed to the differences in information processing; individuals employ more deliberative cognitive processing when deciding for themselves than when deciding for others. Conducting more information processing when deciding for others is related to the reduction in decision error. The fourth essay, The Effect of Decision Fatigue on Surgeons’ Clinical Decision Making, investigates how mental depletion, caused by a long session of decision making, affects surgeon’s decision to operate. Exploiting a natural experiment, we find that surgeons are less likely to schedule an operation for patients who have appointment late during the work shift than for patients who have appointment at the beginning of the work shift. Understanding how the quality of medical decisions depends on when the patient is seen is important for achieving both efficiency and fairness in health care, where long shifts are popular. The fifth essay, Preferences for Outcome Editing in Monetary and Social Contexts, compares whether individuals use the same rules for mental representation of monetary outcomes (e.g., purchases, expenses) as for social outcomes (e.g., having nice time with friends). Outcome editing is an operation in mental accounting that determines whether individuals prefer to first combine multiple outcomes before their evaluation (integration) or evaluate each outcome separately (segregation). I find that the majority of individuals express different preferences for outcome editing in the monetary context than in the social context. Further, while the results on the editing of monetary outcomes are consistent with theoretical predictions, no existing model can explain the editing of social outcomes.
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Callbo, Daniel, und Carl Jacobsson. „Meta-organizational Consensus : A case study of decision-making in a meta-organization in Swedish healthcare“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354015.
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Purpose – In the context of digitalization in healthcare and Swedish demographical development, the importance of meta-organizational decision-making can be discussed. This paper studies the decision-making processes in a national meta-organization which members face the current challenges of Swedish public healthcare. Therefore, this paper aims to contribute to meta-organizational decision-making. Design/methodology/approach – This paper has a qualitative approach and is based in abductive reasoning towards theory and research. Data has been collected from interviews, podcasts and documents that describe the decision-making process in the meta-organization. Findings – Our empirical findings show that the decision-making process of the metaorganization is complex, time-consuming and aims to provide consensus before its members' decisions. To reach consensus, the meta-organization uses various coordination and collaboration activities and groupings such as networks, workshops, expert panels, and conferences. Practical implications – Both informal and formal activities and groupings are considered important in reaching consensus. Furthermore, both formal and informal groupings help to overcome interest-conflicts such as differing priorities. It is also important the metaorganization provide an arena where all members feel that the can contribute and influence the decision-making process, regardless of size or resources. Originality/value – Because of dichotomic views on the importance of consensus in decision-making in meta-organization, and from calls for future research, this study can be argued to be of interest. Furthermore, digitalization and demographical development suggest that the healthcare sector is in current and significant change. Keywords – decision-making, meta-organizations, digitalization, demographics, healthcare, coordination, interest-conflict, consensus Paper type – Research paper, master's thesis
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Liao, Yan. „Decentralized Decision Making and Information Sharing in a Team of Autonomous Mobile Agents“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1353101024.
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Phulpin, Yannick Dominique. „Coordination of reactive power scheduling in a multi-area power system operated by independent utilities“. Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31638.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Begovic, Miroslav; Committee Member: Divan, Deepak; Committee Member: Harley, Ron; Committee Member: Petit, Marc; Committee Member: Verriest, Erik. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Sosnowski, Scott T. „Approximate Action Selection For Large, Coordinating, Multiagent Systems“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459468867.
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Benerink, Niek. „Playing pong together : a new experimental paradigm to study social coordination in a doubles interception task“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0631/document.
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Dans une tâche virtuelle d'interception, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon dont deux individus, pouvant déplacer chacun une raquette le long d'un axe d'interception commun, coordonnaient leurs actions dans le but d'intercepter une balle qui s'approchait. En tant que contact entre les raquettes rendrait interception impossible, la tâche de double-pong demandait aux participants de décider à chaque essai qui allait être celui à réaliser l'interception. Sans possibilités pour communication orale, seules les informations visuelles sur l’écran pouvaient être utilisées lors processus décisionnel. A travers trois expériences, en manipulant les positions initiales des raquettes et les différences individuelles de niveaux au sein des équipes, nous avons examiné comment ces équipes organisaient leur comportement d'interception. Les résultats ont révélé que toutes les équipes établissaient spontanément une division du travail caractérisée par des domaines d'interception individuels séparés par des frontières floues. Bien que les positions des limites puissent varier d'une équipe à l'autre, celles-ci ont été systématiquement affectées par les positions initiales des raquettes. Les différences de niveaux ne semblaient pas avoir un tel effet. Une définition basée sur l'action de l'opportunité selon laquelle, à chaque instant, chaque joueur se déplace vers la future position d'interception, a permis de prédire qui finirait par intercepter la balle. Dans l'ensemble, nos études suggèrent que la prise de décision de qui va intercepter la balle émerge d'un couplage informationnel entre les membres de l'équipe, considérant que la division de l'espace est un résultat émergentWe studied the way two individuals coordinate their actions in order to intercept an approaching ball by moving individually-controlled paddles along a common interception-axis in a video game-like doubles interception task. With contact between paddles leading to their immediate disintegration, the doubles-pong task required team members to decide on each trial who would be the one to actualize the interception. Because overt communication was precluded, these decisions were informed exclusively by vision of the on-screen movements of paddles and ball. In three experiments, manipulating initial conditions (i.e., initial paddle positions) and individual skill differences within teams, we examined how teams organized their joint interception behavior. Results revealed that all teams spontaneously demonstrated a division of labor, characterized by individual interception domains separated by fuzzy (i.e., overlapping) boundaries. While boundary locations could vary over teams within a given experimental condition, they were nevertheless systematically affected for each team by initial paddle positions. Skill differences between individual team members did not appear to have such an effect. An action-based definition of the (time-evolving) expediency with which each player moved towards the future interception position allowed predicting which of the two players would end up intercepting the ball and which would abandon the interception attempt. Overall, our studies suggest that the decision of who will intercept the ball emerges from an informational coupling between team members, with the division of space being an emergent result
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Birchmeier, Zachary. „Exploring the conditional benefits of team diversity the interaction of task requirements and team composition on tacit coordination efficiency /“. Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1091631663.
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Rayo, Michael F. Jr. „Directive Displays: Supporting Human-machine Coordination by Dynamically Varying Representation, Information, and Interjection Strength“. The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1373384199.
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Kar, Shruti. „Multi-Scale and Multi-Modal Streaming Data Aggregation and Processing for Decision Support during Natural Disasters“. Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1547811329783514.
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Freitas, Lindomar Nunes de. „E-mails no trabalho em grupo e sua efetividade no processo decisório na Springer Carrier“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25907.
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O correio eletrônico, ou tecnologia de e-mail, é uma forma de comunicação e de geração de informações, que ocasionou mudanças observadas em todos os setores da sociedade e que gerou grande impacto nas organizações. Constata-se que este instrumento excede cada vez mais seus espaços, fazendo com que ferramentas tradicionalmente utilizadas tornassem-se rapidamente obsoletadas, como é o caso, por exemplo, do fax. Essa situação estimula a ampliação do pensamento a respeito do que grandes mudanças geram e sobre como seus impactos têm ocorrido a nível comportamental e organizacional nas empresas, em especial no trabalho em grupo. Algumas das mudanças foram estudadas a partir de processos decisórios realizados por grupos de pessoas, que fizeram uso de correio eletrônico como ferramenta de comunicação, coordenação e colaboração. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, de caráter exploratório, propõe-se como metodologia um estudo de caso único com coleta de dados secundários (e-mails referentes a alguns processos decisórios selecionados para análise) e dados primários (uma pesquisa da percepção dos usuários em relação ao uso do e-mail nesses processos). Buscou-se, assim, formas de identificar os resultados e a efetividade do uso de uma ferramenta que deixou de ser, de modo veloz e dinâmico, simplesmente de comunicação para tornar-se ferramenta de ação e de decisão, que tem impactado nas atividades da organização estudada e de seus colaboradores. Os resultados obtidos indicam possíveis caminhos na busca de elementos que contribuam para o aumento da eficiência e qualidade quando utilizado esta ferramenta na tomada de decisão.Electronic mail, or e-mail technology, is a form of communication and information generation, which caused the observed changes in all sectors of society and that has generated great impact on organizations. It appears that this instrument increasingly exceeds their space, making traditional tools used become rapidly obsolete, as is the case, for example, the fax. This situation encourages the expansion of thinking about the big changes that generate and how its impacts have occurred at behavioral and organizational enterprises, especially in group work. Some of the changes were studied from a decision-making processes carried out by groups of people who used e-mail as a tool for communication, coordination and collaboration. To develop this study, exploratory, it is proposed methodology as a single case study with secondary data collection (emails regarding some decision-making processes selected for review) and primary data (a survey of users' perception regarding the use of email in those cases). We tried to thus ways to identify the results and effectiveness of the use of a tool that has ceased to be so fast and dynamic, communication simply to become tool for action and decision that has impacted the organization's activities studied and their collaborators. The results indicate possible paths in the search for elements that contribute to increased efficiency and quality when used this tool in decision making.
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Pinho, Silvia Teixeira de. „As aprendizagens das tomadas de decisão sobre o passe e a interceptação do futsal com base na percepção da coordenação interpessoal“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-19062018-113812/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as aprendizagens das tomadas de decisão sobre o passe (experimentos 1 e 2) e a interceptação (experimentos 3 e 4) do futsal com base na percepção de variáveis espaço-temporais de coordenação interpessoal. Foram filmados 11 jogos de futsal em 4 experimentos, dos quais foram analisados 870 passes bem-sucedidos e 152 passes interceptados realizados por 139 meninas com idades entre 12 e 15 anos. O experimento 1 envolveu a realização de pré-teste e pós-teste; os demais experimentos envolveram, adicionalmente, a realização de um teste de retenção, os quais constaram de jogos de futsal de 10 minutos. Os deslocamentos das jogadoras relativas às coordenadas x e y foram capturados pelo software TACTO, do momento em que o passador recebeu a bola até momento que a bola foi recebida ou interceptada. Nos experimentos 1 e 2 as práticas foram manipuladas em relação às instruções \"passe a bola para a jogadora mais longe da marcadora\" e \"passe a bola para a jogadora que estiver abrindo mais rapidamente\". Neles, as seguintes medidas foram utilizadas: ângulos interpessoais, velocidades angulares, variabilidades angulares, tempo de posse de bola e eficiência do passe. Nos experimentos 3 e 4 foram manipuladas, respectivamente, as seguintes instruções de coordenação interpessoal: \"corra para a linha da bola\" e \"quando o defensor pressionar o passador, corra para a linha da bola\". As medidas utilizadas nesses experimentos foram: índice da linha da bola, velocidade de interceptação, velocidade de aproximação e efetividade da interceptação. Os resultados permitiram inferir que a prática com ênfase na percepção de variáveis de coordenação interpessoal não possibilitou a aprendizagem da tomada de decisão do passe. Mas o contrário - aprendizagem - ocorreu em relação à interceptação. Entretanto, a aprendizagem somente foi verificada quando a prática não envolveu o comportamento casado, ou seja, quando o interceptador não tinha que prestar atenção ao mesmo tempo em seu companheiro de time e na linha da bola. Os experimentos 1, 2 e 4 refutaram as proposições sobre a generalização dos resultados de pesquisa para o contexto de aprendizagemThe aim of this study was to investigate the learning of the decision-makings on the futsal passing (experiments 1 and 2) and intercepting (experiments 3 and 4) based on perception of spatiotemporal variables of interpersonal coordination. Eleven futsal games were filmed in 4 experiments. They involved 870 successful passes and 152 intercepted passes performed for 139 girls with ages between 12 and 15 years. The experiment 1 had a pre- and a post-test which involved a 10-minute futsal games. The players\' displacement trajectories related the x and y coordinates were edited through TACTO software, from the moment the passer received the ball until the moment the ball was received or intercepted for another player. In the experiments 1 and 2 practice was manipulated in relation to instruction \"pass the ball to the player further away from the marker\" and \"pass the ball to the player who is opening faster\". The follow measures were used in both experiments: interpersonal angles, angular velocities, angular variabilities, time of ball possession, and passing efficiency. In the experiments 3 and 4 were manipulated, respectively, the following instruction: \"run to the ball line\" and \"when the defender to press the passer, run to the ball line\". The measures used in these experiments were: ball line index, intercepting velocity, approaching velocity, and effectiveness of interception. The results allowed inferring that the practice with emphasis on the perception of interpersonal coordination variables did not allow the learning of the passing decision-making. However, the contrary - learning - occurred in relation to the interception. Meantime, the learning only was verified when the practice did not involve the married behavior, that is, when the interceptor did not have to pay attention to his teammate and in the ball line simultaneously. Experiments 1, 2 and 4 refuted the propositions about the generalization of research results to the learning context
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Newcomer, Julia D. „Perceptions of Decision-Makers of the Future Role of the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board in the Funding Process for Public Senior Colleges and Universities“. Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331376/.
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This study compares the perceptions of presidents and academic and fiscal vice presidents of Texas public senior colleges and universities and with those of (appointed) members of the Texas Coordinating Board. A survey instrument was developed, based upon appropriate coordinating board functions discussed in the literature review, A five-point scale was used to measure intensity or agreement or disagreement. Responses were subjected to one way analysis of variance to determine differences between administrators and board members. Differences significant at the .05 level are reported. Administrators and board members differed significantly on all statements related to centralized control versus internal autonomy. Board members endorsed a greater variety of roles and a higher level of activity for the board than did administrators, although members were not expansionistic. Administrators indicated diverse opinions regarding the board's role. Responses related to formula funding were similar. Board members believed that requests to the legislature for higher education funding needs should be presented in terms of a statewide system; administrators indicated uncertainty. Both agreed on the increasing importance of long-range planning in formula development, but administrators were unsure whether such planning would help provide stability and realistic expectations in funding. Both groups endorsed a greater role for the board in collecting, interpreting, and disseminating information regarding higher education institutions. Neither subgroup offered an opinion regarding subjection of higher education budget requests to the criteria used for other state agencies. Board members and administrators disagreed as to whether private business standards were appropriate for higher education institutions. The relationship between funding recommended by the board and appropriations passed by the legislature was not considered appropriate for evaluating board success. State appropriations for higher education were seen as an investment in the state's economic future. Administrators did not believe college and university faculties understood the board s role in funding; board members were undecided.
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Pyritz, Lennart [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Kappeler, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Fichtel, Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Heymann und Margarete [Akademischer Betreuer] Boos. „Determinants and outcomes of group coordination and decision-making in red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) / Lennart Pyritz. Gutachter: Peter Kappeler ; Eckhard Heymann ; Margarete Boos. Betreuer: Peter Kappeler ; Claudia Fichtel“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043508376/34.
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Pyritz, Lennart Verfasser], Peter M. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kappeler, Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Fichtel, Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Heymann und Margarete [Akademischer Betreuer] Boos. „Determinants and outcomes of group coordination and decision-making in red-fronted lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons) / Lennart Pyritz. Gutachter: Peter Kappeler ; Eckhard Heymann ; Margarete Boos. Betreuer: Peter Kappeler ; Claudia Fichtel“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-webdoc-3171-9.
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Dann, Benjamin [Verfasser], Hansjörg [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Scherberger, Alexander [Gutachter] Gail, Martin [Gutachter] Göpfert, Hannelore [Gutachter] Ehrenreich, Tim [Gutachter] Gollisch und Igor [Gutachter] Kagan. „Encoding, coordination, and decision making in the primate fronto-parietal grasping network / Benjamin Dann ; Gutachter: Hansjörg Scherberger, Alexander Gail, Martin Göpfert, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Tim Gollisch, Igor Kagan ; Betreuer: Hansjörg Scherberger“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1140642030/34.
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Roulet, Michel Camacho. „Uma aplicação de análise multicritério para a coordenação vertical no transporte de granéis sólidos agrícolas“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-16112015-154116/.
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As estratégias para executar o transporte rodoviário de granéis sólidos agrícolas no Brasil são um desafio à tomada de decisão. Este trabalho emprega a coordenação vertical e a análise da decisão para apresentar uma discussão acerca do processo decisório nas organizações. O método de análise multicritério, baseado em curvas de valor, permite a comparação de arranjos de governança em situações específicas. Para isso, foram definidos os principais objetivos, critérios e variáveis dos problemas de verticalização no transporte, e os resultados obtidos apontaram que o transporte verticalizado apresentou pior desempenho do que alternativas híbridas ou terceirizadas. Tal resultado suporta que em ambientes com alta dependência de custos e com baixa especificidade do ativo há maior tendência de se encontrar estruturas híbridas ou coordenadas via mercado. O levantamento descritivo do transporte rodoviário com empresas embarcadoras de cargas agrícolas bem como o resultado do modelo multicritério aplicado apontaram um mercado de transporte altamente terceirizado, que seria fomentado pela atual incerteza e baixa profissionalização dos transportadores rodoviários. À medida que a diferença de preços entre o modelo terceirizado e verticalizado diminui, há preferência pela estrutura hierárquica, dado o seu melhor desempenho nos benefícios oferecidos. Diante das mudanças no ambiente institucional, tal como a regulamentação dos transportes, os arranjos competitivos podem sofrer alterações. Para os tomadores de decisão, as estruturas verticalizadas poderiam compor com maior escala as estratégias das embarcadoras à medida que os custos da operação própria se aproximem dos valores praticados pelas transportadoras.The strategies to perform the transportation of agricultural commodities by truck in Brazil are a challenge to decision making. This paper brings together vertical coordination and decision analysis, to present a discussion of decision making in organizations. The Multiple Criterial Decision Analisys (MCDA), method based on value functions, allows comparison of governance arrangements in specific situations. After define the main objectives, criteria and variables found in transport verticalization problems, the results showed worse performance of verticalized arrengements than hybrid or outsourced alternatives. This result supports that in environments with high dependence on low costs and asset low specificity are more likely to meet hybrid or market coordinated structures. However, the descriptive survey of road transport with agricultural shippers and the results of the multicriterial model indicated a highly outsourced transport market, which would be fostered by the current uncertainty and low professionalism of haulers. As the price difference between the outsourced model and vertical decreases there is a preference for hierarchical structure given his best performances in the benefits offered. Given the changes in the institutional environment, such as the transport regulation, competitive arrangements may change. This type of preference by decision makers would compose the vertical structures with more scale strategies by shippers.
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Igoulalene, Idris. „Développement d'une approche floue multicritère d'aide à la coordination des décideurs pour la résolution des problèmes de sélection dans les chaines logistiques“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4357/document.
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Dans le cadre de cette thèse, notre objectif est de développer une approche multicritère d'aide à la coordination des décideurs pour la résolution des problèmes de sélection dans les chaines logistiques. En effet, nous considérons le cas où nous avons k décideurs/experts notés ST1,...,STk qui cherchent à classer un ensemble de m alternatives/choix notées A1,...,Am évaluées en termes de n critères conflictuels notés C1,..., Cn. L'ensemble des données manipulées est flou. Chaque décideur est amené à exprimer ses préférences pour chaque alternative par rapport à chaque critère à travers une matrice dite matrice des préférences. Notre approche comprend principalement deux phases, respectivement une phase de consensus qui consiste à trouver un accord global entre les décideurs et une phase de classement qui traite le problème de classement des différentes alternatives.Comme résultats, pour la première phase, nous avons adapté deux mécanismes de consensus, le premier est basé sur l'opérateur mathématique neat OWA et le second sur la mesure de possibilité. De même, nous avons développé un nouveau mécanisme de consensus basé sur la programmation par but goal programming. Pour la phase de classement, nous avons adapté dans un premier temps la méthode TOPSIS et dans un second, le modèle du goal programming avec des fonctions de satisfaction. Pour illustrer l'applicabilité de notre approche, nous avons utilisé différents problèmes de sélection dans les chaines logistiques comme la sélection des systèmes de formation, la sélection des fournisseurs, la sélection des robots et la sélection des entrepôtsThis thesis presents a development of a multi-criteria group decision making approach to solve the selection problems in supply chains. Indeed, we start in the context where a group of k decision makers/experts, is in charge of the evaluation and the ranking of a set of potential m alternatives. The alternatives are evaluated in fuzzy environment while taking into consideration both subjective (qualitative) and objective (quantitative) n conflicting criteria. Each decision maker is brought to express his preferences for each alternative relative to each criterion through a fuzzy matrix called preference matrix. We have developed three new approaches for manufacturing strategy, information system and robot selection problem:1. Fuzzy consensus-based possibility measure and goal programming approach.2. Fuzzy consensus-based neat OWA and goal programming approach.3. Fuzzy consensus-based goal programming and TOPSIS approach.Finally, a comparison of these three approaches is conducted and thus was able to give recommendations to improve the approaches and provide decision aid to the most satisfying decision makers
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Kazzaz, Mohammed Yasser al. „Sur l'ordonnancement d'atelier de fabrication : approche hiérarchisée et fonctionnement en boucles de pilotage“. Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0050.
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On etudie le probleme de l'ordonnancement des travaux dans les ateliers de fabrication. Les differentes caracteristiques et aspects du probleme sont traites sous une vue globale relevant d'une analyse systematique d'automaticien
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Desquesnes, Guillaume Louis Florent. „Distribution de Processus Décisionnels Markoviens pour une gestion prédictive d’une ressource partagée : application aux voies navigables des Hauts-de-France dans le contexte incertain du changement climatique“. Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MTLD0001/document.
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Les travaux de cette thèse visent à mettre en place une gestion prédictive sous incertitudes de la ressource en eau pour les réseaux de voies navigables. L'objectif est de proposer un plan de gestion de l'eau pour optimiser les conditions de navigation de l'ensemble du réseau supervisé sur un horizon spécifié. La solution attendue doit rendre le réseau résilient aux effets probables du changement climatique et aux évolutions du trafic fluvial. Dans un premier temps, une modélisation générique d'une ressource distribuée sur un réseau est proposée. Celle-ci, basée sur les processus décisionnels markoviens, prend en compte les nombreuses incertitudes affectant les réseaux considérés. L'objectif de cette modélisation est de couvrir l'ensemble des cas possibles, prévus ou non, afin d'avoir une gestion résiliente de ces réseaux. La seconde contribution consiste en une distribution du modèle sur plusieurs agents afin de permettre son passage à l'échelle. Ceci consiste en une répartition des capacités de contrôle du réseau entre les agents. Chaque agent ne possède ainsi qu'une connaissance locale du réseau supervisé. De ce fait, les agents ont besoin de se cordonner pour proposer une gestion efficace du réseau. Une résolution itérative avec échanges de plans temporaires de chaque agent est utilisée pour l'obtention de politiques de gestion locales à chaque agent. Finalement, des expérimentations ont été réalisées sur des réseaux réels de voies navigables françaises pour observer la qualité des solutions produites. Plusieurs scénarios climatiques différents ont été simulés pour tester la résilience des politiques produitesThe work of this thesis aims to introduce and implement a predictive management under uncertainties of the water resource for inland waterway networks. The objective is to provide a water management plan to optimize the navigation conditions of the entire supervised network over a specified horizon. The expected solution must render the network resilient to probable effects of the climate change and changes in waterway traffic. Firstly, a generic modeling of a resource distributed on a network is proposed. This modeling, based on Markovian Decision Processes, takes into account the numerous uncertainties affecting considered networks. The objective of this modeling is to cover all possible cases, foreseen or not, in order to have a resilient management of those networks. The second contribution consists in a distribution of the model over several agents to facilitate the scaling. This consists of a repartition of the network's control capacities among the agents. Thus, each agent has only local knowledge of the supervised network. As a result, agents require coordination to provide an efficient management of the network. An iterative resolution, with exchanges of temporary plans from each agent, is used to obtain local management policies for each agent. Finally, experiments were carried out on realistic and real networks of the French waterways to observe the quality of the solutions produced. Several different climatic scenarios have been simulated to test the resilience of the produced policies
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Domanski, Maria Aleksandra. „Decentralisation and the water sector : institutional perspectives“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010078.
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Cette thèse analyse le rôle que la décentralisation joue dans le secteur de l’eau, dans une perspective de la nouvelle économie institutionnelle. Après avoir identifié plusieurs facettes pertinentes de la décentralisation, notamment la décentralisation institutionnelle, sectorielle, économique et organisationnelle, la réflexion se structure autour de quatre grands thèmes, en appliquant une vue macro-, c’est-à-dire tournée vers l’environnement institutionnel, et microscopique, tournée vers les arrangements institutionnels. Premièrement, en se servant du récent concept des micro-institutions pour l’analyse du cadre de la régulation, nous analysons la question sous-explorée de savoir comment l’environnement institutionnel est transmis à des niveaux inférieurs de prise de décision. Nous observons en effet qu’à l’échelle des bassins versants, des micro-institutions peuvent apparaître en réponse à l’échec des niveaux de gouvernement d’adresser certaines problématiques. Cela confirme l’idée que les spécificités sectorielles doivent être prises en compte pour toute réforme. Deuxièmement, nous choisissons d’aborder la question de l’influence du modèle de régulation (centralisé ou décentralisé) sur la corruption, sous un nouvel angle de vue : Plutôt que de débattre de la supériorité d’un modèle sur l’autre, nous examinons les micro-institutions qui permettent en pratique de comprendre comment les agents économiques se coordonnent. C’est à ce niveau que se révèlent les risques de corruption. Troisièmement, nous nous intéressons à l’effet de la décentralisation sur les choix des modes d’organisation. Nous montrons, à l’aide d’une application économétrique du concept récent de la cohérence, la pertinence de la proposition selon laquelle les infrastructures de l’eau impliquent des actifs critiques, notamment les réseaux de transmission et de distribution, qui nécessitent une coordination étroite. Cela résulte dans des structures de gouvernance avec des droits de décision fortement centralisés. Quatrièmement, la décentralisation comprend aussi un aspect dynamique. Cet aspect concerne la réforme des infrastructures et leur libéralisation et implique des changements des modes d’organisation et de la distribution des droits de décision. Nous montrons que du fait de la combinaison de plusieurs spécificités de la provision d’eau potable, tel que la nature monopolistique des services d’eau, la libéralisation dans ce secteur reste marginale tandis que le contrôle public a plutôt tendance à s’intensifier qu’à se réduire. Cette thèse, appliquée au cas des infrastructures d’eau potable et d’assainissement, peut être considérée comme une contribution aux interrogations sur l’interaction et la coordination des agents économiques qui agissent dans des environnements et arrangements institutionnels décentralisés. En insistant sur le rôle de la prise de décision, des outils originaux, tels que les micro-institutions, sont avancés pour élucider ces questionsThe present thesis analyses the role decentralisation plays in the water sector in the perspective of new institutional economics. After identifying several relevant aspects of decentralisation, namely its institutional, sectoral, economic, and organisational ones, the reflexion on the topic revolves around four big themes, applying macro- and micro-views, i.e. at the level of the institutional environment and institutional arrangements respectively. Firstly, by applying the recent concept of micro-institutions to the analysis of regulatory settings, we are able to provide new insights into the under-explored question of how the institutional environment translates into lower levels of decision-making. Also, regulation is found to be dictated by sectoral characteristics that lead to regulatory micro-institutions at the river basin levels if government tiers are unable to address certain issues. This stresses the necessity to take sector specificities into account in any type of reform. Secondly, the much debated question on whether regulatory settings should be centralised or decentralised to lower corruption is misguided. Rather, the concrete micro-institutional setting must be examined in order to understand how the interaction of economic actors is coordinated. These coordination mechanisms reveal the risks of corruption. Thirdly, in a micro-perspective, the question of decentralisation also relates to the choice of modes of organisation. An econometric application of the recent coherence framework corroborates the view that water infrastructures involve critical assets, namely the transmission and distribution networks, which require tight coordination and therefore governance structures with highly centralised decision-rights. Fourthly, decentralisation also has a dynamic aspect. This is relevant to infrastructure reform and liberalisation which involves changes both in modes of organisation and in the distribution of decision-rights. The water sector is found to combine several characteristics which create the expectation that liberalisation will remain very low in this sector with public control rather in- than decreasing. This PhD thesis, applied to water utilities, can be seen as a contribution to the questions of how economic agents interact and coordinate in decentralised institutional environments and arrangements. By insisting on the role of decision-making, original tools, such as the concept of micro-institutions, are put forward in order to shed light on these issues
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Xu, Wei. „Optimising supply chain performance via information sharing and coordinated management“. Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2839.
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Supply chain management has attracted much attention in the last decade. There has been a noticeable shift from a traditional individual organisation-based management to an integrated management across the supply chain network since the end of the last century. The shift contributes to better decision making in the supply chain context, as it is necessary for a company to cooperate with other supply chain members by utilising relevant information such as inventory, demand and resource capacity. In other words, information sharing and coordinated management are essential mechanisms to improve supply chain performance. Supply chains may differ significantly in terms of industry sectors, geographic locations, and firm sizes. This study was based on case studies from small and medium sized manufacturing supply chains in People Republic of China. The study was motivated by the following facts. Firstly, small and medium enterprises have made a big contribution to China’s economic growth. Several studies revealed that most of the Chinese manufacturing enterprises became aware of the importance of supply chain management, but compared to western firms, the supply chain management level of Chinese firms had been lagging behind. Research on supply chain management and performance optimisation in Chinese small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) was very scarce. Secondly, there had been plenty of studies in the literature that focused on two or three level supply chains whilst considering a number of uncertain factors (e.g. customer demand) or a single supply chain performance indicator (e.g. cost). However, the research on multiple stage supply chain systems with multiple uncertainties and multiple objectives based on real industrial cases had been spared and deserved more attention. One reason was due to the lack of reliable industrial data that required an enormous effort to collect the primary data and there was a serious concern about data confidentiality from the industry aspect. This study employed two SME manufacturing companies as case studies. The first one was in the Aluminium industry and another was in the Chemical industry. The aim was to better understand the characteristics of the supply chains in Chinese SMEs through performing in-depth case studies, and built models and tools to evaluate different strategies for improving their supply chain performance. The main contributions of this study included the following aspects. Firstly, this study generalised a supply chain model including a domestic supply chain part and an international supply chain part based on deep case studies with the emphasis on identifying key characteristics in the case supply chains, such as uncertainties, constraints and cost elements in association with flows and activities in the domestic supply chain and the international supply chain. Secondly, two important SCM issues, i.e. the integrated raw material procurement and finished goods production planning, and the international sales planning, were identified. Thirdly, mathematical models were formulated to represent the supply chain model taking into account multiple uncertainties. Fourthly, several operational strategies utilising the concepts of just-in-time, safety-stock/capacity, Kanban, and vendor managed inventory, were evaluated and compared with the case company's original strategy in various scenarios through simulation methods, which enabled quantification of the impact of information sharing on supply chain performance. Fifthly, a single objective genetic algorithm was developed to optimise the integrated raw material ordering and finished goods production decisions under (s, S) policy (a dynamic inventory control policy), which enabled the impact of coordinated management on supply chain performance to be quantified. Finally, a multiple objectives genetic algorithm considering both total supply chain cost and customer service level was developed to optimise the integrated raw material ordering and finished goods production with the international sales plan decisions under (s, S) policy in various scenarios. This also enabled the quantification of the impact of coordinated management on supply chain performances.
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ABUBAKAR, MOHAMMED BASHIR. „POLICY CHANGE AND IMPLEMENTATION REGIMES: LESSONS FROM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LAND POLICY CHANGE AT THE SUB NATIONAL LEVEL IN NIGERIA“. Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/643580.
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ABSTRACT
The aim of this research project is an inquiry into the intersection between institutional design of policies and organizational behavior on policy outcomes. Specifically, it is a comparative case study that seeks to examine the different implementation styles adopted by some Nigerian states in the reforms on land property rights. The reforms as gauged by the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business index shows that the outcomes were mixed; while they were considered a success in some states, in others they were seen as failed reforms. Thus, the research question the project seeks to answer is: How do some states succeed in implementing and sustaining a policy change, while others are less able to do so?
The study focuses on the different institutional designs as well as implementation styles adopted by some selected Nigerian states which resulted in varying degrees of success. This differential outcomes according to theories on delegation, implementation and policy regimes arises from the interplay of the contents of different sets of procedural prescriptions: on the one side, the mandate to decide, which establishes boundaries, conditions and aims of an agency’s legitimate discretion in policy implementation; and on the other, the obligations to account, which enforce, relax or restrict such latitude. Therefore, the project seeks to further the applicability of these frameworks to weak institutional contexts by exploring variations in the institutional designs of policy delegation and implementation across some selected states in Nigeria.
A triangulation strategy was employed to collect data in three (3) states of Nigeria, using both primary sources (structured interviews) as well secondary sources (policy documents, administrative manuals and procedures, legislation, reports, minutes of meetings, public hearings, executive directives, and organizational organograms). The collected data was qualitatively coded and analyzed.
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Daknou, Amani. „Architecture distribuée à base d’agents pour optimiser la prise en charge des patients dans les services d’urgence en milieu hospitalier“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECLI0011/document.
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Les établissements de santé sont confrontés à de nouveaux défis tels que le vieillissement de la population, la hausse des coûts des soins et les progrès rapides des technologies médicales. Les nouvelles politiques de contrôle du budget des soins ont été introduites pour augmenter l'efficacité, réduire les déchets et remodeler le système de santé.Ces établissements cibles présentent des réseaux complexes incluant de ressources humaines,financières, structurelles et technologiques visant à garantir les meilleurs soins. Ces enjeux concernent d’autant plus les services d’urgence engorgés par l’afflux massif des passages, qui doivent fournir des décisions rapides et assurer le dimensionnement de ses ressources afin de réduire les délais d’attente des patients sans compromettre la qualité de soin.L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions appropriées aux services d’urgences permettant d’améliorer la prise en charge des patients en termes de temps d’attente. Nous avons commencé par analyser les problématiques de la filière des urgences afin d’engager une démarche d’amélioration. Par la suite, nous avons modélisé le processus de prise en charge des patients au service d’accueil des urgences à l’aide d’un système multi-agent ouvert et dynamique. Le système proposé permet de fournir une aide à la décision sur la planification de l’activité médicale et l’affectation des ressources humaines dans une unité où on se trouve souvent face à une situation d’urgence nécessitant une prise en charge rapide et efficace. Dans ce contexte, nous abordons le problème réactif d’optimisation de l’ordonnancement des opérations de soin et le problème de coordination du personnel médical. Nous nous intéressons au dimensionnement des ressources humaines au SU en adoptant une approche de prise en compte des compétences maîtrisées dans le but de trouver une adéquation avec celles requises par l’activité médicale afin avant tout d’accroitre la qualité, réduire les délais d’attente et permettre de dégager des gains de gestionHealth-care organizations are facing new challenges such as the aging population, the rise of health care costs and the rapid progress of medical technologies. New policies of health care budget control have been introduced to increase efficiency, reduce waste and reshape the entire health care system. Targeted organizations are complex networks of human,financial, structural and technological resources aiming at guarantying best public health care.These issues concern all the more Emergency Departments (ED) congested by the massive influx of passages and which must provide quick decisions and ensure the sizing of its resources to reduce waiting times for patients with out compromising quality of care.The objective of this thesis is to propose appropriate solutions to ED to improve carefor patients in terms of waiting time. We began by analyzing the problems of the emergency department in order to initiate a process of improvement. Subsequently, we modeled the process of care for patients at ED by using an open and dynamic multi-agent system. The proposed system can provide decision support on business planning and allocation of medical resources in a unit where one is often faced with an emergency situation requiring rapid and effective response. In this context, we study the reactive problem for optimizing scheduling of operations care and the coordination problem of medical staff. We take into account the skills mastered by human resources at ED in order to find a match with those required by the medical activity. This approach aims to increase quality, reduce time of expectation and provide pointers gains management
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Souls, Jacobus Abram. „A model for changing teachers' attitudes towards the value of teaching critical thinking skills : school management perspective / Jacobus A. Souls“. Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4788.
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The primary aim of the study was to design a model for changing teachers' attitudes towards the value of teaching critical thinking skills. Currently, information regarding the conceptualisation of this topic is inadequate and vague. In this study the nature of the complexities involved in the management and implementation of the teaching of critical thinking skills were researched through a literature study and an empirical investigation. A model was then designed for the effective management of the implementation thereof. The findings from the research indicated that teachers' attitudes towards the value of teaching critical thinking skills to learners are negative. It also became evident that the school principal should manage the implementation of the teaching of critical thinking skills to learners. The focus of the proposed model is on how teachers' attitudes towards the value of teaching critical thinking skills can be changed to ensure quality educative teaching and learning in and outside of the classroom. The study therefore serves to present a useable model for the management of the implementation of teaching critical thinking skills to learners. The study is further based on a well balanced opinion as experiences of teachers in the senior phase (grades 7, 8, & 9) were investigated by means of structured questionnaires. Recommendations regarding research findings were made for stakeholders and education departmental officials to note.Thesis (Ph.D. (Education Management))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2010.
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Attouri, Emna. „Contribution dans l’industrialisation de la construction : Mise au point d’un outil d’aide à la décision appliqué au gros œuvre“. Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0016.
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Construction hors site (CHS), méthodes de construction modernes (MCM), fabrication hors site (FHS) et production hors site (PHS) sont tous des termes cités dans la littérature comme étant des solutions possibles pour résoudre les problèmes des délais, de qualité et de coût associés aux méthodes de construction traditionnelles. La mise en œuvre réussie de ces méthodes dans le cadre d'un projet de construction nécessite une analyse systématique et une prise de décision anticipée fondée sur des facteurs spécifiques au projet. Il n'existe pas actuellement une approche systémique efficace capable de répondre à l'évolution des besoins, de faire face à la complexité croissante des projets de construction et de prendre en compte les innovations, les technologies et les réglementations récemment mises au point. À cet égard, ces sujets ont été abordés dans la présente thèse de doctorat. L'objectif de ce travail de recherche est le développement d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour le choix des modes constructifs. Nous proposons un modèle de prise de décision multi-niveaux. Le premier niveau concerne l’étude de faisabilité et évalue l'applicabilité de la construction hors site. Le deuxième niveau propose une approche intégrée de prise de décision qui combine la méthode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) et la méthode PROMETHEE. La combinaison des deux méthodes permet une évaluation minutieuse des différents modes constructifs et des scénarios pour un projet de construction donné. La méthodologie de recherche adoptée est une approche mixte, combinant des méthodes de collecte de données quantitatives et qualitatives, incluant trois études de cas, dix entretiens semi-structurés, des questionnaires avec différents acteurs de la construction, et un focus group avec neuf ingénieurs en construction. L'étude identifie d'abord les avantages et les limites de la construction hors site. Elle met ensuite en exergue les facteurs qui influencent les décisions relatives à l'utilisation de la construction hors site. Ensuite, elle présente et décrit un outil d’aide à la décision informatisé pensé pour aider les équipes projet dans leur processus décisionnel. Enfin, l'outil d'aide à la décision proposé a été testé auprès des professionnels de la construction sous la forme de deux études de cas. Ces dernières constituent une validation du modèle et l’outil informatisé, ainsi qu’une preuve de leur utilité et de son efficacité d’usage dans le processus décisionnel en constructionOffsite Construction (OSC), Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), Offsite Manufacturing (OSM), and Offsite Production (OSP) are all terms cited as being possible solutions for addressing time, quality and cost concerns associated with traditional construction method. Successful implementation of these methods on a particular project requires systematic analysis and early decision making based on specific factors of the project. There is a lack of an efficient systematic approach that is able to match the changing needs, deal with the growing complexity of building projects and take into consideration recently developed innovations, technologies and regulations. In this respect these issues have been addressed in this research study. The objective of this dissertation is the development of an early- phase decision tool to support the general contractor in selecting construction methods. We propose a multi-level decision framework. The first level conducts a feasibility study and evaluates the applicability of offsite construction. The second level proposes an integrated approach for the decision-making problem that combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE). The combination of both approaches enables a careful evaluation of different construction methods and scenarios for the same project. The research methodology adopted is a mixed approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including three case studies, 10 semi-structured interviews, questionnaires with different construction stakeholders and focus groups with 9 construction engineers. The study first identifies the advantages and limitation of offsite construction. Second, it highlights the factors influencing decisions on the use of prework. Then, it presents and describes a computerized tool to aid project teams in the decision-making process. Finally, the decision-making tool was tested and with construction practitioners on three different case studies. They validate that the developed framework and tool are useful and effective in the decision-making process
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Mihoub, Alaeddine. „Apprentissage statistique de modèles de comportement multimodal pour les agents conversationnels interactifs“. Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT079/document.
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L'interaction face-à-face représente une des formes les plus fondamentales de la communication humaine. C'est un système dynamique multimodal et couplé – impliquant non seulement la parole mais de nombreux segments du corps dont le regard, l'orientation de la tête, du buste et du corps, les gestes faciaux et brachio-manuels, etc – d'une grande complexité. La compréhension et la modélisation de ce type de communication est une étape cruciale dans le processus de la conception des agents interactifs capables d'engager des conversations crédibles avec des partenaires humains. Concrètement, un modèle de comportement multimodal destiné aux agents sociaux interactifs fait face à la tâche complexe de générer un comportement multimodal étant donné une analyse de la scène et une estimation incrémentale des objectifs conjoints visés au cours de la conversation. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer des modèles de comportement multimodal pour permettre aux agents artificiels de mener une communication co-verbale pertinente avec un partenaire humain. Alors que l'immense majorité des travaux dans le domaine de l'interaction humain-agent repose essentiellement sur des modèles à base de règles, notre approche se base sur la modélisation statistique des interactions sociales à partir de traces collectées lors d'interactions exemplaires, démontrées par des tuteurs humains. Dans ce cadre, nous introduisons des modèles de comportement dits "sensori-moteurs", qui permettent à la fois la reconnaissance des états cognitifs conjoints et la génération des signaux sociaux d'une manière incrémentale. En particulier, les modèles de comportement proposés ont pour objectif d'estimer l'unité d'interaction (IU) dans laquelle sont engagés de manière conjointe les interlocuteurs et de générer le comportement co-verbal du tuteur humain étant donné le comportement observé de son/ses interlocuteur(s). Les modèles proposés sont principalement des modèles probabilistes graphiques qui se basent sur les chaînes de markov cachés (HMM) et les réseaux bayésiens dynamiques (DBN). Les modèles ont été appris et évalués – notamment comparés à des classifieurs classiques – sur des jeux de données collectés lors de deux différentes interactions face-à-face. Les deux interactions ont été soigneusement conçues de manière à collecter, en un minimum de temps, un nombre suffisant d'exemplaires de gestion de l'attention mutuelle et de deixis multimodale d'objets et de lieux. Nos contributions sont complétées par des méthodes originales d'interprétation et d'évaluation des propriétés des modèles proposés. En comparant tous les modèles avec les vraies traces d'interactions, les résultats montrent que le modèle HMM, grâce à ses propriétés de modélisation séquentielle, dépasse les simples classifieurs en terme de performances. Les modèles semi-markoviens (HSMM) ont été également testé et ont abouti à un meilleur bouclage sensori-moteur grâce à leurs propriétés de modélisation des durées des états. Enfin, grâce à une structure de dépendances riche apprise à partir des données, le modèle DBN a les performances les plus probantes et démontre en outre la coordination multimodale la plus fidèle aux évènements multimodaux originauxFace to face interaction is one of the most fundamental forms of human communication. It is a complex multimodal and coupled dynamic system involving not only speech but of numerous segments of the body among which gaze, the orientation of the head, the chest and the body, the facial and brachiomanual movements, etc. The understanding and the modeling of this type of communication is a crucial stage for designing interactive agents capable of committing (hiring) credible conversations with human partners. Concretely, a model of multimodal behavior for interactive social agents faces with the complex task of generating gestural scores given an analysis of the scene and an incremental estimation of the joint objectives aimed during the conversation. The objective of this thesis is to develop models of multimodal behavior that allow artificial agents to engage into a relevant co-verbal communication with a human partner. While the immense majority of the works in the field of human-agent interaction (HAI) is scripted using ruled-based models, our approach relies on the training of statistical models from tracks collected during exemplary interactions, demonstrated by human trainers. In this context, we introduce "sensorimotor" models of behavior, which perform at the same time the recognition of joint cognitive states and the generation of the social signals in an incremental way. In particular, the proposed models of behavior have to estimate the current unit of interaction ( IU) in which the interlocutors are jointly committed and to predict the co-verbal behavior of its human trainer given the behavior of the interlocutor(s). The proposed models are all graphical models, i.e. Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN). The models were trained and evaluated - in particular compared with classic classifiers - using datasets collected during two different interactions. Both interactions were carefully designed so as to collect, in a minimum amount of time, a sufficient number of exemplars of mutual attention and multimodal deixis of objects and places. Our contributions are completed by original methods for the interpretation and comparative evaluation of the properties of the proposed models. By comparing the output of the models with the original scores, we show that the HMM, thanks to its properties of sequential modeling, outperforms the simple classifiers in term of performances. The semi-Markovian models (HSMM) further improves the estimation of sensorimotor states thanks to duration modeling. Finally, thanks to a rich structure of dependency between variables learnt from the data, the DBN has the most convincing performances and demonstrates both the best performance and the most faithful multimodal coordination to the original multimodal events
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Ionascu, Alexandra A. „Les élites politiques et la prise de décision gouvernementale: considérations sur le cas roumain, 1989-2007“. Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210401.
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Variable plutôt ignorée au niveau de la littérature portant sur l’analyse du parti au gouvernement, les élites exécutives, leurs trajectoires politiques et leurs expériences de socialisation peuvent constituer une explication alternative pour l’articulation de l’activité des exécutifs. Par le biais d’une étude de cas, portant sur les élites politiques en Roumanie postcommuniste, la recherche procède à une interrogation concernant l’impact des acteurs individuels sur la formulation des politiques publiques et la coordination de l’activité gouvernementale. De la sorte, menée d’une manière constructiviste, la recherche suscite la délimitation d’une série de réponses à la question :Comment les trajectoires politiques des ministres et des secrétaires d’Etat influent-elles sur la prise de décision gouvernementale en Roumanie postcommuniste ?L’influence des élites gouvernementales est analysée sur deux grands axes de recherche :(1) une dimension qui vise les relations qui se forgent entre les acteurs au niveau organisationnel –institutionnel et (2) une dimension qui porte sur le contenu même des politiques entamées. D’une manière compréhensive, intégrant plusieurs approches centrées sur les élites, le cadre analytique imbrique les effets estimés au niveau du parti et les effets établis au niveau du fonctionnement des exécutifs.
Les conclusions de la thèse soulignent l’importance du profil des acteurs gouvernementaux dans la coordination de l’activité des exécutifs durant la période 1989-2007. L’expérience politique des acteurs, tout comme leur position dans le parti sont des facteurs essentiels dans la définition des degrés d’autonomie décisionnelle et des marges de liberté dont les gouvernants disposent dans la création des politiques. L’étude met en exergue le fait que cette caractéristique décrivant l'existence d'un impact direct des acteurs individuels sur le caractère collégial, consensuel ou conflictuel de l’activité du cabinet, tout comme leur influence sur la réalisation du programme gouvernemental ne constituent pas une idiosyncrasie de la transition démocratique, mais un modèle de comportement consolidé dans le cas des exécutifs roumains.
Doctorat en sciences politiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Wu, Yan. „Ordering decisions and coordination in supply chains a behavioral perspective /“. 2006. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1547/index.html.
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Rybakov, Konstantin. „Essays on matching : N-lateral matching with K decisions and matching with coordination frictions“. 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370787&T=F.
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