Dissertationen zum Thema „Coordination des actions“
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1
Willaime, Quentin. „Costly Remedial Actions Coordination“. Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-253198.
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The energy sector is evolving and the role of the Transmission System Operator (TSO)must adapt to these new changes. In fact, the energy transition modies both the natureof the production sources by integrating intermittent energies and the classical structureof the grid, going from a centralized topology to a distributed topology.In this particular context, the TSO has to balance production and demand while ensuringthat the system is operated in a safe and optimal manner. These new challengescan not be achieved by independently, it is necessary to introduce a strong coordinationand collaboration between European members. This desire to co-ordinate the operatingmethods of the system on a European scale as well as to harmonize the market in orderto favor exchanges, is pushed by the European Commission in the form of NetworkCodes. In order to maximize the exchanges between bidding zones, it is necessary tocalculate the available exchange capacity and assess potential risks for the grid by conductingjoint analyzes between neighboring countries. If there is a risk of congestion on anetwork element because of an excessive exchange between TSO, it is possible to managethis overload by activating measures called Remedial Actions.The legal framework requiresTSOs to establish a detailed coordination methodology for Capacity Calculation,Common Security Analyzes and activation of Remedial Actions.In addition, the activation of RA often leads to a signicant cost for the TSO concerned.These congestion management costs may arise especially in particular situations of highdemand, poorly estimated production or modied topology due to a fault. Given thatthese risks of congestions are sometimes induced by neighboring bidding zones, it isnecessary to also foresee a methodology for sharing these costs so as not to penalize theTSOs polluted by their neighbors.This thesis provides a detailed description of this process for a particular region ofEurope. Indeed, the region linking the west center to the east center is the heart ofthe European network and trade. This particular position induces many dicultiesand dierent methodologies to answer them. During this project I was led to analyzethese possibilities on dierent scenarios, propose improvements or new approaches. Inparticular, this report highlights the factors that have a strong inuence on the sharingof Remedial Actions costs in order to allow the TSOs members of this region to have abetter visibility and transparency on the consequences of such a methodology.Energisektorn utvecklas och Transmissionssystemoperatörens roll måste anpassas tilldessa nya förändringar. Faktum är att energitransitionen ändrar både produktionen av produktionskällorna genom att integrera intermittenta energier och den klassiska strukturen i nätet, från en centraliserad topologi till en distribuerad topologi. I detta speciella sammanhang måste TSO balansera produktion och efterfrågan medan ensäkerställa att systemet drivs på ett säkert och optimalt sätt. Dessa nya utmaningar kan inte uppnås oberoende, det är nödvändigt att införa ett starkt koordinerande samarbete mellan europeiska medlemmar. Denna önskan om att samordna systemets driftsmetoder på europeisk nivå samt att harmonisera marknaden för att främja utbyten drivs av Europeiska kommissionen i form av NetworkCodes. För att maximera utbytena mellan budgivningszonerna är det nödvändigt att beräkna den tillgängliga utbytesförmågan och bedöma potentiella risker för nätet genom att genomföra gemensamma analyser mellan grannländerna. Om det finns risk för trängsel på anetwork-elementet på grund av en överdriven växling mellan TSO, är det möjligt att hantera överbelastning genom att vidta åtgärder som kallas Remedial Actions. Den rättsliga ramen kräver att TSO: erna upprättar en detaljerad samordningsmetodik för kapacitetsberäkning, gemensam säkerhet Analyser och aktivering av avhjälpande åtgärder. Vidare leder aktiveringen av RA ofta till en betydande kostnad för den berörda TSO. Dessa kostnader för hantering av överbelastning kan uppstå speciellt i speciella situationer av highdemand, dålig uppskattad produktion eller modifierad topologi på grund av ett fel. Med tanke på att dessa risker för trängsel orsakas ibland av angränsande budgivningszoner är det nödvändigt att även förutse en metod för att dela dessa kostnader för att inte bestraffa dem som förorenas av sina grannar. Denna avhandling ger en detaljerad beskrivning av denna process för en viss region i Europa. Faktum är att regionen som kopplar västcentrum till östcentrum är hjärtat av det europeiska nätverket och handeln. Denna speciella position inducerar många svårigheter och olika metoder för att svara på dem. Under detta projekt ledde jag till att analysera möjligheter i olika scenarier, föreslå förbättringar eller nya tillvägagångssätt. I synnerhet betonar denna rapport de faktorer som har ett starkt inflytande på delningen av kostnaderna för avhjälpande åtgärder för att tillåta TSO: s medlemmar i denna region att ha bättre synlighet och insyn om konsekvenserna av ensådan metod.
2
Sinani, Charikleia. „Planning of actions in children with and without developmental coordination disorder“. Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485265.
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The overall goal of this study was to explore the nature of planning in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DeD) using non-Representational and Representational gestures and praxis imagery. This goal was addressed three core aims which were: i) to compare the nature of praxic performance between two groups of children with OeD; one selected from schools (sDCD) and another from clinics (cOCO) with typically developing age-matched children (AMC); ii) to allow a direct comparison of praxic performance between sDCD and cOCO groups and iii) to compare the nature of praxic performance between the two DCD groups with two younger typically developing groups. A number of specific objectives examined the variables that affected the outcomes. These variables were related to: i) task difficulty and scoring systems ii) the description of the categories and single errors produced in representational gestures and iii) additional factors distinguished sOCD and cDeD groups on motor and educational profile, emotional and social behaviour. Overall the assessments indicated that oeD children have a deficiency in planning, with evidence of problems in execution. Poor organization of their body in time and space predominantly characterize their problems with strong signs of spatial disorganization suggestive of mental representation and visuoperceptual problems, and perhaps memory problems. The cOCO group showed a more severe profile across measurements cqmpared to the sOCD group and comparisons with younger groups indicated developmental delay without excluding pathology that was more likely to be the case for the cOeD group.
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Tran-Tu-Yen, Delphine. „Coordination des actions et des habitudes : approche neurocomportementale chez le rat“. Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14178/document.
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: Mon travail de thèse a porté sur l’étude neurocomportementale des actions et des habitudes chez le Rat. En effet, lors d’un apprentissage opérant la réponse peut être acquise selon deux systèmes associatifs. Le premier dépend d’une représentation des conséquences de la réponse, le second d’une association plus « simple » entre le stimulus et la réponse. Un premier axe de recherche a consisté à étudier plusieurs paramètres du conditionnement, afin de déterminer leur influence sur le contrôle de la réponse instrumentale par un système plutôt que l’autre. Le deuxième axe de recherche a porté sur l’étude des substrats neuronaux impliqués dans l’acquisition et l’expression d’une action, par l’intermédiaire de techniques d’inactivation cérébrale et d’étude immuno-histochimique de l’expression génique de la protéine FosPrevious research has established that instrumental conditioning, in both primates and rats, is mediated by two concurrent associative systems. In early stages of training, instrumental response is thought to be mediated by an association between the action and the outcome (A-O). While training proceeds however, as the response becomes less sensible to the outcome value, it is conceived as being mediated by an association between thestimulus and the response (S-R). Recent evidences suggest that the both systems operate in tandem and/or competition from the beginning of training. This work aimed at studying the mechanisms that coordinate the control of the instrumental response by the goal-directedsystem or the habit system. A first batch of results indicates no effect of the amount of training sessions on the goal-directed nature of the conditioned instrumental response. Indeed,the outcome devaluations by CTA or selective satiety reduced the instrumental performances,independently of the training procedure applied. The instrumental responses resulting from our 3 training procedures depend of an actualized representation of their outcomes. A secondbatch of results indicates that information about the context of instrumental conditioning isincluded in the incentive representation of the outcome. Indeed, we observed no sensitivity tooutcome devaluation when devaluation occurred outside the training context. These results offer new original hypotheses about context encoding and the nature of instrumental responding. A third batch of experiments investigates the role of the prelimbic cortex in acquisition vs. expression of goal-directed instrumental behaviour, using reversible neuronal inactivation. The results show that the prelimbic cortex plays a transient but crucial role in theacquisition of goal-directed responding and that the A-O and S-R systems can operate in a competitive fashion early in training. Using ex-vivo imaging, a last batch of experiments aimed to study the temporal cerebral activation throughout instrumental training with a focuson prefrontal and striatal regions. Results show levels of Fos expression that vary with regions. At the beginning of conditioning, the density of Fos positive nuclei is high in the prefrontal regions. It decreases with training. Labelling is denser in the dorsomedial striatumthan in the dorsolateral striatum. The weak activation in the dorsolateral striatum appears consistent with the absence of habit. These data are in accordance with data of the literature concerning dynamics of activation in cortico-striatal circuits. Furthermore, they are in agreement with the suggestion that activity in the prelimbic cortex could promote the acquisition of goal-directed action by the induction of neuronal plasticity in the dorsal striatum
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Bolton, Björn, und Axel Jakobsson. „Business Intelligence: Transforming Intelligence into Actions“. Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354890.
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Business Intelligence (BI) is a topic that has attracted attention from both researchers and practitioners. Despite BI's promising possibilities, few organizations are able to transform BI-insights into actions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand: How organizations can transform BI insights into actions, and which capabilities impact this transformation. In order to obtain this understanding, a case-study was conducted. We interviewed six consultants from leading consultancy firms, and a practitioner who uses BI on a daily basis. Prior to this, the authors reviewed previous BI literature which suggests that BI needs to be combined with capabilities for employees to utilize BI. Microfoundations was used as a theoretical framework to identify important capabilities and how they relate to BI. The findings distinguished specific capabilities that impacts the ability to utilize BI. Capabilities such as communication, sponsorship, culture, and clear strategies & goals, are important in order to better take advantage of BI. The conclusions are that hard skills (e.g. technical competencies), education and experience among the employees may not be as crucial as previously thought. This is because BI-systems are becoming more intuitive and easier to use.
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Lújan, Jose Luis. „Automated optimal coordination of multiple-degree-of-freedom musculoskeletal actions in feedforward neuroprostheses“. online version, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=case1165011349.
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Ricken, Annieck Xandra Catherina. „Reaching a solution : coordination of interceptive actions in children with spastic hemiparetic cerebral palsy“. Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420256.
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Lujan, Jose Luis. „AUTOMATED OPTIMAL COORDINATION OF MULTIPLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM MUSCULOSKELETAL ACTIONS IN FEED-FORWARD NEUROPROSTHESES“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1165011349.
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Gu, Yanjia. „Limits to temporal synchronization in fundamental hand and finger actions“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16313.
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Coordinated movement is critical not only to sports technique and performance but to daily living and as such represents a fundamental area of research. Coordination requires being able to produce the right actions at the right time and has to incorporate perception, cognition, and forceful neuro-muscular interaction with the environment. Coordinated movements of the hands and fingers are some of the most complex activities undertaken where continuous learning and adaptation take place, but the temporal variability of the most basic movement components is still unknown. This thesis investigates the extent of temporal variability in the execution of four different simple hand and finger coordination tasks, with the purpose to find the various intrinsic temporal variability which limit the ability to coordinate the hands in space and time. Study one showed that in a synchronized bi-lateral two finger tapping test (<<1 cm movement to target) the best participant had a temporaltiming variability of 4.8 ms whereas the largest time variability could be as high as 24.8 ms. No obvious improvement was found after transfer practice, whereas the average time variability for asynchronized tapping decreased from 62.1 ms to 30.3 ms after instructed practice indicating a likely change in task grouping. Study two showed that in a unilateral thumb-index finger pinch and release test, the largest mean timing variability was 12 ms for pinching irrespective of performing the task in a slow alert manner or at a faster speed. However, the mean temporal variability for release was only 6.3 ms when the task was performed in a more alert manner and indicates that release is more accurately controlled temporally than grip. Study three suggested that in a unilateral sagittal plane throwing action of the lower arm and hand, that elbow and wrist coordination for dynamic index finger tip location was better with a radial-ulnar deviation, darts-type, throwing action than a wrist flexor-extensor type action, basketball free throw type action (the mean variability was 37.5 ms and 27.2 ms, respectively). Study four compared the variability in bi-lateral finger tapping between voluntary tapping and involuntary finger contraction tapping. Electrically stimulated neural contractions had significantly lower force onset variability than voluntary or direct magnetic stimulation of muscles (6 ms, 9.5 ms, and 10.3 ms for electrically stimulated, voluntary and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stimulated contraction). This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the temporal variability in various fundamental digital movement tasks that can aid with the understanding of basic human coordination in sporting, daily living and clinical areas.
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Flindall, Jason. „Manual asymmetries in the kinematics of reach-to-grasp actions“. Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology and Physical Education, c2012, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3359.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate manual asymmetries in the reach-to-grasp movement based on two hypotheses: 1) manual asymmetries are resultant from asymmetries in the dorsal vision-for-action system; and 2) manual asymmetries are contingent on task difficulty. Participants grasped glasses of water under different visual-feedback conditions. Demand was manipulated by varying the level of the water contained in the glass. Hand asymmetries of the reach-to-grasp movement were studied through kinematic analyses. Visual feedback availability and task demand affected all kinematic measures. Manual asymmetries were found in peak velocity, movement time, and variability of maximum grip aperture. Consistent with reach-to-point literature, reach-to-grasp actions were faster and more accurate when performed with the right hand and when guided by the dorsal vision-for-action system. The results of the thesis provide support for a theory of left-hemisphere specialization for the visual control of actions.xiv, 121 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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Tabbara, Amer. „Les actions de groupe dans le contentieux international“. Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D017.
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La régulation du contentieux international des actions de groupe constitue le prolongement dans l'ordre international des fonctions poursuivies par une action de groupe dans l'ordre interne -l'accès en justice, l'efficacité économique et la régulation des marchés - et vise à assurer la sécurité juridique, la prévisibilité et l 'harmonie internationale des solutions ; objectifs également partagés par le droit international privé. Cette régulation s'avère pourtant difficile et complexe, notamment en raison de la concurrence exercée par les ordres juridiques en matière de redressement des dommages de masse, et de l'inadéquation des méthodes et instruments de droit international privé à la résolution d'un contentieux complexe, impliquant une multitude de parties et présentant une forte dimension régulatoire. La globalisation du contentieux international des actions de groupe soulève donc des questions complexes de conflits de juridictions, de conflits de lois, de coordination de procédures ainsi que de reconnaissance et d'exécution des décisions.C'est à ces questions complexes que cette thèse propose de répondre. Les solutions proposées tiennent compte des intérêts enchevêtrés que revêt le contentieux de groupe international, et visent essentiellement à prévenir des hypothèses de sous-régulation et de sur-régulation susceptibles d'empoisonner aujourd'hui le contentieux de masse internationalThe regulation of international disputes arising out of group actions consists of safeguarding the functions underlying a domestic group action procedure in the context of international litigation (i.e. access to justice, economic efficiency and market regulation). It also aims to ensure the legal certainty, the predictability and harmony of solutions; the latters are objectives also pursued by the rules of private international law. Such regulation reveals difficult to achieve, in light of the competition arising between the legal systems in relation to the redress of global mass damages and the failure of private international law methods and instruments to address complex disputes putting at stake large number of parties and having a strong regulatory dimension. Thus, the globalisation of group actions disputes raises complex questions of conflicts of jurisdictions, conflicts of laws, coordination of procedures and enforcement of decisions.This PhD dissertation aims at addressing all these complex questions. The suggested solutions take into account the intertwined interests underlying disputes arising out of international group actions and aim essentially to prevent the current intoxication of international mass litigation resulting from the occurrence of situations of under-regulation and overregulation
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Ba, Tapsirou Bocar. „Les problèmes de coordination entre actions internationales et politiques nationales contre les fléaux sanitaires : le cas du Sénégal“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0048/document.
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La lutte contre les fléaux sanitaires enregistre un nombre pléthorique d’acteurs, opérant avec des instruments et des stratégies différents. Cette pluralité d’acteurs et d’instruments affecte la cohérence du cadre organico-fonctionel de protection du droit à la santé et pose un véritable défi de coordination. Notre étude axée sur le cas spécifique du Sénégal, interroge les mécanismes actuels de coordination qui ont montré leurs limites à l’épreuve de la pratique, tant au niveau national qu’international. Dans l’ordre interne sénégalais, l’impératif de coordination des actions sanitaires est plus affirmé que traduit dans la réalité. Au niveau international, les multiples dispositifs de coordination se caractérisent par une approche statique, largement dépassée par les réalités complexes du droit de la santé. Cette thèse se propose de dépasser l’approche statique pour une stratégie dynamique de la coordination, centrée sur le mécanisme de régulation. Plus adaptée aux déséquilibres qui caractérisent le cadre de protection du droit à la santé, la coordination-régulation que nous avons retenue, s’attachera à assurer une bonne articulation entre le principe de la responsabilité et la gouvernance sanitaire pour une plus grande efficacité des actions sanitaires dans les États en développement, à travers l’exemple du Sénégal.Mots clés : Coordination, Sénégal, OMS, fragmentation des actions sanitaires, droit à la santé, ONG, approche verticale, approche systémique, efficacité, efficience, gouvernance sanitaire, responsabilité sanitaire, régulation, déséquilibres, médecine traditionnelle, approche dynamique, fléaux sanitaires, politiques nationales, télémédecineStrategies. This plurality of actors and instruments affects the coherence of the organic-functional framework for the protection of the right to health and poses a real coordination challenge. Our study focuses on the specific case of Senegal, questions the current coordination mechanisms that have shown their limits to the test of practice, both nationally and internationally. In the Senegalese internal order, the imperative coordination of health actions, although present in speeches and texts, is insufficiently translated into reality. At the international level, the multiple coordination mechanisms are characterized by a static approach that has been largely overtaken by the new realities of health law. This thesis offers to go beyond a static approach for a dynamic strategy of coordination, centered on the regulation mechanism. More adapted to the imbalances that characterize the framework of protection of the right to health, the coordination -regulation will seek to ensure a good articulation between the principle of the responsibility and the sanitary governance for a greater effectiveness of the sanitary actions in the States in development, through the example of Senegal
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Dione, Mariama. „Executive abilities for the planning of sequential motor actions performed under time and space constraints : a visuo-spatial tapping task“. Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30022/document.
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Dans un environnement en constant changement, les fonctions exécutives (FRE) nous permettent d'organiser l'information en provenance de sources multiples, de s'adapter à des situations sociales complexes et d'inhiber les comportements inappropriés. Les recherches sur le fonctionnement exécutif ont été initiées en neuropsychologie, après avoir observé chez des patients frontaux, des difficultés à organiser leurs comportements quotidiens sans pour autant présenter de difficultés de langage ou de mémoire. Un grand nombre de tests neuropsychologiques sont disponibles afin d'évaluer les FE. Cependant, ces tests sont souvent critiqués pour leur complexité et leur manque de validité de construction. Le champ des FE manque en réalité de modèles théoriques précis qui permettraient de décrire ces fonctions et leurs potentielles interactions pour le contrôle des comportements complexes. En conséquence, les tâches sont souvent construites de manière intuitive, dans le présent travail de thèse, après revue d'un état de l'art sur les FE (Ch1), je propose une nouvelle tâche, le spatial-tapping, qui pourrait être utilisée en remplacement des tâches classiques complexes (Ch2). Je promeus également le potentiel de cette tâche à être utilisée dans des contextes cliniques (Ch3). Je présente finalement comment les analyses réalisées pour le spatial-tapping afin d'étudier les FE peuvent être transférées à des situations motrices plus complexes, comme la coordination bi-manuelle (Ch4). En conclusion, les résultats présentés dans ce travail de thèse sont en faveur de l'idée selon laquelle notre organisation mentale reflète la manière dont on organise nos mouvementsIn a constant changing environment, executive abilities allow us to organize sensory information of multiple sources and to adapt to diverse stuations while at the same time inhibiting inappropriate behaviors. research on the executive functions (EFS) have historical roots on neuropsychology, with the description of frontal patients that were showing disruptions in organizing their daily behaviors independently of any impairment in memory, language or general intelligence. A wide range of neuropsychological tools is used today to evaluate executive abilities : tower of London for planning, go-no-go for inhibition, etc. However, the classical tasks often present methodological limitations and they lack of correpondence between process and behavior. Furthermore, the field lacks of a compelling theory that make links between the EFS themselves. The present PHD work was an attempt to propose a novel task to assess the EFS in the place of the classical batteries of neuropsychological tasks. After offering an overview of the EF literature and presenting simple motor tasks that seem to target similar EFS than those described in neuropsychology (Ch1), I present the spatial-tapping task as a challenging paradigm to understand the relationships between the different EFS (Ch2), and its potential to be used in clinical settings (Ch3). The I present how a similar approach can be used to investigate how EFS intervenes in the control of more complex motor sequences, E.G. bi-manual tasks (Ch4). Overall, the results presented here support an emboided perspective of cognition with mental organization reflecting the way one plans motor sequences for adaptive behavior
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Chapelain, Amandine. „Hand preferences in bonobos (Pan paniscus) for a variety of actions : spontaneous daily actions (non-social and social), bimanual coordination (tube task), tool-use (termite fishing) and induced gestures (begging)“. Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7273.
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The database on hand preferences in non-human primates provides inconsistent and inconclusive findings, and is plagued by gaps and methodological issues. I studied hand preferences in the bonobo, which is a very interesting model for investigating evolutionary hypotheses on human handedness. There are few previous data on bonobos and they are from small samples and for relatively simple tasks. I studied a large sample of 94 bonobos in three zoos and one sanctuary, on a variety of actions. Five studies were performed to record: 1. hand use for spontaneous daily actions (non-social). 2. hand use for the tube task , a task that requires a manipulative bimanual coordinated precise action. 3. hand use for using a stick as a probe ( termite fishing ). 4. hand use for spontaneous social actions and gestures, recorded during their social interactions (intra-specific) and during interactions with humans (inter-specific). 5. hand use for induced begging gestures (begging for food from the observer). The results show significant manual laterality in almost all the behaviours studied. The hand preferences were present on an individual basis. The numbers of right-handed and left-handed individuals were similar, indicating no group-level bias, for any of the actions studied. There was no significant effect of the settings, rearing history, sex and age (except in study 2 where adults were more right-handed than younger subjects). I examined different factors that have been proposed as selective pressures for the emergence of handedness. Laterality was influenced by: postural demands (posture, activity of the other hand), precision, grip type, manipulation or bimanual coordination, tool-use, throwing, communication. Notably, the laterality was very marked for the tube task , the termite fishing task and the begging experiment, which suggests that the factors involved in these tasks could be important factors regarding laterality.
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Petit, Olivier. „De la coordination des actions individuelles aux formes de l'action collective : une exploration des modes de gouvernance des eaux souterraines“. Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00386474.
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Afin de prévenir la surexploitation des eaux souterraines et de résoudre les conflits d'usage, deux solutions ont traditionnellement été proposées par les économistes : le marché et l'Etat. Aujourd'hui, compte tenu de l'implication croissante des usagers dans la gestion de l'eau, une telle dichotomie ne semble plus opérante. Face à cette mutation, notre recherche vise à reconsidérer la gouvernance des eaux souterraines, dans une perspective de développement durable. Nous appelons gouvernance, le compromis qui s'établit entre la coordination des actions individuelles (approche marchande) et deux formes distinctes d'action collective que nous dénommons action collective d'intérêt public (intervention publique) et action collective d'intérêt communautaire. La coordination des actions individuelles est analysée sous l'angle d'une critique de la théorie des droits de propriété et de la ‘‘nouvelle économie des ressources'', puis par le biais d'une confrontation de points de vue sur le fonctionnement des marchés de l'eau. Par ailleurs, l'examen attentif de l'action collective d'intérêt public nous permet d'identifier trois formes distinctes : hiérarchique, incitative et participative. Nous engageons ensuite une réflexion sur l'action collective d'intérêt communautaire, en mobilisant conjointement l'institutionnalisme et le courant de la propriété commune. L'étude de la gouvernance des eaux souterraines en France (et plus particulièrement de la nappe de Beauce) révèle la nécessité d'organiser l'information et de favoriser la communication au sein des communautés d'usagers. A cette fin, nous proposons la construction et l'utilisation du logiciel NAPTIC, qui cherche à confronter les valeurs et les pratiques, pour accompagner la concertation sur la gouvernance durable des eaux souterraines.
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Hittinger, Bérangère. „Le travail collectif à travers les actions collectives, les processus de coordination et les manifestations de soutien social : le cas de binômes d'opérateurs du transport routier de marchandises“. Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20010/document.
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Le secteur du transport routier de marchandises a une position importante dans l’économie française. Au cœur des métiers du transport, l’exploitant planifie les tournées que le conducteur routier exécute. Ces deux métiers travaillent en interdépendance. Ces opérateurs peuvent être confrontés à une multitude de risques professionnels : physiques, psychosociaux... Les questions relatives à la prévention de leurs risques professionnels sont importantes à considérer. Ce doctorat propose d’aborder la question de la santé des exploitants et des conducteurs à partir de leur activité collective qui peut être ou non protectrice de leur santé. Pour ce faire, notre objectif est de comprendre les mécanismes à l’origine de l’activité collective des opérateurs dans des situations de faibles et fortes distances professionnelles et physiques. Les effets de l’activité collective sur la santé des opérateurs sont analysés à partir du soutien social. La méthode proposée repose sur une démarche ergonomique d’analyse de l’activité à partir d’observations sur le terrain et de protocoles verbaux. Nous proposons trois études de cas dans lesquelles varient les degrés des distances professionnelles et physiques. La première étude de cas a permis de caractériser l’activité collective, les processus de coordination nécessaires à cette activité, ainsi que le soutien social chez des exploitants confrontés à une forte distance professionnelle et ceci en forte et faible distance physique. La deuxième étude porte sur les mêmes concepts que précédemment mais cette fois, chez des exploitants présentant une faible distance professionnelle. Enfin, la troisième étude souligne les liens entre la coordination et le soutien social dans l’activité collective d’exploitants et de conducteurs, se réalisant exclusivement en situation de forte distance professionnelle et physique. Les résultats principaux montrent que les formes et degrés de distance affectent l’activité collective de façon différente : si des liens sont observés entre les actions collectives et la distance physique chez des opérateurs en forte distance professionnelle ; une absence de ces liens est relevée chez des opérateurs en faible distance professionnelle. Par ailleurs, le soutien social qui s’exprime majoritairement comme une ressource pour les opérateurs dans les trois études, se révèle comme une contrainte dans certaines de leurs situations de travailThe transportation of goods is a key position in the French economy. The transport operator plans the rounds and the truck driver goes these rounds. There is a mutual interdependence in their work. These operators can be faced with several occupational risks: physical, psychosocial…Regarding their health prevention, questions are strategic. This doctoral thesis aims to consider the question of operator’s health with regard to their collective activity. The objective is to understand the origins of operator’s collective activity on professional and physical distance. The effects of collective activity on the health will be analysed from the social support. The proposed method consists on an ergonomic approach of activity with field observations and oral agreements. There are three studies case in which levels of professional and physical distances differ. The first study case characterized the collective activity, the coordination process and social support on operators faced with strong professional distance and small and strong physical distance. The second study case is on the same approach than the first but this time operators are faced with small professional distance. Lastly, the third study case emphasizes the connections between coordination and social support on operator’s collective activity with strong professional and physical distance. The main results indicate that all forms and levels of distance affect collective activity differently. Indeed, we can note that there is a link between collective actions and physical distance on operators with a strong professional distance. However, these links on operators with a small professional distance are absent. Otherwise, social support represents mostly a resource for the operators in these three studies. Nevertheless, it appears to be a constraint on particular work situation
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Munck, Mariana Gomes Musetti. „Concepções organizacionais e os constrangimentos ao processo de formação e aprendizagem: um estudo à luz do agir organizacional“. Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3136/tde-01072009-121438/.
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As organizações se encontram em ambientes de gradativa competitividade. Conscientiza-se que as respostas a esse cenário passam pelas competências que renovam o aprendizado e por ele são renovadas. Pessoas competentes no sentido de inovar e lidar com imprevistos são cada vez mais exigidas em lugar de pessoas que respondam adequadamente a desafios previstos. Percebe-se que a estrutura e a forma de organizações adotadas favorecem ou prejudicam o aprendizado nessa direção. Este trabalho pretende evidenciar essa relação fazendo uso da perspectiva proposta por Maggi (2006), o agir organizacional, na qual as organizações são vistas como um processo de ações e decisões dinâmico e com possibilidades efetivas de intervenção por parte dos indivíduos. Antes, discutem-se três pontos de vista ou formas de ver a organização para analisar seus constrangimentos à aprendizagem e, conseqüentemente, suas conseqüências. Além disso, buscou-se relacionar os processos de cooperação e coordenação, bem como a coordenação do processo de desenvolvimento de ações em relação à formação. Temas como autonomia, discricionariedade, heteronomia e processo decisório permearam o estudo. Por fim, analisaram-se os constrangimentos que cada concepção de organização impõe sobre os processos de aprendizagem e, a partir daí, discutiu-se as contribuições do agir para a aprendizagem organizacional. Utilizou-se como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de caso, realizado em um hospital universitário, especificamente em sua diretoria de enfermagem, por apresentar características próximas da economia de serviços e que, por isso, exigiria a postura proposta pelo agir organizacional. Os resultados demonstraram uma vinculação forte das práticas de aprendizagem, bem como das ações de formação com as características de formação apresentadas pelas diferentes concepções organizacionais apresentadas por Maggi (2006).The corporations are in environments of gradual competitiveness. It has been assumed that the answers to this scenario pass through the competences that renew the learning and are renewed by it. Competent people in the sense of innovating and dealing with the unpredictable are more and more needed replacing those who answer adequately to the predictable challenges. Its apparent that the structure and the form of organization adopted favor or damage the learning towards this direction. This report intends to make this relation evident by using the perspective proposed by Maggi (2006), the organizational behaving, in which the organizations are seen as a dynamic process of actions and decisions and effective possibilities of intervention coming from the individuals. Before, its discussed three points of view or forms of seeing the organization to analyze its embarrassments to the learning and, therefore, its consequences. Besides, it has been tried to relate the processes of cooperation and coordination, as well as the coordination of the developing of actions process in relation to the formation. Themes like autonomy, discretionarity, heteronomy, and decision process are within the study. At last, it has been analyzed the embarrassments that each conception of organization impose over the learning processes and, from there on, it has been discussed the contributions of the behaving in the organizational learning. It has been used as strategy of research the study of case, taken place at a university hospital, specifically in its nursing directory for presenting characteristics resembling to the economy of services and which, by its characteristics, would demand the positioning proposed by the organizational behaving. The results demonstrated a strong relationship of the nursing practices, as well as the actions of formation with the actions of formation presented by the different organizational conceptions presented by Maggi (2006).
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Nunes, Cintia. „Curiosidade e coordenações de ações : vetores da aprendizagem no ambiente escolar“. reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29936.
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Esta dissertação tem como foco o estudo do jogo empreendido entre as curiosidades e as coordenações das ações de um grupo de alunos das Séries Iniciais do Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CAp/UFRGS). A turma participante da pesquisa frequentava o 1º ano em 2009, sendo que atuei nesta turma como professora no referido ano. Em 2010, retornei à mesma turma, já no 2º ano, para a continuação da coleta de dados. Tendo a Epistemologia Genética como base teórica, meu movimento de ser professora foi constituindo-se também como de ser pesquisadora na medida em que via, nas ações dos alunos, possibilidades de compreender o percurso de seu pensamento. As questões que orientam esta pesquisa são: Como a busca ativa para satisfazer a curiosidade se desenvolve? Quais são as formas de coordenações de ações resultantes da busca ativa da curiosidade? Minha hipótese era de que ao agir em função de uma curiosidade o sujeito poderia coordenar ações que se apresentam de diferentes formas. Constatei, então, três níveis de desenvolvimento, os quais foram estabelecidos por critérios de conservação e busca pela curiosidade, apresentados pela criança. As coordenações de ações foram empreendidas nas formas de criação de pergunta, relações parte e todo, implicação significante, comparações, seriação, classificação e cooperação. Tais formas de coordenações evidenciam que operar com a curiosidade pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento infantil, o qual, neste caso, é movido pelo interesse. Com isso, as ações docentes deixam de ter um roteiro fixo para aventurar-se pelos labirintos da curiosidade infantil.This dissertation is focused in the study of the game held between the curiosities and the coordination of actions of a group of students from the Colégio de Aplicação, initial years, at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (CAp/UFRGS), in Porto Alegre, RS. The group of pupils that participated in the research was attending the 1st year in 2009 when I was working as their teacher. In 2010, I returned to the same class, this time in the 2nd year, for further data collection. Having the genetic epistemology as a theoretical basis, my movement as a teacher was being constituted along with my intent in doing school research. In that way, the actions of the students became opportunities to understand the course of their thinking. The questions that guide this research are: How the active quest to satisfy the curiosity is developed? What forms of coordination of actions arise from the active pursuit of curiosity? My hypothesis was that the act of a curiosity on the subject could coordinate actions that were themselves presented in different ways. I noted then three levels of development, which were established by the criteria of conservation and the pursuit for curiosity presented by the child. The coordination of actions were undertaken on ways of creating questions, part and whole relationships, significant implication, comparison, grading, sorting and cooperation. Such forms of coordination showed that to operate with curiosity can contribute to the child development, which in this case is driven by interest. Thus, the actions of teachers no longer have a fixed route to venture into children’s mazes of curiosity.
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Leitner, Jürgen. „From vision to actions: Towards adaptive and autonomous humanoid robots“. Thesis, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/90178/2/2014INFO020.pdf.
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Although robotics research has seen advances over the last decades robots are still not in widespread use outside industrial applications. Yet a range of proposed scenarios have robots working together, helping and coexisting with humans in daily life. In all these a clear need to deal with a more unstructured, changing environment arises. I herein present a system that aims to overcome the limitations of highly complex robotic systems, in terms of autonomy and adaptation. The main focus of research is to investigate the use of visual feedback for improving reaching and grasping capabilities of complex robots. To facilitate this a combined integration of computer vision and machine learning techniques is employed. From a robot vision point of view the combination of domain knowledge from both imaging processing and machine learning techniques, can expand the capabilities of robots. I present a novel framework called Cartesian Genetic Programming for Image Processing (CGP-IP). CGP-IP can be trained to detect objects in the incoming camera streams and successfully demonstrated on many different problem domains. The approach requires only a few training images (it was tested with 5 to 10 images per experiment) is fast, scalable and robust yet requires very small training sets. Additionally, it can generate human readable programs that can be further customized and tuned. While CGP-IP is a supervised-learning technique, I show an integration on the iCub, that allows for the autonomous learning of object detection and identification. Finally this dissertation includes two proof-of-concepts that integrate the motion and action sides. First, reactive reaching and grasping is shown. It allows the robot to avoid obstacles detected in the visual stream, while reaching for the intended target object. Furthermore the integration enables us to use the robot in non-static environments, i.e. the reaching is adapted on-the- fly from the visual feedback received, e.g. when an obstacle is moved into the trajectory. The second integration highlights the capabilities of these frameworks, by improving the visual detection by performing object manipulation actions.
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Domínguez, Vargas Adán Ulises [Verfasser], Igor [Akademischer Betreuer] Kagan, Igor [Gutachter] Kagan und Alexander [Gutachter] Gail. „The role of thalamic pulvinar in eye-hand coordination for goal-directed actions / Adán Ulises Domínguez Vargas ; Gutachter: Igor Kagan, Alexander Gail ; Betreuer: Igor Kagan“. Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149959207/34.
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Mpei, A. Fikong Harrel. „L’incidence de l’action de l’Union européenne sur l’Organisation maritime internationale : l'exemple de la pollution atmosphérique“. Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILD004.
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Le travail propose d’analyser les rapports que l’Union européenne et l’Organisation maritime internationale entretiennent dans le cadre de la lutte contre la pollution atmosphérique. L’approche retenue vise à appréhender les contours de l’incidence de l’action de l’UE sur l’OMI. Très souvent cernée sous le prisme de la confrontation, la relation des deux organisations s’inscrit dans une dynamique de complémentarité. Dans ce sens, l’action de l’Union européenne vise essentiellement à contribuer efficacement à la stratégie de production normative de l’OMI. Les répercussions des initiatives de l’organisation régionale au niveau institutionnel mettent en lumière les limites de la stratégie de l’institution spécialisée des Nations Unies. L’amélioration du cadre juridique dédié à la pollution atmosphérique implique par conséquent une « refondation » tant structurelle que fonctionnelle afin de garantir une approche inclusive de production normative nécessaire à la bonne application des règles juridiquesThis work aims to analyse the relationship between the European Union and the International Maritime Organization in the field of air pollution. The approach adopted is intended to be global in order to better understand the impact of the EU's action on the IMO. Although the relationship between the two organizations is often seen as one of confrontation, it is in fact one of complementarity. In this sense, the European Union's action aims above all to make an effective contribution to the IMO's standard-setting strategy. The repercussions of the regional organization's initiatives at institutional level highlight the limits of the United Nations specialised agency's strategy. Improving the legal framework for air pollution therefore requires a structural and functional overhaul. All of which would make it possible to guarantee an inclusive approach to standard-setting necessary for the proper application of legal rules
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Santos, Lucimar Marchi dos. „EDUCAÇÃO MUSICAL NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: CONCEPÇÕES E AÇÕES DE COORDENADORAS PEDAGÓGICAS ESCOLARES“. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2006. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6956.
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This dissertation is part of the Education and Arts research line in the Post Graduate Program in Education at the Education Center of the Federal University of Santa Maria. This research used a qualitative approach, with the application of semi-structured interviews for data collection, in order to understand the conceptions and actions of the pedagogic coordinators working inside the city schools of Santa Maria / RS. Two criteria were utilized - spatial proximity and availability to be part of the research process. I chose to interview pedagogic coordinators working in schools in Camobi, a neighborhood in Santa Maria/RS. Nine institutions matched the spatial proximity criteria, and all nine pedagogic coordinators agreed to become part of the research. This work is divided in five chapters, dealing, respectively, with (1) school democratic management, in which I consider the pedagogic coordination in the school context and in relation to the processes of administration; (2) Musical Education in the initial years, presenting aspects of Musical Education at this level of instruction, since the LDB 9.394/96 and the PCN-Arte, and approaching the role of teachers working in the initial years with the teaching of Music, as well as showing the functions music can have in school; (3) research methodology, in which I refer to the methodological paths takes to the accomplishment of this dissertation; in (4) pedagogic coordinators: brief description, there are outlines of the participants; and (5) discussion of the results, chapter in which I write about the results found by the research in relation to the intended goals.A presente dissertação insere-se na linha de pesquisa Educação e Artes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação do Centro de Educação da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Visando compreender concepções e ações de coordenadores pedagógicos, atuantes em escolas da rede municipal da cidade de Santa Maria/RS, sobre a Educação musical nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, a pesquisa realizou-se mediante enfoque qualitativo, com o uso da entrevista semi-estruturada na coleta dos dados. A construção da amostra de pesquisa ocorreu através dos critérios de proximidade espacial e disponibilidade de participação no processo de pesquisa, optando-se por entrevistar coordenadores pedagógicos atuantes em escolas localizadas no bairro Camobi de Santa Maria/RS. Nove instituições corresponderam a esse critério de proximidade espacial, sendo que todas as coordenadoras pedagógicas atuantes nas respectivas instituições aceitaram participar da pesquisa. O trabalho está dividido em cinco capítulos: (1) gestão democrática escolar, em que discorro sobre a coordenação pedagógica no contexto escolar e sua relação com os processos de gestão; (2) Educação musical nos anos iniciais, no qual apresento aspectos sobre a Educação musical neste nível de ensino, a partir da LDB 9.394/96 e do PCN-Arte, abordando sobre o papel dos professores atuantes nos anos iniciais no que se refere ao ensino de Música, assim como as funções que a música pode assumir na escola; (3) metodologia da pesquisa, onde relato os caminhos metodológicos percorridos para a realização da dissertação; faço um esboço das participantes da pesquisa em (4) as coordenadoras pedagógicas: breve retrato; (5) discussão dos resultados, capítulo no qual discuto os resultados encontrados na pesquisa, tendo em vista os objetivos propostos.
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Szymanski, Caroline. „Neural Synchronization Patterns During Interpersonal Action Coordination“. Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19293.
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In der Hyperscanning-Literatur finden sich wiederholt Befunde, die darauf hinweisen, dass synchronisierte Muster zwischen Gehirnen (inter-brain-Synchronisation) interpersonale Handlungskoordination charakterisieren. Die funktionale Bedeutung dieser Muster wird in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert. Mit einer Serie empirischer Studien untersucht diese Dissertation den Einfluss einzelner kognitiver Mechanismen auf die inter-brain-Synchronisation. Studie I untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen Aufmerksamkeit und inter-brain-Synchronisation im Kontext einer visuellen Suchaufgabe. Studie II vergleicht, mittels eines neu entwickelten experimentellen Paradigmas, bei konstanter Dynamik der motorischen Handlungen zweier Probanden reziproke und parallele interpersonale Handlungskoordination. Studie III dient der Etablierung der schwachen Wechselstromtechnologie in unserem Labor. In Studie IV werden mittels dieser Technik zwei miteinander trommelnde Probanden auf ‚die gleiche Wellenlänge‘ gebracht um einen möglichen kausalen Zusammenhangs zwischen inter-brain-Synchronisation und interpersonaler Verhaltenssynchronisation zu testen. In der übergreifenden Diskussion der Befunde meiner Studien zeige ich eine mögliche Ursache für die bisherige Unklarheit der funktionalen Rolle von inter-brain-Synchronisation auf: der Mangel einer Definition sozialer Interaktion in der Hyperscanning-Literatur. Basierend auf Theorien der interper¬sonalen Handlungskoordination führe ich eine Arbeitsdefinition sozialer Interaktion und der ihr zugrunde liegenden kognitiven Prozesse ein: Mechanismen der Aufmerksamkeit, der Handlungsvorhersage und der Handlungsreaktion. Ich schließe diese Dissertation mit der Überlegung, dass inter-brain-Synchronisation Übereinstimmungen der Handlungen und der mentalen Handlungsmodelle mehrerer Individuen reflektiert, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob diese Übereinstimmungen von gemeinsamem Handeln begleitet werden oder nicht.The literature on hyperscanning gives ample evidence that inter-brain synchronized patterns emerge during social interaction. However, it remains under debate to what extent synchronized patterns between brains serve a mechanistic function in social interaction. In this dissertation, I try to disentangle the contribution of cognitive mechanisms on inter-brain synchronized patterns with a series of empirical studies. Study I investigates the influence of modified attention on inter-brain phase synchronization during an enumeration visual search paradigm. Study II uses a novel paradigm of interpersonal action coordination. It compares reciprocal real-time coordination to parallel coordination with a common driver, while keeping behavioral dynamics comparable across conditions. Study III builds methodological expertise in transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). In Study IV, the tACS setup is extended to the simultaneous phase-locked stimulation of multiple individuals (hyper-tACS). This directly tests a potential relation between inter-brain synchronization and interpersonal synchronization performance during dyadic drumming by attempting to experimentally tune two participants’ brains more or less ‚on the same wavelength‘ using the tACS device. In discussing the results of this series of empirical studies, I suggest that the lack of a clear definition of social interaction may be at the origin of controversies about the functional role of inter-brain synchronization patterns. Building on a conceptual framework of interpersonal action coordination, I propose a working definition of social interaction and its cognitive core processes. I suggest to stop trying to disentangle inherent aspects of social interaction, such as synchronized actions, from ‚true social interaction‘ and instead to focus on the relative influence of attentive, predictive and, reactive mechanisms on inter-brain synchronization and associated behavioral dynamics.
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Kilian, Stephanie L. „Coordination of Continuous and Discrete Components of Action“. Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1403047071.
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Desanghere, Loni. „Gaze strategies in perception and action“. Experimental Brain Research, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/17898.
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When you want to pick up an object, it is usually a simple matter to reach out to its location, and accurately pick it up. Almost every action in such a sequence is guided and checked by vision, with eye movements usually preceding motor actions (Hayhoe & Ballard, 2005; Hayhoe, Shrivastava, Mruczek, & Pelz, 2003). However, most research in this area has been concerned about the sequence of movements in complex “everyday” tasks like making tea or tool use. Less emphasis has been placed on the object itself and where on it the eye and hand movements land, and how gaze behaviour is different when generating a perceptual response to that same object. For those studies that have, very basic geometric shapes have been used such as rectangles, crosses and triangles. In everyday life, however, there are a range of problems that must be computed that go beyond such simple objects. Objects typically have complex contours, different textures or surface properties, and variations in their centre of mass.
Accordingly, the primary goals in conducting this research were three fold: (1) To provide a deeper understanding of the function of gaze in perception and action when interacting with simple and complex objects (Experiments 1a, 1b, 1c); (2) To examine how gaze and grasp behaviours are influenced when you dissociate important features of an object such as the COM and the horizontal centre of the block (Experiments 2a, 2c); and (3) To explore whether perceptual biases will influence grasp and gaze behaviours (Experiment 2b).
The results from the current series of studies showed the influence of action (i.e., the potential to act) on perception in terms of where we look on an object, and vice versa, the influence of perceptual biases on action output (i.e. grasp locations). In addition, grasp locations were found to be less sensitive to COM changes than previously suggested (for example see Kleinholdermann, Brenner, Franz, & Smeets, 2007), whereas fixation locations were drawn towards the ‘visual’ COM of objects, as shown in other perceptual studies (for example see He & Kowler, 1991; Kowler & Blaser, 1995; McGowan, Kowler, Sharma, & Chubb, 1998; Melcher & Kowler, 1999; Vishwanath & Kowler, 2003, 2004; Vishwanath, Kowler, & Feldman, 2000), even when a motor response was required. The implications of these results in terms of vision for Perception and vision for Action are discussed.
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Crowston, Kevin. „Towards a coordination cookbook--recipes for multi-agent action“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13689.
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FILIPPO, DENISE DEL RE. „COORDINATION SUPPORT IN COLLABORATIVE SYSTEMS: ACTION RESEARCH WITH LEARNERS AND MEDIATORS ACTING IN DISCUSSION FORUMS IN A DISTANCE COURSE“. PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11743@1.
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EDUWEBNesta tese são investigadas ferramentas de suporte à coordenação de fóruns de discussão de cursos a distância. A pesquisa é fundamentada na aprendizagem colaborativa e do Modelo 3C de Colaboração e utiliza a pesquisaação como método de pesquisa. Num fórum realizado como uma atividade colaborativa, a aprendizagem ocorre principalmente através das trocas de mensagens entre os aprendizes, o que demanda coordenação. A coordenação nesta tese é entendida como um das 3 dimensões da colaboração evidenciadas no Modelo 3C: comunicação, coordenação e cooperação. Os resultados desta tese, que incluem dados, análises, procedimentos, reflexões e implementação dos serviços e funcionalidades investigados, foram obtidos após 3 anos de uma pesquisa- ação. Na pesquisa-ação, o pesquisador conduz a pesquisa realizando ações sucessivas que busquem reduzir um problema específico em um ambiente real. Nesta tese, o ambiente real é o curso Tecnologias de Informação Aplicadas à Educação da PUC-Rio e o problema identificado é a dificuldade de coordenação dos fóruns do curso. A ação é a disponibilização de ferramentas de suporte à coordenação no AulaNet, o ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem para web utilizado no curso. A característica comum das ferramentas investigadas é a de disponibilizar informações sobre o andamento do fórum sem que seja necessário fazer uso da interface web para desktop do AulaNet: para isto, grafos, gráficos, dados estatísticos e notificações são apresentados através de PDAs, celulares e janelas pop-up no desktop. A avaliação das ferramentas desenvolvidas é feita a cada semestre: avaliando-se como aprendizes e mediadores usam as ferramentas, melhorias ou novas ferramentas são propostas e investigadas no semestre seguinte, num processo cíclico.
In this thesis tools for the coordination support of discussion forums in a distance course are investigated. The research is conducted from the point of view of collaborative learning and the 3C Collaboration Model and uses action research as a method. In a forum carried out as a collaborative activity, learning takes place mainly through the exchange of messages among learners, which demands coordination. Coordination in this thesis is understood as one of the 3 dimensions of collaboration as made evident in the 3C Model: communication, coordination and cooperation. The results of this thesis, which include data, analyzes, procedures, reflections and implementation of the services and functionalities investigated, were obtained in the course of 3 years of action research. In action research the researcher performs successive actions aiming at minimizing a specific problem in a real environment. In this thesis, the real environment is the Information Technologies Applied to Education course at PUC-Rio and the problem identified is a difficulty in the coordination of the course`s forums. The action is the offering of support tools for coordination in the AulaNet, the web-based education and learning environment used in the course. The common characteristic of the tools investigated is the offering of information on the progress of the forum without the need to use the AulaNet`s desktop web interface: with this objective, graphs, statistical data and notifications are presented through PDAs, cell- phone SMSs and pop-up windows in the desktop. An assessment of the tools developed is carried out every semester: through the evaluation of the use of the tools by learners and mediators, improvements or new tools are proposed for the following semester, in a cyclical process.
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RAMENZONI, VERONICA C. „Effects of Joint Task Performance on Interpersonal Postural Coordination“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211213619.
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McGhee, James M. „Texts, organisations and practical actions : using organisational accounts as a resource for coordinating practical actions“. Thesis, Bangor University, 2015. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/texts-organisations-and-practical-actions-using-organisational-accounts-as-a-resource-for-coordinating-practical-actions(a11e8192-6793-45b6-89e7-f71ca301864c).html.
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The aim of the thesis is to show how members use accounts of a collection of interactions to coordinate making available the possibility for relevant parties to coordinate doing those interactions as practical accomplishments. The empirical data consists in the texts of a Welcome Pack sent by Bangor University to the cohort of new first year undergraduate students. It is argued that a well as members using accounts to coordinate doing activities in interactions, members use organisational accounts as a medium of coordination for organising prospective interactions. It describes how this is used to make available the possibility of doing collections of interactions again, for another first time. It describes how members use account of interaction types, category types, and interaction types to do the preparatory work which makes available the possibility for members to coordinate doingactivities in interactions. The analysis explicates how Bangor University was used as the resource for how the interactions of Welcome Week weredoable as practical accomplishments. It therefore extendsEthno,ethodological investigations into how members use organisations as a resource to make available the possibility of doing activities in interactions, and how members use accounts of the availibility as a resource to indicate the prospective relevance of those interactions to them.
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Mitchell, Jude F. „Unity of action : coordination of movement plans between oculomotor areas /“. Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3055792.
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Sosnowski, Scott T. „Approximate Action Selection For Large, Coordinating, Multiagent Systems“. Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1459468867.
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Blomberg, Karl Johan Olof. „Joint action without and beyond planning“. Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7991.
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Leading philosophical accounts of joint activity, such as Michael Bratman’s account of ‘shared intentional activity’, take joint activity to be the outcome of two or more agents having a ‘shared intention’, where this is a certain pattern of mutually known prior intentions (plans) that are directed toward a common goal. With Bratman’s account as a foil, I address two lacunas that are relatively unexplored in the philosophical literature. The first lacuna concerns how to make sense of the apparently joint cooperative activities of agents that lack the capacities for planning and “mindreading” that one must have in order to be a party to a shared intention (consider, for example, the social play of young children or the cooperative hunting of non-human primates or social carnivores). The second lacuna concerns how participants (including adult human agents) are able to coordinate their actions “online”—that is, during action execution as a joint activity unfolds—without recourse to plans that specify in advance what they should do (consider the coordination involved when two friends meet and do a “high five”). Chapters 2 and 3 focus on the first lacuna, while chapters 4 and 5 focus on the second. In chapter 2, I focus on why participants must have mutual or common knowledge of each other’s intentions and beliefs in order to have a shared intention: Why must these attitudes be “out in the open”? I argue that, if participants lack the concept of belief, then one of the two main motivations for the common knowledge requirement—to filter out certain cases that intuitively aren’t cases of genuine joint activity—actually dissipates. Furthermore, a kind of “openness” that only requires of participants that they have the concept of goal but not that of belief can satisfy the other main motivation, to make sense of the idea that joint activities are non-accidentally coordinated. In chapter 3, I offer an account of a kind of joint activity in which agents such as young children and some non-human primates could participate, given what we know about their socio-cognitive capacities. In chapter 4, I argue that ‘shared intention’-accounts are unable to say much about spontaneous or skilful joint action because of the following widely accepted constraint on what one can intend: while an agent might intend—in the sense of commit to a plan—that “we” do something together, an agent cannot intend to perform “our” joint action. I reject this constraint and argue that some joint actions (such as a joint manoeuvre performed by two figure skaters) are joint in virtue of each participant having what I call ‘socially extended intention-in-action’ that overlap. In chapter 5, I review empirical work on subpersonal enabling mechanisms for the coordination of joint action. The review provides clues to what it is that enables participants to successfully coordinate their actions in the absence of plan-like intentions or beyond what such intentions specify. While what I address are lacunas rather than problems, an upshot of this thesis is that leading philosophical accounts of joint activity may have less explanatory scope than one might otherwise be led to believe. The accounts of joint activity and joint action that are presented in this thesis are arguably applicable to many of the joint activities and joint actions of adult human beings. The account also helps us avoid the false dichotomy between a very robust form of joint activity and a mere concatenation of purely individualistic actions—a dichotomy that accounts such as Bratman’s arguably invite us to adopt.
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Mehidi, Mohamed El Amine. „Coordination spatio-temporelle des regulateurs du reseau branche d’actine dans les structures motiles“. Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0385/document.
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La motilité cellulaire est un processus intégré essentiel à de nombreux phénomènes physiologiques tels que la formation du cône de croissance et la plasticité synaptique. Des dérégulations de la motilité cellulaire peuvent être à l’origine de la formation de métastases ou de pathologies neuropsychiatriques comme la schizophrénie et l'autisme. La compréhension des mécanismes régulant la migration cellulaire est donc un enjeu majeur. La motilité cellulaire repose sur la formation de diverses structures constituées de réseaux d’actine branchés telles que le lamellipode. La formation du lamellipode nécessite l’intervention de protéines régulatrices de l’actine telles que Rac1 et les complexes Wave et Arp2/3. Grâce à l’utilisation de suivi de protéine unique, nous avons pu comprendre comment la coordination spatio-temporelle de ces régulateurs contrôle la formation et la morphologie des lamellipodes de cellules migrantes. Nous avons ainsi découvert que l’activation et la localisation du complexe Wave étaient régulées de manière enzymatique mais également mécanique. Dans une première étude, nous avons montré que la RhoGTPase Rac1 active le complexe Wave spécifiquement à l’extrémité du lamellipode. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons révélé que la localisation du complexe Wave est régulée par la dynamique des filaments des réseaux branchés d’actine. Ces données soulignent l’importance du complexe Wave dans la formation du lamellipode et révèlent l’existence d’une régulation mécanique de la localisation du complexe WaveCell motility is an integrated process involved in critical phenomena such as axonal pathfinding and synaptic plasticity. Dysregulation of cell motility can induce metastasis and abnormal spine shapes observed in neuropsychiatric disorders like autism and schizophrenia. Therefore it is essential to understand how cell motility is regulated. Cell motility requires the formation of branched actin networks propelled by actin polymerization that lead to the formation of membrane protrusions such as the lamellipodium. Several actin regulatory proteins are involved in this process, such as Rac1 and the WAVE and ARP2/3 complexes. Using single protein tracking, we revealed key phenomena concerning the spatio-temporal regulation of lamellipodium formation by actin regulatory proteins. We found that the localization and activation of the WAVE complex was enzymatically regulated, but also mechanically. First, we showed that the Rac1 RhoGTPase activates the WAVE complex specifically at the tip of the lamellipodium. We also showed that WAVE complex localization is regulated by the dynamics of branched-network actin filaments. This study confirms the crucial role of the WAVE complex in lamellipodium formation and reveals the existence of a mechanical regulation of the localization of this complex in the cell
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Hassebrock, Justin A. „Coordinative Dynamics: Joint Action Synergies During a Cooperative Puzzle Task“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1429277273.
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Romero, Veronica C. „Is Joint Action Synergistic?A Study of the Stabilization of Interpersonal Hand Coordination“. University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406821563.
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Espinosa, Oviedo Javier Alfonso. „Coordination fiable de services de données à base de politiques actives“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM022/document.
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Nous proposons une approche pour ajouter des propriétés non-fonctionnelles (traitement d'exceptions, atomicité, sécurité, persistance) à des coordinations de services. L'approche est basée sur un Modèle de Politiques Actives (AP Model) pour représenter les coordinations de services avec des propriétés non-fonctionnelles comme une collection de types. Dans notre modèle, une coordination de services est représentée comme un workflow compose d'un ensemble ordonné d'activité. Chaque activité est en charge d'implante un appel à l'opération d'un service. Nous utilisons le type Activité pour représenter le workflow et ses composants (c-à-d, les activités du workflow et l'ordre entre eux). Une propriété non-fonctionnelle est représentée comme un ou plusieurs types de politiques actives, chaque politique est compose d'un ensemble de règles événement-condition-action qui implantent un aspect d'un propriété. Les instances des entités du modèle, politique active et activité peuvent être exécutées. Nous utilisons le type unité d'exécution pour les représenter comme des entités dont l'exécution passe par des différents états d'exécution en exécution. Lorsqu'une politique active est associée à une ou plusieurs unités d'exécution, les règles vérifient si l'unité d'exécution respecte la propriété non-fonctionnelle implantée en évaluant leurs conditions sur leurs états d'exécution. Lorsqu'une propriété n'est pas vérifiée, les règles exécutant leurs actions pour renforcer les propriétés en cours d'exécution. Nous avons aussi proposé un Moteur d'exécution de politiques actives pour exécuter un workflow orientés politiques actives modélisé en utilisant notre AP Model. Le moteur implante un modèle d'exécution qui détermine comment les instances d'une AP, une règle et une activité interagissent entre elles pour ajouter des propriétés non-fonctionnelles (NFP) à un workflow en cours d'exécution. Nous avons validé le modèle AP et le moteur d'exécution de politiques actives en définissant des types de politiques actives pour adresser le traitement d'exceptions, l'atomicité, le traitement d'état, la persistance et l'authentification. Ces types de politiques actives ont été utilisés pour implanter des applications à base de services fiables, et pour intégrer les données fournies par des services à travers des mashupsWe propose an approach for adding non-functional properties (exception handling, atomicity, security, persistence) to services' coordinations. The approach is based on an Active Policy Model (AP Model) for representing services' coordinations with non-functional properties as a collection of types. In our model, a services' coordination is represented as a workflow composed of an ordered set of activities, each activity in charge of implementing a call to a service' operation. We use the type Activity for representing a workflow and its components (i.e., the workflow' activities and the order among them). A non-functional property is represented as one or several Active Policy types, each policy composed of a set of event-condition-action rules in charge of implementing an aspect of the property. Instances of active policy and activity types are considered in the model as entities that can be executed. We use the Execution Unit type for representing them as entities that go through a series of states at runtime. When an active policy is associated to one or several execution units, its rules verify whether each unit respects the implemented non-functional property by evaluating their conditions over their execution unit state, and when the property is not verified, the rules execute their actions for enforcing the property at runtime. We also proposed a proof of concept Active Policy Execution Engine for executing an active policy oriented workflow modelled using our AP Model. The engine implements an execution model that determines how AP, Rule and Activity instances interact among each other for adding non-functional properties (NFPs) to a workflow at execution time. We validated the AP Model and the Active Policy Execution Engine by defining active policy types for addressing exception handling, atomicity, state management, persistency and authentication properties. These active policy types were used for implementing reliable service oriented applications, and mashups for integrating data from services
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Rein, Robert, und n/a. „Movement coordination in a discrete multi-articular action from a dynamical systems perspective“. University of Otago. School of Physical Education, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080125.144336.
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Dynamical systems theory represents a prominent theoretical framework for the investigation of movement coordination and control in complex neurobiological systems. Central to this theory is the investigation of pattern formation in biological movement through application of tools from nonlinear dynamics. Movement patterns are regarded as attractors and changes in movement coordination can be described as phase transitions. Phase transitions typically exhibit certain key indicators like critical fluctuations, critical slowing down and hysteresis, which enable the formulation of hypotheses and experimental testing. An extensive body of literature exists which tested these characteristics and robustly supports the tenets of dynamical systems theory in the movement sciences. However, the majority of studies have tended to use a limited range of movement models for experimentation, mainly bimanual rhythmical movements, and at present it is not clear to what extent the results can be transferred to other domains such as discrete movements and/or multi-articular actions.
The present work investigated coordination and control of discrete, multi-articular actions as exemplified by a movement model from the sports domain: the basketball hook shot. Accordingly, the aims of the research programme were three-fold. First, identification of an appropriate movement model. Second, development of an analytical apparatus to enable the application of dynamical systems theory to new movement models. Third, to relate key principles of dynamical systems theory to investigations of this new movement model.
A summary of four related studies that were undertaken is as follows: 1. Based on a biomechanical analysis, the kinematics of the basketball hook shot in four participants of different skill levels were investigated. Participants were asked to throw from different shooting distances, which were varied in a systematic manner between 2m and 9m in two different conditions (with and without a defender present). There was a common significant trend for increasing throwing velocity paired with increasing wrist trajectory radii as shooting distance increased. Continuous angle kinematics showed high levels of inter- and intra-individual variability particularly related to throwing distance. Comparison of the kinematics when throwing with and without a defender present indicated differences for a novice performer, but not for more skilled individuals. In summary, the basketball hook shot is a suitable movement model for investigating the application of dynamical systems theory to a discrete, multi-articular movement model where throwing distance resembles a candidate control parameter.
2. Experimentation under the dynamical systems theoretical paradigm usually entails the systematic variation of a candidate control parameter in a scaling procedure. However there is no consensus regarding a suitable analysis procedure for discrete, multiarticular actions. Extending upon previous approaches, a cluster analysis method was developed which made the systematic identification of different movement patterns possible. The validity of the analysis method was demonstrated using distinct movement models: 1) bimanual, wrist movement, 2) three different basketball shots, 3) a basketball hook shot scaling experiment. In study 1, the results obtained from the cluster analysis approach matched results obtained by a traditional analysis using discrete relative phase. In study 2, the results from the method matched the a-priori known distinction into three different basketball techniques. Study 3 was designed specifically to facilitate a bimodal throwing pattern due to laboratory restrictions in throwing height. The cluster analysis again was able to identify the a-priori known distribution. Additionally, a hysteresis effect for throwing distance was identified further strengthening the validity of the chosen movement model.
3. Using eight participants, hook shot throwing distance was varied between 2m and 9m in both directions. Some distinct inter-individual differences were found in regards to movement patterning. For two subjects clear transitions between qualitatively distinct different patterns could be established. However, no qualitative differences were apparent for the remaining participants where it was suggested that a single movement pattern was continually scaled according to the throwing distance. The data supported the concept of degeneracy in that once additional movement degrees of freedom are made available these can be exploited by actors. The underlying attractor dynamics for the basketball hook shot were quite distinct from the bistable regime typically observed in rhythmical bimanual movement models.
4. To provide further evidence in support of the view that observed changes in movement patterning during a hook shot represented a phase transition, a perturbation experiment with five participants was performed. Throwing distance was once again varied in a scaling manner between 2m and 9m. The participants wore a wristband which could be attached to a weight which served as a mechanical perturbation to the throwing movement. Investigation of relaxation time-scales did not provide any evidence for critical slowing down. The movements showed high variation between all subsequent trials and no systematic variation in relation to either the mechanical perturbation or the successive jumps in throwing distance was indicated by the data.
In summary, the results of the research programme highlighted some important differences between discrete multi-articular and bimanual rhythmical movement models. Based on these differences many of the findings ubiquitous in the domain of rhythmical movements may be specific to these and accordingly may not be readily generalized to movement models from other domains. This highlights the need for more research focussing on various movement models in order to broaden the scope of the dynamical systems framework and enhance further insight into movement coordination and control in complex neurobiological systems.
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Mon-Williams, Mark A. „Action in perception : the perceptual-motor abilities of children with developmental coordination disorder“. Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.281583.
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Kumar, Pankaj 1979. „NGO coordination in humanitarian action : the case of Czech floods of August 2002“. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33056.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-59).
In responding to disasters and emergencies, it is generally expected that there is effective coordination and exchange of information among those affected by or involved in the disaster response at the national and international level and that relief agencies undertake activities on the basis of need, where their expertise and capacity can have the greatest impact. Benefits of coordination range from reducing activity duplication to allowing organizations to assist more people in need. However, while the importance of coordination is generally accepted and appreciated in the humanitarian aid field, how to accomplish it still remains somewhat elusive and problematic. This thesis attempts to analyze the nature and level of coordination among Czech humanitarian NGOs responding to the devastating floods of 2002 with a view to better understand the challenges to and incentives for NGO coordination in humanitarian action and response. The results show that while an ad-hoc attempt was made to coordinate the rehabilitation effort among the NGOs, differences in management styles and organizational values, along with traditional disincentives to cooperate like competition for funds and publicity limited the level of coordination in responding to the floods.
by Pankaj Kumar
M.C.P.
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Damaj, Ziad Guillon Emmanuel. „Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés de nouveaux matériaux actifs absorbeurs d'oxygène : emballages actifs“. Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000983.pdf.
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Klassen, Tetyana Marie. „Moments of intimacy, co-creation of themes and coordination of action within sibling pretense“. Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ55686.pdf.
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Kochem, Amelie. „Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes de coordination contenant des ligands redox-actifs“. Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859702.
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Les radicaux organiques tiennent une place de choix dans de nombreux domaines et il est établi que ceux-ci peuvent exister coordinés à des centres métalliques dans les métalloenzymes. La Galactose Oxydase par exemple contient une entité cuivre(II)-radical phénoxyle indispensable à sa réactivité pour l'oxydation aérobie d'alcools en aldéhydes. Ces travaux de thèse ont consisté en l'élaboration de complexes de métaux de transitions (cuivre, nickel, cobalt) à partir de ligands noninnocents. Les caractérisations des espèces sous divers degrés d'oxydation ont été réalisées par différentes techniques complémentaires d'analyse (l'électrochimie, la RPE, l'UV-visible-proche-IR, la resonance raman ainsi que la diffraction des rayons X) combinées à des études de chimie théorique. Nous avons synthétisé des complexes Ni(II)-salen symétriques et dissymétriques et montré que l'espèce oxydée radicalaire pouvait acquérir un caractère localisé (composé de classe II) ou délocalisé (composé de classe III selon Robin-Day) en fonction des substituants phénoliques. Dans des complexes Cu(II)-salophen nous avons mis en évidence une activité redox centrée sur le pont, conduisant à des espèces Cu(II)-radicaux π diaminobenzène. Dans le cas des complexes de cobalt, les orbitales redox actives du métal et du ligand sont si proches en énergie que l'espèce oxydée est un hybride de résonance entre les formes Co(III)-phénolate et Co(II)-phénoxyle. Nous avons évalué l'influence du remplacement des oxygènes du salen par des azotes sur la structure électronique des espèces oxydées. Enfin, des complexes ont été mis au point à partir d'un ligand bis(phénol)-dipyrrine et les espèces oxydées radicalaires ont été caractérisées structuralement. Elles ont un caractère mixte porphyrinyle-phénoxyle jamais mis en évidence au préalable.
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Kochem, Amélie. „Synthèse et caractérisation de complexes de coordination contenant des ligands redox-actifs“. Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENV029/document.
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Les radicaux organiques tiennent une place de choix dans de nombreux domaines et il est établi que ceux-ci peuvent exister coordinés à des centres métalliques dans les métalloenzymes. La Galactose Oxydase par exemple contient une entité cuivre(II)-radical phénoxyle indispensable à sa réactivité pour l'oxydation aérobie d'alcools en aldéhydes. Ces travaux de thèse ont consisté en l'élaboration de complexes de métaux de transitions (cuivre, nickel, cobalt) à partir de ligands noninnocents. Les caractérisations des espèces sous divers degrés d'oxydation ont été réalisées par différentes techniques complémentaires d'analyse (l'électrochimie, la RPE, l'UV-visible-proche-IR, la resonance raman ainsi que la diffraction des rayons X) combinées à des études de chimie théorique. Nous avons synthétisé des complexes Ni(II)-salen symétriques et dissymétriques et montré que l'espèce oxydée radicalaire pouvait acquérir un caractère localisé (composé de classe II) ou délocalisé (composé de classe III selon Robin-Day) en fonction des substituants phénoliques. Dans des complexes Cu(II)-salophen nous avons mis en évidence une activité redox centrée sur le pont, conduisant à des espèces Cu(II)-radicaux π diaminobenzène. Dans le cas des complexes de cobalt, les orbitales redox actives du métal et du ligand sont si proches en énergie que l'espèce oxydée est un hybride de résonance entre les formes Co(III)-phénolate et Co(II)-phénoxyle. Nous avons évalué l'influence du remplacement des oxygènes du salen par des azotes sur la structure électronique des espèces oxydées. Enfin, des complexes ont été mis au point à partir d'un ligand bis(phénol)-dipyrrine et les espèces oxydées radicalaires ont été caractérisées structuralement. Elles ont un caractère mixte porphyrinyle-phénoxyle jamais mis en évidence au préalableOrganic radicals play key roles in various fields and it is established that they could coordinate metal centers in metalloenzymes. For example, Galactose Oxydase exhibits a copper-phenoxyl entity, essential for its reactivity (aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes). This thesis is focused on the design of transition metal complexes (copper, nickel, cobalt) from non innocent ligands. The characterization of species at various oxidation states has been performed by complementary analytical techniques (electrochemistry, EPR, UV-vis-NIR, raman resonance, X-ray crystallography) and theoretical chemistry. Several Ni-salen complexes were synthetized (symmetrical or not) and the resulting oxidized species could be either localized (class II compound) or delocalized (class III compound) radicals depending on the phenolic substituents. In Cu(II)-salophen complexes we successfully shed light on a bridge-centered redox activity, leading to Cu(II)-diaminobenzene π radical species. In the case of cobalt, both metal and ligand redox active orbitals are isoenergetic and the oxidized species is a resonance hybrid between the Co(III)-phenolate and the Co(II)-phenoxyl forms. We evaluated the influence of the replacement of the salen oxygen atoms by nitrogen ones on the electronic structure of the resulting oxidized species. Finally, original complexes were synthesized from a bis(phénol)-dipyrrine ligand and the radical oxidized species were structurally characterized. They exhibit a unprecedented mixed porphyrinyl-phenoxyl character
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Benerink, Niek. „Playing pong together : a new experimental paradigm to study social coordination in a doubles interception task“. Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0631/document.
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Dans une tâche virtuelle d'interception, nous nous sommes intéressés à la façon dont deux individus, pouvant déplacer chacun une raquette le long d'un axe d'interception commun, coordonnaient leurs actions dans le but d'intercepter une balle qui s'approchait. En tant que contact entre les raquettes rendrait interception impossible, la tâche de double-pong demandait aux participants de décider à chaque essai qui allait être celui à réaliser l'interception. Sans possibilités pour communication orale, seules les informations visuelles sur l’écran pouvaient être utilisées lors processus décisionnel. A travers trois expériences, en manipulant les positions initiales des raquettes et les différences individuelles de niveaux au sein des équipes, nous avons examiné comment ces équipes organisaient leur comportement d'interception. Les résultats ont révélé que toutes les équipes établissaient spontanément une division du travail caractérisée par des domaines d'interception individuels séparés par des frontières floues. Bien que les positions des limites puissent varier d'une équipe à l'autre, celles-ci ont été systématiquement affectées par les positions initiales des raquettes. Les différences de niveaux ne semblaient pas avoir un tel effet. Une définition basée sur l'action de l'opportunité selon laquelle, à chaque instant, chaque joueur se déplace vers la future position d'interception, a permis de prédire qui finirait par intercepter la balle. Dans l'ensemble, nos études suggèrent que la prise de décision de qui va intercepter la balle émerge d'un couplage informationnel entre les membres de l'équipe, considérant que la division de l'espace est un résultat émergentWe studied the way two individuals coordinate their actions in order to intercept an approaching ball by moving individually-controlled paddles along a common interception-axis in a video game-like doubles interception task. With contact between paddles leading to their immediate disintegration, the doubles-pong task required team members to decide on each trial who would be the one to actualize the interception. Because overt communication was precluded, these decisions were informed exclusively by vision of the on-screen movements of paddles and ball. In three experiments, manipulating initial conditions (i.e., initial paddle positions) and individual skill differences within teams, we examined how teams organized their joint interception behavior. Results revealed that all teams spontaneously demonstrated a division of labor, characterized by individual interception domains separated by fuzzy (i.e., overlapping) boundaries. While boundary locations could vary over teams within a given experimental condition, they were nevertheless systematically affected for each team by initial paddle positions. Skill differences between individual team members did not appear to have such an effect. An action-based definition of the (time-evolving) expediency with which each player moved towards the future interception position allowed predicting which of the two players would end up intercepting the ball and which would abandon the interception attempt. Overall, our studies suggest that the decision of who will intercept the ball emerges from an informational coupling between team members, with the division of space being an emergent result
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Purcell, Catherine. „Perceptual errors in predicting vehicle approach in typical and atypical populations“. Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/2ff9415f-664d-bc81-3d6f-83ae0759ae31/10/.
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As a pedestrian at the roadside, the two most informative cues as to the distance and rate of closure of a vehicle are its optical size and the rate of expansion of the optical image. In addition, the time to arrival of an approaching vehicle can be perceptually estimated by the ratio of these two variables, referred to as tau (Lee, 1976). Sensitivity to optic expansion is critical for collision avoidance and was measured in populations of adults, typically developing children, and in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), an idiopathic condition characterised by marked impairments in motor coordination that negatively impact on activities of daily living. A central tendency was found in adults (n = 193) between 18 to 59 years of age to make significant errors in judging the approach rates of two vehicles. Inflated errors were observed in children (n = 136) between 6 to 17 years of age, with decreased sensitivity in the youngest age group (6 to 11 years). Furthermore, a significant decrement was found in children (n = 9) with DCD between 6 to 11 years of age. Across all groups, a systematic vehicle size bias was found, whereby faster small vehicles were perceived as travelling slower than larger vehicles. This pattern of results suggest that in general, observers are not utilising tau in judgments of relative approach rates for speeds typically encountered at the roadside, but instead rely on optical expansion that does not compensate for image size. Errors due to a reliance on optic size were inflated in children with DCD, potentially placing them at significantly greater risk at the roadside. To examine the decreased sensitivity observed in DCD, thresholds for detecting visual looming were measured in children (n = 11) with DCD between 6 to 11 years of age. A significant deficit was found when vehicles were presented in perifoveal vision, whereby children with DCD may perceive vehicles that are 5 seconds away as stationary if they are travelling any faster than ~14 mph. This demonstration of a low-level visual processing deficit could suggest an immaturity in the dorsal stream network and explain some of the difficulties that characterise DCD. Critically, perceptual judgments at the roadside are inextricably linked to the motoric capability of the observer. If a pedestrians crossing time is greater than the time available, collision will occur. Crossing gap thresholds were measured and compared to walking times for a single vehicle approaching at varying speeds. Children (n = 9) with DCD between 6 to 11 years of age left considerably longer temporal crossing gaps than their action capabilities necessitated. However, when children with DCD were presented with multiple vehicles in a virtual reality environment, they accepted crossing gaps at all approach speeds that were shorter than the time it would take them to cross. This suggests that children with DCD may not have the perceptual accuracy to predict their required action gaps in a road crossing situation. One explanation for these findings could be a difference in DCD in how vision is dynamically allocated to facilitate the preparation of goal-directed actions. Dynamic allocation of visual attention was assessed in a series of experiments that measured eye movement latencies and hand movement accuracy in children (n = 5) with DCD between 6 to 11 years of age. Both measures were found to be comparable in DCD with their typically developing peers regardless of task complexity, indicating that the allocation of visual attention is not deficient in children with DCD. The prospective control of movement in our everyday lives is critically depended on estimating the immediacy of approaching objects. Combined, these results indicate that children with DCD may be particularly vulnerable at the roadside due to a visual motion processing deficit, consistent with atypical function across broad neural structures such as the dorsal stream.
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Hassebrock, Justin A. „Informationally Coupled Social Problem Solving: The Role of Fractal Structure and Complexity Matching During Interpersonal Coordination“. Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1563189930963608.
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Boitumelo-Mfula, Tumisang Sanggy. „Stakeholder accountability in water demand management in South-east Botswana“. University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6169_1205235311.
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Botswana's population and water demand are growing at a high rate particularly in the dry south eastern part of the country. In 1999, a Water Conservation Policy and Strategy framework document was formulated to guide a transition from a supply driven water management approach to water demand management. This study investigated whether there was a disparity between the framework policy and strategy recommendations and their actual implementation.
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Frigoli, Gilles. „La coordination des acteurs dans la construction de l'action publique locale : le cas de l'action sociale territorialisée“. Nice, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NICE2015.
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On assiste depuis quelques années à un développement spectaculaire de l'action en partenariat dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre des politiques publiques au niveau local. De plus en plus, l'Etat central invite les acteurs locaux à coordonner leur action, non pas seulement en vue d'un traitement conjoint, mais bien d'une formulation conjointe des problèmes à régler. D'où l'intérêt d'essayer de mieux comprendre les mécanismes par lesquels les acteurs construisent en même temps l'objet et les conditions de leur coopération, soit les problèmes publics et les solutions organisationnelles pour les résoudre. L'objectif de la recherche est dés lors de comprendre comment s'élaborent des solutions collectives et organisées à des problèmes qui sont largement à construire dans le cadre même de cette recherche de solutions. La thèse défendue est que la recherche de solutions en matière de coopération et la recherche de solutions aux problèmes publics se structurent mutuellement et qu'éclairer les mécanismes de cette interstructuration peut permettre de mieux comprendre comment sont concrètment produits des formes et des contenus d'action publique et, dans le cas de l'action sociale territorialisée, des modes de traitement des populations en difficulté.
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Damaj, Ziad. „Synthèse, caractérisation et propriétés de nouveaux matériaux actifs absorbeurs d’oxygène : emballages actifs“. Reims, 2008. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000983.pdf.
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Un emballage actif a pour rôle de préserver et d’allonger la durée de conservation des produits alimentaires, pharmaceutiques et cosmétiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse nous sommes attachés à proposer de nouveaux emballages actifs, dans lesquels l’absorbeur d’oxygène ne serait plus ensaché mais serais directement incorporé dans le film polymérique d’emballage. Ainsi, de nouveaux complexes (cuivre(I) et cobalt(II)) absorbeurs d’oxygène ont été synthétisés, caractérisés et leur réactivité vis-à-vis de l’oxygène a été étudiée. Deux familles de ligands naturels ont été retenues, des acides aminés et des dérivés de sucres (glycoligand). Les complexes sélectionnés ont été incorporés dans des polymères organiques (PVA et EVOH) par casting et extrusion. La consommation d’oxygène des complexes et des nouveaux films obtenus a été déterminée par oxymétrie et suivie par spectrophotométrie UV-visibleAn active packaging has a role to preserve and extend the shelf life of food products, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. During this thesis, we are committed to propose of new active packaging, in which the oxygen scavenger not is more bagged but would be incorporated directly into the polymeric film. Thus, new complexes (copper(I) and cobalt(II)) oxygen absorbers have been synthesized, characterized and their reactivity towards the oxygen has been studied. Two families of natural ligands have been selected, amino-acids and sugars (glycoligand). The selected complexes have been incorporated in organic polymers (PVA and EVOH) by casting and extrusion. The oxygen consumption of complexes and obtained films was determined by oxymetry and followed by UV-visible spectrophotometry
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Szymanski, Caroline [Verfasser], Ulman [Gutachter] Lindenberger, Katharina von [Gutachter] Kriegstein und Peter [Gutachter] Keller. „Neural Synchronization Patterns During Interpersonal Action Coordination / Caroline Szymanski ; Gutachter: Ulman Lindenberger, Katharina von Kriegstein, Peter Keller“. Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185667830/34.
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Gorenstein-Massa, Felipe. „Insurgency on the Internet: Organizing the Anonymous Online Community“. Thesis, Boston College, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104073.
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Thesis advisor: Candace JonesOnline communities support collective action without many of the constraints that have belied collective actors and formal organizations in the past. They have become increasingly pervasive platforms for activism as well as potential catalysts for novelty in organizing practices. Scholars have shown that by leveraging affordances of the Internet, these communities have displaced or become complements to face-to-face organizations such as churches, community centers, labor unions and political groups that have traditionally structured civic engagement. Few empirical studies, however, systematically address how processes ranging from mobilization to the coordination of complex, large-scale collective action and practices that enable and support these processes are different in online environments. In this dissertation, I provide conceptual background that supports the study of online communities as dynamic and diverse modes of civic engagement. I reveal how locations, boundaries, interactions and identities are instantiated differently in online communities, influencing processes and practices that are crucial to social change. Using Internet-based ethnographic methods, I examine: (1) how an online community called `Anonymous' experiences shifts in purpose as it transitions from being focused on recreation to becoming both an incubator and support system for several social change projects and (2) how the community adopts a repertoire of coordinating practices that allows it to organize complex projects
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2013
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Management and Organization